October 14-16 | Purdue University | West Lafayette, IN, USA
INTERNATIONAL SOIL & WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL CONFERENCE
SWAT 2015
Book of Abstracts
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a public domain model jointly developed by USDA
Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, part of The Texas A&M
University System.
SWAT is a small watershed to river basin-scale model to simulate the quality and quantity of surface and
ground water and predict the environmental impact of land use, land management practices, and climate
change. SWAT is widely used in assessing soil erosion prevention and control, non-point source pollution
control and regional management in watersheds.
swat.tamu.edu | facebook.com/swatmodel | twitter.com/swat_model
ContentsForewordOrganizingCommitteeScientificCommitteeWednesday 11:00–12:30p.m. A1 SWAT+:IntroductiontothenewSWATcode(part1)A2 ClimateChangeApplicationsA3 Hydrology1:30–3:00p.m. B1 SWAT+:IntroductiontothenewSWATcode(part2)B2 BiofuelandPlantGrowthB3 LargeScaleApplications3:30–5:00p.m. C1 HydrologyC2 DatabaseandGISApplicationandDevelopmentC3 ModelDevelopmentThursday 8:00–9:10a.m. D1 WesternLakeErieBasin(part1)D2 BMPsD3 EnvironmentalApplications9:20–10:30a.m. E1 WesternLakeErieBasin(part2)E2 ClimateChangeApplicationsE3 SensitivityCalibrationandUncertainty11:00–12:30p.m. F1 BioenergyCroppingSystemApplicationsfortheU.S.CornBeltRegionF2 HydrologyF3 ModelDevelopment1:30–3:00p.m. G1 PosterFriday 8:00–9:10a.m. H1 ClimateChangeApplicationsH2 Sediment,Nutrients,andCarbonH3 BMPs9:20–10:30a.m. I1 EPIC/APEXModelingSystemI2 LandscapeProcessesandLandscape/RiverContinuumI3 LargeScaleApplications11:00–12:30p.m. J1 HydrologyJ2 LargeScaleApplicationsJ3 DatabaseandGISApplicationandDevelopment1:30–3:00p.m. K1 ClimateChangeApplicationsK2 ModelDevelopmentK3 SensitivityCalibrationandUncertainty
2015 SWAT Conference 1 Purdue University, USA
ForewordThisyeartheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelreaches25yearsofcontinueddevelopment.Overtheyears,SWAThasreachedavastnumberofwaterprofessionalsandgraduatestudentsaroundtheworldtoprovideaplatformtotesttheirhypothesesandcontinuetopushtheirresearchtosolveglobalwaterresourcesproblems.Theorganizersofthe2015InternationalSWATConferenceatPurdueUniversitywanttoexpresstheirthankstoPurdueUniversityalongwithBernieEngel,IndrajeetChaubey,JaneFrankenberger,andVenkateshMerwadefortheircountlesshoursandeffortstohosttheSWATCommunity.Inaddition,wewouldliketothankourconferencecoordinator,ShannonBornemanwithPurdueConferences,forherworksettingupregistration,food,andlogisticsfortheconference.OnbehalfoftheSWATCommunity,weextendoursinceregratitudetoyouandyouruniversityforthekindinvitationandwelcominghospitality.Wewouldalsoliketothankthescientificcommitteefortheirsupportinpreparingtheconferenceagendaandallowingforscientistsandresearchersaroundtheglobetoparticipateandexchangetheirscientificknowledgeatthisconference.ThisconferencemarksoursilverjubileecelebrationoftheSWATmodel’sfirst25years.SWATdeveloperswouldliketothankallthosewhohavecontributedtoSWATdevelopmentovertheyears,allowingSWATtobecomeasuccessfulmodelwithwellover2300peer-reviewedpublications.Thedevelopershopetocontinueourworktogetherforanother25yearsofcontinuedsuccess.Wearehappytobecelebrating25yearsattheplacewhereitallstarted—PurdueUniversity.GoBoilers!
2015 SWAT Conference 2 Purdue University, USA
Organizing CommitteeIndrajeetChaubey,PurdueUniversity,USABernieEngel,PurdueUniversity,USAJaneFrankenberger,PurdueUniversity,USAVenkateshMerwade,PurdueUniversity,USACibinRaj,PurdueUniversity,USAHendrikRathjens,PurdueUniversity,USANinaOmani,PurdueUniversity,USAQinyuFeng,PurdueUniversity,USAAdnanRajib,PurdueUniversity,USAAliceDu,PurdueUniversity,USACarlingtonWallace,PurdueUniversity,USAJengqiuChen,PurdueUniversity,USATianGuo,PurdueUniversity,USAColleenMoloney,PurdueUniversity,USAJeffArnold,USDA-ARS,USARaghavanSrinivasan,TexasA&MUniversity,USAJaclynTech,TexasA&MUniversity,USA
2015 SWAT Conference 3 Purdue University, USA
Scientific CommitteeJimAscough,USDA-ARSClaireBaffaut,USDA-ARSLauraBowling,PurdueUniversityIndrajeetChaubey,PurdueUniversityBernieEngel,PurdueUniversityDennisFlanagan,PurdueUniversityNicolaFohrer,Christian-Albrechts-UniversityJaneFrankenberger,PurdueUniversityPhilipGassman,IowaStateUniversityMargaretGitau,PurdueUniversityChi-huaHuang,USDA-ARSJaehakJeong,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearchMari-VaughnJohnson,USDA-NRCSMargaretKalcic,UniversityofMichiganValentinaKrysanova,PIKVenkateshMerwade,PurdueUniversityRebeccaLogsdonMuenich,GrahamSustainabilityInstituteBalajiNarasimhan,IndianInstituteofTechnology-MadrasLeeNorfleet,USDA-NRCSNinaOmani,PurdueUniversitySoniPradhanang,UniversityofRhodeIslandCibinRaj,PurdueUniversityHendrikRathjens,PurdueUniversityJoséMiguelSánchez-Pérez,CNRS-ECOLABRobinTaylor,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearchAnnvanGriensven,UNESCO-IHEMartinVolk,HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZMikeWhite,USDA-ARSXuesongZhang,PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratory
2015 SWAT Conference 4 Purdue University, USA
Session A1: SWAT+: Introduction to the new SWAT code
SWAT+: Introduction to the new SWAT code, input/output file structure,test datasets and developers’ interfaceKatrinBieger ,HendrikRathjens ,IndrajeetChaubey ,DavidD.Bosch ,PeterM.Allen ,MartinVolk ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,JeffreyG.Arnold1. TexasA&MAgriLifeBlacklandResearch&ExtensionCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PurdueUniversity.3. PurdueUniversity.4. USDA-ARS.5. BaylorUniversity.6. HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZ.7. TexasA&MUniversity.8. USDA-ARS.
AbstractSincethereleaseofthefirstversionoftheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)twodecadesago,severalnewvariablesandsubroutineshavebeenintegratedinthemodel,makingitmoredifficulttomanipulateandmaintain.Therefore,theSWATcodeandtheinputandoutputfilestructurearecurrentlybeingcompletelyrevised.SWAT+,thenewversionofSWAT,simplifiesthemaintenanceofthecode,theintegrationofnewvariablesandthesharingofdata.Inaddition,itgivestheusermoreflexibilityindefiningthespatialinteractionswithinawatershed,sincehydrologicresponseunits,subbasins,aquifers,reservoirsandreachesaretreatedasseparatespatialobjects.Thereby,italsofacilitatestheimplementationoflandscapeunitstoimprovethespatialrepresentationofhydrologicalprocessesinthewatershed.Currently,threewatershedsintheUnitedStatesareusedtotestanddebugSWAT+:theLittleRiverExperimentalWatershedinGeorgia,theMiddleBosqueRiverWatershedinTexasandtheSouthForkWildcatCreekWatershedinIndiana.ThissessionisintendedtogiveinterestedSWATusersanoverviewofthenewmodularSWATcodeandinputfilestructure,theincreasedflexibilityintermsofspatialinteractionswithinthewatershed,thedatasetsusedtotestanddebugthenewcodesandinputfiles,theintegrationoflandscapeunitsinthemodelandthedevelopers’interfacethatiscurrentlyusedtosetupandeditSWAT+models.Thelastpartofthesessionwillbereservedforuserquestionsandsuggestions.
*1 2 3 4 5 67 8
2015 SWAT Conference 5 Purdue University, USA
Session A2: Climate Change Applications
Assessing projected climate impacts on streamflow in small coastal basinsof the Western United StatesWilliamBurke ,DarrenFicklin1. IndianaUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. IndianaUniversity.
AbstractTheimpactsofclimatechangeonwatershedhydrology,particularlystreamflowquantityandtiming,arebecomingincreasinglyimportanttocurrentandfuturemanagementofourwaterresources.WesternU.S.coastalwatershedshavedisplayedadifferentresponsetoclimatechangeoverthepast50yearsascomparedtomountainouswatersheds.Coastalwatershedshavehadlaterstreamflowtimingasopposedtotheearlierstreamflowtimingobservedinmountainouswatersheds.Despitethedissimilarityofcoastalandmountainouswatersheds,thereisalackofhydrologicmodelinginthesecoastalwatersheds.ThroughtheuseoftheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)coupledwithdownscaledGeneralCirculationModel(GCM)data,itispossibletoassessandprojectfuturehydrologyatthewatershedandsubwatershedscalesthroughthe21 century.ThisworkfocusesonfivesitesalongtheWestCoastoftheU.S.,eachwithitsowncalibratedSWATmodel.ThispresentationwilllookatthefindingsofthisassessmentateachsitealongtheWestCoastoftheU.S.,utilizing21and19GCMseachfromRepresentativeConcentrationPathways(RCPs)8.5(highemissions)and4.5(lowemissions)respectively.Therewillbeafocusonchangesininterannualstreamflowquantity,timing,distribution,andvariability,comparinghistoricstreamflowtrendstothoseofthemid-andlate-21 century.Additionally,therelativeinfluenceoftemperatureandprecipitationonstreamflowateachsitewillbeanalyzedanddiscussed.Lastly,long-termtrendsacrosstheWestCoast,andateachsitespecificallywillbeassessed.Keywordshydrology,modeling,climatechange,coastal,SWAT
*1 2
st
st
2015 SWAT Conference 6 Purdue University, USA
Session A2: Climate Change Applications
Climate change impact assessment on long term water budget for Maitlandcatchment in southern OntarioVinodChilkoti ,AakashBagchi ,TirupatiBolisetti ,RamBalachandar1. PhdStudent.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. GraduateStudent.3. AssociateProfessor.4. Professor.
AbstractChangingclimatehasbecomeamatterofgraveconcernforthepastfewdecadesandscientificcommunityismakingalleffortstomakeareasonableassessmentonitsimpactonlongtermwaterbudgetatvariouspartsoftheglobe.InthepresentstudySWATmodelisemployedinordertoassessthebasinyieldofasouthernOntariocatchment.Climateprojectionsarethenforcedintothemodelinordertoaccessthevariationinthebasinyieldintermsofsurfaceandgroundwater.MaitlandRiver,awestflowingperennialstream,drainingthroughsouthwesternOntarioanddischargingintoLakeHuronishavingtotalcatchmentareaof2455km .Thebasinispredominantlyanagriculturallandwithmorethan82%oftheareaoccupiedundercultivation.TheSWATmodeldatasetwasdevelopedbasedonthesoildetailsobtainedthroughSoilLandscapesofCanada(SLC),landusedatafromSouthernOntarioLanduseInformationSystem(SOLRIS),weatherdatafromtheEnvironmentCanadaclimatestationslocatedwithinandinvicinityofthecatchment.Themodeliscalibratedandvalidatedusingthe12yearsofrecordedflowsatthreestreamgauginglocationswithinthecatchment.CalibrationandvalidationwascarriedoutbasedonNash-Sutcliffeefficiencyandrparameter.Boththeteststatisticswerefoundcloseto0.8forannualandmonthlywaterbudgets.ThehydrologicalresponseoftheMaitlandcatchmentunderthefutureprojectedclimatescenariofollowingtheRepresentativeConcentratedPathways(RCP)4.5isalsostudied.TheoutputsofCanRCM4modelunderCMIP5experimentwereforcedintothehydrologicalmodel.Theresultsofimpactofthefutureclimateonwateryieldarefurtherdiscussedinthepresentation.KeywordsMaitlandRiver,climatechange,CanRCM4
*1 2 3 4
2
2
2015 SWAT Conference 7 Purdue University, USA
Session A2: Climate Change Applications
Climate and Land Use/Cover Change Impacts on the Ecologically RelevantFlow Metrics in the Cahaba RiverFurkanDosdogru ,LatifKalin1. GraduateStudent,SchoolofForestryandWildlifeSciences,AuburnUniversity,Auburn,AL,36849,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,SchoolofForestryandWildlifeSciences,AuburnUniversity,Auburn,AL,36849,USA.
AbstractTheCahabaRiverisidentifiedasthelongestfreeflowingriverintheStateofAlabama,andTheNatureConservancynoteditasoneoftheonlyeight“HotspotofBiodiversity”outof2,111watershedsinthecontiguousUnitedStates.Thisstudyexploredtheimpactsoflanduse/cover(LULC)andclimatechangesonhydrologicalresponsesinrapidlyurbanizingupperCahabaRiverbasininnorth-centralAlabama,inparticulartheeffectonlow-flowregimes.Past,presentandfuturepotentialstreamflowresponsestoclimatechangeareanalyzedbasedonecologicallyrelevantflowmetrics.Weused32keyflowmetricsthatcaptureslow,high,medianflowaswellasflashiness,whichareknowntohavesignificantimpactsonthefloraandfauna.Theseflowmetrics,thustheecology,willcertainlybeaffectedbyLULCandclimatechange.Dailystreamflowwasproducedfrom1948to2015usinghistoricalclimateandLULCdatawithSWAT.FuturedailystreamflowwasgeneratedusingCMIP5climatedatauptoyear2098withelevenclimatemodelsunderfourdifferentemissionsscenarios.The150yearperiodfrom1948to2098waspartitionedintofiveintervals,each30yearsinlength.ThedailystreamflowfromeachperiodwasfedintotheIndicatorsofHydrologicalAlterations(IHA)softwaretocalculatethe32flowmetricsineachperiod.Differencesintheflowmetricswereassessed,whichmayhintforincrease/decreaseinnativespecies’densitythatmayhaveoccurredinthepastormightoccurinthefuture.KeywordsClimatechange,Landuse/coverchange,Urbanization,SWAT,CMIP5,Flowregimealterations.
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 8 Purdue University, USA
Session A2: Climate Change Applications
Development of a SWAT-based methodology to evaluate, at municipalscale, the vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate changeJesusUresti-Gil ,HectorDanielInurreta-Aguirre ,DianaUresti-Duran1. Doctorinscience.INIFAP.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. MasterinScience.3. AgriculturalEngineer.
AbstractInMéxico,climatechangewillnegativelyaffecttheproductivityoftheagriculturalsector,puttingfoodsecurityatrisk.Thevulnerabilityoftheagriculturalsectorisausefultoolfordesigningplansforadaptationtoclimatechange;andaccordingtotheIPCC,itisafunctionoftheadaptivecapacityandthemagnitudeoftheimpact.Theaimwastodevelopamethodologytoassessandmap,atthemunicipalscale,thevulnerabilityoftheagriculturalsectortoclimatechange.Themethodologywasdevelopedwithdatafrom624municipalitiesgroupedineightbasinslocatedinthetropicalsoutheasternMexico.Foreachmunicipalityandbasin,theywerecarriedoutthefollowingactivities:1)Detailedcharacterizationoftheagriculturalsectorincluding12crops.2)Developmentofasyntheticindextoevaluatetheadaptivecapacity(ICA);whichwasmadeupoffivesub-indices:availabilityandqualityofnaturalresources(NR)levelofhuman(HD),economic(ED),technology(TD)andinfrastructure(ID)development.3)Developmentofanindextoassessthemagnitudeoftheimpactoncropproductivity(IIP);whichwasevaluatedfor12cropsusingtheSWATmodel,undertheIPCCgreenhousegasesemissionscenarioA1B,duringtheyears2012(baseline),2030,2060and2090.4)Developmentofamunicipalvulnerabilityindextoclimatechange(IVM);whichiscalculatedthroughadoubleentrymatrix,consideringthreecategoriesofICAandIIP.TheIVMforeachmunicipalitywasclassifiedas:extremelyvulnerable,veryvulnerable,vulnerable,lowvulnerableandnotvulnerable.Resultsindicatethatfromthe624municipalities;255,350and19havelow,mediumandhighICA,respectively.Regardingthemagnitudeoftheimpactonproductivity;284,51and289municipalitiesshowedahigh,mediumandlowIIP,respectively.AsfortheIVM;26municipalitiesareextremelyvulnerable,264areveryvulnerable,248arevulnerable,85arefewvulnerableandonly1isnotvulnerable.Itisconcludedthatthemethodologydevelopedanditsassociateddatabases,maybethebasistosupportdecision-makinganddesignatthemunicipalscaleandbasin,plansfortheadaptationoftheagriculturalsectortoclimatechange.KeywordsVulnerability,cropgrowsimulation,adaptivecapacity,climatechange
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 9 Purdue University, USA
Session A3: Hydrology
Analysis of Watershed Soundness by Water Balance and Water QualityVariation Using SWAT Model for Han River Basin, South KoreaSoRaAhn ,JiWanLee ,ChungGilJung ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractWaterbalanceandwaterqualityforwatershedsoundnessassessmentwasinvestigatedforHanRiverbasin(34,148km²)ofSouthKoreausingawatershed-scalehydrologicmodel,SWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool).Topredictthereliableavailablewaterquantityofthebasin,themodelwasestablishedbydividingthebasininto237subbasinsasstandardwatershedsandthewaterresourcefacilitiesof4multipurposewatersupplydamsand3multi-functionweirswereconsidered.TheSWATwasspatiallycalibrated(2005-2009)andvalidated(2010-2014)usingdailyobserveddamandweirinflows,evapotranspiration,soilmoistureandwaterqualitydata.TheSWATsimulatedthepresentwaterbalanceconsideringthesurface–groundwaterinteractionsandwaterqualityvariationandquantifiedthebasinscalerelationshipofhydrologiccycleandwaterquality.Simulationresultsindicatedthespatialandtemporalvariabilityofwaterbalanceconditionsbyevaluatingthehydrologiccomponentsofinfiltration,evapotranspiration,streamflow,percolation,soilmoisture,baseflow,andgroundwaterrechargeandInfluencesofwaterqualitychangeonwaterbalanceconditions.Finally,weassessedthewatershedsoundnessandvulnerabilityofwaterresourcesandwaterqualityforexecutablewatershedmanagement.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyagrant(14AWMP-B079364-01)fromWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Damoperation,Waterbalance,Waterquality,Watershedsoundness
1 2 3 *4
2015 SWAT Conference 10 Purdue University, USA
Session A3: Hydrology
Streamflow Generation Responses to Extreme Hydrometeorological andClimate Events in an Intensively Agricultural WatershedJuanCarlosJaimes-Correa ,ShannonBartelt-Hunt ,FranciscoMuñoz-Arriola1. PhD.Student,CivilEngineering,UniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,CivilEngineering,UniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.3. AssociateProfessor,BiologicalSystemsEngineering,UniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.
AbstractHydrologicalmodelsabletoreproducehydrologicregimesinresponsetoextremehydrometeorologicalandclimateevents(EHCE)arerelevantforwatershedmanagement.OurgoalistocharacterizethesensitivityofstreamflowgenerationtoEHCEinaheavilyagriculturalwatershed.TheShellCreek(SC)watershed(1,244km )islocatedineast-centralNebraskawithalargeportionofthelandincultivatedcrops(78.2%),andasignificantnumberofcattleandswineanimalfeedingoperations.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistosimulatestreamflowsinSWATandevaluatechangesinresponsetoEHCEinSC.Wehypothesizedthatshort-intenseprecipitationeventsgeneratesgreaterdischargesthanlong-moderaterainfallafterdryperiods.Intensiveland-usesmodifynaturalcoverandfirstsoillayers,whichreducewaterinfiltrationrateswhilelettoaquickrainfall-runoffresponse.TotestthathypothesisweuseSWATandresultswereprocessedstatistically.Weforcedthemodelwithweathervariables(i.e.precipitationandminimumandmaximumtemperatures,)foratimespanof60years.CalibrationofthemodelwasperformedinSWAT-CUP.Twoparameterswerecalibrated.TheinitialSCSrunoffcurvenumberformoistureconditionII(CN2),andtheManning’snformainchannel(Ch_N2).TheGeneralizedLikelihoodUncertaintyEstimation(GLUE)procedurewasusedtoevaluatethemodelperformance,andthelikelihoodwasmeasuredbytheNash-SutcliffeEfficiency(NSE).ThemodelwassuccessfullycalibratedwithaNSEof0.55.TheCN2andCh_N2valuesthatbetterfitthemodelwere83.1and0.036,respectively.PercentilesofstreamflowwereobtainedthroughtheuseofGamadistributionfunctiononthesimulatedstreamflows.PercentilesofstreamflowwereusedasindicesofEHCEtocharacterizeandidentifydroughts(below30 percentiles)andfloods(percentilesabove70percentileandsoilmoisturesabovesimilarpercentiles).Streamflowsgeneratedinresponsetosucheventswerecontrastedwithaveragedstreamflowsfromhistoricalsimulationsproducedduringthesametimespan.Futuredirectionswillconsidervalidationofthecalibratedmodel,andultimatelymodelingwaterquality,especiallyemergentcontaminantsinSC.KeywordsSWAT;extremeprecipitationevents;runoffgeneration;agriculturalland-use;ShellCreek
*1 2 3
2
th th
2015 SWAT Conference 11 Purdue University, USA
Session A3: Hydrology
Daily streamflow prediction in ungauged watersheds with a hybrid model:SWAT-ANNNavidehNoori ,LatifKalin1. post-doc,UniversityofGeorgia.2. Professor,AuburnUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractAhybridANN-SWATmodelwasdevelopedtopredictdailystreamflowinungaggedwatersheds.InthisapproachstreamflowisfirstsimulatedusingtheSWATmodelwiththedefaultmodelparameters,i.e.nomodelcalibrationisinvolved.TheSWATsimulatedbaseflowanddirectrunoffarethenusedasinputstoANN.Dailystreamflowdatafrom29USGSstationsinandaroundthemetropolitanAtlantaareawereusedtotestthisapproachandthepredictivemodelswerebuiltwithleave-one-site-outjackknifingtechnique(i.e.ateachstep28siteisusedfortrainingandoneisusedfortesting).ComparisonofresultsfromthishybridapproachtoSWATshowedbetterperformanceingeneral.Itwasconcludedthatcouplingofmachinelearning-basedtechniqueswithwatershedmodelscanimprovethedailyflowpredictionandthemodelingefficacy.ThisapproachhastheaddedbenefitofeliminatingtheneedforsensitivityanalysisandcalibrationoftheSWATmodel.However,thisapproachisonlyapplicablewhenthereissufficientnumberofstreamflowdatafromnearbywatersheds.KeywordsANN,ungaugedwatershed,dailyflow
1 *2
2015 SWAT Conference 12 Purdue University, USA
Session A3: Hydrology
Spatial and temporal evaluation of hydrological response to climate andland use change in South Dakota watershedsManashiPaul ,MohammadAdnanRajib,LaurentAhiablame1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractThisstudyexploredhydro-climatologicalchangesbetweentworecentdecades(1980sand2000s)withtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)inthreerepresentativewatershedsinSouthDakota.TheBadRiverWatershed(BRW)inthewest,andSkunkCreekWatershed(SCW)andUpperBigSiouxRiverWatershed(UBSRW)intheeast.TwoSWATmodelswerecreatedfrom1981to1990andfrom2005to2014foreachwatershedwithlandcovermapsof1992and2011fromtheNationalLandCoverDatabase(NLCD),correspondingrespectivelyto1980sand2000s,torepresentlandusechangeandcharacterizehydrologicalchangesbetweenthetwotimeperiods.Themodelswerecalibratedfordailystreamflowforatleastfiveyears(R andNSE>0.39;PBIAS=[±24])andvalidatedforatleastfouryears(R andNSE>0.37;PBIAS=[±47]).Simulationresultsshowedthatsurfacerunoff,soilwatercontent,wateryieldandpercolationincreasedbymorethan7mm,18mm,7mmand3mm,respectively,inallthreewatersheds.Evapotranspiration(ET)increasedbymorethan10mminBRWandUBSRW;butdecreasedby49mminSCW.Between1980sand2000s,seasonalvariationinhydrologymostlyincreasedduringthewetseason(i.eMaytoOctober)inallthreewatersheds.Spatialanalysisrevealedthatthehydrologicalcomponentsincreasedwithadecreaseingrasslandinthewatersheds,exceptinSCWwhereETdecreasedbetweenthetwotimeperiods.Overall,hydrologicalchangesoccurredbetween1990sand2000sinthestudywatersheds.KeywordsHydrology,SWAT,SouthDakota
*1
22
2015 SWAT Conference 13 Purdue University, USA
Session B2: Biofuel and Plant Growth
Assessing the influence of climate variability on land use change fromcotton to perennial bioenergy grasses: implications on watershed hydrology
and water qualityYongChen ,SrinivasuluAle ,NithyaRajan1. GraduateResearchAssistant,Dept.ofSoilandCropSciences,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX.2. AssistantProfessor,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearch,Vernon,TX76384.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. AssistantProfessor,Dept.ofSoilandCropSciences,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX.AbstractThesemi-aridTexasHighPlains(THP)region,whichisdominatedbycottoncultivation,hasthepotentialtogrowperennialbioenergygrassesofAlamoswitchgrass(PanicumvirgatumL.)andMiscanthus×giganteus.Thisregionischaracterizedbyhightemperaturesandlowprecipitationandithasexperiencedrecurringdroughtsintherecenttimes.Assessingtheimpactsofhypotheticallandusechangefromcottontoperennialgrassesonhydrologyandwaterquality,andstudyingtheinfluenceofclimatevariabilityonproposedlandusechangeiscriticalformakingbetterdecisionsonlanduseandadoptionofthebestmanagementpracticesinthisintensiveagriculturalregion.Inthisstudy,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulatethelong-term(1994-2009)effectsofproposedlandusechangeonbiofuelproductionpotential,watershedhydrologyandwaterqualityintheDoubleMountainForkBrazoswatershedoftheTHP.Inaddition,aclimatevariability/sensitivityanalysiswasconductedtostudytheeffectsofincreaseinatmosphericCO concentration,changesinprecipitation(within±40%)andincreaseintemperature(upto+6ᵒC),byvaryingtheseparametersoneatatime..Theaverageannualsurfacerunoffandtotalnitrogenloaddecreasedbyabout8%and14%,respectivelyundertheperennialgrassscenarioswhencomparedtothebaselinecottonscenario.Theclimatesensitivityanalysisforthehistoricperiod(1994-2009)indicatedthatthewaterbalances,totalnitrogenload,andcropyieldwereverysensitivitytothechangesinclimaticparameters.Forexample,theaverageannualirrigationwateruseandevapotranspiration(ET)decreasedby29%and5%,respectively,incaseofcottonwhentheatmosphericCO concentrationwasincreasedfrom330ppm(baseline)to660ppm.However,theincreaseofambientCO concentrationledtoanincreaseinaverageannualsurfacerunoff,totalnitrogenload,anddrylandcottonlintyieldbyabout54%,28%and40%,respectivelywhencomparedtocurrentCO levels.Similarresultswerefoundincaseofperennialgrasses.
1 *2 3
2
222
2015 SWAT Conference 14 Purdue University, USA
Session B2: Biofuel and Plant Growth
Water Quality and Cost Considerations in the Supply of Feedstocks forCellulosic BiofuelsJingyuSong ,BenjaminGramig ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey1. Researchassistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Associateprofessor,PurdueUniversity.3. PostDocresearchassociate,PurdueUniversity.4. Professor,PurdueUniversity.
AbstractAsconcernsaboutenvironmentaldegradationhaveincreased,identifyingcleanerandmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyenergysourceshasbecomeanimportantfocusfortheacademiccommunityaswellaspolicymakers.Producingbiofuelsfromenergycropsisonealternativetofossilfuelswithlowergreenhousegasemissions.Cellulosicfeedstockssuchascornstover(cropresidue),perennialgrassesandfastgrowingtreesarepromisingenergycropsthatmayhelpwiththeenergysupply.Inthisstudy,wetakeaspatiallyexplicitapproachandexaminetheconditionsunderwhichtheagriculturallandwithinawatershedcanmeetthedemandofabiorefinery.BasedonSWATmodelsimulations,weestimatefarmproductionandtransportcostsoftwodedicatedenergycrops,switchgrassandmiscanthus,incomparisontocornstover.WethendevelopaMatlabprogrambasedonageneticalgorithmtominimizeproductioncostsubjecttobiomassproductionandpollutionconstraintsintheWildcatCreekWatershedinIndiana,USA.Ourresultsindicatethattheperennialgrassesswitchgrassandmiscanthushavemuchhigherbiomassyieldthanstoverharvestedfromanannualcorncrop.However,costsassociatedwiththeirproduction,loading-unloadingoperationsandhaulingaremuchhigherthanthoseofcornstover.Thoughcornstoveristhelowestcostfeedstockconsidered,itresultsinrelativelyhighersediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadingthantheperennialgrassesconsidered.Thereiscleartradeoffamongcost,feedstockproduction,andthelevelandformofenvironmentalimprovementpursuedbysociety.Keywordscellulosicbiofuels;SWAT;optimization;geneticalgorithm;waterpollution
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 15 Purdue University, USA
Session B2: Biofuel and Plant Growth
Forecasting changes in water quality in the Tennessee River Basin withgrowing biofuelsGangshengWang ,HenrietteJager,LathaBaskaran,TylerBaker,CraigBrandt1. ResearchScientist,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractThisstudyaimstoevaluatehowgrowingcellulosicbioenergyfeedstocksintheTennesseeRiverBasin(TRB)willinfluencewaterquantityandquality.WesetuptheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelforTRBandconfigurethemainreservoirsintheSWATmodelasthisriverbasinishighlyalteredbyreservoirs.Weusedmulti-objectiveoptimizationtocalibratethewaterbalancecomponentofSWATagainsttheUSGSHUC8monthlyrunoffdatasetfrom1986to1995.Another18-yearHUC8runoffdata(1996–2013)wereusedformodelvalidation.Inaddition,weemployedthesamemethodtocalibratethewaterqualityagainsttheUSGSmonthlyestimatedfluxes(sediment,totalphosphorus,totalnitrogen,andnitrate+nitrite)from1997to2006andvalidatethemodelbytherestdata(2007–2013).Ingeneral,calibrationgreatlyimprovedthematchbetweenmonthly/seasonalpatternsinSWAT-simulatedandobservedhistoricalwaterquantityandqualitydata.Basedonthecalibratedmodel,wecomparedsimulatedwaterqualitybetweentwoscenarios,i.e.post-bioenergyfuturevs.pre-bioenergybaseline.TheaforementionedcalibratedmodelisthebaselinemodelwiththeUSDA2009CroplandDatalayer(CDL)data.Thepost-bioenergyfuturescenariowillincreasetheswitchgrasslandfrom0.1%(baseline)to4%.MedianprojectednutrientandsedimentloadingsshoweddecreasesinTRB.Mediansedimentloadingsdecreasedby4.4%.Mediannitrateandphosphorusloadingsdecreasedby32.1%and7.5%,respectively.PreliminaryresultssuggestthatTRBholdspromiseforproducingcellulosicfeedstocksthatenhancewaterquality.Keywordsnutrients,runoff,sediment,switchgrass;TennesseeRiverBasin
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 16 Purdue University, USA
Session B2: Biofuel and Plant Growth
Development of a SWAT-based information system to identify areas forsustainable intensive agricultural production in the peninsula of Yucatan,
Mexico.AlejandroCano-González ,JesusUresti-Gil ,HéctorDanielInurreta-Aguirre ,DianaUresti-Durán ,NeldaUzcanga-Pérez1. Doctorinscience.INIFAP.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Doctorinscience.3. Masterofscience.4. Agriculturalengineer.5. Masterofscience.AbstractThesteadyincreaseinpopulationleadstotheneedtoproduce,alsosteadily,morefood.Traditionally,thisincreaseinproductionhasbeenachievedbyopeningnewlandsforcultivation,withconsequentdeforestationandemissionofgreenhousegases,aggravatingglobalwarming.Asanalternativetoproducemorefoodwithoutdeforestation,theuseofintensivesystemsofsustainablefarminginareaswithcurrentagriculturaluseisproposed.Non-governmentalorganizationslocatedinthePeninsulaofYucatan,Mexico;TheyrequestedtotheNationalInstituteofForestry,AgricultureandLivestock(INIFAP),thedevelopmentofaninformationsystemtosupportdecision-makingandplanningforsustainableintensiveagriculturalproductionsystems.Theaimofthispaperistopresentthedevelopedsystem.Thesystemwasdevelopedwithinformation,atmunicipalscale,ofthestatesofYucatan,CampecheandQuintanaRoointhePeninsulaofYucatan,Mexicoandincludeseightwatersheds.Thedevelopedsystemincludesmapsandassociateddatabases.Theflowchartofthesystemprovidesinformation(mapsanddatabases)atthemunicipal,stateandbasinscaleon/for:1)Characteristicsoftheagriculturalsector,naturalresources(water,soil,climate)andsocioeconomicconditions.2)Technologiesandtheirproductioncostsusedbyfarmers.3)Portfoliooftechnologiesandtheircostsforintensiveproduction.4)Mapsanddatabasesofcropyields,assessedwiththeuseofSWAT,undertheactualtechnologyusedbyfarmersandtechnologyforintensiveproduction(identificationofcropyieldsgap).5)Protectedareasanditsterritorialecologicalzoning.6)Identificationofphysical,naturalandsocioeconomicfactorslimiting/drivingproduction.7)Areasfortheestablishmentofdevelopmentpoleswithintensiveagriculture,highlyproductive,profitableandsustainable,and8)Fourfinancialindicatorsbyareaandcrop.Thedevelopedsystemsupportsthereasoneddecision-makingprocesstoselectareasandcropsforsustainableintensiveproductionofhighproductivityandprofitability,whichcanhelpsignificantlytoreducetherateofdeforestationinthepeninsulaofYucatan,Mexico.KeywordsIntensiveagriculture,Deforestation,Cropgrowmodelling,Informationsystem
*1 2 3 45
2015 SWAT Conference 17 Purdue University, USA
Session B3: Large Scale Applications
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Ecohydrological Model Circa2015: Global Application Trends, Insights and IssuesPhilipGassman ,JeffArnold ,RaghavanSrinivasan1. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Grassland,SoilandWaterResearchLaboratory,USDA-ARS,Temple,TX.3. SpatialSciencesLaboratory,DepartmentofEcosystemScienceandManagement,TexasA&MUniversity.
AbstractTheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)isoneofthemostwidelyusedwatershed-scalewaterqualitymodelsintheworld.Over2,000peer-reviewedSWAT-relatedjournalarticleshavebeenpublishedandhundredsofotherstudieshavebeenpublishedinconferenceproceedingsandotherformats.TheuseofSWATwasinitiallyconcentratedinNorthAmericaandEuropebuthasalsoexpandeddramaticallyinothercountriesandregionsduringthepastdecadeincludingBrazil,China,India,Iran,SouthKorea,SoutheastAsiaandeasternAfrica.TheSWATmodelhasproventobeaveryflexibletoolforinvestigatingabroadrangeofhydrologicandwaterqualityproblemsatdifferentwatershedscalesandenvironmentalconditions,andhasprovenveryadaptableforapplicationsrequiringimprovedhydrologicandotherenhancedsimulationneeds.Weinvestigateherethevarioustechnological,networking,andotherfactorsthathavesupportedtheexpandeduseofSWAT,andalsohighlightcurrentworldwidesimulationtrendsandpossibleimpedimentstofutureincreasedusageofthemodel.Examplesoftechnologicaladvancesincludeeasyaccesstoweb-baseddocumentation,user-supportgroups,andSWATliterature,avarietyofGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)interfacetools,pre-andpost-processingcalibrationsoftwareandothersoftware,andanopensourcecodewhichhasservedasamodeldevelopmentcatalystformultipleusergroups.ExtensivenetworkingregardingtheuseofSWAThasfurtheroccurredviainternet-basedusersupportgroups,modeltrainingworkshops,regionalworkinggroups,regionalandinternationalconferences,andtargeteddevelopmentworkshops.Wefurtherhighlightseveralimportantmodeldevelopmenttrendsthathaveemergedduringthepastdecadeincludingimprovedhydrologic,croppingsystem,bestmanagementpractice(BMP)andpollutanttransportsimulationmethods.Inaddition,severalcurrentSWATweaknesseswillbeaddressedandkeydevelopmentneedswillbedescribedincludingtheabilitytorepresentlandscapesandpracticeswithmorespatialdefinition,theincorporationofamodulespecificallydesignedtosimulatericepaddysystemsandalgorithmsthatcancaptureplantcompetitiondynamicssuchasoccurincomplextree/cropsystemsandinteractionsbetweencropsandweeds.KeywordsSWAT,globalusetrends,technologicalfactors,networking,futuredevelopmentneeds
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 18 Purdue University, USA
Session B3: Large Scale Applications
Modeling Sediment and Nutrient Loads Input to the Texas Gulf and Effectsof Conservation Practices on Water QualitySanthiChinnasamy ,CEAPTeam1. ResearchScientist.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Scientist-Staff.
AbstractTexasGulfandthesurroundingbayareasareexperiencingeutrophication/fishkillduetoexcessnutrientsdischargedfromitsdrainingbasinconsistingofpastureland,cropland,municipalandindustrialdischargesandurbanizedarea.Trinity,ColoradoandBrazosriverwatershedsarealsoreportedtohaveelevatedsedimentandnutrientpollutionproblems.DeterminingthemagnitudeofsedimentandnutrientloadsenteringtheTexasGulffromdifferentriverbasins,identifyingtheirsources,andevaluatingtheeffectsofcroplandconservationpracticesonwaterqualitywouldbeusefulforplanningandprioritizingmanagementeffortsforthisregion.Thefield-scalemodelAgriculturalPolicyEnvironmentalExtender(APEX)wasusedtosimulatetheconservationpracticesoncroplandandConservationReserveProgramlandandassesstheedgeoffieldwaterqualitybenefits.PredictedflowandloadsfromAPEXwereinputtothewatershedscalemodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).SWATwasusedtosimulatethewatershedprocessesandestimatetheinstreamwaterqualitybenefits.SWATmodelwascalibratedforstreamflow,sedimentandnutrientsatmultiplesitesintheTexasGulfBasin.Thesemodelswerethenusedto(1)estimatethesedimentandnutrientloadsenteringtheTexasGulffromdifferentriverbasins,and(2)estimatetheeffectsofvariouscroplandconservationpracticestrategiesonwaterqualityintheTexasGulfBasin.Modelpredictionsindicatedthat14.7milliontonnesofsediment,152,400metrictonnesofnitrogenand36,430metrictonnesofphosphorusloadswereenteringtheTexasfromthedrainingbasinasperbaselineconservationconditionin2006-06.Currentlyestablishedpracticesoncroplandwerepredictedtoreducethesediment,nitrogenandphosphoruslossesfromedgeoffieldwithineach8-digitwatershedsby85%,32%and57%,respectively.Thesepracticeswerepredictedtoreducetheinstreamsediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadsenteringtheTexasGulfby19%,10%,and6%,respectively.AdditionalconservationtreatmentcanhelptoreducetheloadswithinthebasinandtotheTexasGulf.KeywordsCEAP,SWAT,APEX,ConservationPractices,TexasGulf,Sediment,Nitrogen,Phosphorus
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 19 Purdue University, USA
Session B3: Large Scale Applications
Assessing spatial and temporal distribution of sediment, nitrogen andphosphorous loading in the Missouri River basinZhonglongZhang ,MayWu1. SeniorScientist,LimnoTech,EnvironmentalLab.,EngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter,Vicksburg,MS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PrincipalEnvironmentalSystemAnalust,EnergySystemsDivision,ArgonneNationalLaboratory,LemontIL.
AbstractTwoSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelsweredevelopedtoassessspatialandtemporaldistributionofsediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadingintheMissouriRiverBasin(MORB).TwosetsofthelatestlandusedataofNationalLandDataCover(NLCD)andCropDataLayer(CDL)wereusedinthisstudy.TheMORBSWATmodelswerecalibratedandvalidatedwith20yearsofmeasuredstreamflowdatacollectedfrom20U.S.GeologicalSurveystreamflowgagestationsforwatershedhydrology.Thecalibrationofstreamflowsedimentandnutrientloadwasbasedonasubsetofthelocationsusedinthecalibrationofhydrologywithlimitedmeasureddata.Modelperformancerangesfromsatisfactorytoverygoodforbothcalibrationandvalidationperiods.Theloadingofsediment,nitrogenandphosphoruswerestudiedatthreescales:subbasin(8-digithydrologicunit),regionalwatershed,andthewholebasin.BaselinemodelresultsshowedthatthelargesttotalnitrogenandtotalphosphorusloadscomefromthesubbasinsintheLowerMissouriRiverwatershedbecauseofheavilycultivatedcroplands.ThesmallestloadswerefromtheUpperMissouriandYellowstoneRiverregionalwatersheds,whereinputsfromallsourcesaremodestandattributabletothelargepastureandrangelandinthisarea.ThetotalloaddeliveredtotheMississippiRiverfromtheMORBincludedapproximately6.1�107tons/yroftotalsuspendedsediment,4.5�108kg⁄yroftotalnitrogen,and1.0�108kg⁄yroftotalphosphorus.Oftheseloads,LowerMissouriRiverregionalwatershedcontributes30%ofthenitrogen,respectively,and40%ofthephosphorus;however,thenitrogenandphosphoruscontributionsbytheUpperMissouriandYellowstoneRiverregionalwatershedswerelessthan1%.Thisstudyfurtherinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenlandusechangeandloadingofsediment,nitrogenandphosphorusintheMORB.Thisstudywillbeusefultoquantifychangesinaveragesedimentandnutrientloadsinresponsetoincreasedbiofuelfeedstockproductioninthisregion.KeywordsMissouriRiver,SWAT,landuse,sediments,nutrients,waterquality,biofuelproduction
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 20 Purdue University, USA
Session B3: Large Scale Applications
An analysis on the effect of settlements distribution changes to the NPS inthe Xiaojiang River Basin after the construction of the Three Gorges
Reservoir using SWATXiaoyanZheng ,PingGuo ,HongPeng ,WanshunZhang ,YongguiWang1. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentScience,WuhanUniversity.2. ChongqingAcademyofEnvironmentSciences,Chongqing.3. SchoolofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineering,WuhanUniversity.4. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentScience,WuhanUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)5. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentScience,WuhanUniversity.AbstractTheThreeGorgesProjectleadstoanaggravationinthelevelofthereservoir-pointsourcepollution.Exploringthesignificantfactorsthatintensifythelevelofthenon-pointsourcepollutionafterthecompletionofThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR),canbeusefulformaximizingthesocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefitsoftheThreeGorgesProject.FortheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,12,000migrantshavebeenresettled.Theimmigrationmakesthespatialdistributionofthesettlementsbeenchangedfromdecentralizationtoagglomeration,alongwiththepollutiondischargedwaychangingfromthescatteredemissionpatterntoconcentrativeemissionpattern.Whichisoneofthesignificantfactors.XiaojiangRiverBasinisthemajortributaryoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,involvingfourcounties,77towns.AftertheconstructionofThreeGorgesReservoir,thespatialdistributionpatternofthesettlementshasexperiencedagreatchange.WeassesstheeffectoftheThreeGorgesprojectontheincreasingenvironmentalpollutioninXiaojiangRiverBasin,basedonthechangeofthespatialdistributionofthesettlementsandpollutionemissions.Withusingthesedataaboutlanduse,soilstructure,socialandeconomicconditionsin2002and2013,thecontentoftotalphosphorus,totalnitrogenandsedimentconcentrationhavebeensimulatedinSWATmodel.Theresultsshowedshowsthattheinitialtotalamountofpollutionhasvariedlittleafterimmigration,butthenon-pointsourcepollutionflowintothewaterbodyincreasedalot.Ontheonehand,thehardeningofthelandinhabitedbyimmigrantsleadstothe,wasnotconducivetotheinfiltrationofpollutantsreducing,thepollutantsdirectlyflowingintothewaterwiththerainfromthestormsewerorimportedartificialriverchannels,whichleadtoanaggravationinthetotalamountofthenon-pointsourcepollutants.Ontheotherhand,afterimmigration,theboththechangefromthenon-pointsource(NPS)pollutioniscollectedtogetheranddischargeintotheriverthroughsewerslikethetoapointsourcepollution.ComparingwiththedispersiveNPSbeforeimmigration,theconcentratedNPShassmallerlosses.While,the,andtheunreasonablemethodonwastewatertreatmentmethodsintheareaarenotenough,whichleadstotheworsewaterqualityandmoreamountsofthesewagetreatment,centralizedsewageinflowdischargedthroughpipesandwaterchannels,whichleadtoinfiltrationandreductionloss,therebyincreasingthewaterstoragecapacitypollutantsdirectlydischargingintothewater.ThisstudysuggestedthatsewagetreatmentefficiencyshouldbeimprovedintheTGRareasinordertoreducetheamountofpollutantflowingintotheReservoir.
1 2 3 *4 5
2015 SWAT Conference 21 Purdue University, USA
Session C1: Hydrology
Simulation of Tile Drainage in Two Midwestern Watersheds UsingSWAT2012JaneFrankenberger ,ChelsieBoles ,ColleenMoloney1. Professor,AgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ProjectEngineer,LimnoTech.3. GraduateResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.
AbstractInmanywatershedsoftheMidwesternU.S.,subsurfacetiledrainageisoneofthemostimportantflowpathwaysandthereforeneedstobeincludedinmodelsimulations.SWATalgorithmsformodelingflowthroughtiledrainshaveimprovedthroughtheyears,yetchallengesremainforimplementingtiledrainagesimulation,includingselectionofcomplexorunmeasurableparameters,andsettingupthemodeltocaptureoutputsattheoutletofthedrains.Thispresentationwilldescribethetiledrainsimulationintwosmallagriculturalwatersheds,oneinIndianaandoneinOhio.TheIndianastudyshowedthatcurvenumbervaluesneedtobesubstantiallydecreasedfortileflowpredictionandthatdepthtoimpermeablelayer(DEP_IMP)wasthemostimportantcalibrationparameter,asitalsocontrolsseepagethroughtherestrictivelayer.IntheOhiostudy,tileoutletdatawereavailableforfivetiles,somethodsweredevelopedtouseeachtiledareaasaseparatesubbasinforevaluatingtiledrainagesimulations.Theseprocesseshaveimprovedthesimulationofflowandnutrientsintile-drainedwatersheds.Keywordssubsurfacedrainage,drainflow,nitrogen
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 22 Purdue University, USA
Session C1: Hydrology
Hydrological Modeling of Highly Glacierized River BasinsNinaOmani ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,PatriciaSmith ,RaghupathyKarthikeyan1. PostDocResearchAssociate.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor.3. AssociateProfessor.4. AssociateProfessor.AbstractSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulatefiveglacierizedriverbasinsthatareglobalincoverageandvaryinclimate.TheriverbasinsincludedtheNarayani(Nepal),Vakhsh(CentralAsia),Rhone(Switzerland),Mendoza(CentralAndes,Argentina),andCentralDryAndes(Chile)withatotalareaof85,000km2.AmodifiedSWATsnowalgorithmwasappliedinordertoconsiderspatialvariationofassociatedsnowmelt/accumulationbyelevationbandacrosseachsubbasin.Inthepreviousstudies,meltratesvariedasafunctionofelevationresultingfromanairtemperaturegradientwhilethesnowparameterswereconstantthroughouttheentirebasin.Amajorimprovementofthenewsnowalgorithmisseparatingtheglaciersfromseasonalsnowbasedontheircharacteristics.TwoSWATsnowalgorithmswereevaluatedinsimulationofmonthlyrunofffromglacieredwatershed:1)thesnowparametersarelumped(i.e.constantthroughouttheentirebasin)and2)thesnowparametersarespatiallyvariablebasedonelevationband-subbasin(i.e.modifiedsnowalgorithm).ApplyingthedistributedSWATsnowalgorithmimprovedthemodelperformanceinsimulationofmonthlyrunoffwithsnow-glacialregime,sothatmeanRSRdecreasedto0.49from0.55andNSEincreasedto0.75from0.69.Improvementofmodelperformancewasnegligibleinsimulationofmonthlyrunofffromthebasinswithmonsoonrunoffregime.KeywordsSWAT,Glacier,Snow,CentralAsia,SouthAmerica,Rhone
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 23 Purdue University, USA
Session C1: Hydrology
Modeling Water Quantity and Nutrients in Devils Lake Watershed UsingSWATAfshinShabani ,XiaodongZhang1. PhDstudent.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Associateprofessor.
AbstractDevilsLake,nearly10187Sqkm,sub-basinoftheRedRiverbasinnorth,isaterminallakeinnortheasternNorthDakota.Inlasttwodecades,thelakelevelincreased,resultinginconnectingtotheStumpLakecausingfloodsthatrequiredmorethanonebillionUSDforfloodmitigation.DevilsLakeisalready1.5meterunderitsnaturalspillleveltotheSheyennenneRiverfromwhichwaterisdrainedthroughtwoartificiallyconstructedoutletstopreventflooding,butdrainingwatertoSheyenneeriverraiseaconcernofwaterqualityfordownstream.Inthisstudy,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulatewaterquantityandqualityovertheDevilsLakewatershedbetween1995to2010.Themodelwassuccessfullycalibratedandvalidatedfortheflow,sediment,andtotalnitrogen(TN)andphosphorous(TP)fortheentireofDevilsLakewatershed.Theresultsindicatedthattheaverageuplandsediment,TP,andTNare0.8tonha year ,0.63kgha year , and4kgha year .TheSWATmodelsuccessfullysimulatedsedimentdepositionandnutrientsinthelake.Theresultalsoshowed6.2meterincreasedinlakelevelwithRMSElessthan48centimeterforthestudyperiod.KeywordsDevilsLake,Nutrients,SWAT,Sediment,Waterfluctuation
*1 2
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
2015 SWAT Conference 24 Purdue University, USA
Session C1: Hydrology
Implications of limited data on sediment yield predictions in a tile draindominated landscapeKarthikKumarasamy ,PatrickBelmont1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractTheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)iscommonlyappliedtoestimatesedimentyieldandpredictchangesinloadsasaresultofchangesinmanagementorconservationpracticesatlargewatershed(>2000km2)scales.However,challengesinourabilitytodifferentiatebetweensedimentsourcesincombinationwithsimplificationsandomissionsofprocessesrendermodelapplicationssusceptibletosystematicbiases.AssedimentyieldcomputationswithinSWATaredependentonflow,itiscriticaltocorrectlyquantifythewateravailableandthetimeofitsarrival.Inthatcontext,properquantificationoftheextent,distributionandefficiencyofsubsurfacetiledrainageisimportantinagriculturallandscapes.SWATprovidesamechanismtoaccountforsub-surfacetiledrainage,butinpracticeactualdatatoconstrainthisflowpathwayaretypicallynotavailable.Forexample,althoughextensiveuseofsubsurfacedrainageinLeSueurRiverBasinlocatedinsouthcentralMinnesotahasbeendocumented,thelocation,densityandextentsofthetiledrainagearegenerallyunknownatwatershedscales,leadingtouncertaintyinflowcalibration.Inthisstudywehaveexploredthechallengesrelatedtosubsurfacedrainageanditsimplicationsforpredictingsedimentyield.Wealsodemonstratethatitiseasytoimplicatethewrongsource(agriculturalfieldsratherthanbanks)andsuggestapproachestoquantifyand/orcircumventsuchproblemsofequifinalitybyincorporatingindependentlinesofinformation,suchassedimentfingerprintingdata.Keywordstiledrainage,equifinality
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 25 Purdue University, USA
Session C2: Database and GIS Application and Development
WEPP Model Background, Status, and Current ProjectsDennisC.Flanagan ,JamesR.Frankenberger1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractTheWaterErosionPredictionProject(WEPP)modelhasbeendevelopedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)since1985.Thecompletevalidatedanddocumentedmodelwasfirstpubliclyreleasedin1995,andthecodeismaintainedbytheUSDA-AgriculturalResearchService,NationalSoilErosionResearchLaboratory(NSERL),withupdatesevery2-3years.WEPPisaprocess-basedmodelthatwasdesignedtoestimaterunoff,soillossandsedimentyieldfromhillslopeprofilesaswellasfromsmallfield-andfarm-scalewatershedsuptoabout300hectaresinsize.ImportantphysicalprocessesmodeledbyWEPPincludeinfiltration,runoff,percolation,evapotranspiration,detachmentbyraindropsandbyflowingwater,sedimenttransport,sedimentdeposition,plantgrowth,residuedecomposition,tillagedisturbanceandsoilconsolidation,channelerosion,anddepositioninimpoundments.Inadditiontothesciencemodel(writteninFortran),avarietyofdatabasesandinterfaceprogramshavealsobeencreated,rangingfromstand-alonedesktopPCsoftware,toweb-browserbasedgeospatialwatershedsimulationtools.ThispresentationwillprovidebackgroundinformationonWEPP,currentmodelstatusanddevelopmentefforts,andimplementationprojectswithcooperatingagencies,includingtheUSDA-ForestService,USDA-NaturalResourcesConservationService,andIowaStateUniversity.
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 26 Purdue University, USA
Session C2: Database and GIS Application and Development
Web-Based Expected Inundation Mapping Using Swat and HEC-RAS ModelsNarendraKumarTiwary ,AshokKumarKeshri ,SanjayKumarSrivastava1. Professor,Research,ARP&PIM,WaterandLandManagementInstitute,Patna,Bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,IIT,Delhi.3. Reader,WaterandLandManagementInstitute,Patna,Bihar,India.AbstractTherehavebeenmanydisastersduetofloodsinthehistoryoftheentireworld.Forexample,the1998floodsinBangladeshandthefloodinginFrancein1992havecausedseveredamagetolifeandproperty.Indiawitnesseseveryyearthatmillionsofpeoplearehomelessduetofloods.Itisoneoftheworstflood-affectedcountriesbeingthesecondintheworldafterBangladeshandaccountsforonefifthofglobaldeathcountduetofloods.InSeptember2014,heavyrainfallcentredontheNorthIndianstateofJammuandKashmircauseddevastatingfloodsandlandslidesinthecountry'sworstnaturaldisastersincethe1944KashmirFloodDisaster.Morethan700peoplewerepresumeddead.Destructionofbridgesandroadsleftaboutmorethan100,000pilgrimsandtouriststrappedinthevalleys.BiharisIndia'smostflood-proneStatewith76percentofthepopulationinthenorthlivingundertherecurringthreatofflooddevastation.PlainsofnorthBiharhaverecordedthehighestnumberoffloodsduringthelast30years.WaterResourceDepartment,Govt.ofBihar,IndiarealizedtheneedfordevelopingfloodwarningsystemforriversofnorthBiharandhasalreadyinitiatedprojectsrelatedtorealtimefloodforecasting.Thefinalformofoutputthatisrequiredbythesocietyistheinundationthatshalltakeplaceonaccountoftheforecastedflood.Thisinformationisrequiredinatemporalandspatialmanner.Thispaperaimstodevelopasystemtocollaborateonwebforexchangeofdataacquiredwithhelpofmodernequipmentsandradarsforpredictingexpectedinundationmuchearlier.SWATandHEC-RASmodelshavebeenusedtodevelopaweb-basedfloodmanagementinformationnetworktosimulateexpectedfloodinundationmaps.HEC-RASinconjunctionwithHEC-Geo-RASisusedforhydrodynamicroutingandexpectedinundationmapping.HEC-Geo-RASwasusedtoextractGISdataforHEC-RASruns.ThemainobjectiveoftheHEC-RASprogramistocomputewatersurfaceelevationsatalllocationsofinterest,byroutinghydrographsthroughthesystem.ThesimulationmodelcreatesanimportfileasinputtoHEC-RAS.AftersuccessfulrunningofHEC-RASmodel,longitudinalwatersurfaceprofileandwatersurfaceateachcrosssectionareobtained.ForinundationmappingtheHEC-Geo-RASmodelcreatestriangularirregularnetwork(TIN)modelusingtheSRTMDEMtakingheightasdatasource.ATINisasetofelevationpointswhichhavebeenconnectedtoformanetworkoftriangles.TheTINmodulewasusedforterrainmodelling,automatedbasindelineationanddrainageanalysis.FloodeventsoftheBagmatiriverbasinofBihar,India,havebeensimulatedusinghydro-meteorologicaldatadownloadedfromwebsiteswww.imdaws,www.hydrology.gov.npandwww.fmis.bih.nic.Floodhydrographs,forecastedbymodifiedSWATmodelfor2002,2004,2012,2013and2015floodeventswereusedasinitialandboundaryconditionsforunsteadyflowsimulationsbyHEC-RASmodel.ExpectedinundationmapsweregeneratedbyHEC-Geo-RAS.SimulatedwaterlevelswereinagreementwithmeasuredvaluesandpredictedinundationmapswerealsomatchingwithobservedmapsderivedfromRADARSATimageries.
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 27 Purdue University, USA
Session C2: Database and GIS Application and Development
A Tool to Preprocess the National Soil Database of Canada for SWAT2012GetnetBetrie ,BaoqingDeng ,JunyeWang1. AthabascaUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AthabascaUniversity.3. AthabascaUniversity.AbstractAmanualpreparationofausersoildatabaseforlarge-scaleSWATmodelsisnotonlydaunting,butalsoanerror-pronetask.ThispaperpresentsthedevelopmentofanautomatictoolthatpreprocessesausersoildatabasefromtheNationalSoilDatabase(NSDB)ofCanada.TheNSDBconsistsofpolygonattributetable(PAT),soilnametable(SNT),andsoillayertable(SLT).ThePATcontainsattributessuchaspolygonarea,perimeterandtheirpolygonid.TheSNTdescribesthephysicalandchemicalparametersofsoilsthatarestoredininthePAT.TheSLTcontainsinformationwhichvariesinaverticaldirectionforeachsoilstoredinthePAT.ThetoolhasthecapabilitytoextracttherequireddatasetsfromtheNSDBintoSWAT2012format,appendthedatasetsintoausersoildatabase,andproduceaGISsoilmap.TheapplicabilityofthistoolisdemonstratedintheAthabascaRiverBasin,Alberta,Canada.KeywordsSWAT,AthabascaRiverBasin,Usersoil,Arctool
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 28 Purdue University, USA
Session C2: Database and GIS Application and Development
Development of Climate and Management Data to Support SWAT ModelingEfforts in the USMikeWhite1. AgriculturalEngineerARS/USDA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractWaterqualitysimulationmodelssuchastheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)arewidelyusedintheUS.Thesemodelsrequirelargeamountsofspatialandtabulardatatosimulatethenaturalworld,includingclimateandmanagementinformation.Accurateandseamlessdailyclimaticdataarecriticalforaccuratedepictionofthehydrologiccycle.Likewise,theassemblageofsuitablemanagementdata(operationscheduling,fertilizationapplicationrates,andplantgrowthparameterization)isalsocritical.Intheresearch,wedevelopnationaldatabasesfordailyclimateandmanagementinSWATformatusingexistingNOAAandUSDAdatasources.ThesedataarecompatiblewithexistingSWATinterfaces,andrelativelyeasytouse.Bothdatasetswerepublishedfreelyonline.KeywordsClimate,Management
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 29 Purdue University, USA
Session C3: Model Development
Scheduling field operations as a function of temperature, soil moisture, andavailable resourcesClaireBaffaut ,MichaelStrauch1. Researchhydrologist,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZ.
AbstractSchedulingfieldoperationsinSWATcanbedonebyspecifyingfixeddatesorbyusingtheheatunitindex,whichconsiderstemperatureconstraints.However,soilmoistureandlaborrequirementscanalsolimittheabilityoffarmoperatorstoperformfieldoperationsattheoptimaltime.TheSWAT2012version635codewasmodifiedtointroducetheseconstraints.Soilmoisturewasconstrainedbyauser-definedmaximumfractionoffieldcapacity.Laborconstraintswererepresentedbylimitingfieldworkinthewatershedto1/14 ofthewatershedworkedarea,i.e.,agriculturalland,pasture,andmanagedforests.Thismeansthatintheabsenceofotherfieldworkandassumingthatmoistureorrainwouldnotintroduceanydelay,afieldoperationcanbecompletedthroughoutthewatershedwithintwoweeks.ThisalgorithmwastestedintheGoodwaterCreekExperimentalWatershed,inNortheastMissouribycomparingsimulatedplantingdatesofcornandsoybeansto15yearsofplantingprogressrecords(1992-2006).Onaverage,themodelpredictedplantedamountsofsoybeansandcornequaltothoserecordedwithin1dayoftherecordeddatesforsoybeansand7daysforcorn.Differenceswerelargeratthebeginningandendoftheplantingperiods.Resultsindicatedtheneedforacutoffdatebeyondwhichthesecropsareabandonedandthelandisleftfallow.Schedulingfieldoperationsasafunctionoftemperature,moisture,andavailableresourceswillbeusefulwhenoperationtimingisnotwellknown,e.g.largeriverbasins,scenariosanalyses,orclimatechangestudies.KeywordsFieldoperations,management,scheduling,temperaturesoilmoisture
*1 2
th
2015 SWAT Conference 30 Purdue University, USA
Session C3: Model Development
Defining and Integrating Spatiotemporal Agricultural Land Managementinto the Soil and Water Assessment ToolAdamFreihoefer ,TomBeneke ,AaronRuesch1. Hydrologist,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Hydrologist,CadmusGroup,Inc..3. WaterQualityModeler,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.
AbstractLandcoverandlandmanagementareimportantcomponentsintheevaluationofhydrologicandwater-qualityresponsemodelsusedtodevelopawatershed-basedTotalMaximumDailyLoad(TMDL).TheSoilandWaterAssessmentToolisawatershedresponsemodelusedtodevelopTMDLsduetothemodel’sabilitytoaccountforspatiotemporallandcoverandmanagement.Accountingforheterogeneousmanagementactivitiescandirectlyimpactthedrivingforcesbehindwatershedresponsemodelsincludingcurvenumberhydrologyandphosphoruscyclingandsubsequentlycanplayanimportantroleinpollutantallocations.TheWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasdevelopedamethodologythatincorporatesgeospatialdataandanalysis,countyLandandWaterConservationstaffknowledge,andfield-collecteddatasuchastransectsurveystodefineagriculturalmanagement.Thelandcoverandmanagementrefinementmethodologywasappliedtoagriculturallandcoverwithinthe23,714squarekilometerUpperWisconsinRiverBasin(UWRB).Theresultisaspatiallayerthatdefinesspatiotemporalvariabilityofagriculturallandmanagement,particularlyrotation,tillage,andnutrientapplicationforall64.75-hectareagriculturalplotsthroughouttheUWRBbetween2002and2013.ThismethodologyprovidesarefinedapproachthatcanbeusedatlargescalestosupportTMDLdevelopment,provideaplatformforupfrontparticipationfromstakeholders,andfacilitateTMDLimplementation.KeywordsSWATModelDevelopment,Agriculture,TMDL,GIS
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 31 Purdue University, USA
Session C3: Model Development
Using a Single HRU SWAT Model to Examine and Improve Representationof Field-Scale ProcessesColleenMoloney ,CibinRaj ,JaneFrankenberger ,IndrajeetChaubey1. ResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-DoctoralResesarcher,PurdueUniversity.3. Professor,PurdueUniversity.4. Professor,PurdueUniversity.
AbstractAsawatershed-scalemodel,SWATaggregatestheoutputsfromindividualHRUs,whereavastnumberofindividualhydrologicandnutrientprocessesaresimulated.WhilesomeoftheseHRU-levelprocessesandassociatedparametershavebeenthoroughlytested,othershavebeenassumedfromtheoryorfromlimitedfielddata.Asresearchadvances,newstrategiesarebeingdevelopedforthesimulationofHRUprocesses,andthesenewalgorithmsandparametervaluesneedtobetestedwithdatathatareusuallycollectedonindividualplotsorfields.SimulatingasingleHRUisthemostefficientmethodforthisevaluationusingplot-scaleorfield-scalemeasurements,toavoidtheeffectsbeingmaskedbyaggregatingoutputsintosubbasins.Inthispresentation,wewilldemonstratehowasingle-HRUmodelcanbecreatedbymanipulatingArcSWAToutput,andpresenttwoexampleswheresuchamodelhasproveduseful:(1)evaluatingandmodifyingthetiledrainroutinesusingfield-scaledrainagedata,and(2)improvingbioenergycropgrowthsimulationusingplantgrowthmeasurementsonsmallplots.Thesingle-HRUmodelshaveallowedrapidandefficientevaluationsofimprovedalgorithms.KeywordsSWATModel,Field-Scale,BioenergyCrops,TileDrainage
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 32 Purdue University, USA
Session C3: Model Development
Hillslope hydrology modifications for better representation of variablesource areas: SWAT-HillslopeSoniPradhanang ,LinhHoang ,ElliotSchneiderman ,TammoSteenhuis1. AssistantProfessor,UniversityofRhodeIsland.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Postdoc,InstituteforSustainableCities,CUNY.3. SeniorScientist,NYCDEP.4. Professor,CornellUniversity.
