Swiss - Your Lifestyle, Your Choice - Diversicare Swiss Culture profile 4/24/06 2:37 PM Page 7...

SwissCULTURE PROFILE

SwissCULTURE PROFILE

Funded by Commonwealth Departmentof Health and Ageing

Swiss Culture profile 4/24/06 2:37 PM Page 1

Published 2006 by: DiversicarePO Box 5199West End, Queensland, 4101Phone: (07) 3846 1099

Swiss Culture Profile

Thanks is given to the following people:Margaret Hess, Director, DiversicareElizabeth Zajac, Project Officer, PICACAngelika Straker, DiversicareKerstin Wyssusek, DiversicareLorly Wihler, Swiss Community Care

… and to all those persons who have providedcomment about this directory.

Editor: Jennifer Leigh (J Leigh & Associates)

DisclaimersThis directory is a synthesis of information from arange of sources believed to be reliable. Diversicaregives no warranty that the said base sources arecorrect, and accepts no responsibility for anyresultant errors contained herein or for decisionand actions taken as a result and any damage.

Please note there may be costs associated withsome of the resources and services listed in thisdirectory.


INTRODUCTION 4

BACKGROUND 5Migration experience 6Australian statistics 6Cultural stereotypes 6Customs in everyday life 7

FAMILY 8Family structure 8Attitudes to residential care 8

PERSONAL HYGIENE 8Bathing 8Dress 8Grooming 8

PENSIONS 9

LEISURE AND RECREATION 10Daily Routine 10Social groups 10Television 10Movies 11Radio 11Newspapers 12Books 12Music 13

RELIGION 14Profile 14Important days 14

FOOD AND DIET 16Meals 16Food sources 16

HEALTH 18Trauma situations 18Attitudes to illness and pain 18Perception of health professionals 18

DEATH AND DYING 18Palliative Care 18Death & Dying 18

LANGUAGE 19

PHRASE CARDS 20

APPENDIX A 36

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 39

CORRECTION / ADDITION FORM 41


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This profile of the Swiss cultural commu-nity is just one of the many projectsundertaken by the Queensland Partners inCulturally Appropriate Care (PICAC).

The Queensland PICAC Project aims to facil-itate the development of partnershipsbetween ethnic community groups andresidential aged care service providers toimplement “best practice” strategies ofcare for older people from diversebackgrounds. The project is about ensuringthe needs of older people from a Swisscultural background are met.

Funded by the Commonwealth Departmentof Health & Ageing, the project inQueensland is managed by Diversicareunder the auspice of the EthnicCommunities Council of Qld.

Population trends within Australia areincreasingly characterised by a diversity ofpeople, languages and culture. Coupledwith this trend is an ageing population,also with a rich diversity of languages andcultures.

It’s not surprising then, that residentialaged care service providers are faced withincreasing demands for culturally respon-sive facilities and care.

This profile aims to assist by enhancing:• staff knowledge of the cultural and

linguistically diverse needs of personsfrom an Swiss background. It also seeksto facilitate the professional competenceand development of staff in the provi-sion of culturally inclusive care; and

• the organisation’s compliance with theResidential Care Standards and NationalAged Care Standards as they pertain tothe issue of cultural and linguistic needs.

The profile provides useful informationabout a range of topics, resourcesincluding books, articles, audio-video aids,services, and so on.

This symbol is used to indicate a ‘tip’,which YOU, as the caregiver of aperson who was born in Switzerland,may find useful in your day-to-daysupport of that person.

This guide is not intended to replace onestereotype of this culture with another;instead it is intended to provide someinsights into the culture. Nor does itdiminish the importance of you estab-lishing the individual cultural needs ofeach person as part of the care planningprocess.

In an effort to maintain the accuracy ofthis profile and improve its contents, forall stakeholders, we encourage readers tocomplete the feedback form on the lastpage to inform us of any inaccuracies orother resources available. It is consideredthat this feedback will assist us maintain auser relevant and quality resource.

