28
0.14
0.16 0.160.18
0.20
Properties of Imaginea’s Produced Water
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 29,273 38,523 47,208
pH 8.0 7.5 8.0
Sodium (Na) mg/l 9,697 12,052 14,452
Chlorides (Cl) mg/l 9,000 8,100 8,250
Bicarbonates (HCO3) mg/l 10,492 18,300 24,400
Our Starting Point (fresh water substitute)
• Produce irrigation and livestock quality watero Total Dissolved Solids: < 1,000 mg/lo pH: 6.5 - 8.5o Electrical conductivity: < 1ds/m
• Use waste heat to power the process
• Inject concentrated brine back to reservoir without compatibility issues (dilute with produced water)
Produced Water
10,000m3/d50,000 mg/l
150m3/d
50,000 mg/l
100m3/d
500 mg/lWater Processing
50m3/d149,000 mg/l
Water Injection
9,900m3/d50,500 mg/l
A
B
C
D
E
SaltMakerTM
Low Temperature Crystallizer
● Multiple effect humidified air cycle
● Thermally driven: 60-85°C
● Electrical energy*: 21.45kWh/m3
● Thermal energy*: 1.34 GJ/m3
* Water Produced
www.saltworkstech.com
www.saltworkstech.com
SaltMaker S100, concentrated brine option
Annual Water Production (90% uptime, 80m3/d @ 56% water recovery ) 26,306m3
CapEx $ 3,000,000
CapEx (20 years) $5.70/m3
Electrical Energy Cost (at $0.10/kWh) $2.15/m3
Thermal Energy Cost (0, assumed to use waste heat) $0.00/m3
Labour and maintenance ($75k/year) $2.28/m3
OpEx $4.43/m3
Total Cost of Ownership $10.13/m3
ALTELARAIN®
● Evaporation/condensation technology
● Thermally driven: >120°C
● Electrical energy: 88.8kWh/m3
● Thermal energy: 1.58 GJ/m3
www.altelainc.com
www.altelainc.com
Altela Rain Demonstration Unit
Annual Water Production (90% uptime, 5.75m3/d @ 25.3% water recovery ) 2,099m3
CapEx $ 350,000
CapEx (20 years) $8.34/m3
Electrical Energy Cost (at $0.10/kWh) $8.88/m3
Thermal Energy Cost (0, assumed to use waste heat) $0.00/m3
Labour and maintenance ($25k/year) $11.90/m3
OpEx $20.78/m3
Total Cost of Ownership $29.12/m3
There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that whichshould not be done at all.
Peter F. Drucker
A better strategy
● Process your produced water as little as possibleo ensure compatibility with reservoir fluidso minimize chemical use
● Inject concentrated brine back to reservoiro ensure compatibility with reservoir fluidso no disposal fees
www.atlantis-water.com
www.atlantis-water.com
The RDI™ Cell
● Radial deionization technology technology
● Single RDITM cylinder: 27m3/d
● Cycle Time: 2 -20 min
● Standard skid: 20 cylinders, 1.25m x 5.25m, max. 540m3/d
www.atlantis-water.com
Salinity reduction from 75,000ppm to 5,000ppm
CapEx $1.70/m3
Electric Energy 2.00/m3
Maintenance 1.00/m3
Total OpEx 3.00/m3
Total Cost of Ownership $7.70/m3
Clean Water Recovery, up to 95%
High Salinity, up to 100,000ppm
Removes TDS, Sulfates, hardness & heavy metals
With the right approach Total Cost of Ownership should be less than $5.00/m3
What about other technologies?
● Reverse Osmosis (RO)
● Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR)
● Brine Concentrators, and Evaporators
● Capacitive Deionization (CapDI)
Going Forward at Imaginea
● Process our produced water as little as possible○ Produce fresh water for specific operations
● Inject concentrated brine back with produced water
● Integrate water processing with cogeneration
● ZERO FRESH WATER USE for ALL operations