AbstractInhillylandscapesintemperateandtropicalhumidclimatesaperchedaquiferformingabovearelativelyimpervioussoillayerplaysamajorroleinthehydrology,transmittingsubsurfaceflowlaterallythroughthehillslope,controllingsoilsaturationastheperchedwatertableapproachesthesurface,providingwaterforplantuse,andinfluencingbiogeochemicaltransformationsrelatedtosaturatedconditionsinsoils.Inthisstudy,adynamicperchedaquiferandassociatedwatertablehavebeenaddedtotheSWATmodelusingthestatisticallydynamic(SD)approachusedinTOPMODELandotherhillslopehydrologymodels.Astheperchedwatertablerisesandfallssaturatedareascorrespondinglyexpandandcontract,andsaturation-excessoverlandflowisgeneratedasprecipitationandsnowmeltthatfallsonthesaturatedsoils.Theperchedaquiferistreatedasanon-linearreservoirthatcangeneraterapidsubsurfacestormflowasthewatertablerises,withreturnflowoccurringinthesaturatedareas.ThemodifiedSWAT-Hillslopemodeladoptsthevariablebucketapproachformodelingsoilwaterstoragecapacity.Upto10subareascategorizedaswetnessclassesofincreasingcapacityareidentifiedbasedonlandscapepositionandincorporatedintothedelineationofHRUs,andthespecifiedareasandmaximumcapacitiesofthewetnessclassesrepresenttheparameterizationofstoragecapacitydistributionforthecatchment.TheteststudyinTownBrookWatershedintheCatskillMountainsofNewYorkispresentedinthispaper.KeywordsSWAT-hillslope,saturatedareas,hydrology,watertable
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 33 Purdue University, USA
Session D1: Western Lake Erie Basin
Shaping Lake Erie Agriculture Nutrient Management through a Multi-ModelApproachMargaretKalcic ,RebeccaMuenich ,DonaldScavia ,NoelAloysius ,JeffreyArnold ,JayAtwood ,ChelsieBoles ,RemegioConfessor ,JosephDePinto ,MarieGildow ,JayMartin ,ToddRedder ,DaleRobertson ,ScottSowa,MichaelWhite ,HawYen1. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.3. UniversityofMichiganGrahamSustainabilityInstitute.4. TheOhioStateUniversity.5. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.6. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.7. LimnoTech.8. HeidelbergUniversityNationalCenterforWaterQualityResearch.9. LimnoTech.10. TheOhioStateUniversity.11. TheOhioStateUniversity.12. LimnoTech.13. UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.14. TheNatureConservancy.15. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.16. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.
AbstractHarmfulalgalblooms(HABs)havebecomeendemictothewesternbasinofLakeErie.ThecyanobacteriaMicrocystisspp.producestoxinsthatposeseriousthreatstoanimalandhumanhealth,resultinginbeachclosuresandimpairedwatersupplies,andevenforcingatemporaryshutdownoftheCityofToledowatersystemforseveraldaysin2014.ThemaindriverofwesternLakeErieHABsishighphosphorus(P)loadingfromagriculturalwatershedsdrainingtothewesternbasin,particularlytheMaumeeRiverwatershed(Maumee).Throughthe2012GreatLakesWaterQualityAgreement,thegovernmentsoftheU.S.andCanadaagreedtoreviseLakeEriePloadingtargetstodecreaseHABseveritybelowlevelsrepresentingahazardtoecosystemandhumanhealth.TheGreatLakespolicycommunitywillsoonbefacedwithdeterminingwhatpolicyoptionsaremosteffectiveandfeasibletoaddressthisissue.Tobetterinformthepolicycommunity,aninterdisciplinaryteamofpolicy-makersandwatershedmodelerswasbroughttogetherinorderto(1)spatiallydescribePloadingfromtheMaumee,(2)identifypotentialstrategiestoreducePfromtheMaumee,(3)evaluatetheimpactoftheidentifiednutrientmanagementstrategiesusingmultiplewatershedmodels,and(4)communicatetheresultsofthescenariostotheagriculturalandmanagementcommunitiesinordertobetterinformpolicy.Keywordsharmfulalgalblooms,MaumeeRiverwatershed,phosphorus,WesternLakeErieBasin,multi-modelapproach
*1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16
2015 SWAT Conference 34 Purdue University, USA
Session D1: Western Lake Erie Basin
Bringing SWAT to stakeholders to explore conservation scenariodevelopment in the Western Lake Erie BasinMargaretKalcic ,NathanBosch ,RebeccaMuenich ,ChristineKirchhoff ,AllisonSteiner ,MichaelMurray ,FrankLopez ,DonaldScavia1. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. CenterforLakes&Streams;GraceCollege.3. UniversityofMichigan.4. UniversityofConnecticut.5. UniversityofMichigan.6. NationalWildlifeFederation.7. OldWomanCreekNationalEstuarineResearchReserve.8. UniversityofMichigan.
AbstractSeasonalhypoxiaandharmfulalgalbloomsinLakeEriehavebeenlinkedtoelevatedphosphorusloadingfromitswesternbasin,andparticularlydeliveredfromagriculturalrunoffintheMaumeeRiverwatershed.Historicdecreasesintotalphosphorusloadingledtoshort-termecologicalimprovementsinthelake,butrisingfractionsofsolublereactivephosphorusarelargelyblamedforitsmorerecentworseningcondition.Manysuspectthisriseinsolublephosphorusisduetowidespreadadoptionofno-tillageonfarmlandsartificiallydrainedbysubsurfacetiles,andthereisinterestindesigningconservationscenarioscapableofcounter-actingthistrend.InthisstudyweconsultedwithstakeholdersintheWesternLakeEriebasintodesignsuchconservationscenariosfocusingonpracticesrelatedtonutrientmanagement,soilerosion,andartificialdrainage.IninitialworkshopswepresentedthecapabilitiesofSWATforimplementingconservationscenariosandassessingtheirimpactonnutrientandsedimentloadingtoLakeErie,andstakeholdersaidedmodelersindevelopingscenariosofinteresttotheconservationandagriculturalcommunities.Weranthesescenariosanddeliveredresultsbacktothesestakeholdersinfollow-upworkshops.Wearestillassessingthefullimpactofconservationdeliveredatvaryingratesofadoptioninconjunctionwithregionalclimatechange.KeywordsSWAT,scenarios,agriculturalconservation,BMPs,MaumeeRiverWatershed,stakeholderengagement
*1 2 3 4 5 67 8
2015 SWAT Conference 35 Purdue University, USA
Session D1: Western Lake Erie Basin
Visualizing alternative pathways for reducing phosphorus loads into LakeErieRebeccaMuenich ,MargaretKalcic ,DonScavia1. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.3. GrahamFamilyProfessorofSustainabilityandDirectoroftheGrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.
AbstractThewesternbasinofLakeEriehasseenaresurgenceofharmfulalgalbloomsinrecentyears.ThemaindriverofHABshasbeenshowntobeelevatedphosphorus(P)loadscomingfromthewatershedsthatdrainintothewesternbasin.OfparticularimportanceistheMaumeeRiverWatershed(MRW),whichhasbeenshowntobethemainHABdriver.Ploadingtargets,recommendedintheGreatLakesWaterQualityAgreement,havebeendevelopedtokeepPlevelslowenoughtopreventHABs.DespitesignificantworkdesignedtoinformthesetargetloadsforLakeErie,lessworkhasbeendonetoidentifywhatpolicyandmanagementdirectivesareneededtoachievethosetargets.OurgoalwastotesttheeffectsofextremelandmanagementscenariosonphosphorusloadstoLakeErie.ThesescenarioshighlightsomeconstraintsonphosphorusloadreductionsthatcanbeachievedfromchangesinMaumeeRiverWatershed(MRW)managementstrategies.WeevaluatetheeffectsonMRWphosphorusloadsundervariousnutrientmanagementstrategiesincludingstoppingallfertilizerapplicationsandimplantingextremeagriculturalmanagementchanges.TheresultsindicatethateveniffertilizerapplicationonagriculturallandsintheMRWceasedentirely,itmaytakedecadestoseedesireddecreasesinphosphorusloads.ScenariosresultsalsoindicatethattherearesomepotentialactionsthatcanbetakenintheMRWandpotentiallyotherWesternLakeErieBasinwatershedstoreducephosphorusloadsintoLakeErie.Keywordsharmfulaglalblooms,MaumeeRiver,phosphorus,WBLE
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 36 Purdue University, USA
Session D2: BMPs
Investigating impacts of BMPs and land use on water quality for sustainablebioenergy productionMiaeHa ,MayWu1. PostdoctoralAppointee,ArgonneNationalLaboratory.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PrincipalEnvironmentalSystemAnalyst,ArgonneNationalLaboratory.
AbstractNonpointsourcepollutionisanissueforagriculturalfieldsduetonitrogenandphosphorusfromfertilizerandlivestockintheMidwest.Landmanagementstrategiesplayimportantrolesinsustainablebiofuelfeedstockproductionwhileminimizingimpactsoflandusechangesonhydrologyandwaterquality.Environmentalsustainabilityofcellulosicbiofuelfeedstockproductionwasconsideredtomaintainwaterresourcesofanintegratedlandscapingmanagementstrategy,throughcurrentlanduseandlandmanagement,croppingsystem,andagriculturalBestManagementPractices(BMPs).Cellulosicbiofuelfeedstockproductioninalandscapedesignincorporatinglowproductivitylandwasconvertedtohighbiomassproductioncropsuchasswitchgrass.AgriculturalBMPsimplementationandsourcereductioninvariouscombinationsweretestedtoinvestigatevarioussedimentandnutrientloadreductionstrategiesinawatershedinIowa,includingriparianbufferandwintercovercropapplication.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulateproposedlandscapedesign,riparianbufferandresidueharvest/ryeapplicationsonsediment,nutrientloadings,andhydrologicalperformanceatwatershedscale.ResultsindicatethattheeffectivelandscapedesignandBMPsoncurrentagriculturallandcanpotentiallybringmarkedimprovementsinwaterqualityandsoilerosioncontrolwhileproducingfoodandfuelfeedstockintheSouthForkIowaRiverwatershed.Theconceptcanbeintegratedwithotherwatershedmanagementprogramstoimprovesustainabilityofland,water,andecosystem.KeywordsBMPs,Landscapedesignandmanagement,switchgrass,sediment,nutrient,bioenergyproduction
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 37 Purdue University, USA
Session D2: BMPs
Best management practices for reducing nutrient loads in a sub-watershedof Chesapeake BayTamieVeith ,M.G.MostofaAmin,AmyCollick,HeatherKarsten1. agriculturalengineer,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractWaterqualityimprovementintheChesapeakeBayisagraveconcern.Aninitiativetoreducethenutrientloadstostreamhasbeenundertakentoattainatargettotalmaximumdailyload(TMDL)atChesapeakeBay.Ageneralguidelinewithasetofbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)hasbeeninplacefortheChesapeakewatershedstatestobeimplementedfortheTMDLgoal.TheChesapeakewatershedstateshavebeendirectedtosub-dividetheallocationsoftheTMDLbylocalareas,butformoreeffectiveallocationsoftheBMPsafield-scaleimplementationplanisneeded.SpringCreekwatershedofCentreCounty,PennsylvaniawaschoseninthisstudyforinvestigatingtheeffectivenessoftheBMPsandderivinganimplementationplanusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).TheSWATmodeliscapableofassessingtheeffectsoffield-scaleBMPsonwatersheddischargeestimatesunderinter-annualandseasonalvariationsoftemperatureandprecipitation.Recordedweatherandstreamflowdata,and10-mdigitalelevationmaps,andSSURGOsoildatawereusedtocalibrateandvalidatethemodel.Sincebase-flowisamajorcomponentofstreamflowinSpringCreek,themostsensitivecalibrationparametersaffectingmodelperformancewerebase-flowfactor,curvenumber,andsurfacewatertogroundwatertransportdelayfactor.ThemodeladequatelydescribedhydrologicprocesseswithaNash-Sutcliffecoefficientof0.76andacoefficientofdeterminationof0.75.Themodelhasfinallybeenusedtoprepareasetofeffectivefield-scaleBMPstocut20%ofthenutrientloadsasallocatedforthewatershedby2025.Thenextstepwillbeinassessingfield-levelcost-effectivenessoftheBMPs.Keywordsbestmanagementpractices,field-scale,ChesapeakeBay,TMDL,WIP
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 38 Purdue University, USA
Session D2: BMPs
Using GIS Technology to Inform Watershed Modeling and ConservationPractice Implementation at the Local LevelTimothyErickson ,AndrewKessler ,JeremiahJazdzewski ,MarkDeutschman1. ProfessionalEngineer,HoustonEngineerInc.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Scientist,HoustonEngineeringInc.3. ProfessionalEngineer,HoustonEngineerInc.4. ProfessionEngineer/VP,HoustonEngineeringInc.
AbstractWatershedmodelssuchasSWATandHSPFareoftenusedtoprovideinformationneededtoguidewaterqualitymanagementdecisionsatthewatershedandregionalscales.Thesedecisionsincludeprovidingestimatesoftheloadreductionsassociatedwiththeimplementationofconservationpractices.However,localpractitionersresponsibleforselectingandimplementingon-the-groundconservationpracticesoftenlackthetechnicalresourcesneededtoutilizemodeloutputstoinformdecisionsaboutthelocations,numbersandwaterqualitybenefitsofthepracticesneededtomeetwaterqualitygoals.Theuseandadvanceprocessingofhighresolutiontopographicdata(i.e.collectedusingLiDARtechnology)providesanopportunitytotargetpracticesatfinerscalesandinformwatershedmodelingefforts.ThispresentationwillhighlighthowthePrioritize,Target,andMeasureApplication(PTMApp)hasbeendevelopedasanArcGIStoolbartoidentifyfieldscalelocationsthataresuitableforconservationpractices,andestimatetheirresultingloadreductions(nitrogen,phosphorus,andsediment)todownstreamlakesandrivers.KeywordsBMPs,TerrianAnalysis,GIS,LiDAR,ImplementationStrategies
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 39 Purdue University, USA
Session D3: Environmental Applications
Challenges defining functional evaluation of an ungauged headwaterwetland in coastal ALRasikaRamesh ,LatifKalin ,MehdiRezaeianzadeh ,MohamedHantush ,ChrisAnderson1. PhDStudent,AuburnUniversity.2. Professor,AuburnUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. PhDStudent,AuburnUniversity.4. Scientist,USEPA.5. AssociateProfessor,AuburnUniversity.
AbstractInthisstudy,weevaluatedthewaterqualityandflowmitigationcapabilityofrelativelyunderstudiedheadwaterwetlandsystemslocatedinsouthAlabama’scoastalplainregion.ForthisweexploredtheuseofSWATcoupledwithawetlandnutrientcyclingmodelcalledWetQual.Observedflowandnutrientdataforthestudyheadwaterwetlandexistsforfirstflusheventsovera5-monthperiodfromAug2013throughJanuary2014.Duetolackofcontinuousdata,weusedSWATtosimulatedaily-scalewetlandinputswhichwerecalibratedwithobserveddata.SWAThasbeenpreviouslycalibratedforwatershedsintheregionsuchasthoseoftheFishRiver,MagnoliaRiverandtheWolfRiver;modelparametersfromthesestudieswereusedforthepurposesofourstudy.WhenwecomparedSWATsimulatedwatershedflowstothewetlandwithobserveddataweobservedthatSWATgreatlyunderestimatedtheextentofgroundwatercontributionstothewetland.Thisstudyoutlinesourchallengesinfiguringoutthebestwaytocouplethesemodelswhilestillgeneratingecologicallyrelevantunderstandingoftheheadwaterwetlandsnutrientmitigationcapabilities.BaldwinCounty,AL,hasseenafastriseincoastaldevelopment,andthistrendisexpectedtocontinuesignificantlyinthefuture.Thisimperilsheadwaterstreamsandwetlandswhichoccurnumerouslyonthislandscape.WiththeGulfofMexicoalreadyundergoinglargeproblemswithnutrienteutrophication,assessmentofthefunctioningofthesenumerousheadwatersystemsbecomescriticalinwaterqualityandflowmaintenanceintheregion.Keywordswetland,groundwater,nitrogen
1 *2 3 4 5
2015 SWAT Conference 40 Purdue University, USA
Session D3: Environmental Applications
Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to provide critical spatialinformation about the magnitude of water quality stressors and their effect
on stream biodiversityConorKeitzer ,StuLudsin,ScottSowa,AnthonySasson,MattHerbert,GustAnnis,AugustFroelich,CarrieVolmer-Sanders,JeffArnold,MikeWhite,HawYen,PrasadDaggaputi,LeeNorfleet,Mari-VaughnJohnson,JayAtwood,CharlieRewa1. PostdoctoralResearcher,OhioStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractNon-pointsource(NPS)pollutionisamajordriverofstreamdegradationandthreatensvaluablecoastalecosystems.Despitewidespreadawarenessofthisissue,conditionsinmanyareascontinuetoworsen.OnefactorlimitingeffectiveNPSpollutionmanagementisthelackofinformationatfinespatialresolutionsacrossbroadspatialextents.Inparticular,detailedspatialinformationabouttheeffectsofNPSpollutiononbiodiversityislacking.Thisspatialinformationisintegraltoallocatinglimitedresourcesstrategically.Wedevelopedahydrologicmodelatthe1:100,000-scaleusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTooltoassesswaterqualityconditionsinWesternLakeErietributaries.Welinkedthiswaterqualitydatatoobservedfishcommunitydata,whichwereavailableforasubsetofthewatershed,todevelopmodelsoffishcommunityresponsestowaterqualitystressors.Wethenforecastedbiologicalconditionsacrossthewholewatershed.Wefoundthatdependingonthefishmetricconsidered,between3%and29%ofthewatershedishighlylimitedbywaterquality.Weattributebetween72%and100%ofthisimpairmenttoagriculturallygeneratedNPSpollution.Importantly,theamountofimpairmentvariedamongsubwatersheds,oftencharacterizedbypositivelyskewedorlognormalprobabilitydistributions.Weusedtheseskeweddistributionstoidentifyprioritywatershedsforconservationactionacrossmultiplespatialscales.Bycouplinghydrologicalandbiologicalmodels,wecanprovidecriticalspatialinformationabouttheeffectsofNPSpollutiononstreambiodiversity.Thisspatialinformationisessentialforeffectiveconservationwithlimitedresources.Keywordsbioticintegrity,watershedconservation,nutrients,suspendedsediment,river
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 41 Purdue University, USA
Session D3: Environmental Applications
Development of a Distributed TMDL Allocation in Liangzi Lake Basin UsingSWAT Model and Water Quality ModelYongguiWang ,WanshunZhang ,BinLuo ,ShuanglingWang ,ShengyuanWang1. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,PRChina.2. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,PRChina.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. HubeiEnvironmentMonitoringCenter,Wuhan430072,PRChina.4. CollegeofOceanandMeteorology,GuangdongOceanUniversity,Zhanjiang,Guangdong524088,PRChina.5. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,PRChina.
AbstractTheLiangziLakeistheimportantecologicalwatersourcesandoneofthebiggestfreshwaterlakeinHubeiprovince,China.Therearesevenrivers,includingGaoqiaoRiver,XujiaguangRiver,JinniuguangRiverandetc.,flowintotheLiangziLakeand16countieswithdifferentsocialdevelopmentlevelthatlocatedintheLiangziLakebasin.Thenon-pointsource(NPS)isthemainpollutionsourceinLiangziLakerecently,inwhichthedisorderedagriculturalstructureandnostandardsfertilizationhavebecomemainfactorsthatdamagestheenvironmentofLiangziLake.TocontroltheNPS,researchesabouttheallocationtotalofcontaminationsareurgentneed.Thetotalmaximumdailyload(TMDL)isoneofthemostimportantprogramonthetotalpollutantcontrol,whichhasgreatsignificanceforcontrollingpollutantdischarge,distributingtotalamountandprotectingtheenvironment.ToprotecteandimprovetheenvironmentinLiangziLake,thispaperpresentedtheTMDLinLiangziLakebasedontheSWATmodelandthewaterqualitymodelforlake.ForTMDLplan,themainprocessesarecalculatingtheexternalloadings,computinginternalloadingandanalyzingthemarginofsafety(MOS).Inthispaper,theSWATmodelhasbeenusedforNPSmodeling(asexternalloadings).TheCOD,TN,TPhavebeenselectedastheallocationfactorsforTMDLandtheLiangziLakebasinhasbeendividedintosevensub-basinsand16administrationcellsaccordingtoitsriverstructure.Thetwodimensionalmodelhasbeenusedforwaterqualitysimulationinthelake(astheinternalloading)withusingtheresultsoftheSWATmodelastheboundaryintakeconditions.Withthesesimulationresults,theprimaryallocationandsecondaryallocationofTMDLinLiangzilakebasinhavebeendone.TheresultsshowsthatthepollutantloadsinLiangziLakeneedredistributionandshouldbecutdown.Inwhich,thepollutantloadsfromGaoqiaoriversub-basinshouldbecutdown40%,andtheXujiaguangsub-basinshouldbecutdown30%,whiletheotherfivesub-basinsremainingdon’tneedabatement.TheSWATmodelcoupledwiththewaterqualitymodelaregoodtoolsforTMDLprogram.KeywordsTMDLAllocation,SWAT,WaterQualityModel,LaingziLake
1 *2 3 4 5
2015 SWAT Conference 42 Purdue University, USA
Session E1: Western Lake Erie Basin
Large-scale, NHDPlus Resolution Watershed Modeling in the Western LakeErie Basin Using SWATHawYen ,MichaelWhite ,S.ConorKeitzer ,PrasadDaggupati ,Mari-VaughnJohnson ,MatthewHerbert ,JeffreyArnold ,ScottSowa1. AssistantResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.3. PostdoctoralFellow,OhioStateUniversity.4. AssistantResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.5. Agronomist,USDA-NRCS.6. AquaticEcologist,TheNatureConservancy.7. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.8. DirectorofScience,TheNatureConservancy.
AbstractInrecentyears,increasinglylargeamountsofmeasureddataareavailableforscientistsandengineerstoconductanalysesandwatershed-scalesimulationsonchallengingtopics,suchaswaterresourcesallocation,sedimenttransport,andpollutioncontrol.Toenhancethequalityofmodelpredictions,bothtemporalobservationdata(HardData)andintra-watershedbehavior(SoftData)areconsideredduringthemodelcalibration/validationprocedure.Inaddition,applicationoffinerresolutiondataisoneofthealternativesenablingmodelingprojectstobemorerepresentative.Inthisstudy,Soft/HardDataareincorporatedwiththestate-of-the-artNationalHydrographyDataset(NHDPlus)tosimulatehydrologic,sediment,andnutrientprocessesintheWesternLakeErieBasin(WLEB).Inaddition,conservationscenariosaresimulated,alongsidepredictedpotentialcostsassociatedwithscenarioimplementation.Theresultsindicatethatincreasedinvestmentscouldprovidebetterperformanceintermsofreducingnutrientandsedimentloads.However,casescenarioswithhigherinvestmentcosts,suchasNutrientManagement,maybelessfeasibleintherealworldbecauseavailablefinancialresourcesarepotentiallylimited.Therefore,casescenariowithsomeefficacyandlesscost(e.g.,ErosionControl)maybetheprimaryrecommendationinpractice.KeywordsNHDPlus;SoftData;Modelcalibration;IPEAT;SWAT
*1 2 3 4 5 67 8
2015 SWAT Conference 43 Purdue University, USA
Session E1: Western Lake Erie Basin
Analyzing the Variability of Water, Sediment and Nutrient Fluxes within anAgricultural Watershed to Identify Nutrient “Hotspots”NoelAloysius ,MarieGildow ,JayMartin1. PostdoctoralResearchScientist,OhioStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchAssociate,OhioStateUniversity.3. Professor,OhioStateUniversity.
AbstractApproximately50%ofsuspendedsolidsandnutrientsaredeliveredtoWesternLakeEriefromtheagriculturallydominatedMaumeeRiverWatershed(MRW[JM1]).Croppingpatterns,soils,subsurfacedrainage,changingweatherpatternsandrunoffpotentialhavebeenidentifiedasmajornaturalandhumanfactorsimpactingnutrientdeliverytotheLake.Although,nutrientdynamicsattheMRoutletarewell-studiedanddocumentedthroughmonitoringandmodeling,thespatialandtemporaldynamicswithintheMRWarepoorlyunderstood.Spatialvariabilityinsoils,croppingandlocalstormpatternsheavilyinfluencerunoffpotentialfromvarioussub-watersheds.Identifyingareas,orsub-watersheds,withhighrunoffpotentialthatareamajorsourceforsuspendedsolidsandnutrients,wouldbeextremelyhelpfultoguidetheapplicationofbestmanagementplans(BMPs).Forthisreason,weperformedamulti-sitecalibrationandvalidationofaMRWSoilWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modeltoevaluatethespatialandtemporalvariabilityofwaterandnutrientfluxeswithintheMRW.FlowcalibrationwascompletedatninestreamflowlocationsandvalidatedatthirteenlocationswithinMRW.Waterqualityparameters(suspendedsolids,totalandreactivephosphorusandnitrate-nitrogen)werecalibratedattheoutletofMRandvalidatedatthreeinternallocations.Initialresultsindicatethattheinterannualvariabilityofstreamflowsaregreatestatgagelocationsthatdrainhigh-runoffpotentialareas.Thesepoorly-drainedareaswithintensivecorn-soybeancroprotationsandextensivesubsurfacedrainagecontributelargerproportionsofsurfaceandsubsurfacerunoffandsubsequentlynutrients.Ourfindingsidentifytheneedtounderstandandlocatethehigh-risksourceareaswhendevelopingandimplementingbestmanagementpracticesfornutrientreductionintheMRW.
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 44 Purdue University, USA
Session E1: Western Lake Erie Basin
Use of a calibrated SWAT model to support best management practice(BMP) evaluations in the Maumee River watershedChelsieBoles ,ToddRedder ,JosephDePinto1. ProjectEngineer,LimnoTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Sr.ProjectEngineer,LimnoTech.3. Sr.Scientist,LimnoTech.
AbstractTheMaumeeSWAT(MASWAT)modelisacalibrated,HUC-12scalemodelcoveringthe6,575squaremiledrainageareaoftheMaumeeRiver,alargelyagriculturalbasinlocatedinMichigan,Ohio,andIndianawhichultimatelydrainstotheWesternBasinofLakeErie.WesternBasincyanobacteriabloommodelingworkhasdemonstratedthattheMaumeeRiverspring(March–July)phosphorusloadisthemajordriveroftheHarmfulAlgalBlooms(HABs),promptingtheneedfordevelopmentofBMPstrategiesthatwillaccomplishthenecessarywatershedloadreduction.Therefore,theintendeduseoftheMASWATmodelistheevaluationofbestmanagementpractice(BMP)scenariostodeterminetheirpotentialtoreducespringloadingtothelake.LimnoTechbeganwiththepublicallyavailableEcoforeSWAT2005modeldevelopedbyBoschetal.(2011)andupdatedthedatabaseparameterstoversionSWAT2012.Additionalclimatedatawasprovidedsothemodelwouldrunthrough2014.DetailedagriculturalmanagementdatawasobtainedfromtheARS’sCEAPmodeloftheWLEB.ThesemanagementdatawereaggregatedtoaHUC-08levelandappliedtotheMASWATmodeltoprovideamoreaccuraterepresentationofmanagementpracticesacrossthewatershed.Finally,themodelwasre-calibratedforthe1998-2010periodforhydrologyusingthenewtiledrainparametersandfornutrientswithafocusonphosphorus.AdditionalcalibrationstationsupstreamofWatervillewereaddedtofurtherconstrainmodelpredictions.Themodelwasthenconfirmedandappliedusingthetimeperiod2005-2014.LimnoTechstaffwillutilizethismodeltosupporttheUniversityofMichigan’sWaterCenterintheirWesternBasinLakeErieScenarioprojectwork.Inthisproject,asuiteoffiveSWATmodelswithharmonizedbaselineclimateinputsandanapplicationoftheSPARROWmodelwillbeemployedtopredictwatershedresponsestoavarietyofBMPscenarios,both‘extreme’and‘bundled’.ThispresentationwillhighlighttheresultsofLimnoTech’sMASWATmodelresponsesto‘extreme’BMPscenariosimplementedacrossthewatershed.Resultsforthetimeperiodof2005-2014willfocusontheeffectofactionsontheloadingofphosphorustothelake,theendpointofconcernforthisevaluation.KeywordsSWAT,BMPs,WatershedLoadModeling,LakeErie,Phosphorus
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 45 Purdue University, USA
Session E2: Climate Change Applications
The implications of SWAT parameter equifinality on climate changeprojectionsDarrenFicklin ,BradleyBarnhart1. AssistantProfessor,Dept.ofGeography,IndianaUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Corvallis,Oregon.
AbstractThroughtheuseofGeneralCirculationModel(GCM)outputorclimatesensitivityscenarios,theeffectsofclimatechangeonwaterresourceshavebeenstudiedextensivelythroughouttheworld.ThispresentationwillexaminetheconceptofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)parameterizationuncertaintyorequifinality,wheremanyuniquehydrologicmodelparametersetscanresultinadequatecalibrationandvalidationstatistics,onhydrologicprojectionsfromdownscaledGCMsforthreesnowmelt-dependentwatershedsinthewesternUnitedStates(upperreachesoftheClearwater,Gunnison,andSacramentoRiverwatersheds).Foreachwatershedfivesetsofcalibratedparametersbasedonadequatecalibrationandvalidationstatisticsareassessed.Despitesimilarmodelefficiencystatistics,amajorityofaverageannualstreamflowprojectionsduringthe2080sweresignificantlydifferent,withdifferencesinmagnitude(increaseordecrease)anddirectioncomparedtohistoricalannualstreamflows.Attheaveragemonthlytimestep,amajorityofprojectionsvariedinpeakstreamflowmagnitude/timingandsummerstreamflows,aswellasoverallincreasesordecreasescomparedtothehistoricalmonthlystreamflows.Snowmeltprojectionsalsovaried,bothindepthandsnowmeltpeaktiming,forallwatersheds.Sincealargeportionoftherunoff-producingregionsinthewesternUnitedStates(andmanyotherregionsthroughouttheworld)aresnowmelt-dependent,thishaslargeimplicationsforprojectionsoftheamountandtimingofstreamflowinthecomingcentury.Thisworkshowsthathydrologicmodelparameterizationsthatgivesimilarsatisfactorycalibrationandvalidationstatisticscanleadtostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinhydrologicprojections.Keywordsclimatechange,streamflow,snowmelt,parameteruncertainty,calibration,equifinality
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 46 Purdue University, USA
Session E2: Climate Change Applications
Projecting climate change impacts on surface hydrology of a smallagriculture-dominated watershedSushantMehan ,RamP.Neupane ,SandeepKumar1. GraduateResearchAssistant.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostDocResearchAssociate.3. AssistantProfessor,PlantScience.