Yours Sincerely

Margaret Hess Elizabeth ZajacDirector PICAC Project Officer

INTRODUCTION


Switzerland is a land-locked country ofmostly mountains (Alps) with a centralplateau of rolling hills, plains, and largelakes located in central Europe covering41,290 sq kilometres. It is a federation of26 relatively autonomous states (‘cantons’)and shares its border with Germany,France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein.

The ethnic mix within Switzerland ispredominately of Germanic origin (65%)with French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch1% and 6% other origin. However, as at the2001 census, the top three ancestries ofSwitzerland-born in Australia is Swiss(6,970), Swiss-German (410) and German(390). (Source: www.immi.gov.au/statistics/stat_info/comm_summ/textversion/switzerland.htm)

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BACKGROUND


Migration experienceDue to the fact the Swiss had not experi-enced the destruction and trauma of theWorld Wars they felt no pressing need toemigrate elsewhere. It was not until 1956with the advent of the Assisted PassageScheme was there any significant groupmigration of the Swiss to Australia. Newmigrants were mainly craftsmen, printers,woodworkers, technicians, clerks andfarmers.

Australian statisticsThe latest Census in 2001 recordedSwitzerland-born persons in Australia,which is a slight increase from the 1996Census. As at the 2001 census, there are10,800 Switzerland-born persons inAustralia with Queensland having thesecond largest population (2,330) ofSwitzerland-born persons second only toNew South Wales. Within this total, thereare almost equal numbers of males andfemales, with 79.4 % also having someeducational or trade qualification. (source:The Switzerland-born Community, DIMIA,2003.ww.immi.gov.au/statistics/stat_info/comm_summ/textversion/switzerland.htm)

The Swiss do not constitute an easilyidentifiable group or close-knit community,not only because their numbers are smallbut also because these small numbers arespread across the major coastal regionalcentres where most have tended to settle.Where the Swiss in any location havegotten to know each other, they will form aclose knit community.

Because of a shared language, Switzerland-born persons tend to link into the Germancommunity’s network (eg German Club)

where they exist (see leisure and recre-ation for a listing of such clubs).

The above data means the person youare caring for is likely to have beenwell educated, have worked in askilled job outside the home and beenpart of established social and recre-ational links to other Switzerland-born or German-speaking persons.

Cultural stereotypesThe culture of Switzerland has been influ-enced by its neighbouring countries, butover the years a distinctive culture withstrong regional differences has developed.Strong regionalism in Switzerland makes itdifficult to speak of one homogeneousSwiss culture. (source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland)

Switzerland is noted for its yodeling, Alps,strong tradition of being a Neutral country,its Swiss Bank, chocolate, swiss cheese,army knife, their watches (Rolex in partic-ular) and for its engineering expertise.(source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland)

The Swiss are reserved and private, takingtime to ‘open up’ to new people. They likethe arts, music and culture.

Whilst identifying as Swiss, each personalso has perhaps an even stronger regionalcultural identity. The region in which theperson lived impacts on the person’spreferences related to such things as festivals, newspaper, food, drink, clothing,cultural personality, music and languagedialect etc.

It should be remembered this is just oneview and does not apply to everySwitzerland-born person. This reality

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means YOU should establish each person’spreferences.

Having established this person’spreferences be careful not to replaceone cultural stereotype with anotherrelated to what should be consideredstereo-typically ‘Swiss’. YOU need toestablish preferences of eachSwitzerland-born person in your care.

Customs in everyday lifePunctuality is particularly important.

Greetings. Swiss shake hands whengreeting and parting: Even children shakehands with adults when greeting, as this isan important social courtesy.

Referring to others. Professional titlesare important among the adult populationand are used whenever known. Otherwise,titles such as Mr, Miss and Mrs or Ms arecombined with family names whenaddressing acquaintances and strangers.Close friends and young people use firstnames.

Use the formal titles until you aregiven permission to use the morefamiliar “you”, Christian name,nickname or pet name.

