SWAT-review-national-international-applications-icarda-wli1.pdf

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International SWAT model Applications

R. Srinivasan, J eff Arnold and Allan J onesBlackland Research Center and Spatial

Sciences Laboratory Teams, USDA-ARS and Texas A&M University

USDAARS and Texas A&M University System


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Presentation Overview

SWAT

WatershedModelingBackground

Proventechnology

WorldwideApplications

US Climate

changeapplications


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Continuous TimeDaily Time StepOne Day Hundreds of Years

Distributed Parameter

Comprehensive Process InteractionsSimulate Management Public Domain and free source codeMore than 1400 peer reviewed publication

published worldwide (@200/year in the last3 years)

Soil and Water Assessment Tool


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Upland Processes

SWAT Watershed System

Channel/Flood PlainProcesses


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Weather HydrologySedimentation

Plant GrowthNutrient Cycling

Pesticide DynamicsManagementBacteria

Upland Processes


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Root Zone

Shallow(unconfined) Aquifer

Vadose(unsaturated)

Zone

Confining Layer

Deep (confined) Aquifer

Precipitation

Evaporation andTranspiration

Infiltration/plant uptake/ Soilmoisture redistribution

Surface Runoff

Lateral Flow

Return Flow

Revap fromshallow aquifer Percolation toshallow aquifer

Recharge todeep aquifer

Flow out of watershed

Hydrologic Balance


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Root Zone

Shallow(unconfined) Aquifer

Vadose(unsaturated)

Zone

Confining Layer


Precipitation


Infiltration/plant uptake

Surface Runoff

Lateral Flow

Return Flow

Revap fromshallow aquifer Percolation toshallow aquifer

Recharge todeep aquifer

Flow out of watershed

Hydrologic Balance


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2 10840

0

9

6

3

12

Month

126

Plant Growth


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Water, NitrogenandPhosphorus Uptake

Plant GrowthOptimum Growth

Radiation Interception LAIRadiation Use Efficiency

ConstraintsWater, Temperature, Nitrogen,Phosphorus

Residue Cover and Nutrients

Yield PredictionHarvest Index Water StressResidue Cover and

Nutrients

Root Growth


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Climate Change

Radiation Use EfficiencyAdjusted for CO 2

ET Penman-MonteithCanopy ResistanceAdjusted for CO 2Impact on Leaf

Conductance

CGM Estimates of Precip, Temperature,Humidity, Solar Radiation,Wind Speed


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Channel Processes


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User Options PET:

Penman-Monteith, Priestly-Taylor, or

Hargreaves Runoff:

Curve Number or Green Ampt

Channel Flow:Variable Storage Coefficient or Muskingham-

Cunge

Channel Water Quality:QUAL2E On-Off Switch


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More User Options ARC GIS 10 or 10.1

Map Windows (Public Domain GIS) SWAT-CUP (Calibration and Uncertainty Program VIZSWAT (Output Vizualization)

SWAT is linked to Modflow GW model SWAT real time irrigation advisory system Manuals in English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean SWAT 2003, 2005, 2009, (2012)


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National ClimateChange Applications

[email protected]


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Change in Water Yield from Neutral for El Nino Condition by Season

PNNL


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Change in Water Yield from Neutral for Strong El Nino Condition by Season

PNNL


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Change in Water Yield from Neutral for La Nino Condition by Season

PNNL


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CLIMATE CHANGEAPPLICATIONS

Fig. 3. Simulated baseline yields of winter wheat and changes from baseline in 2030and 2095 under the HadCM2 climate scenarios.

PNNL


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How everything started

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 - 1

0 0

0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

5 0 0

6 0 0

Water [m 3 cap a]

N e t c e r e a l

i m p o r t

[ k g c a p a ]

Afghanistan

Algeria Armenia

Azerbaijan

Benin

Burkina Faso

Burundi China

Egypt

Eritrea

Ethiopia Ghana

India

Iran

Israel

Japan

Jordan

Kenya

Korea Dem People's Rep

Korea RepLebanon

Lesotho

Libya

Malawi

MauritaniaMauritius

Morocco

Niger Nigeria

Pakistan

Rwanda

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Somalia

South Africa

Sri Lanka

SyriaTanzania

Togo

Tunisia

Turkey

Uganda

Emirates

Uzbekistan

Yemen

Zimbabwe

Yang et al., 2002

Study determiningfreshwater availabilitthreshold by finding amodel that explainedcereal import

Found that onenumber was notsufficient to representhe water availabilityof a country

1980-1984: thick dashed blue line and open circles1994-1999: thick solid blue line and filled circles

Eawag: SwissFederal Institute of

Aquatic Scienceand Technology


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Blue and green water

Root Zone

Shallow (unconfined)

Aquifer

Unsaturated Zone

Confining Layer


Precipitation

Surface runoff Lateral Flow

Return

Flow

Recharge to deepaquifer

BLUEWATER


GREENWATER

FLOW

Soil water

GREEN WATERSTORAGE


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The continental pictureBlue water

Green water flow


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Nice model(s) and now?Making use of the obtainedinformation on the spatialand temporal variations ofthe sub-country-basedfreshwater availability inglobal and national strategicwater planning andmanagement e.g.advanced studiesconcerning

water and food securityvirtual water flow

scenario analysis

effec ts of climate changeWater stress level as an indicator forwater scarcity


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Average Drought frequency and length


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The main goal in this study was to assess the feasibility of

to alleviatevirtual water trade strategyapplying the water stress in Iran.