AbstractTheSkunkCreekwatershedisanagriculture-dominatedwatershedwherewaterdemandforagriculturalproductionismainlymetbytheflowgeneratedintheSkunkCreek.Therefore,itiscrucialtoestimatefuturewateravailabilityforsustainableagriculturalproductioninthiswatershed.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoprojecttheclimatechangeimpactsonwateravailabilitytoestimatepotentialdroughtperiods.Weusedtheprocess-baseddistributedSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelandcalibratedforaperiodfrom1987-1994withNSEandR valuesas0.84and0.84,respectively,formonthlystreamflowsimulations.ThefutureclimatescenariosweresimulatedusingtheaverageoutputsoftemperatureandprecipitationobtainedfromSpecialReportonEmissionScenarios(SRES)(B1,A1BandA2)ofgeneralcirculationmodels(GCMs)formid-21stcentury.Weestimatedhighersurfacerunoffinallfuturescenariosthatledforhigherstreamdischargeinthebasin.Themaximum(93%)increaseinsurfacerunoffwasestimatedfortheSRES-B1andminimum(38%)wasestimatedwithSRES-A2comparedtobaseline.Similarly,maximum(236%)andminimum(184%)changeinstreamdischargewasestimatedwithSRES-B1andSRES-A2,respectively.However,anegativeincreaseinstreamflowvaluesrangingfrom4-90%wasobservedfortheperiodcrucialforcropgrowthin2058and2059foralltheemissionscenarioscomparedwithbaseline.Thismayleadtodeclineinagriculturalproductivitybecauseoflimitedwaterresources.Thesepotentialhydrologicvariationsmaylargelyinfluencetheagriculturalproductioninthebasin.Therefore,anaccurateassessmentofuncertaintiesassociatedwithfutureclimatescenariosneedtobestudiedcarefullyformakingmorepreciseandreliabledecisionsonwaterconservationstrategiesduringagriculturaldroughtperiods.KeywordsClimateChange,Streamflow,Runoff,SWAT,Drought
*1 2 3
2
2015 SWAT Conference 47 Purdue University, USA
Session E2: Climate Change Applications
Modeling the potential impacts of climate change on streamflow in aheadwater basin of the Grande River Basin, Southeastern BrazilViníciusA.Oliveira ,MarceloR.Viola ,CarlosR.Mello ,RaghavanSrinivasan1. PhD.Student-FederalUniversityofLavras-Brazil.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor-FederalUniversityofLavras-Brazil.3. Professor-FederalUniversityofLavras-Brazil.4. Professor-TexasA&MUniversity.
AbstractTheassessmentofthepotentialimpactsofclimatechangeonstreamflowisimportanttosupportthewaterresourcesmanagementincountrieslikeBrazil,where70%oftheelectricpowerissuppliedbyhydropowerplants.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastocalibrateandvalidate,inmonthlybasis,aheadwaterbasinoftheGrandeRiverBasin,SoutheasternBrazil,inordertoevaluatetheimpactsonhydrologyunderfutureclimatechangescenarios.Forthispurpose,precipitationandmaximumandminimumtemperaturesdatasetssimulatedbyEta,aregionalclimatemodel,nestedintheglobalclimatemodelHadGEM2-ESconsideringtheRCP4.5and8.5scenarios,wereforcedthroughtheSWATmodel.Thesimulationswerecarriedoutinthreetimeslices(2007-2040;2041-2070;2071-2099)andcomparedtothesimulationofthebaselineperiod(1961-2005).Theresultsshowedanincreaseinthemaximum(4.76and6.61°C)andminimum(0.60and1.75ºC)temperaturesandadecreaseintheprecipitation(9.16and16.58%)forbothscenarios(RCP4.5and8.5),respectively.Yet,theresultsledtoasignificantreductionofthestreamflowandthereforeareductionoftheannualwateryieldforthethreetimeslices,showingadecreaseof35.5,21.1and23.3%and29.8,26.5and40.1%fortheRCP4.5and8.5scenarios,respectively,whencomparedtothebaselineperiod.Thus,thehydrologicalbehaviorofthewatershedmaybenegativeaffected,especiallythegroundwaterrechargecapabilitiesandthereforethebaseflow,reducingthewateravailabilityoftheregioninthedryperiods.KeywordsClimatechange,Eta-HadGEM2-ESmodel,SWATmodel.
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 48 Purdue University, USA
Session E3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty
Impacts of model parametric uncertainty on landuse planning decisionmakingKrishnanNithya ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,KPSudheer1. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianinstituteofTechnology,Madras-600036,Chennai,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-doctoralresearchassociate,PurdueUniveristy-.3. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.4. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..
AbstractWatershedscalesimulationmodelsareusedtoevaluatevarious‘whatif’questionsandtomakeinformeddecisions.Thesemathematicalmodelsincludemanyempiricaland/ornon-empiricalparameterstorepresentvariouseco-hydrologicalprocesses.Parameteruncertaintyisamajorissueinmathematicalmodelsimulations,asoftentheactualparametervaluesarenotavailableoraremeasurable.Themodelparameteruncertaintycanaffectsimulationresultsandconsequentdecisions.TheobjectiveofthestudywastoevaluateparameteruncertaintyofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),andtoevaluatepotentialimpactsofuncertaintyinmodelsimulationsonthedecisionssuggestedforlanduseplanning.AnoptimizationbasedlanduseplanningcasestudywasdevelopedtoidentifyoptimalcroppingpatternincludingbioenergycropsintheStJosephRiverwatershed,IN,USA.Theobjectivefunctionforlanduseoptimizationincludedbiomassproductionof3,581metrictonsperday(underthermochemicalconversion)minimumfeasibleproductionforabiomassprocessingplant,withminimumbiomassproductioncostandmaximumenvironmentalbenefits.ParameteruncertaintyoftheSWATmodelisassessedusingShuffledComplexEvolutionaryMetropolisAlgorithm(SCEM).Fiverepresentativeparametersetswereselectedfromthepredictionuncertaintyintervaltorepresenttheparameteruncertainty.TheSWATmodelwaslinkedwithAMALGAMoptimizertoderiveatanoptimalcroppingpatternforthewatershed.Fivesetsoflanduseoptimizationswereconductedconsideringthefivesetsofparametervalues,andtheeffectsofparameteruncertaintyonoptimizationresultswerequantified.Thepreliminaryresultsshowedthatthesimulationoptimizationresultshadsomelevelofuncertaintythatneededtobeincludedinmakinglandusedecisionsforbioenergycropproduction.KeywordsParameterUncertainty,optimallanduseplanning,bionenergyproduction,AMALGAM,SCEM
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 49 Purdue University, USA
Session E3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty
Reducing equifinality in semi-distributed models by using spatial wetnessinformation and reducing complexity in the SWAT-Hillslope modelLinhHoang ,ElliotSchneiderman ,TammoSteenhuis ,SoniPradhanang ,KarenMoore ,EmmetOwens1. HunterCollege,CityUniversityofNewYorkandNYCDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. NewYorkCityDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.3. DepartmentofBiologicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,CornellUniversity.4. DepartmentofGeosciences,UniversityofRhodeIsland.5. NewYorkCityDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.6. NewYorkCityDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.
AbstractEstimatingmodelparametersinsimulationmodelscanbeproblematicbecauseofthenon-linearityandinterdependenceoftheparametersetssincechangesofsomeparametersmightbecompensatedbyothers.Itisnotuncommonwhencalibratingdistributedhydrologicalmodelsagainstdischargeatthebasinoutlettofindmultipleparametervectorswithreasonablygoodperformance.Thisisknownasequifinalitywhichcontributestouncertaintyofmodelpredictions.Equifinalityforsemi-distributedhydrologicalmodelsmaybereducedbyemployingconceptuallyappropriatemodels,calibratingwithbothspatialandtemporalobservations,andbyreducingcomplexity.WewillapplyourconceptualmodeltotheCatskillMountains(NewYorkState)wheresubsurfaceconnectivitydeterminesthewettingpatterninthelandscape.ThemodelusedisSWAT-Hillslope,amodifiedversionofSWATthatincorporatestopographiccharacteristicsinHydrologicalResponseUnit(HRU)definitionandintroducesaperchedwatertablewiththeabilitytorouteinterflowfrom“dryer”to“wetter”HRUwetnessclasses.CalibrationofdischargeattheoutletofthewatershedwithSWAT-HillslopewascarriedoutbyrandomlygeneratingalargenumberofparametersetsusingtheMonteCarlosamplingmethod.ThepreliminaryresultshowsthatSWAT-HillslopecouldpredictdischargewellwithNash-SutcliffeEfficiencyofmorethan0.6and0.8fordailyandmonthlytimesteps,respectively,andwasnotaffectedsignificantlybyreducingtheHRUnumber.Asexpected,multipleparametersetscouldbeidentifiedthatperformedequallywellinpredictingoutletdischargeinthecalibrationperiod,butresultedindiverseperformancesinthevalidationperiod.Constrainingtheparametersfurtherwithavailablespatialinformationonmoisturecontentsandlocationofsaturatedsoilsreducesequifinality.Weexpectimprovedmodelperformancebyadjustingthemodelstructuretobetterrepresentthelandscapeandbyreducingcomplexityandequifinality.KeywordsEquifinality,Modelcomplexity,SWAT-Hillslope,Uncertainty
*1 2 3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 50 Purdue University, USA
Session E3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty
Modeling Irrigation Systems in Semi-Arid Regions: Current Status andEmerging Needs for SWATRyanT.Bailey ,TimothyK.Gates ,MilesDaly1. Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,UnitedStates.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,UnitedStates.3. Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,UnitedStates.
AbstractMajorhydrologicandenvironmentalissuesfacedinirrigatedstream-aquifersystemsinsemi-aridclimateregionsincluderisingwatertables,nutrientleachingtothewatertable,mobilizationoftracemetalsfromoutcroppedandbedrockgeologicmaterial,andloadingofsalinity,nutrients,andtracemetalsfromtheaquifertosurfacewaterviadiffusegroundwaterdischargeandtiledrains.Risingwatertablesinducewaterloggingandsoilsalinization,whichinturndecreasecropyieldand,ifleftunchecked,eventuallyrenderthesoilunusable.ThispresentationhighlightstheseissueswithreferencetopreviousandongoingresearchprojectsintheLowerArkansasRiverValley(LARV)insoutheasternColoradoandSouthPlatteRiverBasin(SPRB)innortheasternColorado,andoutlinesneededmodelingcapabilitiesoftheSWATmodelifitistobeusedeffectivelyintheseandsimilarriverbasins.Specificcapabilitiesincludesimulatingshallowandtemporally-dynamicwatertableelevation,simulatingflowandsolutetransportthroughtiledrainagenetworks,representationofirrigationpumpsthroughouttheaquifer,groundwaterflowtosurfacewaterbodies,andspatially-dependentloadingofsalinityandotherchemicalspeciesfromtheaquifertothestreamnetwork.Ofutmostimportantistheabilitytosimulatethefateandtransportofsaltionsthroughthelandsurface–soil–aquifer–streamcontinuum.
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 51 Purdue University, USA
Session F1: Bioenergy Applications for the U.S. Corn Belt Region
Simulating establishment period of perennial bioenergy grasses in theSWAT modelFengQingyu ,IndrajeetChaubey ,CibinRaj ,BernardEngel ,KPSudheer ,JeffreyVolenec1. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniveristy.2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.3. Post-doctoralresearchassociate,PurdueUniveristy-.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniveristy.5. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..6. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniveristy.
AbstractPerennialbioenergygrasses,suchasswitchgrassandMiscanthusareconsideredtobeimportantcellulosicbiofeedstocksources.However,thesegrassesrequiremultipleyearstofullyestablishbeforetheirfullbiomassproductionpotentialcanberealized.Anunderstandingofgrowthprocessesforthesecropsarelimitedresultinginageneralignoranceofhydrologic/waterqualityimpactsduringtheestablishmentperiodusingcropgrowthmodels.Thisstudyevaluatedthelengthofestablishmentperiodandthetrendsofbiomass,LeafAreaIndexandbiomasspartitioningratiotoaboveandbelowgroundbiomassduringtheestablishmentperiodofthetwoperennialgrasses.TheidentifiedtrendswerethenincorporatedintotheSoilandWaterAssessmentToolmodeltoimprovethemodel’scapabilitytoaccuratelyrepresenttheirgrowthprocessandevaluatethehydrologicandwaterqualityimpacts.Basedonyielddata,averageyieldthatestablishedgrassesareexpectedtoproducewasrecommendedtobeusedasayieldthreshold(10Mg/haforuplandswitchgrass,15Mg/haforlowlandswitchgrassandMiscanthusinEurope,and20Mg/haforMiscanthusintheU.S.)fordetermininglengthofestablishmentperiod.Basedontheseyieldthreshold,establishmentperiodsofswitchgrasswere2to3yearsforbothuplandandlowlandswitchgrass.EstablishmentperiodsofMiscanthuswere2to4yearsintheUSand3to6yearsintheEurope.ModifiedSWATmodelprovidedanacceptablesimulationofyielddatatrendsat4differentsites.Evapotranspirationtendedtobesmaller,increasingsurfacerunoffandwateryieldduringtheestablishmentperiodthantheestablishedperiod.Soilerosionandnutrientlosswillalsobehigherduetosmallerbiomassproductionandpoorlandsurfaceprotection,especiallyduringthefirstyear.
1 2 *3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 52 Purdue University, USA
Session F1: Bioenergy Applications for the U.S. Corn Belt Region
How do climate change and bioenergy crop production affect watershedsustainabilityIndrajeetChaubey ,RajCibin ,SylvieBrouder ,LauraCBowling ,KeithCherkauer ,JaneFrankenberger ,ReubenRGoforth ,BenjaminMGramig ,JeffVolenec1. Professor,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..3. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.4. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.5. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..6. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..7. DepartmentofForestry&NaturalResources,PurdueUniversity..8. AgriculturalEconomics,PurdueUniversity.9. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.
AbstractSustainabilityanalysesofplausiblelandusescenariosarecriticalinmakingwatershed-scaledecisions.InUSA,Bioenergy-drivenlanduse/landmanagementchangesraiseconcernoverpotentialenvironmentalimpacts,bothintermsofwateravailabilityandwaterquality.Thesepotentialimpactsmaybeexacerbatedbyclimatevariabilityandchange.Theoverallgoalofthisstudywastoassessenvironmental,economicandbiodiversitysustainabilityofplausiblebioenergyfeedstockproductionandclimatechangescenarios.ThestudyconsideredfourteensustainabilityindicatorsundernineclimatechangescenariosfromWorldClimateResearchProgramme's(WCRP's)CoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase3(CMIP3).TheSWATmodelwasusedtosimulateperennialbioenergycropssuchasMiscanthusandswitchgrass,andcornstoverremovalatvariousremovalratesandtheirpotentialimpactsonhydrologyandwaterquality.AquaticbiodiversitywasestimatedusingSpeciesDistributionModels(SDMs)developedtoevaluatestreamfishresponsetohydrologyandwaterqualitychanges.Thewatershed-scalesustainabilityanalysiswasdoneintheSt.JosephRiverwatershedtheWildcatCreekwatershed,locatedintheMidwestUSA.Theresultsindicateimprovedsustainabilityindicatorscorrespondingtowateravailabilityandquality.Biodiversityindicesalsoindicatedimprovedfishdistributionwithperennialenergycroppingsystemscomparedtoconventionalcroppingsystems(maize-soybean).Waterqualitybenefitsduetolandusechangeweregenerallygreaterthantheeffectsofclimatechange/variability.KeywordsSustainablebioenergyproduction,climatechange,landusechange,bioenergy
*1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9
2015 SWAT Conference 53 Purdue University, USA
Session F1: Bioenergy Applications for the U.S. Corn Belt Region
Assessment of Bioenergy Cropping Scenarios for the Boone RiverWatershed in North Central Iowa, United StatesPhilipGassman ,AdrianaValcu ,CatherineKling ,YiannisPanagopoulos ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,JeffArnold ,CalvinWolter ,KeithSchilling1. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,50011-1070,UnitedStates.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.3. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.4. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.5. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.6. DepartmentofEarthAtmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.7. USDA-ARS,Grassland,SoilandWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,TX,USA.8. IowaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DesMoines,Iowa.9. DepartmentofEarth&EnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofIowa,IowaCity,Iowa.
AbstractTheBooneRiverWatershed(BRW)isanintensivelycroppedregiondominatedbycornandsoybeanproductionthatcoversover237,000hainnorthcentralIowa.TheBRWisreflectiveofbothcurrentIowacroppingtrendsandelevatedlevelsofnutrientpollutioninstreams.Nitratelossesareofparticularconcern,muchofwhichescapesthecroplandviasubsurfacetilesthatdrainthepredominantlyflatlandscapesthatcharacterizethewatershed.PhosphorusexporttostreamsystemsintheBRWisalsoaproblemofconsiderableconcern.QuestionshaveemergedastothepossibleimpactsofadoptingcellulosicbiofuelproductionsystemsinIowawatershedssuchastheBRW,whichwouldbedevelopedasfunctionofcornstoverremovedafterharvestorviatheintroductionofperennialbiofuelcropssuchasswitchgrassandmiscanthus.Inresponse,amodelingsystembeenconstructedforthewatershedusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modeltoaddressbiofuel-relatedwaterqualityandrelatedissues.ThespecificversionofSWAT(SWATversion2012;Release615)thatisbeingusedinthestudyfeaturesrecentmodificationsmadetothesourcecodethatcorrectedinaccuraciesinpreviouscodesinregardstosimulatingremovalofcornstoverandalsothegrowthofswitchgrassandmiscanthus.Inaddition,updatedcropgrowthparametersthatmoreaccuratelyrepresentthebiomassproductionpotentialofswitchgrassandmiscanthusvarietiesbeinggrownintheU.S.CornBeltregionarebeingusedinthisSWATmodelingsystem.Theresultsofseveralscenariosarereportedherethatreflectfuturecellulosicbiofuelscenariosbasedon20%,30%or50%removallevelsofcornstoverorwidespreadadoptionofswitchgrassand/ormiscanthusacrosspartsoralloftheBRW.Bothhydrologicandpollutantloss(sediment,nitrogenandphosphorus)lossesarereportedforallofthesimulatedscenarios.KeywordsCroppingsystems,corn,switchgrass,miscanthus,stoverremoval,SWAT,nutrientpollution,tiledrainage
*1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9
2015 SWAT Conference 54 Purdue University, USA
Session F1: Bioenergy Applications for the U.S. Corn Belt Region
Assessment of Large-Scale Bioenergy Cropping Scenarios for the UpperMississippi and Ohio-Tennessee River BasinsYiannisPanagopoulos ,PhilipGassman ,CatherineKling ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,JeffArnold1. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,50011-1070,UnitedStates.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.3. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.4. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.5. DepartmentofEarthAtmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.6. USDA-ARS,Grassland,SoilandWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,TX,USA.
AbstractTheintenselyrow-croppedUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB)andOhio-TennesseeRiverBasin(OTRB)formtheCornBeltRegionintheMidwesternUS,which,accordingtotheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,isconsideredthekeycontributingareaofnutrientpollutiontowaters,responsiblefortheNorthernGulfofMexicohypoxiczone.Ontheotherhand,thisareaistraditionallyofutmostimportancefortheagriculturaleconomyofthecountryandpromisingforitsfuturecellulosicbio-economy.Thus,thereisanurgentneedtoexplorehowfuturebiofuelproductioninthisareacancoexistwithahealthywaterenvironmentdownstream.Tothisend,weusedanintegratedmodelingsystemoftheCornBelt,alreadyconstructedwithSWAT(SWATversion2012;Release615)basedona12-digithydrologicunitor‘subwatershed’delineation.Asastartingpointonanextensivescenariotestingintheareawiththislarge-scalehydrologicmodel,threecellulosicbiofuelscenariosaretested:a)50%cornstoverremovalfromallthecorn-soybeanandcontinuouscornlandwithslopes<2%,b)theSwitchgrassShawneegrowthtoallcroplandwithslopes>2%andtoallpasturelandandc)thecultivationofMiscanthustoallcroplandwithslopes>2%andtoallpasturelandaswell.Themodelisexecutedforarecent20-yperiodandtheresultsareevaluatedbasedonSWAToutputsonanannualbasis.Hydrologyisnotpracticallyinfluencedcomparedtothebaseline,however,sedimentsfromHRUsenteringstreamshavebeensignificantlyreducedunderthegrowthofbothperennialcropsbutnotunderthestoverremovalscenario,whichcausedanexpectedslightsedimentincrease.AsimilaroutputisproducedforP,whichisstronglyconnectedwithsedimentsinSWAT.Ontheotherhand,allscenariosresultedinreducedNlossestostreamsandriverswhicharereflectedtoaconsiderablyreducedNloadintheMississippiriverdownstream.CropandbiomassyieldswerealsoestimatedacrossthelandscapeandbasedontheupdatedSWATgrowthroutinesforperennialstheyareverypromisingforbiofuelproduction.ItisbelievedthatSWATwaterqualityandyieldestimationspresentedhereinalongwithadetailedeconomicassessmentofchangingthelandscapetoperennialbiofuelcropsand/ormanagingcollectedstovercanguidepolicymakerstowardsasustainablebiofuelproductionplanacrosstheCornBelt.KeywordsBiofuelscenarios;Croppingsystems;Largescale;OTRB;SWAT;UMRB.
*1 2 3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 55 Purdue University, USA
Session F2: Hydrology
Enhancing Prediction Accuracy in the Bagmati River Flood ForecastingModel on MIKE11 Platform in IndiaPoonamPrasad ,SanjayKumarSrivastava ,NarendraKumarTiwary ,PadmaKantSharan1. ResearchScholar,Deptt.ofMaths&ComputerScience,B.r.a.biharUniversity,Muzaffarpur,Bihar,India.2. Reader,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute,Patna,Bihar,India.3. ReaserchScholar,CivilEngg.Department,I.I.T.,Delhi,India.4. Prof.&FormerH.o.d.,Dept.ofMathsandComputerScience,B.r.a.BiharUniversity,Muzaffarpur,Bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractTheIndoGangeticPlainsarealmosteveryyearvisitedbyfloodsduringthemonsoonseasonwhenitrainsheavilyontheloftyHimalayasandthefastdepletingwoodlandsinthevalleycommonlyknownastheTerai.TheriversthatoriginatefromNepal,TibetandChinaontheHimalayasareperennialbecausethesnowlinecontinuestomeltduringsummerseasonwiththewintersbeingseasonsofleanflow.Theyflowsouthwardsformingthethreemajordrainagesystem-theIndusdrainingintotheArabianSea,theGangesdrainingintotheBayofBengalandtheBrahmputradrainingintotheBayofBengal.TheRiverBagmatioriginatesinNepalandpassesthroughitscapitalKathmanduandentersIndianearDhengandflowsoutheasterlytooutfallinRiverKosi,amajortributaryofGangesSystem.TraditionallyithasbeenknownastheSorrowofthenorthernStateofBihar.Itisknowntohavedestroyedthousandsoflivessincetimeimmemorial.ItwasonlyduringtheBritishruleinIndiathatasincereeffortwasmadetotametheriverbyreducingthefuryoffloodswiththeconstructionofparallelembankments,constructionofbridges,raisingthecanalsystembyconstructionofweirschemesandbarragetodivertthefloodsforirrigationpurposes.ThisreducedthelossoflifeanddamagestopropertytosomeextentinthefloodplainsofNorthBihar.AchainoffloodgaugestationsweresetupduringtheBritishperiodandsystemofmeteringtheRiverBagmatistarted.ThetrendwasfurtherfollowedafterIndependencewithanumberofraingaugestationshavingbeensetupinNepalandIndiainthecatchmentareaoftheRiverBagmatiwiththeintentofforecastingthefloodsmanuallysoastogiveenoughleadtimeforpreparationtotacklefloodsituationandtoreducethelossoflifeandpropertiesatBiharinIndia.TheWaterResourcesDepartment(WRD)oftheGovernmentofBihar(GoB)althoughmakessincereeffortsinobtainingthedischargeandrainfalldataasquicklyaspossiblethroughthediplomaticchannelyetitleavestheWRDfloodmanagerswithhardly24hoursofleadtimetotacklefloodsinthefloodplainsofRiverBagmatiinBihar.TherewasapressingneedtoenhancetheleadtimeandaconsensusevolvedintheWRDtoautomatetheBagmatiFloodForecastbyclinchingthelatestadvancesinthefieldofInformationTechnologyandMultimediabymodelingtheBagmatifloodscenarioonacomputersystemusingsimulationtoautomaticallygeneratethefloodforecastwithatleast3daysofleadtimewithmorethan95%accuracy.DennishHydraulicInstitute(DHI)’sMIKE11PlatformqualifiedasthenaturalchoicebecauseithadalreadymodeledtheBagmatiintheNepalportionandhasalsobeenactivelyinvolvedinmodelingtheBrahmaputraRiverinotherIndianstatesaswellasinBangladesh.Itsattractiveinterfacesreflectingtheeleganceofitspresentationlogiccoupledwithanequallyefficientalgorithmbasedrobustbusinesslogicbearsanedgeovertheothermodelingsoftware.Ithasbeendevelopedoverthe.netframeworkthatsupportsMicrosoft’sWindowsOperatingSystemandisuserfriendly,secureaswellasbeingnetworkcompatible.MIKEplatformscanreaddatafromExcelfilesandpresentsvariousgraphicsandtablesastheoutput.Itcanhandlevoluminousinputdata,canprocessthemataveryfastrateandcanpresentoutputinthedesiredformat.Thepaperdescribestheprevalentsystemofmanualflooddatagathering
1 2 3 *4
2015 SWAT Conference 56 Purdue University, USA
fromvariousgaugesitesinIndiabyCentralWaterCommission(CWC)andWRDonBagmatianditstributariesandhowtheyarecompiledbyWRDforanonwardtransmissiontofloodmanagers,disastermanagersandotherstakeholdersforfurtheractions.ThemanualsystemisbasedonvariousempiricalformulathatdeterminethehydrologyoftheBagmatiAdhwaragroupofriversaswellasIndiaMeteorologicalDepartment(IMD)rainfallforecastdataforthebasinandanexaminationoftheaccuracyinmanualfloodforecastonaparticulargaugesiteatBenibadonMuzaffarpurDarbhagafourlanehighwayforthefloodseasonof2013wasfoundtobe94.9%.Howevermostofthemanualfloodforecastaccuracyisfoundinthenormalrangeof85%to90%.ThisstudytriestolookintotheproblemsoflowaccuracyinautomatedfloodforecastthatiscommoninrecentlyintroducedRealtimefloodforecastinginBagmatiAdhwarariverbasinonMIKE11platformbyWRD.Themodelwasfinetunedbyiteratinganumberoftimeswithhistoricaldatasothattheinputvariableinitializationisfinetunedbyreengineeringsomeoftheoutputasinputvariables.Itwasonlyafter6iterationsonhistoricaldatasetthatthemodelwascalibratedtomeaningfulaccuracy.ThemodelwasfurtherimprovedbydividingtheriverintosevenreacheshavingdifferentManning’sNvaluesascomparedtothetraditionalthreereacheswithdifferentNvalues.ThusbyplayingwiththeManning’sNvaluesandrunninganumberofiterationstheautomatedfloodforecastpredictionaccuracywasenhancedtoaround97.7%onthesamedatasetasusedinmanualfloodforecasting,asignificantimprovementfromthepresentmanualsysteminBagmatiRiverBasininNorthBihar.ItisexpectedtoyieldevenbetteraccuracyasthemodeliscalibratedwithrealtimedatainfutureastheWRDisintheprocessofinstallingtheRealTimeDataAcquisitionSystem(RTDAS)intheBagmatianditstributaries.KeywordsMIKE11,DHI,WRD,GoB,RTDAS,CWC,MoWR,GoI,Manualfloodforecasting,Automatedfloodforecasting,Floodforecastingaccuracy,GIS,RemoteSensing,ModelingandSimulation.
2015 SWAT Conference 57 Purdue University, USA
Session F2: Hydrology
Using SWAT Module in the Design of Submerged Weir on Narrow RiversHaving High Flood DischargeNarendraKumarTiwary ,MurliDharSingh ,SanjayKumarSrivastava ,GovindPrasad1. Professor,Research,ArpandPim,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.2. Professor,EnvironmentandDrainage,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.3. Reader,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.4. AssistantProfessor,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractWeirisadiversionstructurebuiltacrossariverfordiversionofwaterforirrigationpurposes.Forhydraulicdesignofweir,scourdepthisdeterminedusingthedischargeintensityformula.Incaseofnarrowriverswithhighdesigndischarge,thedischargeintensitybecomesverylargeandconsequentlythedepthofsheetpilesbecomehugewhenbasedonconventionalstandardsguidelinesoftheBureauofIndianStandards(BIS).Itmakesthedesignofcutoffeconomicallynotviable.EspeciallywhenthecommandissmalltheB/Cratiobecomesadverse.Moreovercontainingthefloodsbetweentheaffluxembankmentsisnotadvisable.AninnovationwiththeSWATfloodroutingmodulecanbemadeforcalculatingthedischargeintensityandscourdepthandforpassingthemaximumflooddischargesafely.SWATassumeswidthofriverinfloodplainstobe5timesthewidthofriver.Asubmergedweir(Pantit)onriverPunpuninBihar,Indiahasbeendesignedfordepthofsheetpile,whichwasdeterminedusingtheSWATconcepts.Thedepthofsheetpilessodeterminedwasfoundtechno-economicallyfeasible.AccordinglysuitableamendmentsintheBISCodeofPracticefordesignofsubmergedweirarebeingrecommended.
1 2 3 *4
2015 SWAT Conference 58 Purdue University, USA
Session F2: Hydrology
A Web Based Interface for Distributed Short-Term Pollution PotentialForecast: Coupling SWAT with the Global Forecast System ModelAndrewSommerlot ,MogesBerbero ,DanielFuka ,ZacharyEaston1. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.2. PhD,Candidate,VirginiaTech.3. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.4. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractNon-pointsource(NPS)pollutionfromagriculturalactivityisamajorsourceofsurfacewaterqualityimpairmentintheChesapeakeBayregion.Surfacehydrologyinthisareaishighlyvariableovershorttimeperiodsandcreatesareaswithwidelyfluctuatingspatialandtemporalpollutionpotential.Theinfluenceofthesevariablesourceareas(VSA)isnotcapturedbylong-termquantificationmethodsaimedatinformingagriculturalmanagementdecisionstoreduceNPSpollution.TheF-SWATframeworkhasshownpotentialinprovidingdistributedhydrologicforecastsatthenecessaryspatialandtemporalresolutiontopredictthepollutionpotentialofVSAs.However,themethodsaimedatdeliveringthisinformationtousersisnotaccessiblewhenlimitedtosoftwareandtechnologythatrequirestimeandtrainingtouse.Aprototypeofaweb-basedinterfacedisplayingdistributedhydrologicforecastsisintroducedinthisstudy.Thegoalofthisinterfaceittoprovideeasilyaccessible,real-timepollutionpotentialforecastmapsthatprovideusersameanstoavoidhigh-riskareaswhenplanningagriculturalpractices.Theprototypeforecastsystemconsistsoftwomajorcomponents:thefrontandbackend.Thefrontendoftheforecastsystemcomposestheweb-baseduserinterfacetodisplaytheforecastmaps.Thebackendofthesystemautomaticallycollectsweatherforecastsinrealtimeandcomputessurfacehydrologyoutputrastersusingdistributedwatershedmodeling.WebbasedtoolsliketheprototypeintroducedinthisstudycouldfillagapintheefforttominimizeNPSpollutionfromagriculturallands.
1 2 3 *4
2015 SWAT Conference 59 Purdue University, USA
Session F2: Hydrology
Stream flow Responses to distributed inputs of soil and land use under achanging climate: SWAT model reconceptualization.GebiawTeshomeAyele ,SolomonSeyoumDemissie ,JaehakJeong ,SeifuAdmassuTilahun1. Lecturer:BahirDarUniversityDepartmentofhyrdologyandWaterresources.ResearcheratBlueNileWaterInstitute..Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor.PostdoctoralScholar,UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering..3. BlacklandResearch&ExtensionCenter,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearch,DepartmentofBiologicalandAgriculturalEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity..4. AssistantProfessor(Dr.):Director:CornelBahirDarPhDprogramintheSchoolofCivilandWaterResourceEngineering,BahirDarInstituteofTechnology,BahirDarUniversity,BahirDar,Ethiopia..