Gestures. Hand gestures are used conserv-atively in polite company, as verbalcommunication is preferred. Motioningwith the entire hand is more polite thanusing the index finger. It is impolite foradults to chew gum in public plus yawnsor coughs are covered when they cannotbe avoided.

Touching the index finger to ones foreheadforehead/temple is an insult.

Entering a room. Men stand when awoman enters the room or when talking toa woman who is standing. It is also consid-ered good etiquette for males to opendoors for females.

Attire. Swiss take pride in dressing welland it is important to dress properly for allevents.

Taboos. Swiss are not Germans and shouldnot be referred to as such; it can beconsidered an insult.

The Swiss also do not like personalquestions or any discussion about age(especially with strangers).(source: Federation of Ethnic Communities' Councilsof Australia, 2005)

The above customs are from a time inwhich the older generation lived andwere raised. They may not be evidentin the younger generations, nor dothey necessarily apply to everySwitzerland-born aged person. It isimportant YOU check on whetheradherence to these, or other customsunique to their region of origin, is tobe used with that Switzerland-bornperson.

For more information“The Switzerland-born community”,Department of Immigration andMulticultural and Indigenous Affairs(DIMIA), 2003. Available as a PDF documentfrom the following web address:www.immi.gov.au/statistics/stat_info/comm_summ/summary.htm

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Family structureSwiss families are usually small, havingone or two children. However, ruralfamilies are often a bit larger.

Most Swiss expect to marry and have afamily, with the marriage being a legal oneas opposed to a religious ceremony, whichis considered optional.

Both parents generally work outside thehome. In such situations, married couplestend to share duties related to the house-hold and children. Some homes, especiallyin rural areas, maintain a more strict patri-archal family structure.

Attitudes to residential careTraditionally family members care for theirelderly at home for as long as possible.Residential care is seen as acceptable ifother care is unavailable. (source: notes in folder)

If you need help to provide culturallyappropriate care, the assistance of thePICAC Project Officer is available freeof charge to your agency or theresident. This service is restricted tothe greater metropolitan Brisbane andTownsville. For more information onPICAC contact Diversicare on (07) 3846 1099.

The routines and preferences surroundingthe following personal hygiene activitiesgreatly impact on the person’s sense ofself, pride, dignity and confidence.

BathingWhilst there are no specific cultural normsin bathing, most Switzerland-born personswant a shower daily.

DressSwiss take pride in dressing well. It isimportant to dress properly for all events. (source: Federation of Ethnic Communities' Councilsof Australia, 2005)

There are cultural norms surroundingstandard of dress whereby sloppy or overlycasual dress in public may be seen asinappropriate. Clothing also needs to be ingood repair and ironed.

What is considered ‘appropriate’ standardof dress is individual but will be influencedby the region in which they lived.

GroomingMen and women look after themselves andhow they look. Women will prefer to wearmakeup, jewellery, nail polish, perfume and have neat hair, that is be wellgroomed. Men tend to use cologne/after-shave, clipping nasal and ear hair and trimnails etc.

It is important each person’s prefer-ences in their dress, bathing,grooming etc are established as partof their care plan.

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FAMILY PERSONAL HYGIENE


People who lived and paid taxes in othercountries are often eligible for a partialpension payment from that country.Australia has reciprocal arrangements inplace with Switzerland regarding thepayment of pensions. The AustralianGovernment supplements that payment ifit falls below the level of the Australianpension. Problems with Centrelink canarise for the person if he/she fails to notifyCentrelink of any increase in the foreignpension amount. In this situation theAustralian supplement is reducedaccording to the increase amount. Failureto notify Centrelink can result in a debtand fine being imposed by Centrelink.

Where a Switzerland-born person isaccessing a pension from Switzerland, theSwiss Consulate every year, sends out adocument (called the‘Lebensbescheinigungen’) that is proof ofbeing alive. Completion of this form isnecessary to ensure continued access tothe Swiss Pension fund. Therefore it isimportant that the consulate be informedof any change in residential address.

