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Swedish Energy Policy
Relative Energy Supply 1800-2000
coal
hydro
wood
oil
nuclearnew RES
Current Energy Supply
Energy policy goals
• Security of supply, competitiveness, sustainability (Shared IEA goals)
• Energy efficiency (20% until 2020, 50% in building sector 2050)
• New renewable electricity, 17 TWh 2016 (~13 % of electricity supply),
• Siting for wind power 10 TWh by 2015
• Reduce/break oil dependency by 2020
EU goals
Energy efficiency 20% by 2020
Renewable energy 20% by 2020
Greenhouse gas emissions -20% by 2020 alt. -30%.
Single european market
Target: efficient energy markets
• Electricity market is already fully competitive
• Common Nordic Electricity Market
• (Small) Natural gas market has been fully opened in 2007
• Increased transparency in the District heating markets needed
Policies and measures - examples
• Economic instruments– Taxation, notably Carbon tax
– Electricity Certificates
– Emissions trading
– Program for improving energy efficiency in energy intensive industry (PFE)
• Research, development, demonstration, dissemination
• Information
• International cooperation
Financial Policy Measures in Sweden
Energy Policy Climate PolicyBusiness
Policy
IndustryHousing Transport Power Heat Service
Emission TradeElectricity Certificate Energy Taxes CO2 TaxationPFE
EU-directives, internationalization, development in other countries
More recent developments
• Emission trading system
• Programme for energy efficiency in industrial sector
• Responsibility for whole RTD budget
• Additional focus on market introduction, innovation and commercialization
• Initiatives for a new Climate Policy
Commitments on Climate Issues
• National Climate Commission, gives policy recommendations to the Government on new Climate Bill in 2008
• Scientific Council provides scientific assessments as second input to the Climate Bill
• Climate investment program (SEK 1 billion)
– sustainable cities,
– energy efficiency measures,
– pilot and demonstration projects for biofuels,
– network for windfarming
– climate research
– international investments
Programme for Energy Intense Industry - PFE
• Industry gets tax exemption on electricity
• In return, the companies have to improve their energy efficiency
• 126 companies participate, using in total 30 TWH electricity per year (2004).
Swedish Energy ResearchFocus areas
• Buildings as energy systems
• Energy intensive industry
• Transport sector
• Electricity generation and distribution
• Bioenergy including CHP (Combined Heat & Power)
• Energy system studies
The Major Issues
• Increased competition for energy resources
• Climate impact from energy sector
• Internationalisation of energy policy
• Properly functioning energy markets
• Various political targets; complex set of incentives
The Road to Future
Challenges:
• Electricity supply for energy intensive industry
• Sustainable mobility
• Low energy municipal sector
Critical factors:
• Utilise research results
• Ambitious and realistic programmes for
– Energy efficiency
– Renewable energy
Long time perspectiveLong time perspectiveHolistic perspectiveHolistic perspectiveCo-operationCo-operation
Three strategic development plants
Ethanol from cellulose Synthesis gas from biomass
Synthesis gas from black liquor