AbstractAbstract:Inthisresearch,TheGIS(GeographicInformationSystem)interfaceoperationalmodel,SWAT(soilandWaterAssessmentTool)iscodedandrunfortwoseparatecases;fortheNaturalResourceConservationService’sCurveNumber(CN)methodofrunoffestimationandforthetopographicindexconceptofpredictingandsimulatingthespatio-temporaldynamiclocationsofvariablesourcearea(VSA)dominantlandscapeswithtopographicwetnessindexre-definedHRUs(HydrologicResponseUnit).FiftyyearsLanduse/covermapandcurrentsoilmapoftheareaispreparedwithfieldsoilsurveyandlaboratoryanalysisfor32soilsamplepits,descriptionaugers,and125soilsamplelayers.Fivelanduseclassesandsevensoiltypesareidentifiedandcodedtothemodelasprimaryspace-timedatasetstobetterphysicalconceptualization.Themodelisthencalibratedandvalidatedoverthegaugedlowerreachofthestudywatershed,BatenaandscenarioseriesisdevelopedforfuturelanduseandRCM(RegionalClimateModel)forfutureclimatetoestimaterainfallrun-offresponseinpastandfuturetimestamps.ModelStreamflowpredictionsisbetterwithre-conceptualizationofSWATtoSWAT-VSAthanSWAT-CN[overallNash–Sutcliffeefficiencies(NSE)of0·68and0·54,respectively].TheR (coefficientofdetermination)forthecatchmentvarybetween0.5to0.76(VSA)duringcalibrationand0.55to0.73duringvalidation.Tobetterunderstandtheefffectofspatialydistributedinputsofsoilandlanduseonthestreamflowresponceofthearea;theSWATmodelwasrunwithdifferentscenarios;withFAO-UNESCOcoarsegridresolutionsoilmapandfinescalefieldsurveyedsoilmapwithallthemodeldatainputs.Thehydrographfitbetweentheestimatedandobservedflowseriesisalsoadequatelyrepresented.Keywordsfieldsoilsurvey,curvenumber,variablesourcearea,swatmodel,streamflow,climatechange,FAOcoarsegridsoil.
*1 2 3 4
2
2015 SWAT Conference 60 Purdue University, USA
Session F3: Model Development
C-SWAT: An Easy Way to Save SWAT Computational Time by ConsolidatingInput FilesHawYen ,MehdiAhmadi ,MichaelWhite ,XiuyingWang ,JeffreyArnold1. AssistantResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralFellow,ColoradoStateUniversity.3. AgriculturalEngineering,USDA-ARS.4. ResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.5. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.
AbstractInthepasttwodecades,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)hasbeenbroadlyappliedontopicsrelatedtogeneralwaterresourcesandenvironmentalengineering.BytheaidofSWAT,scientificallycredibleevaluationscanbeprovidedtoenhancethequalityofrelevantdecisionmakingprocedure.Meanwhile,predictionsofcomplexhydrologicandnutrientprocessescannotbeperformedwithoutrequiringconsiderablylargeamountofinputdata.InSWATapplications,modelinputsarestoredinbothsubbasinandHydrologicResponsesUnits(HRUs)levels.Computationaltimeincreasessubstantiallyalongwiththenumberofinputfileswhichcouldbeamajorconcernonlarge-scalemodelimplementations.Toalleviatethecomputationalburdencausedbyopen/read/closeinputfiles,theConsolidatedSWAT(C-SWAT)wasdevelopedtoaggregatesubbasinandHRUlevelinformationinto13majorfiles.AcasestudyintheLittleWashitaRiverBasin(611km )wasconductedinwhich30%ofcomputationalruntimewasreduced.TheconceptofC-SWATiseasytotransferwhereasfutureuserscanimplementthesamestructureonotherSWATrevisions.KeywordsSWAT;ConsolidatedInputs;Calibration;Parallelprocessing;Shuffledcomplexevolution
*1 2 3 4 5
2
2015 SWAT Conference 61 Purdue University, USA
Session F3: Model Development
SWAT-GHG: a Mechanistic Greenhouse Gas Sub-model for SWATMogesBerbero ,AndrewSommerlot ,DanielFuka ,MartinDavis ,EmilyBock ,ZacharyEaston1. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.2. PhD,Candidate,VirginiaTech.3. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.4. MSStudent,VirginiaTech.5. PhD,Candidate,VirginiaTech.6. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractTheimpactofclimatechangeandvariabilityonnutrientcyclinginagroecosystems,particularlythenitrogencycle,ishighlyuncertain.Ofparticularinterestistheimpactofclimatechangeongreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfromagroecosystems,particularlynitrousoxide(N O,apowerfulGHG),whichiscontrolledbyseveralprocesses;namelysoiltemperature,soilmoistureandsoilcarbonlevelslikelytobeinfluencedbyclimatechange.TodeterminetheimpactofclimatechangeontheseprocessesandtoquantifyN Oemissionatboththefieldandwatershedscales,wedevelopanewmoremechanisticGHGsub-modelforSWAT.Wesynthesizedpreviousresearchtodevelopthenewsub-modeltopredictN Oemissionfromagriculturalwatersheds.Thenewsub-modelincorporatestheabilitytopredictN Oemissions(andimproveN prediction)bycouplingtheCandNcycleswithsoilmoisture,pHandtemperatureinSWAT.Thenewsub-modelinvolvesatwo-partaddition:first,wedevelopedasetofequationstomodelthetotaldenitrificationrate(N +N O)byusingreductionfunctions,andthen,partitionedN fromN Obyusingaratiomethod.ThenewN Osub-modelwastestedusingdatafromtheGRACEnetdatabaseintwolocations;1.CentralPennsylvania,and2EasternKentucky,byparameterizingthemodelwiththeplotlevelmeasurementsofsoilC,N,andpHasinitialconditions.ResultsshowedsignificantcorrelationsbetweenplotlevelmeasurementsofN OfluxandnewSWATmodelN Opredictions.Furthermore,modelresultssuggestthatN OemissionsareparticularlysensitivetopH,soiltemperatureandsoilmoisturelevels.ThisnewGHGmodelcanbeusedtoassesstheimpactsofmanagementpracticessuchastillage,drainagewatermanagement,nutrientmanagementandsoilamendments,inadditiontotheimpactofclimatechangeonN Oemissions.
1 2 3 4 5 *6
22
22 22 22 2 2
2 2 22
2015 SWAT Conference 62 Purdue University, USA
Session F3: Model Development
TopoSWAT: An ArcPy Toolbox to Improve the Spatial Representation of SoilProperties and Hydrology Using Topographically Derived Initialization
ProcessesZacharyEaston ,AmyCollick ,PeterKleinman ,DarenHarmel ,MogesBerbero ,AndrewSommerlot ,Daniel`Auerbach ,DanielFuka1. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchHydrologistUSDA-ARS,PSWMRU.3. ResearchLeader,USDA-ARSPSWMRU.4. SoilScientist,USDA-ARS.5. GraduateStudent,VirginiaTech.6. GraduateStudent,VirginiaTech.7. PostDocEPA.8. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.AbstractTopographyexertscriticalcontrolsonmanyhydrologic,geomorphologic,andenvironmentalprocesses.Unfortunatelymanywatershedmodelingsystemsusetopographyonlytodefinebasinboundariesandstreamchannelsanddonotexplicitlyaccountforthetopographiccontrolsonprocessessuchassoilgenesis,soilmoisturedistribution,nutrientcyclingandhydrologicalresponse.WedevelopanddemonstrateanArcpytoolboxforArcSWATthatusestopographytospatiallyadjustsoilmorphologicalandsoilhydrologicalattributes[soiltexture,depthtotheC-horizon,saturatedconductivity,bulkdensity,porosity,andthefieldcapacitiesat33kpa(~fieldcapacity)and1500kpa(~wiltingpoint)tensions].Wedemonstratethenewinitializationprocedureandtheensuingimprovedmodelperformanceinthreehydrologicallydissimilarwatersheds:oneintheheavilyglaciatednortheastUS,whichexhibitsclassicvariablesourcearea(VSA)hydrologicresponses;oneintheMid-AtlanticUS,whichhasbothVSAandHortonianhydrology;andoneinTexas,whichdisplaysclassicHortonianhydrology.Thetopographicallyderivedinitializationprocedureexhibitedsignificantcorrelationswithdistributed(fieldlevel)measurementsofsoilmoisture,runoffgenerationandsoilproperties,andimprovedestimatesofbaseflow.This,inturn,resultedinimprovedpredictionsoffieldlevelcontaminanttransport,particularlyforphosphorus.Theseresultsindicatethatadjustingmodelparametersbasedontopography(usingaprioridistributions)canresultinmoreaccuratesoilcharacterizationand,inimprovemodelperformanceatthefieldscale.
*1 2 3 4 5 67 8
2015 SWAT Conference 63 Purdue University, USA
Session F3: Model Development
TauRkSWAT: An Operating System Independent SWAT Model WatershedInitialization InterfaceDanielFuka ,DanielAuerbach ,BrianBucahanan ,AmyCollick ,PeterKleinman ,MogesBerbero ,AndrewSommerlot ,ZacharyEaston1. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostDoc,EPA.3. PostDoc,CornellUniversity.4. Hydrologist,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.5. ResearchLeader,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.6. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.7. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.8. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.
AbstractGISbasedinterfaces,predominantlylimitedtoMicrosoftWindowsplatforms(e.g.,ArcSWAT,MWSWATandQSWAT),ormorecomplexUnix/Linuxbasedinterfaces(e.g.,GRASS),havebeencreatedtoperformwatershedinitializations.Noneoftheseinterfacesqualifyasoperatingsystemindependentandsimpletoinstallanduse.Thus,thereisgrowingdemandforsimpler(andopensource)approachestoinitializeSWAT,especiallysincewatershedmodelingprojectsareincreasinglyneededinscientificfieldsthathavelessgeoprocessingexperience.TauRkSWATisanewwatershedinitializationinterfaceprojectfortheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)model.TauRkSWATisoperatingsystemindependent,topographicallyinformed,andisdirectlyintegratedintothepowerfulR(geo)statistallanguage,withsinglecommandlineinstallationusingthecentralizedCRANrepositoriesonanycomputerwithRandGDALprogramsinstalled.AnaddedbenefitofTauRkSWATisthatitiseasilycoupledwithpowerfulRoptimizationroutines(e.g,DE-Optim),statisticalanalysislibraries,andplottingfunctionality.TauRkSWATintegratesthebenefitsofthestandardinitializationsoftwarewiththegrowingRcommunity,thusfurtherreducingthebarrierstoemployingtheSWATmodelacrossanever-growingnumberofscientificfields.
*1 2 3 4 5 67 8
2015 SWAT Conference 64 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Twentieth century agricultural drainage creates more erosive riversShawnSchottler ,JasonUlrich ,PatrickBelmont ,RichardMoore ,J.WesleyLauer ,DanielEngstrom ,JamesAlmendinger1. Seniorscientist,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchAssociate,Dept.ofBiosystemsandBioproducts,Univ.ofMinnesota.3. Dept.ofWatershedScience,UtahStateUniv..4. WaterResroucesCenter,MinnesotaStateUniv..5. Dept.ofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,SeattleUniv..6. Directory,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.7. Seniorscientist,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.AbstractRiversinwatershedsdominatedbyagriculturethroughouttheUSareimpairedbyexcesssediment,asignificantportionofwhichcomesfromnon-field,near-channelsources.Bothland-useandclimatehavebeenimplicatedinalteringriverflowsandtherebyincreasingstream-channelerosionandsedimentloading.Inthewetland-richlandscapesoftheupperMississippibasin,twentiethcenturycropconversionshaveleadtoanintensificationofartificialdrainage,whichisnowacriticalcomponentofmodernagriculture.Atthesametime,muchoftheregionhasexperiencedincreasedannualrainfall.Uncertaintyinseparatingthesedriversofstreamflowfuelsdebatebetweenagriculturalandenvironmentalinterestsonresponsibilityandsolutionsforexcessriverinesediment.Todisentangletheeffectsofclimateandland-usewecomparedchangesinprecipitation,cropconversions,andextentofdraineddepressionalareain21Minnesotawatershedsoverthepast70years.Watershedswithlargeland-usechangeshadincreasesinseasonalandannualwateryieldsof>50%since1940.Onaverage,changesinprecipitationandcropevapotranspirationexplainedlessthanone-halfoftheincrease,withtheremainderhighlycorrelatedwithartificialdrainageandlossofdepressionalareas.Riverswithincreasedflowhaveexperiencedchannelwideningof10-40%highlightingasourceofsedimentseldomaddressedbyagriculturalbestmanagementpractices.
*1 2 3 4 5 67
2015 SWAT Conference 65 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Modeling Corn Crop Yields in High Water Table Conditions using SWATModelRohithGali ,StephanieHerbstritt ,CarolineWade,DanPerkins1. ProjectEngineer.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. StaffEngineer.3. HydrologistandManager.
AbstractAdequatesoilwaterisessentialforplantgrowthandnutrienttransporttoplants,butexcesssoilwaterinrootzonehasbeenshowntoaffectcropyields.Subsurfacetiledrainagesystemsaretypicallyimplementedinpoorlydrainedsoilstoremoveexcesswaterintherootzoneandtoimprovetrafficabilityandcropyield.SubsurfacetiledrainsareawidespreadpracticeinMidwestU.S.,transformingpoorlydrainedsoilsunsuitableforagriculturalproductionintohighlyproductivefarmlands.Highintensity,shortdurationrainfalleventsonpoorlydrainedsoilsresultsinhighwatertableconditionsortemporaryfloodingevenwithsubsurfacetiledrainsystem.Thisexcesssoilwaterforprolongedperiodscanresultinreducedcropyields,especiallyforcorn.ThisstudyfocusesonmodelingcropyieldsintheMidwesternpoorlydrainedsoilsunderhighwatertableconditionsusingSWATmodel.HighintensityspringrainfalleventsincentralILin2015duringearlyvegetativestageofcropcanhavesevereimpactonannualcropyield.Studieshaveidentifiedexcesssoilwatereffectsatvariousstagesofcorngrowthonyieldsusinga30-daysoilexcesswater(SEW )stressfactoranddevelopedregressionequationsforrelativeyieldforcorn.CurrentSWATroutinesdoesn’tsimulatenegativeeffectsofhighwatertablesoncropyield;therefore,amethodology/algorithmneedstobedevelopedformodelingcropgrowthunderhighwatertableconditions.Thisprojectfocusesonamethodtotracksoilwatertable,aerationstress,cropstagesofdevelopment,andSEW stressfactorstomodeltheoverallcropyieldinhighwatertableconditionsinSWATmodel.Keywordscropyields.SWAT,watertable,tiledrain
*1 2 3
3030
2015 SWAT Conference 66 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Evaluating Water Quality Impact of Grassland EstablishmentJiyeongHong ,LaurentAhiablame ,KyoungJaeLim1. MSstudent,DepartmentofAgriculturalEngineering,SouthDakotaStateUniversity,Brookings.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofAgriculturalEngineering,SouthDakotaStateUniversity,Brookings.3. Professor,DepartmentofRegionalInfrastructureEngineering,KangwonNationalUniversity,Chuncheon,SouthKorea.AbstractGrasslandisavaluablenaturalresourcewithmanyenvironmentalbenefitssuchasreducingsoilerosion,increasingcarbonsequestration,providingwildlifehabitat,andimprovingwaterquality.ThisstudyaimstoinvestigatewaterqualityimplicationsofgrasslandestablishmentinagrassdominatedwatershedinSouthDakota.Thespecificobjectivesareto(1)quantifytheimpactsoftimevariantgrasslandchangeonwaterquality;and(2)determinetheoptimumlocationofgrasslandestablishmentforwaterqualityconservationinawatershed.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)willbeusedtoevaluate“whatis”scenariosforsediment,NO ,andTP,aswellashydrology(e.g.runoff,ET,soilmoisture,andwateryield),intheBadRiverwatershednearFortPierre,SouthDakota.Thewatershedhasmorethan80%ofgrasslandand14%ofagriculturallanduse.Keywordslandmanagement,modeling,SWAT,SouthDakota
*1 2 3
3
2015 SWAT Conference 67 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
SWAT Evaluation for Best Management Practices in Highland AgriculturalCatchment of South KoreaSunSookJang ,SoRaAhn ,ChungGilJung ,JiWanLee ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.5. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractThisstudyistoevaluatethenonpointsource(NPS)pollutiondischargesfromHaeanhighlandagriculturalcatchment(62.8km2)usingSWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool).ThecatchmentisoneoftheseveralsmallcatchmentswithinSoyangwatershedandnowexportssomeoftheworldhighestrecordedlevelsfortotalnitrogen(T-N)andtotalphosphorus(T-P)toSoyanglake.ThehighlevelsofT-Nprovideforhighpotentialalgalthereductionratioofthe30%reductiontothestreamwashigherthanthatofthe10%reductiontothestream.Growth,algalbloomsandeutrophicationinresponsetomonsoon-rain-basedpulsesofT-P.TheSWATwascalibrated(2009~2010)andvalidated(2011)usingdailyobservedstreamflow,sediment,T-N,andT-Pdataatthreelocationsofthecatchment.TheaverageNashandSutcliffemodelefficiencyforstreamflowwas0.69andthedeterminationcoefficientforSS,T-N,andT-Pwere0.73,0.61,and0.78respectively.AsthereductionwaysfortheNPSdischargesfromthewatershed,especiallythebestmanagementpractices(BMPs)offertilizerapplicationcontrolandfilterstripinstallationwerediscussedforsustainableecosystemserviceofhighlandagriculture.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyagrant(14AWMP-B082564-01)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Highlandagriculture,Haeanwatershed,BMPs,Non-pointSourcePollution
1 2 3 4 *5
2015 SWAT Conference 68 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Modeling fate and transport of nutrients from onsite wastewatertreatment systemTewodrosAssefa ,ManojJha ,SushamaPradhan1. GraduateStudent.2. AssistantProfessor.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. EnvironmentalSeniorSpecialist.
AbstractFailingonsitewastewatertreatmentsystems(OWTS)canpotentiallycontributeexcessivenutrientloadingstosurfacewater.Duetothecomplexinteractionofpollutantswithhydro-geo-bioenvironment,itisdifficulttoestimateand/ormonitortheimpactatwatershedscale.Thisstudyusesamodelingapproachtoquantifytheimpactlocally,andscaletheimpacttotheregionallevelforimplicationstostreamwaterquality.Acomprehensivewatershedmodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),capableofsimulatingOWTSbiozoneprocesses,wasappliedtotheLickCreekWatershedinNorthCarolinafortheassessmentandquantificationofOWTS’snutrientcontributiontoFallsLake.Inthiswatershed,about85percentofthehousingunitsusesOWTS.Amodelingsetupwasconstructedusingtopography,landuseandsepticsystem,soilcharacteristicsandclimatedatasets.Modelcalibrationvalidationisbeingconductedusingfieldbaseddataonflowandnutrients,andsurveydataonexistingOWTsystems.Theresultwillassistlocalgovernmentsindecisionmakingfornutrientmanagementstrategies.KeywordsSepticsystems,nutrienttransport,SWATmodeling
1 *2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 69 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Estimation of Regional Calibration of Hargreaves Equation for ActualEvapotranspiration using SWAT Simulated Results in the Mixed Forest
WatershedChungGilJung ,SoRaAhn ,JiWanLee ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractTheHargreavesequationprovidesreferenceevapotranspiration(ETo)estimateswhenonlyairtemperaturedataareavailable,althoughitrequirespreviouslocalcalibrationforacceptableperformance.ThisequationhasbeenevaluatedinSouthKoreausingdatafrom74meteorologicalstations,comparingdailyestimatesagainstthosefromthePenmanMonteith(PM)equation,whichwasusedasstandard.Thisstudyistoevaluateevapotranspirationmethods(PM,HargreavesandregionalcalibrationofHargreaves)ofSWATmodelbycomparingwiththemeasuredactualevapotranspirationdatainSeolma-cheonwatershed(8.48km2).Byusing2007dailystreamflowatthewatershedoutlet,3monthsdailyevapotranspirationdatameasuredatmixedforest,theSWATmodelwascalibrated.Themodelwasvalidatedwith2008streamflow,evapotranspirationand4years(2003-2006)streamflow.TheaverageNash–Sutcliffemodelefficiencyofstreamflowduringvalidationwas0.76andthecoefficientofdetermination(R2)ofwas0.78.TheregionalcalibrationofHargreaves(AHC)willbecontributedforabetterunderstandingofevapotranspirationanungaugedcatchmentinareaswheremeteorologicalinformationisscarce.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyaGrant(11-TIC06)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Evapotranspiration,Hargreavesequation,Fluxdata
1 2 3 *4
2015 SWAT Conference 70 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Simulation of surface runoff and soil erosion in small watersheds inNorthern Ethiopia - application and verification of the SWAT modelAndreasKlik ,RomanSchiffer ,StefanStrohmeier ,FerasZiadat ,RaghvanSrinivasan1. UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciencesVienna(BOKU),Austria.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciencesVienna(BOKU),Austria.3. InternationalCenterforAgriculturalResearchintheDraAreas(ICARDA);Jordan.4. FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),Rome,Italy.5. TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,USA.
AbstractDegradationofarablelandisamajorissueintheEthiopianHighlands.Deforestationleadstoongoingsoilerosionduringtherainyseasonandthusthehydrologyofawatershedchangesashigherosionratesanddensegullynetworkscauseadirectdrainageofrainwaterusableforcropproduction.Theapplicationofhydrologicalmodelscanprovidealinkbetweenlocalwatershedcharacteristicsandthegenerationofrunoffandsedimentlossinthewatershed.Furthermore,theyenabletheimpactassessmentofsoilconservationmeasuresontheseprocesses.ObjectiveofthisstudywastoapplytheSWATmodeltotwosmallagriculturalusedwatershedsinNorthernEthiopiatoassesstheimpactofsoilconservationmeasuresonsurfacerunoffandsoilerosion.Thewatershedsaretwosmallsub-watershedsoftheGumara-Maksegnitwatershed.Theyarelocatedclosetoeachotherwithanareaof31and41ha,respectively.80%oftheareaissteeperthan10%.Inonewatershedsoilconservationmeasures(stonebundsandtrenches)wereimplementedin2011whereastheotherwatershedisuntreated.Meanannualpreciptationisabout1200mmfromwhich90%rainsbetweenJuneandSeptember.Soiltexturesrangefromclayloamtoclay.Landuseofbothwatershedsissimilarwithappr.70%ofagriculturallandand30%ofgrasslandandopenshrubland.Maincropsgrownaresorghum,teff,fababean,barley,wheatandchickpea.Since2011,anautomaticweatherstationaswellasweirsareinstalledinbothwatershedstomeasurerunoff.Foreacherosiveeventmanualsamplesaretakeninadditiontoaturbiditysensortomonitorsedimentyield.Soilandlandsurveywascarriedouttoderiveasoilmapandadigitalelevationmodel.Asitespecificcroprotationwasassumed.TheSWATmodelcalibrationwasperformedwithmeasureddatafrom2012.Theresultsforrunoffaswellassedimentyieldshowacceptabletosatisfyingperformance.TheNash-Sutcliffeefficiencyforsurfacerunoffis0.54fortheuntreatedand0.24forthetreatedwatershed.KeywordsSWATmodel,Ethiopia,soilerosion,surfacerunoff,watershed
*1 2 3 4 5
2015 SWAT Conference 71 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Assessment of Forest Type and Future Climate Change Impacts onStreamflow in Small CatchmentJiWanLee ,SoRaAhn ,SunSookJang ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractThisstudyistoevaluatetheimpactbetweenagriculturalactivityandforestrestorationofpresentagriculturalareasonstreamflowunderthefutureclimatechangescenarios.TheSWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool)wasappliedfora1.17km2typicalsmallcatchmentof83.3%forestareas.Beforeevaluation,theSWATwascalibratedandvalidatedusing2years(2011-2012)and1year(2013)dailystreamflowdataatthecatchmentoutlet.TheaverageNashandSutcliffemodelefficiencyandthedeterminationcoefficientwere0.70and0.57respectively.Theannualstreamflowsbytheforesttypeofconiferous,deciduous,andmixedforestforthewholewatershedshowed13.31,1.50,and2.29mmchangesunderthehistorical30yearssimulation(1976-2005).ByapplyingtheHadGEM3-RARCP(RepresentativeConcentrationPathway)climatechangescenarios,thefuturestreamflowsforconiferous,deciduous,andmixedforestrestorationshowed13.36,3.01,and0.11mmchangesin2040s(2020-2059)RCP4.5scenarioand13.16,4.04,and0.18mmchangesin2080s(2060-2099)RCP8.5scenariorespectively.AcknowledgementsThisresearchwassupportedbyagrant(14AWMP-B082564-01)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Smallcatchment,Foresttype,Landusechange,RCP,ClimateChange
1 2 3 *4
2015 SWAT Conference 72 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Comparison of Spatial Evapotranspiration between SEBAL and SWAT byCalibrating with the Eddy Flux measured ETYongGwanLee ,SoRaAhn ,ChungGilJung ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractThepurposeofthispaperistobuildaspatio-temporalevapotranspiration(ET)estimationmodelusingTerraMODISsatelliteimageandbycalibratingwiththefluxtowerETdatafromwatershed.ThefundamentalsofspatialETmodel,SurfaceEnergyBalanceAlgorithmforLand(SEBAL)andSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wereadoptedandmodifiedtoestimatethedailyETofYongdamDamwatershedinSouthKorea.ThedailyNormalizedDistributionVegetationIndex(NDVI),Albedo,andLandSurfaceTemperature(LST)fromMODISandthegroundmeasuredwindspeedandsolarradiationdatawerepreparedfor2years(2012-2013).TheSEBALwascalibratedwiththeforestETmeasuredbyDeokyusanfluxtowerinthestudywatershed.TheSEBALETandSWATETwerecalibratedwithcoefficientofdetermination0.52and0.42,respectively.Duringtheperiod,MeanETofSEBALwas0.91mm/dayrangingfrom0to5.88mm/daywhileSWATETwas0.92mm/dayrangingfrom0to3.60mm/day.TheSEBALsurfaceroughnessfactoraffectedtheoverestimationofET.ThespatialETreflectedthegeographicalcharacteristicsshowingtheEToflowlandareaswashigherthanthehighlandET.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyaGrant(11-TIC06)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsFluxTower,SEBAL,SWAT,SpatialEvapotranspiration,TerraMODIS
1 2 3 *4
2015 SWAT Conference 73 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Impact of Drought on freshwater provisioning ecosystem services in theUpper Mississippi River BasinPingli ,NinaOmani ,IndrajeetChaubey ,XiaomeiWei1. VisitingScholar,CollegeofWaterResourcesandArchitecturalEngineering,NorthwestA&FUniversity,23WeihuiRoad,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China;DepartmentofEarth,Atmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,550StadiumMallDrive,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA.2. Postdoctor,DepartmentofEarth,Atmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,550StadiumMallDrive,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA.3. Professorandhead,DepartmentofEarth,Atmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,550StadiumMallDrive,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA;DepartmentofAgricultureandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,225SouthUniversityStreet,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. Professor,CollegeofWaterResourcesandArchitecturalEngineering,NorthwestA&FUniversity,23WeihuiRoad,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China.
AbstractEcosystemservicesarethebenefitsthathumansderivefromecosystems.Impactedbyclimatechangeandvariability,andlandusemanagement,ecosystemserviceshavebeenalteredglobally.Droughteventscanpotentiallyhaveconsiderableimpactsonecosystemservices.However,impactsofdroughtonecosystemservicesarepoorlyunderstood.InthisstudywequantifyfreshwaterprovisioningecosystemservicesandevaluatetheeffectsofdroughtonfreshwaterprovisioningecosystemservicesintheUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB).Specifically,theannualfreshwaterprovision(FWP)andfreshwaterprovisionindex(FWPI)arequantifiedforeach4digitHUCwatershedbyusinganindex-basedmethod,basedontheoutputsofSWATmodelintheUMRB.ThenthepastdroughteventsinthebasinareanalyzedthroughcalculatingannualStandardPrecipitationIndex(SPI)foreach4digitwatershedusingthehistoricalrainfalldatafrom1950to2014.TheannualSPIandFWPformaindroughtyearsarepredictedundertwoprecipitationchangedscenariosandabaselinescenarioinordertoanalyzetheimpactofdroughtonFWP.TheFWP(FWPI)calculationresultswillhelppeopleinitiallyunderstandaboutthecurrentstatusoffreshwaterprovisioningecosystemservices.DroughtwouldbeanimportantclimatefactoraffectingtheFWP.ThisstudymayprovideinformationthatcanbeusedformakingadvancedlandmanagementdecisionsthatcanprotectthefreshwaterecosystemservicesinUMRB.KeywordsFreshwaterecosystemservices;UpperMississippiRiverBasin;Drought;StandardPrecipitationIndex
1 2 *3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 74 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Large scale flood inundation modeling by using SWAT and LISFLOOD-FPZhuLiu ,MohammadAdnanRajib ,VenkateshMerwade ,LiuyingDu1. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.2. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.3. AssociateProfessor,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.AbstractFloodinundationmapsplayamajorroleincommunicatingtheriskassociatedwithfloods,andduringfloodreliefandrescueoperations.Creatinganaccuratefloodinundationmapsrequiresthesimulationoftheflowconditionbyusingahydraulicmodel.Duetothelimitedavailabilityofmeasuredflowdatafromsparsestreamflowgauges,itisnotnecessarytocreateahighqualityfloodinundationmapforlargeareaswithouttheuseofawatershedhydrologicmodelinconjunctionwithahydraulicmodel.Alooselycoupledhydrologic-hydraulicmodelingframeworkisdevelopedinthisstudybyusingtheSWAThydrologicalmodelandtheLISFLOOD-FPhydraulicmodelforfloodmodelingintheOhioRiverBasin.First,SWATmodeliscalibratedbyusingselectedUSGSstationswithlonghistoricalrecords,andthenthecalibratedmodelisusedtogeneratestreamflowtimeseriesfortheentirestreamnetworkintheOhioRiverBasin.Next,floodinundationmapfortheentirebasinisgeneratedbyusingonlytheUSGSstreamflowgaugingnetworkandthentheSWATgeneratedstreamflow.ResultsshowthatconnectingSWATwithLISFLOOD-FPenablescreationofgoodqualityfloodinundationmapsforallstreamsincludinglowerorderstreamswithoutanystreamflowgauge.TheresultsarevalidatedthroughcomparisonwithFEMAgeneratedfloodinundationmapsatselectedlocationsinthebasin.KeywordsSWAT,LISFLOOD-FP,floodmodeling
1 2 *3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 75 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Quantification of blue, green and grey water in the Limpopo River Basin inSouthern Africa using Earth Observation data and SWAT modelEstherMosase ,LaurentAhiablame ,AdnanRajib1. SouthDakotaStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. SouthDakotaStateUniversity.3. PurdueUniversity.