The Swiss Honorary Consul25 Buchanan Rd Banyo, Brisbane, Qld, 4014 Ph (07) 3621 8099

Consulate General of SwitzerlandTower 2, Level 23, 101 Grafton St (cnr Grosvenor St) Bondi Junction NSW 2022 Ph (02) 8383 4000

For more informationCheck your local telephone directory foryour local Centrelink office

Diversicare has available a directory for theGerman-speaking community in Brisbaneand South-East Queensland up to HerveyBay. This directory in both English andSwiss is a listing of known contacts in theareas of - Consulates, Organisations,Cultural groups, Social groups, Media,Travel agencies, Miscellaneous, Fooddistributors, Restaurants/cafes

Phone Diversicare for this directory on (07) 3846 1099

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PENSIONS


The close proximity to the mountains in allareas in Switzerland has greatly influencedthe leisure of Swiss people. Their leisuretime may be filled with such activites as:• being outdoors, in particular skiing,

mountaineering, paragliding;• Swiss- style wrestling (Schwingen);• Sports eg soccer, ten-pin, shooting; • Fishing; and• card games eg. Jass which is similar to

500.(source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland#Leisure)

The above information can assist indeveloping diversional therapy activi-ties eg tending potted flowers thatare kept in the person’s room and/ora small box of vegetables kept in acommunal area and/or cooking cakesor pastries, craft work and/or card,chess or board games. However, YOUneed to check with each individual hisor her preferences in regard to theabove.

Daily RoutineSwitzerland-born persons like a routine (egwhen he/she rises or retires, bathes, etc).They generally have a structured pattern tothe day and like sticking to these times.

You need to establish with eachindividual his/her preferences relatedto his/her daily routine and timings.

Social groupsSwiss social clubs where they exist providecommunity functions, arts in particularmusic, information and education. Suchclubs may exist as a sub-group withinGerman clubs. Contact details are:

Swiss Society of Queensland 36 Austin Street, Newstead, Qld 4066 Ph (07) 0508 11291 (Mark Godot)

Swiss Club Gold CoastPO Box 5381, Gold Coast MC Qld 9726 Ph (07) 5597 0666 (Franz Huber)

Swiss Community CareLorly Wihler18 Clear Mountain RoadClear Mountain, Qld 4500Ph (07) 3298 5300

TelevisionThe SBS television network is available inmajor cities in Queensland (indeedAustralia). SBS provides German-speakingmovies, serials and from Monday to Friday,a news bulletin.

SBS television programming can bedownloaded from their website by going tothe following address: www.sbs.com.au/whatson/index.php3then choose what you are interested infrom the listed menu.

10

LEISURE AND RECREATION


In greater metropolitan Brisbane, Briz 31also has a daily program called ‘DWJournal’ which screens Monday to Friday at10am, 6.30pm and 11.30pm plus Saturdayat 6pm and Sundays at 11am. Whilst notrelated to news in Switzerland, it is aprogram in the German language.

Briz 31 programming can be downloadedfrom their website by going to thefollowing address:http://briz31.tv/news.asp

Check your TV program guide or thewebsite for local viewing time as theymay change in rural areas or acrosstime zones.

MoviesGerman language DVDs are often availablefor purchase at large Department stores(eg Big W). It is important you check onthe back of the DVD for the list oflanguages in which it is available.

It is also possible to purchase German-language movies from the website by doinga search, eg: http://multilingualbooks.com/foreignvids.html

You can search the Brisbane City Councillibrary catalogue via its language collectionby going to the following website andchoosing the preferred language which willthen take you to a screen where youchoose your category of interest (egmovies, books, music, DVDs):www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/uhtbin/cgisirsi/7U2zA3lL2U/44230061/1/1246/X

RadioBroadcasting in German language occurson SBS:• Mondays 8.30 – 9.15pm• Tuesdays 3 – 3.45pm• Fridays 9.30 – 10.15 am• Saturdays 11.30am – 12.30pm

Again many of the programs relate toGermany rather than Switzerland, but thelanguage is German.