Application in Iran

Regional cropstructure

adjustmentInter-provincialfood trade Socio-economicfactors

improving regional/provincial

and nationalwater productivity andWater use efficiency

1. Main goal &Objectives

2. Modeling blueand green water

3. Assessing theimpact of climate

4. Modeling wheatyield and CWP...

5. Analysis o f Intra-country virtualWater trade... 6. Outlook


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DEM Landuse Soil Climate Reservoir AgricultureIran SWAT Project : 506 sub-basins


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Precipitation Blue water

Green water flow Green water storage

Hydrologic components (1980-2002)


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3. Assessing theimpact of climate...



Yield, ET, CWP (1990-2002)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Y a z d

K e r m a n

G h o m

Z a n

j a n

K o r

d e s t a n

K h o r a s a n

F a r s

S i s t a n

B a l u c h .

M a r k a z

i

G h a z v i n

H a m e d a n

T e h r a n

S e m n a n

G o l e s t a n

E T ( m m y e a r - 1

)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

C h a r m a h a l

I i l a m

G o l e s t a n

E s f a h a n

H o r m o z g a n

a r b a i j a n

_ W e s

T e h r a n

A r d e b

i l

F a r s

M a r

k a z i

K h o z e s t a n

S e m n a n

h o r a s a n

_ N o r

t h

M a z a n

d a r a n

a r b a i j a n

_ E a s

t

Y a z

d

G h a z v

i n

H a m

e d a n

o r a s a n_

S o u

t h

K e r m a n s

h a h

G h o m

h o r a s a n

_ C e n

t r

K e r m a n

B u s h e h r

L o r e s t a n

K o r d e s

t a n

G i l a n

Z a n

j a n

K o h g

i l o y e

h

S i s t a n B a l u c

h .

C W P ( k g

m - 3 )

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 3

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 5

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 7

1 9 9 8

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

P_factor : 0.87Rm _factor : 0.37

Golestan

R a

i n f e d y i e

l d ( t o n

h a - 1 )

Date

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 3

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 5

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 7

1 9 9 8

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

P_factor : 0.85Rm _factor : 0.17

Khorasan

I r r i g .

y i e l d ( t o n

h a - 1 )

MOJA95PPU SWAT pred.


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Irrigation Water

Water availability

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

G h o m

M a r

k a z i

A z a r

b a i j a n

_ E a s

t

G o l e s t a n

K h o r a s a n

S e m n a n

Y a z d

H a m

e d a n

K e r m a n

T e h r a n

S i s t a n

B l u c

h .

Z a n

j a n

A r d e b

i l

M a z a n

d a r a n

E s f a h a n

K h o z e s

t a n

G h a z v i n

A z a r

b a i j a n

_ W e s

H o r m o z g a n

F a r s

B u s h e h r

G i l a n

L o r e s

t a n

K e r m a n s

h a h

C h a r m a h a l

K o r d e s

t a n

K o h g i l o y e

h I i l a m

Ratio > 100%40% < Ratio < 100%

Ratio < 40%

I R R / I R W R ( k m

3 k m - 3 ) Irrigation efficiency = 15%-36%





5. Analysis of Intra-country virtualWater trade... 6. Outlook

Assessment of Water-use Sustainability

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

G h o m

M a r k a z i

a r b a i j a n

_ E a s t

G

o l e s t a n

K h o r a s a n

S

e m n a n

Y a z d

H a m e d a n

K e r m a n

T e h r a n

S i s t a n B l u c h

.

Z a n j a n

A r d e b i l

M a z a n d a r a n

E s f a h a n

K h o z e s t a n

G h a z v

i n

a r b a i j a n_ W e s t

H o r m o z g a n

F a r s

B

u s h e h r

G i l a n

L o r e s t a n

K e r m a n s h a h

C h a r m a h a l

K o r d e s t a n

K o h g i l o y e

h

I i l a m

Ratio > 100%40% < Ratio < 100%Ratio < 40%

E T / I R W R ( k m

3 k m - 3 )

Crop water use

Water availability

Irrigation efficiency = 100%


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2. Modeling blue andgreen water



5. Analysis o f Intra-countryvirtual Water trade... 6. Outlook

Intra-country Virtual Water Trade Strategy

Conceptual model of inter-provincial VWT strategy in Iran

CWP: 0.63 kg/m3

Yield: 4.02 ton/haWater ?Land ?Socio-economic ?

CWP: 0.45 kg/m3

Yield: 2.85 ton/ha

Calls for a systematic analysis throughmulti-criteria decision analysis techniques


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thank you

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