AbstractAdequatesuppliesofpotablewaterisimportanttosustainagriculture,industryanddomesticuses,particularlyinsemi-aridregionssuchastheLimpopoRiverBasin(LRB),SouthernAfricawherephysicalwaterscarcityisprominent.Effectiveplanningandmanagementofwaterresourcesintheregionarehamperedbyscarcityofdataduetolimitedhydro-meteorologicalstationsthuslimitingsimulationmodellingofwaterresourcesinthewatershed.EarthObservation(EO)datawillbeingested,inlieuofground-baseddata,intotheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)toquantifyavailabilityandchangesinblue,greenandgreywaterfootprintsanddriversforagriculturalanddomesticusesintheLRB.Sincereliablesimulationsareonlypossibleifthehydrologicalmodelissoundlycalibratedandtested,theLRBmodelwillbespatiallycalibratedusingevapotranspiration(ET)datafromMODISandsoilmoisture(SM)fromASMR-Edata.EventhoughcalibrationwithETandSMisselectedduetothelackofreliablestreamflowdatainthewatershed,itisanticipatedthatthisstudywilltestaccuracyofthespatialandmulti-parametercalibrationprocedure.TheoutcomesofthisstudywillnotonlybebeneficialforoperationalandplanningpurposesofwaterresourcesinBotswanaandtheLRB,butwillalsocontinuetodemonstratetheuseofremotelysensedobservationsasviablealternativeinputdataforhydrologicalmodellinginungaugedandpoorlygaugedwatersheds.KeywordsHydrologicmodelling,datascarcity,wateravailability,EarthObservationdata,semi-aridregions,LimpopoRiverBasin
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 76 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
To bias correct or not to bias correct? Is that really the question?RebeccaMuenich ,MargaretKalcic ,Yu-ChenWang ,DonScavia1. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.3. Researchassociate,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.4. GrahamFamilyProfessorofSustainabilityandDirectoroftheGrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.AbstractUsingfutureclimatedatainSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)analysesisacommonpracticeinthepeer-reviewedliterature.IntegratingprojectedclimatedatadirectlyintoSWAT(andotherwatershedmodels)requiresthemodelertomakemanydecisionsthatcouldimpactthemodeloutputs.Amajorityofwatershedmodelerschoosetobiascorrecttheirclimatedata.However,biascorrectingdatacanaltertheinherentphysicalrelationshipsoftheclimatedataitself,notwithstandingthegreatuncertaintyassociatedwithwhichbiascorrectionmethodtochoose.TherestillremainsthequestionofwhetherornotbiascorrectionisappropriateforincorporatingprojectedclimatedataintoSWAT.Outsideofthedecisiontobiascorrectandwhatmethodtochoose,manyotherdecisionsmustbemadebytheSWATmodelertoevaluatetheimpactoffutureclimateincluding:(1)whichclimatemodelstouse(global,regionalstaticallydownscaled,regionaldynamicallydownscaled),(2)usinggriddedclimatemodeloutputsorregriddingclimatemodeloutputtoexistingclimatestations,(3)generatingsolarradiation,relativehumidity,andwindspeedusingthebuilt-inSWATweathergeneratororusingclimatemodeloutputs,and(4)increasingcarbondioxideconcentrationsinSWATornot.DespitethenumberofstudiesthathaveusedprojectedclimatedatainSWAT,fewstudieshavedemonstratedtheuncertaintyinthemultiplechoicesmadebymodelers.ThepurposeofthisworkistoinvestigatethemostcommonapproachesthatSWATmodelersuse,andtodevelopbestpracticesforintegratingfutureclimatedataintoSWAT.Keywordsclimatechange,biascorrection,SWAT,watershedmodeling
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 77 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Developing an in-stream water quality model for improved simulation ofnutrient dynamics in SWATFemeenaPandaraValappil ,IndrajeetChaubey,NicolaFohrer1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)isextensivelyusedforsimulatingstreamflowandnutrienttransportinacatchment.In-streamwaterqualitymodellingisacriticalcomponentofthemodelforevaluatingthefateofnutrientsinstreamsandotherwaterbodies.TheSWATincorporatesamodifiedversionofQUAL2E(steady-statewaterqualitymodel)forsimulatingin-streamnutrientdynamics.ManypublishedstudiesinliteraturereportthatwaterqualitysimulationsinSWATcanhavelargedeviationsfromobserveddata.Thiscanbeattributedmajorlytolackofsufficientmeasureddata,uncertaintyininputdata(concerningagriculturalmanagementpracticesandsoilnutrientstatus)aswellasinaccuratesimulationofnutrienttransportprocesses.Furthermore,studieshavesuggestedaneedforrefiningtheQUAL2EalgorithmsinSWATtobetterrepresentthebiogeochemicalprocessesoccurringwithinthestreams.Thiscanimprovethemodelpredictionsofdownstreamnutrientloadswhichisofamajorconcerninstudiesrelatedtowaterqualitysimulations.Preliminaryresultsofthisstudyprovidesacomprehensiveanalysisofcurrentin-streamnutrienttransportalgorithmsinSWATandbringsforthitslimitationsalongwithsuggestionsforpotentialimprovements.AcasestudyonSt.JosephRiverwatershedwascarriedouttosubstantiatethehypothesisthatasimpleexternalnutrienttransportmodelcanreplacethecurrentin-streammodelinSWATwithoutyieldingsignificantchangesinnutrientloadsatthewatershedoutlet.Infuture,itisproposedtodevelopanewin-streamwaterqualitymodelwithdetailedprocessrepresentationofnutrienttransportinstreams.KielstaucatchmentlocatedinNorthernGermanywillbeusedasstudyareafordatacollectionandmodeldevelopment.Additionally,thestudyenvisagestoincorporatetheproposedmodelintoSWATforenhancedestimationofnutrientloadsatmultipletemporalandspatialscales.KeywordsSWAT;In-streamnutrienttransport;Waterqualitymodel
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 78 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Evaluation of SWAT Soil Water Content Model Output and SensitivityGarettPignotti ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,MelbaCrawford1. GraduateStudent,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralResearcher,PurdueUniversity.3. Professor,PurdueUniversity.4. Professor,PurdueUniversity.AbstractSoilwatercontentisofgreatinterestinarangeofecohydrologicapplicationsgivenitscrucialroleinamultitudeofenergetic,biogeochemical,climatic,andhydrologicprocessesandcycles.Becauseinsituobservationsofsoilwatercontentarelimitedbycostandspatialcoverage,remotelysensedobservations,modelsimulations,orsomecombinationofbothareoftenutilizedinpredictiveanalysisofecohydrologicsystems.Itisthereforecriticaltocapturetheaccuracyandpracticallimitationsofsuchmodelorremotelysensedestimates.Inparticular,soilwaterdynamicsintheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelhavenotbeenextensivelyevaluatedwithrespecttoaccuracynorinteractionwithothermodelvariablesandgoverningequations.Therefore,theobjectivesofthisresearchseekto:1)compareSWATsimulatedsoilwatercontenttoobservedinsituandremotelysensedmeasurementsand2)evaluateSWATmodelsensitivitytosoilwatercontent.ResearchwasconductedattheLittleRiverExperimentalWatershed(LREW)nearTifton,Georgia,where29soilmoisturestationswithmeasurementsat3depthsareemployed.ASWATmodelwascreated,delineatedbasedonseveralstreamgaugelocationswithinLREW.Remotelysensedsoilmoisturedatawasobtainedfromamulti-sensor,active/passivemergedsoilmoisturedataproductfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sEssentialClimateVariable(ECV)program.SimulatedsoilwatercontenttimeseriesfromtheSWATmodelwascomparedtobothmeasuredobservations.Toevaluatespecificmodelresponsetodynamicsoilwatercontent,bothglobalandlocalsensitivitywasassessedforvariousSWAThydrologic,waterquality,andplantgrowthsubroutinesandoutputswhereresultswereexaminedrelativetolanduseandsoilclassifications.ItisexpectedthatresultsfromthisanalysiswillaidinevaluatingtheaccuracyofSWATsimulatedwatercontentaswellasidentifyingpossibleareasformoretargetedandrigorousmodelevaluationorimprovement.Keywordssensitivity;soilwater
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 79 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Adopting an Energy Balance Snowmelt Model in Soil and Water AssessmentTool model (SWAT) for Application in Atlantic CanadaJunyuQi ,ShengLi ,ZishengXing ,CharlesP.-A.Bourque ,Fan-RuiMeng1. PhDStudentatUniversityofNewBrunswick.2. ProfessoratAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.3. ScientistatAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.4. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.5. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractAsimpleenergybalancesnowmeltmodelwasintegratedwiththeSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)andwastestedinasmallagriculturalwatershedinAtlanticCanada.Rain-on-snowinducedsnowmeltwastypicalinmaritimeweatherconditionsandenergybalancesnowmeltmodelwasexpectedtoperformbetterthantemperatureindexmodelduetoitsphysicalconsiderations.Simulationperformancesonflowrateattheoutletofthewatershedwerecomparedbetweenenergybalancemodel(EBM)andtemperatureindexmodel(TIM)withinSWAT.Indefaultscenariowherecalibrationparameterswerenotadjusted,EBMperformedmuchbetterthanTIM.R ,NSandbR valuesofEBMweregreaterthanthoseofTIMbyaverageabout0.19,0.25and0.15,respectivelyfortwoinvestigationperiods(1992-2001and2002-2011).Thus,EBMwasrecommendedinungaugedwatershedswithoutinformationforsnowmeltcalibration.Furthermore,twomodelswerecalibratedin1992-2001periodandvalidatedin2002-2011period.CalibratedEBMstillperformedbetterthancalibratedTIMinbothperiods.R ,NSandbR valuesofEBMweregreaterthanthoseofTIMbyaverageabout0.06,0.07and0.06,respectivelyfortwoperiods.TheimprovementofsnowmeltpredictionaccuracybyEBMoverTIMwasmainlycausebybettersimulationofrain-on-snowevents.TIMseverelyunderestimatedsnowmeltinpre-snowmeltseasonswhensnowmeltmainlyderivedbyrain-on-snowevents.Also,EBMperformedbetterthanorequivalenttoTIMinsnow-meltseasonswhenthemainforceofsnowmeltwassolarradiation.EBMimprovedR by0.12and0.15comparedwithTIMincalibrationandvalidationperiodsonsnowmeltinducedbyrain-on-snowevents,respectively.Inaddition,EBMperformedbetterthanTIMincapturingthesnowdepthvariationinducedbyrain-on-snoweventsatarepresentativeHRUbetweentwomodels.TheresultsofthisstudyvalidatedthattheEBMperformedbetterthanTIMonsnowmeltpredictionespeciallyforrain-on-snowconditions.EBMwasabetteroptionforSWATapplicationinmaritimeareasuchasAtlanticCanada,especiallyinungaugedwatershedsandlong-termsimulationsituations.
1 2 3 4 *5
2 222
2
2015 SWAT Conference 80 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Modifying the Soil Temperature Module in SWAT for Application in AtlanticCanada: Module Development, Validation and Impacts on Watershed
ModellingJunyuQi ,ShengLi ,ZishengXing ,CharlesP.A.Bourque ,Fan-RuiMeng1. PhDStudentatUniversityofNewBrunswick.2. ProfessoratAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.3. ScientistatAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.4. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.5. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractAccurateestimatesofsoiltemperatureareofparticularimportanceindescribingmanyhydrologicalandbiologicalprocesses.Soil-temperaturepredictionsinthepopularhydrologicalmodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),arelargelyincorrectwhenappliedtoregionswithsignificantsnowcoverinwinter.Inthisstudy,anewphysically-basedformulationofsoiltemperatureisdevelopedasanalternativetotheempiricalsoil-temperaturemodulecurrentlyusedinSWAT.Thephysically-basedformulationsimulatessoiltemperatureindifferentsoillayersasaresultofenergytransferamongsttheatmosphere,snow,andsoillayers.Withthenewsoil-temperatureformulation,theonlyadditionalinputsforthemodifiedSWATarethreenewparameters,whichneedtobecalibrated.BoththeoriginalandmodifiedversionsofSWATaretestedagainstfielddatacollectedfromtheBlackBrookWatershed,asmallwatershedinAtlanticCanada.TheresultsindicatethatbothversionsofSWATareabletoprovideacceptablepredictionsoftemperatureindifferentsoillayersduringthenon-winterperiodoftheyear.However,theoriginalSWATseverelyunderestimatessoiltemperaturesinwinter(withinarangeof-10to-20˚C),whilethenewversionproducesresultsthataremoreconsistentwithfield-basedtemperatures(withinarangeof-2to2˚C).Thenewphysically-basedformulationhasgreatlyimprovedtheabilityofSWATtosimulatesnowcoverandinsulationeffects,whichisessentialtotheapplicationofSWATinareaslikeAtlanticCanada,wherethegroundiscoveredbysnowforanextendedperiodoftimeinwinter.Furthermore,waterdischarges,sedimentandnutrientloadingsestimatedusingthemodifiedSWATwascomparedagainsttheoriginalSWATandfieldmeasurementsforthesamewatershed.TheresultsdemonstratesthatmodifiedSWATenhancesthemodellingaccuraciesonbaseflowdischarge,totaldischarge,sediment,NO -NandSol-Ploadingsinthewatershedbecausethenewsoiltemperaturemoduleimprovessoiltemperaturesimulationaccuracyinwinter.Moreover,thisstudyalsoinvestigatesthedifferencesbetweentheoriginalandmodifiedSWATindeterminingwaterflowpathsandnutrientsfatesinthewatershed.ComparedwiththeoriginalSWAT,themodifiedSWATpredictslesssurfacerunoff,lowersoilmoisturecontentbutmorepercolationandlateralflow,especiallyforthewinterperiod.Similarly,themodifiedSWATpredictslessnitrateloadingwithsurfacerunoffwhilemorenitrateloadingwithlateralflowandpercolationinwinterbutlessinotherseasons.
1 2 3 4 *5
3
2015 SWAT Conference 81 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Bioenergy grass production on marginal lands and hydrologic and waterquality impacts in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB)QingyuFeng ,IndrajeetChaubey ,CibinRaj ,BernardEngel ,KPSudheer ,JeffreyVolenec1. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..3. Post-doctoralresearchassociate,PurdueUniveristy-.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..5. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..6. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniveristy.
AbstractApproximatelyonefourththeUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB)isidentifiedasmarginalland,whichcouldbeanimportantlandresourceforproducingperennialcellulosicbioenergygrasses.However,theseareascouldalsopotentiallycontributedisproportionateamountsofpollutantsaffectingsurfaceandgroundwaterquality.Inrecentstudies,waterqualitybenefitsfromproductionofperennialgrassesisgenerallyacknowledged.However,suitabilityofmarginallandsforbiomassproductionandeffectsofestablishmentperiodonhydrology/waterqualityarenotclear.ThisstudyprovidedacomprehensiveevaluationofhydrologicandwaterqualityimpactsthatpotentiallywouldbebroughtbyproducingswitchgrassandMiscanthusonmarginallandwithintheURMBregion.Theestablishmentperiodsofperennialgrasseswereincludedinthemodelsimulationsandwereconsideredseparatelyfromtheestablishedperiodwhenbiomassisharvested.Marginallandsuitabilityanalysisindicatethatonlyasmallportionoftheoverallmarginallandareaswillbesuitableforbioenergycropproduction.Theexpectedresultsofthisstudyinclude:1)higherwaterrequirementbyperennialgrassesmightreducewateravailabilityintheUMRBregion;2)soilerosionandnutrientlossesfromtheUMRBregionwereexpectedtobereducedgreatly,exceptduringtheestablishmentperiodofperennialgrassesandonmarginallandsthathavepoorsuitabilityforbioenergycropgrowth.
1 2 *3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 82 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
SWAT model for policy analysis in drought hit CaliforniaNikhilSangwan ,VenkateshMerwade ,KartikAriyur ,SorinMatei ,ValeriaChapman ,NingningKong1. ResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,PurdueUniversity.3. AssistantProfessor,PurdueUniversity.4. AssociateProfessor,PurdueUniversity.5. AssociateProfessor,PurdueUniversity.6. AssistantProfessor,PurdueUniversity.AbstractWithCaliforniaenteringitsfourthyearofarecord-breakingdrought,theregionisexperiencingthestressofwatershortagelikeneverbefore.Alreadyastrainedresourceintheregion,thecurrentdroughthasforcedthelocalpolicymakersandresidentstoadoptausteremeasurestodealwiththelatestlowsinwateravailability.Decisionmakinginsuchpressingscenarioscanbequiteoverwhelmingforthepolicymakers.Thisstudyaimstodeveloptoolsthatincorporatehydrologicandsocialdatatoestablishthefeedbackloopsbetweenthepolicymakingandhumanbehavioralprocesseswiththeobjectivesofsocialequityandsustainability.TheprototypemodelingframeworkisdevelopedbyusingtheSanJoaquinRiverbasininCaliforniaasthestudyarea.Toaccountforthephysicaleffectsofvariouspolicies,aSWATmodelisdevelopedthatincorporatesseveralreservoirsandinterandintra-basinwatertransfersofthishighlymanagedwatershed.ThispresentationwillshowhowSWATmodelcanbeeffectivelyusedforanalyzingvariouspolicymeasuresforanintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementinacomplexwatershed.KeywordsPolicyanalysis;Integratedwaterresourcesmanagement
*1 2 3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 83 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Designing Multifunctional Landscapes for Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstockin a Tile-Drained Agricultural WatershedHerbertSsegane ,M.CristinaNegri,YukiHamada1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractBiofuelsareimportantalternativesformeetingourfutureenergyneeds.Successfulbioenergycropproductionrequiresmaintainingenvironmentalsustainabilityandminimumimpactsoncurrentnetannualfood,feed,andfiberproduction.Thereforeplacementofenergycropsonstrategicallyselectedsubfieldareasinanagriculturallandscapehasthepotentialtoincreasetheenvironmentalandeconomicsustainabilityiflocationandchoiceofthecropsresultinimprovedenvironmentalbenefitsandminimaldisruptionofcurrentfoodproduction.Thisstudyidentifiedsubfieldmarginalareasinatile-drainedagriculturalwatershedusingsoil-basedenvironmentalandeconomicsustainabilitycriteriaanddemonstratedtheutilityofremotesensingfordeterminingunder-productiveareas.Weusedanexpandeddefinitionofmarginalsoilstoincludetheircropyieldpotentialandthepotentialforenvironmentalimpactwhenputintoagriculturalproduction.Inthetestwatershed,2.74%ofsoilshadlowcropproductivityindex(CPIareas)while22.2%hadatleasttwomarginalitiesorweresusceptibletonitrateleaching,themajorsurfacewaternutrientimpairmentinthewatershed(marginalareas).AcalibratedSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtoforecasttheimpactofgrowingswitchgrass(Panicumvirgatum),willow(Salixspp.),andbigbluestem(Andropogongerardi)inthesesubfieldCPIandmarginalareas,onannualcornandsoybeanyields,NO -Nandsedimentexports,andwateryield.Conversionofmarginalareastoswitchgrassonaverageincreasedtotalannualcropyields(grain+biomass)from187,893to199,416metrictonswiththeleastimpactonwateryield(3.8%reduction)andthehighestreductioninNO -N(24%)andsediment(57%)export.Onaverage,conversiontowillowshowedthehighestreductioninannualwateryield(19%)withcomparablebutsignificantlydifferentreductionsinNO -Nexport(23%)andsimilarsedimentexport(54%)toswitchgrass.
*1
33
3
2015 SWAT Conference 84 Purdue University, USA
Session G1: Poster
Improve simulation of annual crop sensitivity to climate variability in theEastern Corn BeltRuoyuWang ,LauraBowling ,KeithCherkauer1. Ph.Dstudent,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.3. AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.
AbstractSoilmoisturehasacomplicatedrelationshipwithcorngrowth.Bothwhenlimitedandoversupplied,waterbringsstressestocorndevelopment.Whenusingmodellingmethodologiestoevaluatecropsensitivitiestoclimatevariability,soilmoistureneedstobewellrepresented.However,itisdifficulttoexecutemoisturecalibrationatthewatershedlevelduetobothdatascarcityandscaleissues.Inthisstudy,weevaluateanapproachtoensurebettermodelmoisturesimulationwithoutrelyingonsoilmoisturecalibration.Themainideaistoregulateannualcropyield,seasonalcropdevelopmentanddailysurfacewaterbudgetsimultaneouslyfortheSt.JosephRiverwatershedintheEasternCornBelt.Hydrologicalparametersarefirstcalibratedtoaddressthenearsurfacewaterbalance.DailystreamflowdatafromthreeU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)stationsinsidethewatershedwillbecomparedwithflowsimulations.Thenamulti-objectivecalibrationapproachisappliedoncropbiophysicalandstressparameterstoensurethesuccessfulrepresentationofannualyield,seasonalcropdevelopmentanddailystreamflow.AnormalizedregionalLeafAreaIndex(LAI)curvehasbeendevelopedforthestudydomainusingavailableLandsatTM5imagesformultipleyears(2000-2010).ThesimulatedmodelLAIcurveisthencomparedwithobserveddatafromLandsatforbothwetanddryyearstoidentifysensitivitiestoclimateextremes.NationalAgriculturalStatisticsService(NASS)countylevelobservedyielddataisusedtoexaminemodelperformanceinpredictingannualyieldandinterannualyieldvariability.Siterecordedsoilmoisturedatawillfinallybecomparedwithsimulatedsoilwatercontenttoevaluateourapproachinrepresentingmoisturewithoutdirectcalibration.Keywordsclimatevariability,cropyield,seasonalcropdevelopment
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 85 Purdue University, USA
Session H1: Climate Change Applications
Climate model biases and statistical downscaling for application inhydrologic modelSagarGautam ,ChristineCostello ,ClaireBaffaut ,QuangA.Phung ,BohumilM.Svoma1. GraduateResearchAssistant,DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.2. AssistantResearchProfessor,DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. ResearchHydrologist,USDA–ARS,CroppingSystemsandWaterQualityResearchUnit,Columbia,MO65211.4. GraduateResearchAssistant,DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.5. AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofSoil,EnvironmentalandAtmosphericSciences,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.
AbstractClimatechangeimpactstudiesuseglobalclimatemodel(GCM)simulationstodefinefuturetemperatureandprecipitation.Thebestavailablebias-correctedGCMoutputwasobtainedfromCoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase5(CMIP5).CMIP5data(temperatureandprecipitation)areavailableindailydownscaleddatasetsusingbias-correctionandconstructedanalogsataspatialresolutionof(~12kmby12km).DownscalingtechniquesareusedtoaddressthescalemismatchbetweenCMIP5outputandfinerscaledetailsrequiredforhydrologicmodeling.ThemethodusedtocorrectthebiasinCMIP5datacomparedtoobserveddatasetscanbeasourceofuncertaintyinimpactassessmentstudies.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluatetwostatisticaldownscalingmethodstominimizeuncertaintywhenmodelingfutureclimatescenariosinhydrologicalmodels.ThedownscalingmethodsusedincludedeltaandquantilemappingusingobservedweatherdatasetsfromtheGoodwaterCreekExperimentalWatershed(73km ),locatedinAudrainandnortheasternBoonecounties,Missouri.ResultsindicatethattherewaslittlebiasbetweendataovertheobservedrecordandtheCMIP5datainaverageannualprecipitationusingdeltamethod.However,extremeswereunder-representedforalmostalltimesteps(dailymax,monthlymax,yearlymax,andyearlymin).Quantilemappingwasabletoreproducetheextremesandcorrectthebiasinmostcasesfortheprecipitation.Workondownscalingthetemperatureusingquantilemappingisinprogressandresultswillbeincludedinthepresentation.ThesedownscaleddatawillbeusedtodriveSWATsimulationsforthestudywatershedtoevaluatethepotentialforchangesinhydrologygivenfutureclimatescenarios.KeywordsBias,CMIP5,statisticaldownscaling,watershed
1 *2 3 4 5
2
2015 SWAT Conference 86 Purdue University, USA
Session H1: Climate Change Applications
Evaluation of climate and land use changes on hydrologic processes in theSalt River Basin, Missouri, United States.QuangPhung ,AllenThompson ,ClaireBaffaut ,ChristineCostello ,JohnSadler ,AnthonyLupo ,BohumilM.Svoma ,SagarGautam1. GraduateResearchAssistant.2. Professor.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. AdjunctProfessor.4. AssistantResearchProfessor.5. AdjunctProfessor.6. Professor.7. AssistantProfessor.8. GraduateResearchAssistant.
AbstractTheimpactofclimateandlandusechangesonhydrologicprocessesatthewatershedscaleisneededbylandmanagersandpolicymakerstoproperlyassesspotentialadaptationstrategies.WhilenumerousstudieshavebeenconductedonhydrologicprocessesintheMidwest,onlyafewhaveanalyzedthelinkagesbetweenclimateandlandusechanges.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoassessthecombinedimpactsofclimateandlandusechangesonhydrologicprocessesoftheSaltRiverBasin(SRB).Thisbasin,locatedinNortheastMissouri,isadirecttributarytotheMississippiRiver.Totaldrainageareais6,417km attheoutletofMarkTwainLake.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtocharacterizehydrologyintheSRBundervaryingfutureclimateandlandusescenarios.Thewatershed'shydrologicprocessesweresimulatedusingstreamflowdataattwoUSGSstationsfrom1970-2060,withmodelcalibrationfrom1970-1999andvalidationfrom2000-2013.Futureclimatedatafrom2014-2060wereobtainedfromDownscaledCMIP5ClimateProjections.Tworepresentativeconcentrationpathways(RCPs),RCP8.5and4.5,wereconsidered.Statisticaldownscalingmethods,includingdeltamethodandquantilemapping,wereusedtofurtherdownscalethesedatatotheclimatestationlevel.Fourlandusescenariosthatprojectincreasesanddecreaseofagriculturallandwerecreated.Combinationsoflanduseandclimatechangesoverarangeofconditionswereexaminedtoindicatepossibleoutcomesusefulforlocalandnationalagencyapplication.
1 *2 3 4 5 67 8
2
2015 SWAT Conference 87 Purdue University, USA
Session H1: Climate Change Applications
Quantifying Flood Risk and Sensitivity to Climate Change in the Huron RiverWatershed Using SWATXinXu ,Yu-ChenWang ,MargaretKalcic ,ChingwenCheng ,EthanYang ,RebeccaEsselman1. GraduateStudentattheMarineScienceInstitute,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin.2. ResearchAssociateattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.4. HerbergerInstituteforDesignandtheArts,ArizonaStateUniversity.5. DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,UniversityofMassachusetts.6. HuronRiverWatershedCouncil.
AbstractTheHuronRiverWatershedislocatedinsoutheasternMichiganandisapproximately2,300km insize,containingabout500,000residentsin65municipalities.Pocketsofurbananddevelopedlandsoccupyone-thirdofthelandcoverandmayhavethepotentialforgreaterriskofflooding,duetoimpervioussurfacesandpopulationdensity.Itisthusofgreatinteresttoidentifytheareasthatmayhavehighfloodriskandgreatersensitivitytofutureclimatechange.Inthisstudy,wecalibratedaSWATmodeltoflowdischargedataunderhistoricalclimateconditions.Thenwequantifiedthatspatialdistributionoffloodingriskusingtwoindices:floodhazardindex,theprobabilitywhenstreamdischargeislargerthanbankfulldischarge,andfloodregulationindex,afunctionofthedurationoffloodevents,averagemagnitudeoffloodevents,andnumberoffloodeventsperyearwithuser-definedweights.Wealsotesteddifferenttemperatureandprecipitationconditionsunderfutureclimatechangescenarios.Bycomparingtheoutputs,weidentifiedthesubbasinswithelevatedriskandgreatersensitivitytoclimatechange.Someofthesesubbasinscoincidewithurbanizedareas.Thefindingscontributetoalargerefforttoevaluateclimatechange-inducedriskandthepotentialimpactsonresidentsintheHuronRiverWatershed.KeywordsFloodinghazard,Climatechange,SWAT
1 *2 3 4 5 6
2
2015 SWAT Conference 88 Purdue University, USA
Session H2: Sediment, Nutrients, and Carbon
Closing the prediction gap between agricultural nutrient losses and riparianzone ecologyTamieVeith ,ClaireRegan,AmyCollick,SusanYetter,MikeNassry1. agriculturalengineer,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractTheecologicalhealthoftheChesapeakeBayisanongoingconcernand,asthemoreobviousanddirectcontributorsaremitigated,focusismovingupstreamtotheagriculturalheadwatersofthebasin.TMDLsandWatershedImplementationPlans(WIPs)havebeendevelopedbyallstatesinthebasintocontrolnonpointsourcepollutionbyapplyingnutrient-andsediment-reducingBestManagementPractices.However,thereisminimalworkconnectingnutrientlossesfromagriculturalfieldstobiologicalstreamquality.Exceptinthecaseofextremeevents,themostdirectconnectionbetweennutrientsandstreamhealthisthehealthconcerntoinfantsfromstreamnitrogenlevelsgreaterthan10ppmandtheincreasedriskofalgalbloomsunderhighlevelsofphosphorus.ThisstudycomparesTopoSWAT-modeledandmonitorednutrientdatawithbiologicalindexscoresandtrends.Correlationsamongvarioussitesandrangesoflandmanagementwillbeanalyzedtoimproveourunderstandingoftheconnectionbetweenagriculturalnutrientlossesandtheecologicalhealthofthereceivingriparianzone.Keywordsagriculturalmanagement,TMDL,environmentalimpact,benthicmacroinvertebrates
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 89 Purdue University, USA
Session H2: Sediment, Nutrients, and Carbon
Estimating Nitrate Transport in Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic Systems bythe linked SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D ModelXiaoluWei ,RyanBailey ,RosemaryRecords ,MazdakArabi ,TylerWible1. PhDstudent,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.3. PhDstudent,Dept.Geosciences,ColoradoStateUniversity.4. AssociateProfessor,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.5. ResearchAssociate,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.
AbstractIntegratedmodelingofsurfaceandsubsurfacehydrologyandsolutetransportisacrucialtoolforassessingtheimpactoflandmanagementpracticesonwateryieldsandagriculturalchemicalfateandtransportinwatershedsystems.Oftheexistingwatershedmodels,theSoilWaterandAssessmentTool(SWAT)hasbeenusedextensivelyforanalysisofwaterresourcesandremediationofnutrientpollutioninwatershedsofvaryingscaleandcomplexity.However,applicationofthemodelislimitedinwatershedswhereinstreamflowisstronglyaffectedbygroundwaterdischarge,duetothesimplisticimplementationofgroundwaterflowandsoluteprocesses.Inthisstudy,therecentlydevelopedSWAT-MODFLOWmodelislinkedwiththegroundwatersolutereactivetransportmodelRT3D(ReactiveTransportin3Dimensions)toprovideamodelthatsimulatesnotonlylandsurfaceandin-streamhydrologic,biological,andnutrientprocesses,butalsoflowandreactivesolutetransportintheaquiferandnutrientmasstransferbetweengroundwaterandsurfacewater.ThesubroutinesusedtotransferdatabetweenSWATHydrologicResponseUnits(HRUs)andthefinitedifferencegridcellsemployedbyMODFLOWandRT3Darepresented,aswellasthepre-processingcoderoutinesrequiredtoformulatethislinkage.AnapplicationoftheSWAT-MODFLOW-RT3DmodeltotheNorthForkoftheSpragueRiverWatershed(759km )insouthernOregon,UnitedStates,ispresented,withbothhydrologic(e.g.,streamandgroundwaterdischarge,andwatertablecomparison)andnutrient(e.g.,in-streamandgroundwaternitrateconcentrations,in-streamnitrateloading)system-responsevariablestestedagainstmeasureddata.Resultsshowthatin-streamnitrateloadingssimulatedbySWAT-MODFLOW-RT3DmatchedwellwiththeobservedfielddataascomparedtotheSWATsimulation.Inaddition,resultsshowthatnitratemassismainlyconcentratedalongtherivercorridorinthewesternregionoftheBasin.KeywordsSWAT-MODFLOW-RT3Dmodel;Nitratetransport
*1 2 3 4 5
2
2015 SWAT Conference 90 Purdue University, USA
Session H2: Sediment, Nutrients, and Carbon
Improved simulation of edaphic and manure phosphorus loss in SWAT andTopoSWATAmyCollick ,TamieVeith ,DanielFuka ,PeterKleinman ,JenniferWeld ,PeterVadas ,MikeWhite ,R.DarenHarmel ,ZacharyEaston1. ResearchHydrologist,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AgriculturalEngineer,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.3. PostDoctoralResearcher,VirginiaTechUniversity.4. ResearchLeader/SoilScientist,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.5. GraduateStudent,ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity.6. SoilScientist,USDFRC,USDA-ARS.7. AgriculturalEngineer,GSWRL,USDA-ARS.8. SupervisoryAgriculturalEngineer,GSWRL,USDA-ARS.9. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTechUniversity.
AbstractWatershedmodelssuchastheSoilWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)and(APEX)arewidelyusedtoassesstheconsequencesofagriculturalnutrientmanagementpracticesonsolubleandparticulatephosphorus(P)lossinrunoff.SoilPcyclingroutinesusedinSWAT2012,however,donotsimulatetheshort-termeffectsofapplyingaconcentratedsourceofsolubleP,suchasamanure,tothesoilsurfacewhereitismostvulnerabletorunoff.WeaddedanewsetofsoilProutinestoSWAT2012tosimulatesurfaceappliedmanureatfieldandsubwatershedscaleswithinwatershedsinPennsylvaniaandTexas.WecorroboratedthenewPversionofSWATagainstthestandardSWATProutine.CorroborativesystemsinvolvedstandardSWAT,atopographicallydrivenversionofSWAT(TopoSWAT),andfiveand12yearsofmeasureddataunderfield-specific,historicalmanagementinformationinPennsylvaniaandTexas,respectively.Short-term“washoff”processesresultingfromprecipitationimmediatelyfollowingsurfaceapplicationofmanureswerecapturedwiththenewProutinewhereasthestandardroutinesresultedinlossesregardlessofmanureapplication.Thenewroutinesimprovedsensitivitytokeyfactorsinnutrientmanagement(i.e.,timing,rate,method,andformofPapplication).OnlythenewProutinesindicatedecreasesinsolublePlossesformanureapplicationsatone,fiveand10days,respectively,beforeastormevent.UnlikewithstandardProutines,thenewProutinesexhibitgreatervariationamongproportionsoforganic,particulateandsolublePcorrespondingtospreadingmethod.Resultssuggestsimilarrevisionstootheragroecosystemwatershedmodelswouldbeappropriate.