SBS radio programming (SBS radio 2 – 97.7or SBS radio 1 – 1107) can be downloadedfrom their website by going to thefollowing address: www.sbs.com.au/radio/then choose “radio schedule” on the leftside of the screen.

In greater metropolitan Brisbane, it is alsopossible to tune into 4EB (Fm 98.1) andtheir program guide can be downloadedfrom their website at the followingaddress:http://www.4eb.org.au/progguide.htm

Switzerland’s international broadcaster,‘Beromünster’ can also be listened over theweb by logging onto the following websiteand choosing preferred language:

http://www.drs.ch/index.cfm?gbAction=1DB30665-13D5-11D5-BDFB0002A507D34A&navItemID=0047A22C-0602-40B8-84BF0AE7DFA38DAB&MenuNodeID=B03F7C18-D08E-4CC6-A6A311D20E9263F1and choosing the program

Check your radio program guide orthe website for local listening timesas they may change in rural areas oracross time zones.

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NewspapersAs mentioned earlier, the region in whichthe person lived in Switzerland can affecthis/her preferred newspaper. There are 4ways to access Swiss newspapers:

1) GPO News, GPO Lane, Brisbane CityCentre is the only newsagent in Brisbanethat can print off single copies of thefollowing newspapers for around $6.95 perstandard issue:• 24 Heures• Basler Zeitung• Handleszeitung • Le Matin• Tages Anzeiger• Tribune De Geneva

2) Go to the following web addresswww.pressdisplay.com/pressdisplay/viewer.aspxchoose ‘Switzerland’ to access a copy ofthe following newspapers:• 24 Heures• Basler Zeitung• Handleszeitung • Le Matin• Tages Anzeiger• Tribune De Geneva

3) The following web address gives youaccess to 6 newspapers available inSwitzerland: hhtp://www.mediatico.com/en/newspapers/europe/Switzerland/

4) You can search on the web using thename of the publication. For example, LeMatin’s website address iswww.lematin.ch/nwmatinhome.html

If the person cannot use a computer,do not forget you can log on and loadthese newspapers and print all orsome pages which can then be givento the person to read at their leisure.

BooksSwitzerland-born persons enjoy readingand Brisbane City Council libraries (theIndooroopilly and Ashgrove librariesespecially) have a variety of books inGerman. Regardless of your location inQueensland it is possible to arrange tohave these books sent to your local libraryfor a small fee.

You can search the Brisbane City Councillibrary catalogue via its language collectionby going to the following website andchoosing the preferred language which willthen take you to a screen where youchoose your category of interest (egmovies, books, music, DVDs):www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/uhtbin/cgisirsi/7U2zA3lL2U/44230061/1/1246/X

Every council library in Queenslandborrows from the Qld State Library.The State Library itself has 100,000German-language resources (books,videos, CDs), which your local librarycan arrange to borrow for a small fee.

You can do a search of the StateLibrary resources (which will list theresource, type of resource and callnumber) by going to the followingweb address:http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/find/cat

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Talking books in spoken German can bedifficult to obtain from libraries. There aresome in the German Club in Brisbane butborrowing rights is limited to membersand the person would need to come to theclub for pick-up and drop off of the tapes.

ONLY for those persons who are visuallyimpaired and a member of the Qld BlindFoundation, it is possible to borrow fromits talking book library which has 200German-language taped books. You willneed to complete an application form, and if approved, borrowing rights thenapply. Contact 1300 654 656 to obtain areferral form.

MusicMusic is very important to Switzerland-born persons regardless of gender. It is astrong cultural expression of who thatperson is and the region he/she lived in.

The key thing to remember with music is alikely personal preference for music of theera in which they were teenagers or intheir twenties.

The larger specialty music stores can orderSwiss music or you can purchase from thelarger music stores on their websites eg.Sanity’s web address allows you to searchfor German-language music and CDs. Theirweb address is: http://www.sanity.com.au

You can search the Brisbane City Councillibrary catalogue via its language collectionby going to the following website andchoosing the preferred language which willthen take you to a screen where youchoose your category of interest (egmovies, books, music, DVD’s):www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/uhtbin/cgisirsi/7U2zA3lL2U/44230061/1/1246/X

Please note, a fee may apply for organisinginter-library loans.

