• Swine influenza or “swine flu” is a highly contagious acuterespiratory disease of pigs, caused by swine influenza H1N1 virus

• Swine flu is caused by Type A influenza virus that causes regularoutbreaks in pigs

• Swine flu virus have been reported to spread from person-to-person.

What is Swine Flu?

STRUCTURE OF VIRUS

• The influenza is roughly spherical.

• It is an enveloped virus

• The outer layer is a lipid membrane

• Into the lipid membrane are spikes,which are proteins - known as HA(hemagglutinin) and NA(neuraminidase).

• Also M1 and M2 is embedded intothe lipid membrane

OUTBREAKS IN INDIA

Swine flu outbreaks was reported in India in late 2014and early 2015. The largest number of reported cases anddeaths due to the disease occurred in the western part ofIndia including states like Delhi, MadhyaPradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

TRANSMISSION

How man is Exposed ?

Most commonly, these casesoccur in persons with directexposure to pigs (e.g. childrennear pigs at a fair or workersin the swine industry). Inaddition, there have beendocumented cases of oneperson spreading swine flu toothers.

Pigs infect Humans

Pigs can pass mutatedviruses back to humans, andthese can be passed fromhuman to human.Transmission amonghumans is thought to occurin the same way as withseasonal flu. .

How do people catch swine flu?

• Flu is generally transmitted through the respiratory tract.

• Droplets of infected body fluids may carry flu when people coughor sneeze.

• Studies indicate that masks called N95 respirators, when properlyused, filter germs from the breath and hamper the spread of flu.

• Neither contact with pigs nor eating pork has been linked to thespread of the flu.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SWINE FLU IN SWINE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SWINE FLU IN HUMAN

• Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat,body aches, headache,chills and fatigue.

• The most common cause of death is respiratoryfailure. Other causes of deathare pneumonia (leading to sepsis), high fever(leading to neurologicalproblems), dehydration (from excessivevomiting and diarrhea), electrolyteimbalance and kidney failure.

• Fatalities are more likely in young childrenand the elderly

Temperature is the key swine flu symptom

• Temperature rises from normal 37 degree Celsius to upto 40 degree Celsius.

• Sustained fever above 38 degree Celsius is necessary for positive diagnosis.

What are the flu emergency signs to watch for in adults?

Difficulty breathing orshortness of breathPain or pressure in the chestor abdomen Suddendizziness Confusion Severe orpersistent vomiting

The flu emergency signs to watch for in children?

• Rapid breathing or trouble breathing

• Bluish skin colour

• Not drinking enough fluids

• Not waking up or not interacting

• Being so irritable that the child doesnot want to be held

• Flu-like symptoms improve but thenreturn with fever and worse cough

• Fever with a rash

DIAGNOSIS

To diagnose swine influenza Ainfection, a respiratory specimenwould generally need to be collectedwithin the first 4 to 5 days of illness(when an infected person is most likelyto be shedding virus). However, somepersons, especially children, may shedvirus for 10 days or longer.Identification as a swine flu influenzaA virus

Rapid Diagnosis

•RT PCR can make rapid Diagnosis

Currently Available Test

• Rapid Antigen Tests: not as sensitive as other available tests.RT–PCR Virus isolation Virus Genome Sequencing Four–fold rise in swine influenza A (H1N1) virus specificneutralizing antibodies.

• It is important to note that samples from all cases, once thePandemic starts, are not required to be tested

Use of Mask by Patients and Health care Workers

The use of surgical or procedure masksby infectious patients may help containtheir respiratory secretions and limitexposure to others. Likewise, when apatient is not wearing a mask, as whenin an isolation room, having health-carepersonnel mask for close contact withthe patient may prevent nose and mouthcontact with respiratory droplets

Using N95 mask reduces the Risk

You can cut your risk ofcontracting the flu or otherrespiratory viruses by as muchas 80 percent by wearing amask over your nose andmouth, according to a newstudy.

Covering your nose andmouth with a tissue whenyou cough or sneeze.Throw the tissue in thetrash after you use it.

D

Prevention is best option

Vaccination is the primary method for preventing Influenzain persons at high risk for complications secondary toinfluenza infection.

Administration of antiviral medications, either for the earlytreatment of influenza infection or for prophylaxis againstinfection, is a useful adjunct in the control of influenza inthese persons

Best way to Prevent Influenza

Control with Antiviral Drugs

Both adamantine andneuraminidase inhibitors have beenused successfully to controloutbreaks caused by susceptiblestrains when antiviral medicationsare combined with other infection-control measures.

Currently Oseltamivir has gainedimportance as safe and effectiveAntiviral agent.

Everyone 6 months of age and older shouldget vaccinated against the flu as soon as the2010-2011 season vaccine is available. People athigh risk of serious flu complications include

young children, pregnant women, peoplewith chronic health conditions like asthma,diabetes or heart and lung disease and people65 years and older.

Swine flu Vaccination

“flu shot”

The "flu shot" — an inactivatedvaccine (containing killed virus)that is given with a needle, usuallyin the arm. The flu shot isapproved for use in people olderthan 6 months, including healthypeople and people with chronicmedical conditions.

Nasal vaccination

The nasal-spray flu vaccine —a vaccinemade with live, weakened flu viruses thatdo not cause the flu (sometimes calledLAIV for "live attenuated influenzavaccine" or FluMist®). LAIV (FluMist®) isapproved for use in healthy* people 2-49years of age who are not pregnant.

HAND WASHING REDUCES SPREAD OF INFLUENZA

Wash your hands often with soap

AVOIDING TOUCHING YOUR EYES, NOSE OR MOUTH. GERMS SPREAD THIS WAY

AVOID VISITING UNHYGIENIC PLACES

HEALTHY FOODS THAT HELP AVOID SWINE FLU | BOOST

IMMUNE SYSTEM

FOODS RICH IN PROTEIN, LIKE ,EGGS, FISH, MILK, BEANS, NUTS, SEEDSAND SOY-BASED FOODS, HAVING MINIMUM 3 SERVINGS OF THESEFOODS PER DAY WILL HELP BUILD A BARRIER AGAINST VIRALINFECTIONS LIKE SWINE FLU.

WHOLE GRAINS AND PUMPKIN SEEDS, ALSO BUILD ANTIBODIESAGAINST SWINE FLU.

CLOVES AND RAW GARLIC (A SOURCE OF ALLICIN)ARE AGAIN NATURAL DEFENSE AGAINST SWINE FLU

THANK YOU

Presented by Foram Gandhi and Rashmi Yadav