*1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9
2015 SWAT Conference 91 Purdue University, USA
Session H3: BMPs
Evaluation of the two-stage ditch as a best management practiceAndiHodaj ,LauraBowling,CibinRaj,IndrajeetChaubey1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractArtificialdrainagehaslongbeenanimportantcomponentofagricultureinthepoorly-drainedregionsoftheUSCornBelt.Continuedincreasesindrainageintensityfunnelmorewaterintoexistingdrainageditches,resultinginhigherfloodstages,moreerosivewatervelocitiesanddecreasedtimeforin-channelnutrientprocessing.Thetwo-stageditchisatypeofin-streamrestorationthatinvolvesmodificationofatrapezoidaldrainageditchtoresemblemorethefeaturesofanaturalstream.Theideaistocreateorsimulateextendedbenchesonbothsidesoftheditchthatwoulddevelopnaturallyoveraperiodoftimeinastreambecauseofgeomorphologicalprocesses.Thesein-channelfloodplainsprovideagreaterflowareaduringhighfloweventsandofferthepotentialtoreducesedimentloadandextendtheinteractiontimebetweenwaterandvegetationonthebenches,allowinglargeruptakeofnutrientsandincreasingthedenitrificationratesinthebenchsoil.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)hydrologicmodelhasrecentlybeenmodifiedtorepresentthetwo-stageditchasaconservationpractice.Processesthatarerepresentedinthemodelinclude:velocityreductionsduetothechangeinchannelgeometry,particlesettling,plantnutrientuptakeanddenitrificationonthebenchesofthetwo-stageditch.Themodelisevaluatedusingdatacollectedfromatwo-stageditchconstructedattheThrockmortonPurdueAgriculturalCenter(TPAC)nearLafayette,IndianainSeptember2012.Itdrainsanareaofapproximately2.7km2offarmlandusedforcornandsoybeanproduction.Simulationresultsfor30yearsofweatherdataindicatedtheimpactofthetwo-stageditchonreducingpeakflowrates,floodstageandnutrientloads.Forthis30yearperiod,1985–2014,theresultsshowedreductionsofupto40%ofpeakflowvelocities,35%reductionperkmoftwo-stageditch,ofsedimentbasinoutput,10–80%reductionintotalphosphorusoutputand0–15%reductionintotalnitrogen.Keywordstwo-stageditch,SWAT,routingnutrients
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 92 Purdue University, USA
Session H3: BMPs
Assessing the Impact of Alternative Management Strategies in a Dairy-dominated Agricultural Watershed Vulnerable to High Sediment and P
RunoffAlexisHeim ,PaulBaumgart ,KevinFermanich1. EnvironmentalScienceandPolicyGraduateStudent,UniversityofWisconsin-GreenBay.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. WatershedAnalyst,UniversityofWisconsin-GreenBay.3. ProfessorofNaturalandAppliedScience,UniversityofWisconsin-GreenBay.AbstractPlumCreek,Wrightstown,WI(90.1km )isapredominatelyagriculturalwatershedwhichcontributessubstantialloadsofphosphorus(P)andsedimenttotheLowerFoxRiver.Theaverageannualyieldofphosphorusbetween2011and2014was2.37kg/haataUSGSstationlocatedonthemainstemofPlumwithadrainageareaof52.5km .Approximately90%ofthesediment,and75%ofphosphorusannualloadoccursduringlessthan14daysperyear.UnderstandingtheimpactofvariouslandmanagementactivitiesinrelationtohighlyeventdrivenloadsisacriticalaspecttoreducingPandsedimentloadingtoPlumCreekandmeetingwaterqualitygoalsfortheLowerFoxRiverandLowerGreenBay.Inthisstudy,weusedtheSoilWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)toassesswaterqualityandhydrologicresponseunderalternativelanduse/managementconditions.WaterqualitydatacollectedatthemainstemmonitoringstationinWaterYears2011and2012wereusedtocalibratethemodel.WY2013datafromtheMainBranchwasusedtovalidatetheSWATmodel.ThispaperfocusesonBMPmodelingmethodsofthestudy.Dairygrazing,covercropping,increasedconservationtillage,andreducedsoiltestPwerechosenastargetBMPpractices.SuitesoftheseBMPswerealsomodeledforacombinationeffect.ItwasfoundthatreducingsoiltestPalonecouldreducePrunoffbyabout16%fromthewatershed.Phosphorusandsedimentreductionsfromconservationtillagerangedfrom23-39%and26-50%,formanagedgrazing20-47%and22-55%,andcovercropping18-25%and20-27%,respectively.TheseresultsareencouragingconsideringthatothermodelingprojectsfortheBayofGreenBayindicatethatatleasta50%totalloadreductionwillbeneededtomeetTMDLrequirements.Thesepracticesimpactroughly14%oftheloadtoGreenBay,consequentlyeffectiveandefficientBMPswillberequiredtoimprovewaterquality.KeywordsSWATmodel,waterquality,landmanagement,BMP,sediment,phosphorus
*1 2 3
22
2015 SWAT Conference 93 Purdue University, USA
Session H3: BMPs
Multisite Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of a SWAT Model on aSelected Urban Watershed in Metropolitan Atlanta, GeorgiaNahalHoghooghi ,DavidRadcliffe1. Ph.DCandidate/Researchassistant.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor.
AbstractTheobjectivewastostresstheimportanceofsimultaneousmultisiteapplicationinwatershedcalibrationandsensitivityanalysistoobtainmorerepresentativeparametervaluesincomparisonwithsinglesitecalibration.A44km watershedlocatedinmetropolitanAtlanta,Georgiaanda2km sub-basinwithinthiswatershedwithmainlyurbanlanduseandsepticsystemswereselectedtosimulateflowinstreamsusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).TheprecipitationandtemperaturedatawasobtainedthroughthePRISM(Parameter-elevationRegressiononIndependentSlopesModel)climateandweathersystem.Themodelwasrunfrom2008to2014with4yearswarmupandadailytimestep.StreamdischargeforthewatershedwasobtainedfromUSGSgagedstationattheoutletofthiswatershed,andforthesub-basinwasgatheredfromanungaggedstreamwhichwasequippedwithanautomatedgagerecorderfrom2012to2014.Formodelcalibrationandsensitivityanalysissoftware,SWAT-CUPSUFI-2andmanualcalibrationwereusedandNashSutcliffeEfficiency(NSE)waschosenasanobjectivefunction.CalibratedmodelforthewatershedstreamflowshowedthedailyNSEwas0.74withap-factorof0.66.Themodeldidn’tshowagoodNSEforthesub-basin.Moredetailedresultsofthisstudywillbepresentedanddiscussed.
*1 2
2 2
2015 SWAT Conference 94 Purdue University, USA
Session I1: EPIC/APEX Modeling System
Is site-specific APEX calibration necessary for field scale BMP assessment?AnomaaSenaviratne ,ClaireBaffaut ,JohnLory ,RanjithUdawatta1. ResearchSpecialist,PlantScienceDivision,UniversityofMissouri.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchHydrologistUsda-ArsCroppingSystemsandWaterQualityResearchUnit.3. ExtensionAssociateProfessorDivisionofPlantSciences,UniversityofMissouri.4. AssociateResearchProfessorSoil,EnvironmentalandAtmosphericSciences,UniversityofMissouri.AbstractThepossibilityofextendingparametersetsobtainedatonesitetositeswithsimilarcharacteristicsisappealing.Thisstudywasundertakentotestmodelperformanceandcomparetheeffectivenessofbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)usingthreeparameterssetsobtainedfromthreewatershedswhenappliedtoafourthone.Thefirstwatershedwasano-tillcorn-soybeanfieldinnortheastMissouri,during1993-1997(parameterization1).Thesecondonewasthesamewatershedduring1998-2008aftertheestablishmentofagro-forestrybuffers(parameterization2).Thethirdwatershedwasacorn-soybeanfield,90-kmfromtheNoveltysiteandwiththesameclaypansoils(parameterization3).Anadjoiningfieldwithterraces,agrasswaterway,andwintercover-crops,andmonitoredduring2011-2013wasusedasthevalidationwatershed.Modelperformanceforrunoffwasgoodwithallthreeparameterizations;coefficientofvariation(r ):0.7to0.8,Nash-SutcliffeCoefficient(NSC):0.3to0.6,andpercentbias(Pbias):-20to6%.Modelperformanceforsedimentwasgoodonlywithparameterizations1and3(r :~0.5,NSC:0.4to0.5andPbias:23to53%).Fortotalphosphorus(TP),modelperformancewasgoodonlywithparameterization3(r :0.9,NSC:0.5andPbias:66%).Thirty-yearaverageannualpredictionsvariedbetweenthethreeparameterizationsby1-51%.However,therelativereductionsinrunoff,sedimentandTPremainedwithin12%.AllparameterizationspredictedterraceswerethemosteffectiveforsedimentandTP,andcovercropsforrunoff.AllthreeparametrizationsshowedgoodrobustnessinquantifyingtherelativeeffectivenessofBMPs.
*1 2 3 4
2
2
2
2015 SWAT Conference 95 Purdue University, USA
Session I1: EPIC/APEX Modeling System
Future EPIC to SWAT LinkagesVerelBenson1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractOverthelast5plusyearsDr.BensonandtheUNCInstitutefortheEnvironmenthavebeenworkingforEPAtobuildasystemofEPICdatasetstomakesimulationsforupto21cropsforeach12kmgridintheU.S.,SouthernCanadaandNorthernMexico.Thishasresultedinapproximately250,000setsofEPICdatasets.Currentanalysisunderwayforbiofuelassessmenthasresultedinabout500,000EPICsetsoffilestolookatcropsonoriginalrepresentativesoilsandonsoilspreviouslyinothercrops.FutureglobalwarmingassessmentwillresultinmoreEPICdatasets.ThereisapotentiallinkagebetweenSWATand/orAPEXandtheseEPICdatasetsanddailyoutputfiles.ThispresentationdescribesthesystemusedtogeneratetheEPICfilesandshowssomecurrentapplicationresults.ThepotentialforcooperativeeffortswithSWATandAPEXmodelersisconsiderable.
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 96 Purdue University, USA
Session I2: Landscape Processes and Landscape / River Continuum
Soft-Data Considerations in Modeling Watershed-Scale Phosphorus Loads inthe St. Croix Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin, USAJimAlmendinger1. Seniorscientist,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractLakeSt.Croixisa40-kmlongriverinelakethatliesattheterminusofits20,000-km watershed,whichstraddlestheborderbetweenMinnesotaandWisconsin.Thelakeisimpairedbyculturaleutrophicationdrivenbyexcessphosphorus(P)loadscominglargelyfromagriculturalnonpointsources.TobetterunderstandnonpointPsourceandtransportfactors,weconstructedaSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modeloftheSt.Croixbasin.Given18yearsofobservedmonthlyPloadsfromwheretheSt.CroixRiverentersthelake(ourhard-datacalibrationtarget),wecouldcalibratethemodelwithanynumberofnon-uniqueparametersets.Toconstrainthecalibration,weconsideredsoft-datatargetsfromtheliterature.Tostart,weadjustedsoilchemistryparameterstoproduceaveragetotalphosphorusyieldsofabout1-2kg/ha/yrfromchisel-plowedrowcrops,whichprovidedabenchmarkforparameterizingotherlanduses.Thenrunoffwasroutedthroughlowlands(pondsandwetlandsinSWAT),whichremovedabout10%ofthePload.Basedonhydraulicresidencetimeandmeandepth,lakesonthechannelnetworkwereparameterizedtotrapabout25%ofincomingPandforLakeSt.Croixtotrapabout30%ofincomingP,asdeterminedfrombothmonitoringandsedimentstudies.Finally,in-channelwater-qualityparameterswereadjustedinSWATtosmooththeseasonaldistributionofPloadsenteringLakeSt.Croix,reducingpeaksduringhigh-runoffmonthsandincreasingloadsduringlow-runoffmonths,suchthatthetotalannualPloadswereapproximatelyunchanged.Keywordsagriculture;nonpointsourcepollution;nutrients;phosphorus;phosphorusretention;softdata;surfacewaterhydrology;watershedmodel
*1
2
2015 SWAT Conference 97 Purdue University, USA
Session I2: Landscape Processes and Landscape / River Continuum
Using SWAT to Understand Stream Phosphorus Concentrations and theImportance of External Inputs and Internal ReactionsPaulMcGinley ,AmyTimm1. ProfessorofWaterResources,UniversityofWisconsin-StevensPoint.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractManagingstreamphosphorusconcentrationswillrequirelinkinglandscapenutrienttransferandin-streamreactiontothetemporalvariationsinstreamconcentrations.Thelargetemporalvariabilityinstreamphosphorusconcentrationsreflectsthetimingandmagnitudeofexternalinputsalongwithin-streamrouting,chemicalprocessesandbioticreactions.Inthisstudy,weincorporatedSWATinacombinedlandscapeandstreammodeltohelpassessthesensitivityofstreamphosphorusconcentrationstothesefactorsunderdifferenthydrologicconditions.OurmodelusesSWATwithanin-streamreactionmodelOTIS.TheSWATmodelingusedasub-hourlytime-stepandtheGreen-Amptinfiltrationmodeltoestimaterunoffandnutrienttransfer.The1-DOTISmodelincorporatedsorption,reactionandsedimentreleaseofphosphorus.Thelinkedmodelwasusedtocontrasttheimpactofexternalinputsandreactiononthetemporalvariabilityofstreamphosphorusconcentrationsinwatershedswithdifferenthydrologiccharacteristics.Ourresultsshowthatdetailedcharacterizationofgrowingseasonreactionsandhydrologiccharacteristicsisnecessarytosimulateconcentrationsinlowbaseflowstreams.Thisstudyimprovesourabilitytogeneralizethevariationsinstreamphosphorusconcentrationsandunderstandtherolethatmanagementcanhaveonchangingthoseconcentrations.KeywordsStreamphosphorusconcentrations,nutrienttransfer,in-streamnutrientreactions
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 98 Purdue University, USA
Session I2: Landscape Processes and Landscape / River Continuum
Assessing SWAT Model Capability in predicting the Areas Contributing Flowin an Agricultural WatershedGolmarGolmohammadi ,RameshRudra,TrevorDickinson,PradeepGoel1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractThisstudyisbeingconductedtoassessthecapabilityofSWATmodeltoidentifytheareaswhichcontributingtotheflowinawatershed.SWATmodelwasusedtoevaluatethehydrologyatGullyCreekWatershedlocatedinOntario.Dailystreamflowdatafrom12July2010,to30September2011,wereusedforcalibration,andthedatafrom1October2011to28March2012,wereusedtovalidatethemodelperformance.Inadditiontothedailystreamflowdata,theflow/noflowobservationswereavailablefor18differentmonitoringstationsat9differentevents(162eventsintotal;65flowobservedand97noflowobserved).Thecalibratedmodelwasalsousedtosimulatethestreamflowatthemonitoringstationsacrossthewatershed.Thesimulationresultsatthesestationswerecomparedtotheobservedflow/noflowdata.Theresultsshowedthat100%(65/65)oftheobservedfloweventswerepredictedbythemodelproperly,whileonly50%(49/97)oftheobservednofloweventswerepredictedbythemodel.Theimpactofnumberofsubbasinsoncapabilityofthemodeltopredicttheflow/noflowdataarebeingstudiedandtheresultswillbepresented.KeywordsHydrologicalmodeling;SWAT;DRAINMOD;SWATDRAIN;Watershedscale.
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 99 Purdue University, USA
Session I3: Large Scale Applications
Modeling Sediment and Nutrient Loads Input to the Chesapeake Bay andEffects of Conservation Practices on Water QualitySanthiChinnasamy1. ResearchScientist,BlacklandResearchandExtensionCenter,Temple,Texas.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractExcesssedimentandnutrientsdischargedintotheChesapeakeBayfromagriculturalland,urbanizedarea,forestsandmunicipalandindustrialdischargesinthewatershedhavecausedeutrophicationintheBayandinthesurroundingwaterbodies.DeterminingthemagnitudeofsedimentandnutrientloadsenteringChesapeakeBay,andevaluatingtheeffectsofcroplandconservationpracticesonwaterqualitywouldbeusefulforplanningandprioritizingmanagementefforts.Thefield-scalemodelAgriculturalPolicyEnvironmentalExtender(APEX)wasusedsimulatetheconservationpracticesoncroplandandConservationReserveProgramlandandassesstheedgeoffieldwaterqualitybenefits.PredictedflowandloadsfromAPEXwereinputtothewatershedscalemodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).SWATwasusedtosimulatethewatershedprocessesandestimatetheinstreamwaterqualitybenefits.SWATmodelwascalibratedforstreamflow,sedimentandnutrientsatmultiplesitesintheCBwatershed.Thesemodelswerethenusedto(1)estimatethesedimentandnutrientsenteringtheChesapeakeBay,and(2)estimatetheeffectsofvariouscroplandconservationpracticestrategiesonwaterqualityintheChesapeakeBay.Modelpredictionsindicatedthat6.9milliontonnesofsediment,140,476metrictonnesofnitrogenand6,845metrictonnesofphosphorusloadswereenteringtheBayasperbaselineconservationconditionin2006-06.Currentlyestablishedpracticesoncroplandwerepredictedtoreducethesediment,nitrogenandphosphoruslossesfromedgeoffieldwithineach8-digitwatershedsby54%,27%and58%,respectively.Thesepracticeswerepredictedtoreducethesediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadsenteringtheChesapeakeBayby16%,12%,and16%,respectively.AdditionalconservationtreatmentcanhelptofurtherreducetheloadstotheBayandmovetowardstheproposedsedimentandnutrienttargets.KeywordsCEAP,SWAT,APEX,ConservationPractices,ChesapeakeBay,Sediment,Nitrogen,Phosphorus
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 100 Purdue University, USA
Session I3: Large Scale Applications
Assessing sensitivity of UMRB agriculture and water resources to past andcurrent droughtNinaOmani ,IndrajeetChaubey ,PingLi1. PostDocResearchAssociate.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor.3. PhDStudent.
AbstractTheMidwestiscriticallyimportantfortheUSeconomyforitsagriculturalproduction.Although,somestudiesimplythattheclimatechangemayenhancethecertaincropyields,climatevariabilitymayhaveconsiderableimpactsoncropproductionandecohydrology.Forexample,heavyprecipitationeventswithincreasedfrequencymaydamagecrops,andincreasesoilerosionandpollutantlosses.Indrought-affectedareaslanddegradation,waterstressandcropdamageandfailuremayincrease.Inthisstudy,wefocusedintheUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB)locatedintheUSMidwest.Themajorobjectiveofthisstudywastoassesssensitivityofsimulatedcropyield,runoff,andwaterqualitytodroughtforhistoricandcurrentclimateconditions.Timeseriesofwaterquality,streamflowandcropyieldswereinvestigated.Waterqualityduringpastdroughtconditionswerecomparedtowaterqualityduringreferenceperiods,representingnormalhydrologicalconditions.Wecalibratedandvalidatedsimulatedmonthlyflow,sediment,totalN,totalP,organicNloadsandconcentrations.TheinitialresultsindicatedthattheSWATmodelsuccessfullysimulatedtheannualcropyieldandwaterquality,streamflowandthetrendsforcurrentclimate(1970-2010).Wewilldiscusstheimpactsofdroughtoncropproductionandecohydrologyindetailinthispresentation.KeywordsUMRB,drought,crop,waterquality,SWAT
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 101 Purdue University, USA
Session I3: Large Scale Applications
Impact of Tile Drainage on Sediment Losses in an Agricultural Watershedusing SWATDRAINGolmarGolmohammadi ,RameshRudra,ShivPrasher,AliMadani,PradeepGoel1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractTheDRAINMODmodelwasrecentlyincorporatedintoSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)model,andtheresultingmodel,calledSWATDRAIN,cansimulatebothsurfaceandsubsurfacehydrologyoftile-drainedwatershedsverywell.Inthisstudy,SWATDRAINwasevaluatedusingmeasuredstreamflowandsedimentloadsdatainapartiallytile-drainedwatershedinOntario,Canada.Simulationswerecarriedoutovera10-yearperiod,from1975to1985;the1975-1980datawereusedformodelcalibrationandthe1981-1985datawereusedforvalidation.Alongwithhydrographs,theNash-Sutcliffeefficiency(NSE),percentbias(PBIAS)andR2statisticswereusedinevaluatingtheaccuracyofSWATDRAINstreamflowandsedimentpredictionsinlightofmeasuredvalues.Duringbothcalibrationandvalidationperiods,SWATDRAINsimulatedthehydrologicresponseandsedimentloadsattheoutletofthewatershedbetterthanSWAT.Ourresultsalsoshowthatwhiletheaverageannualsimulatedstreamflow,withnotiledrainage,wasnotmuchdifferentthanthestreamflowwithtiledrainage,thesedimentload,however,increasedsignificantlywithnotiledrainage,whichmightbeduetotheincreaseinsurfacerunoff.KeywordsHydrologicalmodeling,SWAT,DRAINMOD,SWATDRAIN,Sedimentlosses.
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 102 Purdue University, USA
Session J1: Hydrology
Comparison of the tile drainage routine performance in SWAT 2009 and2012 in the Little Vermillion River WatershedTianGuo ,BernardEngel ,JeffreyArnold ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,MichaelHirschi1. ResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,PurdueUniversity.3. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.4. Professor,TexasA&MUniversity.5. SeniorEngineer,WaterborneEnvironmental,Inc..
AbstractSubsurfacedrainagesystemsarecommonpracticesinagriculturalwatershedsintheMidwesternU.S.SubsurfacedrainagesystemsenabletheMidwestareatobecomehighlyproductiveagriculturallands,butalsocreateenvironmentalproblems,likenitrate-Ncontaminationandpesticidetransport.SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)hasbeenwidelyusedtomodelwatershedswithtiledrainage.However,SWAT2009revision528andSWAT2012revision645providedifferenttiledrainageroutines,andtheappropriateroutineforsimulatinghydrologicprocessesandnutrientlossesinLittleVermilionRiverWatershed(LVRW)andsimilarwatershedswasunclear.Moreover,SWAT2012revision645improvedthecurvenumbercalculationmethodbasedonsoilmoisture,whichhasnotbeenfullytested.Thisstudyusedlong-term(1991-2003)monitoringfieldsiteandriverstationdatafromLVRWtoevaluateperformanceoftiledrainageroutinesinSWAT2009revision528(theoldroutine)andSWAT2012revision645(thenewroutine).Uncalibratedsimulateddaily,monthlyandyearlytileflow,surfaceflow,nitrate-Nintileandsurfaceflow,sedimentandannualcornandsoybeanyieldresultsfromSWATwiththeoldandnewtiledrainageroutineswerecomparedwithobservedvalues.Statisticalanalysissuchaspercenterror(Pbias),coefficientofdetermination(R ),Nash-Sutcliffeefficiency(NSE),themodifiedNSEandKling-Guptaefficiency(KGE)werecalculated.Theresultsshowedthatbothroutinesprovidedreasonableresultsbutnotsatisfactoryuncalibratedflowandnitratelossresultsandthenewroutinehadpooreruncalibratedresults.Parametersdescribingtileandsurfaceflow,groundwater,evapotranspiration,andnutrientandsedimentroutineprocesseswillbeselectedforsensitivityanduncertaintyanalysistodeterminevaluesorpotentialrangesforparametersandmodelcalibration.SWATwithbothroutineswillbecalibratedandvalidatedatfieldsitesandriverstations.Pbias,R ,NSE,themodifiedNSEandKGEwillbeusedformodelvalidation.TheresultscandeterminewhichroutineprovidesabettermodelfitandallowselectionofthemostappropriatetiledrainageroutinesuitableformodelingLVRWandsimilarwatersheds.Keywordssubsurfaceflow,surfaceflow,sedimentload,nitratelosses,cropyields,SWAT,tiledrainageroutine,curvenumber
*1 2 3 4 5
2
2
2015 SWAT Conference 103 Purdue University, USA
Session J1: Hydrology
Multi-objective calibration approach for SWAT by using spatially distributedremotely sensed/in-situ soil moisture dataMohammadAdnanRajib ,VenkateshMerwade1. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.2. AssociateProfessor,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractTheobjectiveofthisstudyistoevaluatethepotentialofusingspatiallydistributedsurfaceandrootzonesoilmoistureestimatesincalibrationofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)towardsimprovingitshydrologicpredictabilitywithreducedequifinality.TheproposedcalibrationapproachisperformedusingremotelysensedAdvancedMicrowaveScanningRadiometer-EarthObservingSystem(AMSR-E)surfacesoilmoisture(~1cmtopsoil)estimatesateachsub-basinlevelinconjunctionwithobservedstreamflowdataatthewatershed'soutlet.Althoughapplicationofremotesensingdataincalibrationimprovessurfacesoilmoisturesimulation,otherhydrologiccomponentssuchasstreamflow,evapotranspiration(ET)anddeeperlayermoisturecontentinSWATremainlessaffected.Anextensionofthisapproachtoalsoincluderootzonesoilmoistureestimatesfromlimitedfieldsensordatashowedconsiderableimprovementinsimulatingstreamflowandtherootzonesoilmoisture.Differenceinrelativesensitivityofparametersandreducedextentofuncertaintyarealsoevidentfromtheproposedmethod,especiallyforparametersrelatedtothesubsurfacehydrologicprocesses.WhiletheresultsfromthisstudyshowthatrootzonesoilmoisturecanplayamajorroleinSWATcalibration,morestudiesincludingvarioussoilmoisturedataproductsarenecessarytovalidatetheproposedapproach.KeywordsAMSR-E,calibration,multi-objective,remotesensing,rootzone,soilmoisture,SWAT,uncertainty
1 *2
2015 SWAT Conference 104 Purdue University, USA
Session J1: Hydrology
Hydrologic Similarity Analysis by Unsupervised Classification of watershed’sSoft Data Received from the SWAT Model.DhaneshYeganantham ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,FranciscoOlivera1. GraduateStudent,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. SpatialSciencesLaboratory,TexasA&MUniversity.3. AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity.
AbstractTheuseofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)toeffectivelymodelthewatershedisconstrainedbytheavailabilityofdataforparametercalibrationandvalidation.Tomodelungaggedwatersheds,theparameterscouldbetransferredfromhydrologicallysimilargaugedwatersheds.Thisstudyaimsatquantifyinghydrologicsimilaritybetweenwatersheds.Mostofthereportedstudiesuseeitherthewatershedresponseoritsmorphologytotestthehydrologicalsimilarity,and,insomecases,thegeographicallyclosewatershedsareconsideredtobehydrologicallysimilar.Inthisstudy,theremotesenseddataofthelanduse,soilcharacteristicsandtheDigitalElevationModel(DEM)ofthewatershedalongwithmeasuredwheatherdatacanbeusedtoperformanunsupervisedclassificationofthewatersheds.Someofthesedatahavequantitativevaluesandsomeofthemareclasses.Allthesedatarepresentsthehydrologicprocesshappeninginthebasinand,ontopofthat,ithassomeredundantinformation.Hence,itisplannedtofeedthesedataintotheSWATmodelandthegettheflowoutputs,thentheflowoutputswillbeusedtoclassifythebasin.Thismethod,inaway,woulddiscardredundantinformationandusethecorrectweightagefortheremotelysensedandweatherdataforclassifyingthebasin.TheFuzzy-C-Meansanalysiswillbeusedfortheunsupervisedclassification.Thevalidationofthismethodwillbedonebycross-comparingwithothermethodsofhydrologicsimilarityandalsoanalyzingtheperformanceofthetransferredparametersintheungaugedwatersheds.KeywordsPredictionsinungaugedbasins,HydrologicSimilarity,SWAT
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 105 Purdue University, USA
Session J2: Large Scale Applications
Recent Technological Advancement and Sustainable Solutions for FloodIssues in North BiharMURLIDharSingh ,NarendraKumarTiwary ,SanjayKumarSrivastava ,ShashiSinha1. Professor,EnvironmentandDrainage,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,Research,ArpandPim,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.3. Reader,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.4. AssistantProfessor,ComputerProgrammer,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.
AbstractBiharisgeographicallysituatedinsuchawaythatithasmanynaturalperennialriverscomingfromtheHimalayasthroughNepalandTibet.Theseriversaremostlyalluvial&therefore,unstable.Theconstant&unpredictableshiftingofrivercourses(duetoheavysiltload)carrieseveryyearuntoldlossandmiserytomillions.LongTermmeasureslikedam/storagereservoirformoderatingfloodisnotpossibleatthisstagebecausesuitablesitesarenotsituatedinthisstatebuttheseareinNepalTerritory.Floodembankmentsinalengthof3430km.havebeenconstructedsofaralongtheriverslikeGandak,BurhiGandak,Bagmati,Kamla,Kosi&Mahanandaetc.toprotectanareaof2.916MillionHa.onlyoutoftotalfloodaffectedareaof6.88MillionHa.ManysmallHimalayanRivershavenotbeenembankedortrainedtillnow.Theseriversareverymuchfuriousduringtheflood.Unexpectedpopulationgrowth,unplanneddevelopmentactivities(roads,bridges,culverts)carriedbydifferentgovt.agencieshaveencroachedthenaturalwaterway,thusduringflooditcreatesdrainagecongestion.Therefore,peopleareforcedtoliveinfloodortofacethefloodmenaceeveryyear.Thoughalotoffloodcontrolworkshasbeenexecutedeveryyearwiththeresourceavailableforfloodsector,peoplearenotgettingexpectedbenefits.Methodologyadoptedinpracticebythedeptt.forplanning,monitoring&constructionoffloodcontrolworkshasbeendescribedhere.Butnow,theneedforacomprehensivestudyonriverbehavior,training&controlhasbeenfeltintotality(Basinwise).AholisticapproachisrequiredindetailhydrologicalstudyofeachriverofNorthBihartakingthecatchmentsareathatliesinNepalandotherinternationalboundaries.Climatechange,itsconsequentialeffectandthelikelystatisticalforecast,whichcangivearealscenariooftheriverbehavior.Thecompleterivermodelsusingsatelliteimageryandgrounddatashallbeessential.ThestudyofcompleteriversofNorthBiharanditsbehaviorcanworkoutpossiblesustainablesolutionsofdisastrousfloodissuesinBihar.Theavailablemodelscanbeusedforthestudy.Atimeframeoffiveyearscanbetaken.Thepoliticalwillcangiveasustainablesolutionforthebenefitofpeople.InthisbackgroundastudyofNorthBiharRivershavebeenmadewiththelatestmodelingandsimulationtool,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTools(SWAT)andtheresultshavebeenfoundencouraginginassessmentofquality&quantityofwaterandsedimentation.SinceSWATisapublicdomainmodelcontaining350subroutineswritteninFORTRANhenceitisbeingmodifiedandcustomizedforBiharRiversforvariouspurposeslikefloodforecasting,inundationmapping,climatechangestudiesetc.forachievingsustainablesolutionsforfloodissues.KeywordsSWAT,FORTRAN,HYDROLOGY,CLIMATECHANGE,FLOODFORECASTING,INUNDATIONMAPPING,
*1 2 3 4
2015 SWAT Conference 106 Purdue University, USA
Session J2: Large Scale Applications
Characterization of climate and land use change impacts on blue and greenwater dynamics over the Ohio River basinLiuyingDu ,MohammadAdnanRajib ,VenkateshMerwade1. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity,USA.2. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity,USA.3. AssociateProfessor,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractImpactsofclimateandlandusechangeontheoverallwateravailabilitycanbeanalyticallycomprehendedintermsoflong-termtrendsinbluewater(BW;surfacerunoffanddeepaquiferrecharge)andgreenwater(GW;soilwatercontentandactualevapotranspiration).Theobjectivesofthisstudyareto:(i)conductacomprehensiveassessmentofthespatialandtemporaltrendsinBWandGWunderthehistoricalclimateandlanduseconditionsintheOhioRiverBasin(490,000km )from1935to2014;and(ii)quantifytherelativeeffectsofclimateandlandusechangesonBWandGW.SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)isadoptedtosimulatethehydrologicfluxesfortheentirebasin,andtheMann-KendallandTheil-Sentestsareemployedtodetectthestatisticaltrendsseparatelyattheentirebasin,regional,andsub-basinlevels.DespitetheoverallvolumetricincreaseinbothBWandGWovertheentirebasin,thechangesintheirannualaveragevaluesduringtheperiodofsimulationrevealadistinctivespatialpattern.ResultsshowthatGWhasincreasedsignificantlyintheupperandlowerpartsofthebasininresponsetotheprominentlandusechangeintheseareas,butBWhasincreasedsignificantlyonlyinthelowerpartinresponsetotheprecipitationchange.Furthermore,byseparatingthecontributionsofclimateandlandusechange,itisfoundthattheeffectofclimatechangeonBWismoresignificantcomparedtoGW.LandusechangehasincreasedGWremarkably,buthasledtodecreasesinBW.TheresultsfromthisstudyhelpunderstandthecollectiveinfluenceofnaturalandanthropogenicimpactsonhydrologicresponsesintheOhioRiverbasin.KeywordsSWAT,greenwater,bluewater,climatechange,landusechange,Ohio,trendanalysis
1 2 *3
2
2015 SWAT Conference 107 Purdue University, USA
Session J2: Large Scale Applications
Impact of non-point source pollution on water quality of Pengxi River usingSWAT model after 175-meter water project operation of the Three Gorges
DamYingyuanShi ,WanshunZhang ,GaohongXu ,SijiaYang ,YongguiWang ,XiaoyanZheng1. WuhanUniversity.2. WuhanUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. ChangJiangWaterResourcesCommission.4. WuhanUniversity.5. WuhanUniversity.6. WuhanUniversity.AbstractThedegradationofwaterquality,extentofeutrophicationandalgaebloomintributariesoftheThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR)arebecomingincreasinglycritical.Pollutantsaremainlysourcedfromnon-pointsourcepollutioninthereservoir,providingrichresourcesofnitrogenandphosphorusforalgaegrowth.Inadditiontothenutrientinputs,thechangesofhydrodynamicconditionsalsoplayanimportantroleinwaterqualitydegradationandalgaebloomproblems.Since2013,theThreeGorgesdamhasreachedasufficientwater-levelschedulingintervalfrom145to175meters.Whichnotonlychangesthehydrodynamiccharacteristicsofthetributaries,butalsocreatesa30-meterwater-level-fluctuation(WLF)zonewhereagriculturalactivitiesareactiveinsomeareas.Asaresult,thesoilandvegetationpatternsinthe30-meterWLFzonehavebeenalteredevidently.PengxiRiverisanimportantandrepresentativetributaryoftheTGR.PeoplelivingalongtheriverlikegrowingcropsintheWLFzoneduringlow-water-levelperiod.DifferentdegreesofalgaebloomhavebeenreportedatPengxiRiversince175-meterimpoundment.Inordertoinvestigateimpactsofnon-pointsourcepollutiononwaterquality,PengxiRiverwasstudiedinthisstudy,withcoupledSWATmodelandone-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodel.ForSWATsimulation,thedifferentterrestrialconditionsinPengxiRiverbasinbasedon145-meterand175-meterimpoundmentscenarioswereanalysed,especiallythechangesoflandusesandagriculturalpracticeswithin30-meterWLFzonearemainlyconsidered.Forriverwaterqualitysimulation,theone-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelwasappliedwithusingtheSWATresultsasconfluentboundaryconditions.TheSWATresultsshowedthatcontaminantsmainlysourcedfrom30-meterWLFzoneledtosignificantincreasesofpollutantconcentrationsduring175-meterimpoundment.Largeamountofnutrientsandresiduesleftbyagriculturalpracticesin30-meterWLFzoneduring145-meterwater-levelperiod,werethenbroughtintowaterbodyduring175-meterwater-levelperioddirectly,contributingsignificantlytoeutrophication.Secondly,alongwiththewaterdepthrising,theflowrateswasdecreasing,inPengxiRiverafter175-meterimpoundment.Whenthepollutantsresidencetimebecomelonger,theirdegradationratesbecomelowercomparingwiththeperiodbefore175-meterimpoundment.Thesechangescreatefavorableenvironmentforalgaegrowth,furtherresultinginalgaebloom.Prohibitionofagriculturalactivitiesin30-meterWLFzoneisrecommended.KeywordsThreeGorgesreservoir;Non-pointsourcepollution;PengxiRiver;SWATmodel.
1 *2 3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 108 Purdue University, USA
Session J2: Large Scale Applications
Research on watershed for non-point source pollution in the Three GorgesReservoir based on SWATJingWan ,WanshunZhang ,GaohongXu ,YongguiWang ,XiaoyanZheng1. student,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. teacher,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.3. BureauofHydrology,ChangjiangWaterResourcesCommission.4. student,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.5. student,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.
AbstractThreeGorgesProjectistheworld'slargesthydroelectricproject,anditisofgreatimportanceonfloodcontrolandelectricgeneration.ThecatchmentofThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR)coversanareaofapproximately58,000km .Ithasmorethan40majorsub-basins.Withthecountry'sstrategicplanformakingtheYangtzeRiverbecomethegoldenwaterway,thewaterpollutionregulationofTGRisparticularlyimportant.Controllingnon-pointsourcepollutionhasgraduallybecomeanimportantcontroltargetsincethecofferdamwaterimpoundmentofTGR.ExploringthedifferentiationregularityofTGRfornon-pointsourcepollutionisimportantforthegovernmenttodevelopascientificandrationalwaterqualitycontrolprogram.Toidentifythemainareasthatcausedpollutionloads,theSWATmodelwasappliedtosimulatenon-pointsourcepollutioninthelargescalebasinofTGR.TheThreeGorgesReservoirbasinwasdividedinto49sub-basins.Theland-usedatain2013andsoildatain2013wereusedinthemodel,andthelandwasclassifiedintothirteentypes.Thesoildatacontainseventypes.TheSWATmodelusedinTGRhadbeenincalibrationandinvalidationbyusinghydrologyandwaterqualitydatain2006and2010.TheR AnalysisandNashSutcliffewasusedtoanalysisprecisionandpredictivepowerofSWATmodelswhichshowsthatthemodelwassuitabletosimulatednon-pointsourcepollutioninTGR.TheSWATresultsalsopresentedthatpollutantsinTGRweremainlynitrogen(N)andphosphorus(P).Duetoasignificantdifferenceofrainfall,landuseandsoiltype,thesub-basinsoftheThreeGorgesBasinhavedifferentpollutionload.KeywordsThreeGorgesReservoir;SWAT;non-pointsourcepollution
*1 2 3 4 5
2
2
2015 SWAT Conference 109 Purdue University, USA
Session J3: Database and GIS Application and Development
A Geospatial Modeling Interface (GMI) for SWAT Model Deployment andEvaluationJamesC.AscoughII ,JeffreyG.Arnold ,NathanP.Lighthart1. HydrologicEngineer,USDA-ARSAgriculturalSystemsResearchUnit.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARSGrasslandSoilandWaterResearchLaboratory.3. ResearchAssociate,ColoradoSt.University.
AbstractGeographicalinformationsystems(GIS)softwarepackageshavebeenusedfornearlythreedecadesasanalyticaltoolsinnaturalresourcemanagementforgeospatialdataassembly,processing,storage,andvisualizationofinputdataandmodeloutput.However,withincreasingavailabilityanduseoffull-featuredgeospatialdatamanagementtools,suchascommercial(e.g.,ArcGISandIDRISI)andpublicdomainopensource(e.g.,GRASS,QuantumGIS,MapWindow,uDIG)GIS,newissueshavesurfacedregardingapplicationofnaturalresourcemodelstoarangeofspatialscalesandtheroleofgeospatialdatatoolsandanalyticaltechniquesindecisionmaking.WithincreasedavailabilityofpowerfulPCs,cloudcomputingplatforms,andweb-basedGIStoolsandaccesstogeospatialdatasets,itisquitecommontoseenaturalresourcemodelsoriginallydevelopedforsmall-scale,site-specificanalysesnowbeingappliedtonewdomains/problems,and,throughGIS,toverylargeareastoexaminespatio-temporalvariationsinenvironmentalimpactassessment.ThispresentationprovidesanoverviewoftheGMI(GeospatialModelingInterface)simulationframeworkforSWATmodeldeploymentandevaluation.InadditiontoSWAT,GMIalsoprovidesaccesstootherenvironmentalandagroecosystemmodelsincludingAgroEcoSystem-Watershed(AgES-W),NitrateLeachingandEconomicAnalysis2(NLEAP2),andRootZoneWaterQualityModel2(RZWQM2).GMIdataprocessingandvisualizationfeaturesincludebutarenotlimitedto:1)editingandvisualizationofgeospatialmodelinputdata;2)theabilitytoinputmeasuredexperimentaldataforrobuststatisticalmodelevaluation;and3)geospatialoutputvisualizationacrossspace,time,andmodelingscenariosincludingcapabilitiesforreal-timepost-processing(e.g.,on-the-flycolorramping)andquerying.GMIleveragesanopensourceGISplatformthatintegratesOpenGeospatialConsortiumstandards(asimplementedinGeoTools–http://www.geotools.org)withinNASA'sWorldWindJavaSDK.TheoverallvisionoftheGMIdevelopmenteffortisthecreationofageospatialmodelingframeworkthatallowsrapidintegrationofenvironmentalmodelssuchasSWATandenables/enhancesthescientificmodelingprocessthroughstate-of-the-artgeospatialvisualizationcomponents.KeywordsSWAT,Modelvisualization,Environmentalmodeling,GIS,Interface,Models,Geospatialanalysis
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 110 Purdue University, USA
Session J3: Database and GIS Application and Development
Prioritizing Water Quality Improvement Efforts on Agricultural Lands UsingReadily Available GIS DataTheresaNelson ,AaronRuesch1. WaterResourcesEngineer,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. WaterQualityModeler,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.
AbstractWiththerecentdevelopmentandapprovalofseverallarge-scaletotalmaximumdailyload(TMDL)projectsinWisconsin,aneedforimplementationtargetinghasbeenidentifiedbytheWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandcountylandconservationstaff.DuringthedevelopmentoftheTMDL,subbasinsthatcontributehigherpollutantloadsareidentified,oftenthroughtheapplicationofmodelslikeSWAT.Inordertoimplementmanagementpracticestoreducetheloadingfromthosesubbasins,prioritizingneedstobedoneatapproximatelythefieldscale-thescaleatwhichprojectscanbepracticallyimplemented.Toaddressthisneed,theWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasdevelopedEVAAL–ErosionVulnerabilityAssessmentforAgriculturalLands.TheGIS-basedtoolevaluateslocationsofrelativevulnerabilitytosheet,rill,andgullyerosionusingreadilyavailableinformationabouttopography,soils,andlandcover.Thistoolenableswatershedmanagerstoprioritizefield-scaledatacollectionefforts,thussavingtimeandmoneywhileincreasingtheprobabilityoflocatingandaddressingfieldswithhighsedimentandnutrientexport.ThecurrentversionofEVAALusesassumptionsregardingtillagetypesforvariouscroprotationpractices.Sincetillagepractices,andtheresultingamountofresiduecover,cangreatlyimpacterosionandnutrientexport,itisadvantageoustorefinethoseassumptions.Thisispossiblethruanalysisofsatelliteimagerywiththecalculationofanormalizeddifferenttillageindex(NDTI).ThispresentationwillgiveanoverviewofEVAAL,showresultsofusingLandsatimagerytomappercentcropresiduecoverageandtheassociatedtillagetypes,anddemonstratetheresultingimprovementintheEVAALresults.
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 111 Purdue University, USA
Session J3: Database and GIS Application and Development
Impacts of Input Datasets on SWAT Model Performance and WatershedHydrologyAlekseySheshukov ,JungangGao1. AssistantProfessor,KansasStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralReseachAssociate,KansasStateUnviersity.
AbstractSWATrequiresalargesetofinputparametersanddatasetstobuildthewatershedmodel.Amongsuchinputsaregeospatialdatasetsoflanduse/landcover(LULC)andclimatedata.WithavailabilityofnewdatasetsintheUnitedStates,suchasNEXRADandPRISMforclimateandcustomizedyearlyNASSCDLmapsforLULC,thatcanreplacetraditionalnetworkofrelativelysparseNCDCweatherstationsandlimitedinlandusecategoriesNLCDlandcovermaps,SWATmodelperformanceisexpectedtoimprove.However,SWATmodelresponsetoinputdatasetvariabilityisnotwelldocumentedandthereexistsonlyafewcomparisonanalyseswithregardstotheirimpactsonwatershedhydrologysimulatedbythemodel.Thegoalofthestudywastoevaluatetheimpactofthreedifferentweatherdatasets(NCDC,NEXRAD,PRISM)andcroprotationpatternsinacustomizedLULCdatasetonmodelperformanceandwatershedhydrologyinawesternKansaswatershed.WhilegriddedNEXRADandPRISMdatasetsprovidedspatiallycontinuousweathercoverage,onlyPRISMimprovedSWATmodelperformanceandbetterrepresentedwatershedhydrology.Duetolimitedradarcoverageintheareaofinterestandunrealisticburstsofprecipitation,NEXRADoverestimatedrunoffandstreamflow.TheSWATmodelpositivelyrespondedtothepropercroprotationpatternwithintheperiodofpatternobservation,buttheperformancedrasticallydeclinedforoutsideoftheobservationperiods.KeywordsSWAT;climatedata;landuse/landcover;NEXRAD;PRISM;NCDC
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 112 Purdue University, USA
Session J3: Database and GIS Application and Development
LUU_Checker: A Tool for Dynamically Incorporating New Land Uses inSWATGurdeepSingh ,DharmendraSaraswat1. UniversityofArkansas.2. PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractTheSWAT_LUCtoolwasreleasedin2011thatautomatedtheprocessofcreatinganoptionallanduseupdatefile(filenamelup.dat)forupdatinghydrologicresponseunit(HRU)fractionsduringmodelsimulationruns.Thelup.datfilehasenabledmodelerstorepresentlandusechangesovertheentiresimulationrunorinitializeconservationmeasuresduringachosenperiodinthemiddleofsimulationrun,asperuserdefinedspecifications.Despitesavingtimeanderrorsindevelopinglup.datfileforlargewatersheds,theSWAT_LUCtoollackedtheabilitytosimulateanewlanduseinthewatershedthatwasnotpresentinthebaseLULCdata.TheLUUCheckertoolhasbeendevelopedtodevelopacomprehensiverasterdatalayerthatallowsaccountingfornewlandusesthatmayemergeduringthemodelsimulationperiod.ThepresentationwouldincludethedevelopmentconceptsanddemonstrationofLUUCheckertool.
1 *2
2015 SWAT Conference 113 Purdue University, USA
Session K1: Climate Change Applications
Uncertainty Estimation of Hydrological Impacts of Bias-Corrected CMIP5Climate Change ProjectionsJungangGao ,AlekseySheshukov1. PostdoctoralReseachAssociate,KansasStateUnviersity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor,KansasStateUnviersity.
AbstractUncertaintyestimationofclimatechangeimpactshasbeenrecentlygivenalotofattention.ItisgenerallyassumedthatthemajorsourcesofuncertaintycouldbelinkedtoGeneralCirculationModels(GCM)andGreenhouseGasesEmissionsScenarios(GGES).However,theothersourcesofuncertaintysuchasachoiceoftheobservedclimatedatasethavebeengivenlessattention.Inthispaper,highspatialresolutionofgriddeddatasetsavailableintheUnitedStates,suchasNEXRADandPRISM,combiningwithtraditionalnetworkofrelativelysparseNCDCweatherstations,wereusedtocorrectCMIP5GCMoutputs.Wefocusoninvestigatingtheuncertaintiesinquantifyingtheimpactsoffutureclimateprojectionsbias-correctedbythesethreeclimatedatasetsonhydrologyinawesternKansaswatershed.ThechangefactormethodwasusedforbiascorrectionofGCMoutputs,andtheSWATmodelwasusedtosimulatehydrologicalprocesses.Future(2070–2099)hydrologicalregimeswerecomparedtothereferenceperiod(1970–1999)usingtheaveragehydrograph,annualmeandischarge,peakdischargeandtimetopeakdischargeascriteria.Theresultsshowedthattherewasnosubstantialdifferenceintemperaturepredictionsbasedonthesethreecorrectedoutputsoffuturescenarios.However,precipitationpredictionsarenotasunequivocalasthoseoftemperature,theyvarydependingonthehistoricaldatasetsandalsoweatherseasons.Asignificantvariationinwinterandsummerdischarges,aswellastimetopeakdischargewereobservedforfuturescenarioscorrespondedtothreeobservedclimatedatasets.Acrossallvariables,alargeuncertaintyenvelopewasfoundtobeassociatedwiththechoiceoftheobservedclimatedataset,anditwascomparedtotheenvelopeoriginatedfrom57climatechangeprojectionsfromacombinationofnineteenGCMsandthreeGGES.Thedifferencesamongtheobservedclimatedatasetssignificantlycontributedtotheuncertaintyenvelope.Overall,wesuggestthattheclimatechangeimpactstudiesthatusefutureprojectionsbias-correctedonaclimatedatasetofland-basedstationsshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.KeywordsSWAT;Uncertainty;Bais-correction;Climatechange;CMIP5;Hydrology
*1 2
2015 SWAT Conference 114 Purdue University, USA
Session K1: Climate Change Applications
Hydrological change projection in the North Carolina Piedmont watershedby SWAT and bias corrected NARCCAPYuriKim ,LawrenceBand1. ResearchAssociate.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. VoitGilmoreDistinguishedProfessor.
AbstractThisstudyfocusedonsimulatingfuturehydrologicchangesensitivitybysynergisticaswellasde-convolvedeffectsofCO incrementandprojectedclimateintheNorthCarolinaPiedmontwatershed.Asclimatesimulationdata,asetofnestedglobalandregionalcirculationmodel(GCM-RCM)precipitationandtemperaturefromtheNorthAmericanRegionalClimateChangeAssessmentProgram(NARCCAP)wereevaluatedforhistoricaltimeperiod,1971~2000,beforeapplyingtothehydrologicmodel,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).GeneralprecipitationbiasesoffiveselectedNARCCAPoutputareunderestimationinfallandoverestimationinspringandwinter.NARCCAPtemperatureshowscoldbias,especiallyindailymaximumtemperature.Afterapplyingtwosimplestatisticalbiascorrectionsmethods,theLOCalIntensity(LOCI)scalingmethod(Schmidlietal.,2006)forprecipitationandFourierfunctionsfortemperature,NARCCAPoutputsshowedsignificantreductionofseasonalbiasesexceptforafewextremeevents.Applicationofhistoricaltimeoriginalandbias-correctedNARCCAPtotheSWATalsoshowedthatbias-correctedNARCCAPproducedmorereliablestreamdischargethanoriginalNARCCAP.ProjectedNARCCAPprecipitationissimilarorhasasmallincreasewithatemperatureincreasingby1–5°Cin2041–2070inNorthCarolinaPiedmont.UnderprojectedclimateandCO condition,evapotranspiration(ET)wassimulatedtoincreasenoticeablyespeciallyinwinterandspringwhilewateryield(WY)showedvariouschangingpatterns,withgreatdependenceonCO andprecipitation.ThehighestWYwassimulatedbycombinationofincreasingCO andprojectedprecipitationwhileprojectedtemperaturealonesimulatedthelowestWY.SWATsimulationresultsshowedthatitisnecessarytoincorporateinteractionsofCO andclimatechangetosimulatefuturewateravailabilityinNorthCarolinaPiedmont.KeywordsSWAT;NARCCAP;statisticalbiascorrection;CO2increment;NorthCarolinaPiedmont
*1 2
2
222 2
2015 SWAT Conference 115 Purdue University, USA
Session K1: Climate Change Applications
Mapping Ground Water Recharge Rates in Southwest Michigan underMultiple Future Climate SimulationsGlennO'Neil1. GISSpecialist,InstituteofWaterResearch-MichiganStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)
AbstractThisstudyusedtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)tomapratesofgroundwaterrechargeundervariousprojectionsoffutureclimateinSouthwestMichigan.ThefollowingfiveriverbasinsweremodeledwithSWAT:theKalamazoo,thePawPaw,theheadwatersoftheSt.Joseph(ofIndianaandMichigan),theThornapple,andUpperDowagiac.Eachmodelwasdevelopedusingobservedweatherdatafrom1995to2010,whichwereoriginallyinterpolatedtogridpointsbyMaureretal.(2002).TobestsimulategroundwaterhydrologywithinSWAT,themodelswerecalibratedatmultipleUSGSstreamgagestobaseflowconditions.Themodelswerealsoadjustedtoalignwithpublishedratesofevapotranspiration,publishedestimatesofbaseflowseparation,irrigationratesreportedtoMichiganDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,andcounty-levelcropyieldestimates.Themodelswerethenrunforwardwithfutureclimatedataorganizedanddown-scaledbyHayhoeetal.(2013)tothegridpointsgeneratedbyMaureretal.Theseclimateprojectionsincluded10differentmodels,eachundertwotothreedifferentscenarios(A1B,A1fi,A2,B1).SWAToutputsprojectedoverallincreasesingroundwaterrechargeratesthroughtheendofthecentury,mainlyattributabletoincreasesinprecipitationwithinthedifferentclimatescenarios.However,rechargeratesincreasedsharplytowardstheendofthecenturyinclimatescenariosinwhichCO2isprojectedtobehigh(A1fi).Thesehigherrateswereattributabletodecreasesinprojectionsofevapotranspiration,whichwereduetodecreasingleafconductanceasCO2levelsrose.Keywordsgroundwater,recharge,climatechange,Michigan
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 116 Purdue University, USA
Session K1: Climate Change Applications
Quantifying the Effects of Climate Change on Runoff, Sediment andChemical Losses for Different Watershed SizesCarlingtonWallace ,DennisFlanagan ,BernardEngel1. PhDCandidate,PurdueUniversity.2. ResearchAgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. ProfessorandHead,AgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.
AbstractAssessingthesensitivityofagriculturalwatershedstopossiblechangesinfutureclimateisimperativewhendevelopingappropriatemanagementpractices.Despitenumerousstudiesontheimpactofclimatechangeatdifferentlocalandregionalscales,itisstillnecessarytoevaluatetheimpactofthesechangesonhighlyagriculturalwatershedswithmodifiedhydrologiclandscapes.LikemuchoftheMidwest,thehydrologyinnortheasternIndianaisdominatedbysubsurfacetiledrainagesupplementedwithsurfacedrainageofcloseddepressions(potholes).Thecloseddepressionsaresiteswithinthelandscapeformedfromglaciation,andinwhichrunoffwatertendstocollectbecausethereisnonaturaloutlet.Inordertomaximizecropproduction,farmersofteninstalltilerisers(averticaltubethatconnectsthebottomofthelowpointofacloseddepressionwiththesubsurfacetiledrainagenetwork)todrainthecloseddepression.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesGlobalChangeResearchProgram(USGCRP),precipitationintheMidwestislikelytofallmorefrequentlyinheavydownpours(projectedtooccurtwotothreetimesasoftenby2100).Thedurationandintensityofprecipitationeventswillhavedirectinfluenceonsurfacerunoff,whichoftentransportssediment,pesticideandnutrientstoriversandstreams.However,thisinfluencecouldbemoreseverinagriculturalwatershedswithsignificantlymodifiedwatershedhydrology.Inthisstudy,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),anddownscaledweatherdatageneratedusingtheMarkSimweatherfilegeneratorwasusedtoevaluatethepotentialimpactofchangesintemperature,rainfallandsolarradiationonstreamflow,sedimentandchemicallossesinthehydrologicallymodifiedCedarCreek,F34,AXLandALGwatershedslocatedinnortheasternIndiana.Keywordsclimatechange,MarkSim,modeling,SWAT,waterquality
1 *2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 117 Purdue University, USA
Session K2: Model Development
Comparative Analysis of Spatial Resolution Effects on Standard and Grid-based SWAT ModelsGarettPignotti ,HendrikRathjens ,CibinRaj ,VamsiVema ,IndrajeetChaubey ,MelbaCrawford1. GraduateStudent,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralResearcher,PurdueUniversity.3. PostdoctoralResearcher,PurdueUniversity.4. GraduateStudent,IITMadras.5. Professor,PurdueUniversity.6. Professor,PurdueUniversity.
AbstractTraditionalspatialrepresentationoftheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)utilizescommonsoil,landuse,andslopewhendiscretizingalandscape.Whilecomputationallyefficient,suchanapproachreliesuponroutinglandscapeprocessesatthesubwatershedscale,therebyignoringspatialinteractionamongadjacentlandscapeunits.Toovercomesuchlimitations,agrid-basedversionoftheSWATmodel,SWATgrid,wasdevelopedtoperformlandscapesimulationonaregularizedgridandemployamodifiedlandscaperoutingalgorithmtospatiallyconnectthemduringrouting.However,SWATgridremainslargelyuntestedwithlittleunderstandingoftheeffectofuserdefinedgridcellsize.Moreover,increasesincomputationtimeeffectivelyprecludedirectcalibrationofSWATgrid,insteadnecessitatingparametertransferfromastandardSWATmodel.Therefore,togaininsightintodefininganappropriaterangeofspatialresolutionsforfutureSWATgridapplication,thisresearchconsiderstwoobjectives:1)effectofinputdataspatialresolutiononmodeloutput,and2)effectofscaleoncalibratedparameterdistributions.BaselineSWATinputdata,nominallyat30m,wasrescaledforarangeofresolutionsupto1,000m.ImpactsofinputdataspatialscalewereconsideredbycalibratingastandardSWATmodelandholdingcalibratedparametersconstant.StandardandgriddedSWATmodelswerecomparedrelativetosimulatedhydrologyandwaterqualityovercoarsenedscalesasdefinedbytherescaledinputdata.Differencesinpredictionswereanalyzedwithrespecttobothmodeltypeandresolution.Conversely,parametersensitivitytoscalewasevaluatedbyindividuallycalibratingstandardmodelsatallresolutionsandexaminingparametercongruencyordivergence.Resultsindicatethat:1)thegriddedapproachunderpredictssimulatedstreamflowrelativetobothobservedandsimulateddatafromstandardSWAToutputand2)parametersmaybetransferableuptoagridsizeof90m.Overall,resultsfromthisanalysisservetobetterdefineoptimalapplicationsoftheSWATgridmodelaswellserveasageneralguidelineindeterminingidealspatialresolutionsforfuturesimulations.Keywordsgrid;resolution;calibration
*1 2 3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 118 Purdue University, USA
Session K2: Model Development
Improved physical representation of vegetative filter strip in SWATRajCibin ,IndrajeetChaubey ,MathewHelmers ,KPSudheer ,MikeWhite ,JeffreyArnold1. Postdoctoralresearchassociate,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniveristy.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette.3. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiosystemsEngineering,IowaStateUniv.,Ames,IA,USA.4. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..5. USDA-ARSGrassland,Soil,andWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,Texas,USA..6. USDA-ARSGrassland,Soil,andWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,Texas,USA..AbstractQuantificationofeffectivenessofconservationpracticesiscriticalinprecisionconservationplanning.VegetativeFilterStrips(VFS)isapopularconservationpracticeinUSA,installedattheedgeofagriculturalfieldstoreducesedimentandnutrientlossesfromintensivelymanagedagriculturalareas.SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)iswidelyusedtoquantifytheenvironmentaleffectsofVFS.IncurrentSWATmodel,VFSareaisconsideredasconceptualareawithregressionmodelstorepresentitseffectivenessinimprovingwaterquality.ThisstudyisaimedtoimprovethephysicalrepresentationofVFSinSWATmodeltoimproveecohydrologicprocessrepresentationandtoquantifybiomassproductivityofVFSarea.TheproposedframeworkcreatesexplicitVFSareaandenablesroutingofwater,sedimentandnutrientsfromsourceareathroughtheVFSarea.Additionally,itmakestheinfiltratedwaterandnutrientsavailableforcropuptakeintheVFSarea.TheproposedimprovementsareimplementedinSWATmodelbymodifyinginputfilesthroughMatlabscriptsandalsobychangingSWATfilterstripalgorithmtoenablerouting.ThedevelopedframeworkistestedwiththreepairedwatershedstudieswithandwithoutedgeoffieldVFSintheCentralIowa.TheresultsindicateimprovedphysicalrepresentationofVFSinSWATmodel.KeywordsVegetativefilterstrips,SWATmodel,EnergycropBMP,nonpointsourcepollution,conservationmeasures.
*1 2 3 4 5 6
2015 SWAT Conference 119 Purdue University, USA
Session K2: Model Development
Coupling aquatic nutrient simulation module (NSMI) and SWAT modelZhonglongZhang ,XinzhongDu,BillyJohnson1. Sr.Scientist.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractThispaperpresentsthedevelopmentofaquaticnutrientsimulationmodule(NSMI)anditscouplingwithSWATmodel.TheNSMI,developedbytheEnvironmentalLaboratoryofEngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter,isa“plugin”waterqualitymoduleforexistinghydrologicandhydraulicmodels.TheNSMImodelsalgaeandbenthicalgae,simplifiednitrogen,phosphorusandcarboncycles,organicmatter,carbonaceousbiochemicaloxygendemand,dissolvedoxygenandpathogenusing16statevariables.WaterqualitystatevariablesincludedinNSMIcanbeindividuallyactivatedordeactivated.VariouskineticprocessesandequationsinNSMIhavebeencriticallytestedandverifiedbefore,andthefocushereisonitscouplingwithSWATandarealworldprojectevaluation.TheSWAT-NSMIwasappliedtotheLittleriverwatershedfortheassessmentofinstreamflowwaterquality.Keywordsnutrientsimulationmodule,waterquality,SWAT
*1
2015 SWAT Conference 120 Purdue University, USA
Session K3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty
Comparison of multiple point and single point calibration performance forthe Saginaw River WatershedFariborzDaneshvar ,A.PouyanNejadhashemi ,MatthewHerman1. PhDStudent,MichiganStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,MichiganStateUniversity.3. PhDStudent,MichiganStateUniversity.
AbstractTheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),whichisacomprehensivephysicallybasedmodelforwatershed/waterqualityassessment,usesseveralinputsincludingsoil,elevation,slope,landuseandclimatedata.TheparametersusedbySWAThavetheirowndefaultvalueswhichmustbemodifiedforeachdevelopedmodelduringthecalibrationprocess.Inthisstudy,wecalibratedaSWATmodelfortheSaginawriverwatershed,whichisthelargestsixdigitHydrologicalUnitCode(HUC-6)inMichiganwithmorethanthirteenthousandsreaches.Furthermore,thisregionisdefinedasanareaofconcernbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).Twoapproacheswereusedforstreamflowcalibration:1)usingasinglecalibrationpointclosetothewatershedoutletand2)usingeightobservationpointsandperformingamulti-stepcalibration.ThreestatisticalcriteriaincludingNash–Sutcliffemodelefficiencycoefficient(NSE),percentbias(PBIAS)androotmeansquareerrortothestandarddeviationofobservationdata(RSR)wereusedtoevaluatethestreamflowcalibrationprocess.Usingsinglepointcalibration,assumesthattheentirewatershedhasthesameconditionsandthechangesmadetothedefaultparametervalueswillbeappliedeverywhere.Incontrast,multiplepointcalibrationsplitstheregionintosmallerareaswhicharecalibratedseparately.Thisallowsustoapplydifferentsetsofparametervaluesforeachareawithintheregion.Resultsshowedthatthesecondapproachwilloutperformthecalibrationprocessandwillallowustocapturespatialvariationswithinthewatershed.KeywordsSWAT,Watershedmodeling,Saginaw,Calibration
*1 2 3
2015 SWAT Conference 121 Purdue University, USA
Session K3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty
Evaluating weather observations and the Climate Forecast SystemReanalysis as inputs for hydrologic modeling in the Hawaiian IslandsKimFalinski ,AuerbachDan ,OlesonKirsten ,EastonZachary ,FukaDaniel1. Researchassistant,UniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-docresearch,EPA.3. AssistantProfessor,UniversityofHawaiiatManoa.4. Professor,VirginiaTech.5. Post-docresearcher,VirginaTech.
AbstractCorrectlyrepresentingweatheriscriticaltohydrologicalmodeling,butscarcepublicallyavailable,inconsistent,orpoorqualityobservationscanpotentiallycompromisehydrologicmodelaccuracy.Reanalysisdatasetsmayhelptoaddressthisbasicchallenge.TheClimateForecastSystemReanalysis(CFSR)datasetprovidescontinuousrecordsfrom1979totoday,andhaveproducedsatisfactoryhydrologicalmodelperformanceintropicalmontanePuertoRicobetweentheCaribbeanSeaandtheNorthAtlanticOcean,aswellassometemperateandmonsoonallocations.However,theuseofCFSRforhydrologicalmodelingintropicalbasinsinthePacifichasnotyetbeencarefullyevaluated.FortheislandsofKauaiandHawaii,wecomparemodelperformancebasedonCFSRrecordswithperformancebasedonpubliclyavailableweatherstationsintheGlobalHistoricalClimateNetwork(GHCN)andtheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS).AutocalibrationofindividualSWATmodelsforeachoftheavailableUSGSstreamgagebasinswasperformedagainsteachoftheavailableweatherdatasets.Thisstudydemonstratestheneedtoevaluateavailableweatherinputs,whileintroducingtheCFSRasalowerthresholdtoevaluatehydrologicalmodelperformance.Keywordsweatherdata,CFSR,autocalibration,Hawaii
*1 2 3 4 5
2015 SWAT Conference 122 Purdue University, USA