Again establish each individual’spreferences and check whether familymembers can assist in findingGerman language books, videos, DVD,music etc.

For more informationRefer to Diversicare’s MulticulturalResource Directory (2004) for more detailedinformation about sources and otheroptions.

Diversicare also has available a directoryfor the German-speaking community inBrisbane and South-East Queensland up toHervey Bay. This directory in both Englishand German is a listing of known contactsin the areas of - Consulates, Organisations,Cultural groups, Social groups, Media,Travel agencies, Miscellaneous, Fooddistributors, Restaurants/cafes.

Phone Diversicare for this directory on (07) 3846 1099.

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ProfileAt the 2001 Census the major religionsamongst Switzerland-born in Australia,were Roman Catholic (3,140 persons),Lutheran (840 persons) and Anglican (630persons). A significant number of personsindicated no religion (20.9%) in this samecensus. (Source: www.immi.gov.au/statistics/stat_info/comm_summ/textversion/switzerland.htm)

Remember there can be a differencebetween nominating a particular religionand practising that religion in his/hereveryday life (or whether all or only somerituals/practices within that religion areobserved).

Equally, just because a person, whenyounger did not practise or observe areligion does not mean that as the personages, he/she might now wish to pursue aparticular religion.

YOU need to establish each person’sreligious preferences and link him/herinto a local minister of that religion.

Important daysThere are a variety of special events asState, city and local level.

The listing opposite is not intended tobe exhaustive; rather it lists the majorshared ‘special days’. You shouldcheck with the person or his/herfamily if there are other special days,which is important to that person.

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RELIGION


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Festivity

Easter (or ‘Ostern’)

Pentacost orPfingsten

All Souls’ Day

Advent

Christmas(or ‘Weihnachten’)

New Year’s Eve (or‘Silvesterabend’)

Month / Date

Commences on PalmSunday (or‘Palmsonntag’), theSunday before Easter

Green Thursday (or‘Gruendonnerstag’) isthe Thursday prior toGood Friday

Good Friday (or‘Karfreitag’)

Easter Sunday(or ‘Ostersonntag’)

40 days after EasterSunday

1st November

Commences 4 Sundaysbefore Christmas and isobserved each Sundayin the lead up toChristmas

Celebrated on 24thDecember (or ‘HeiligAbend’)

31st December

Customary practices

Twigs of pussy willow are consecrated in churchand kept at home to protect against harm

This is the day to clean the house, brush offclothes. The colour green is symbol of beingcleansed from sin and keeps one safe in thecoming year. Green foods are traditionally eaten

No meat is eaten, only fish or eggs

Celebrated with candles, flowers and ringingof Church bells. Lamb and yeast cakes aretraditional. Easter egg (made by the EasterHare or ‘osterhase’) hunt occurs on this day

Person is likely to want to go to church

Person may want to go to Church

There are 4 candles in a wreath and on the 1stSunday of Advent one candle is lit. On the 2ndSunday 2 candles are lit and so on until all 4candles are lit on the 4th Sunday of Advent.

Christmas tree (or ‘Weihnachtsbaum’) isdecorated on the 24th December with homemade ornaments eg straw stars, apples andbeeswax candles.Usually go to early evening or midnight churchservice.24th December fish or vegetarian meals arepreferred25th December duck or goose is preferredHome made Christmas biscuits and Christmascake (‘Stollen’) and gingerbread (‘Lebkuchen’)

Parties are held and at midnight church bellsring, toasts are made to the new year (‘PrositNeujahr’) and people watch fireworks.Lucky symbols are horseshoes, marzipan pigsand chimney sweeps.


Swiss people do not only love good food,they also appreciate a beautiful decoratedtable and ambience. They often prefer todress for meals and table etiquette isimportant.

They have a rich and varied cuisine drawnfrom the various cultures that oncecomprised the Austro-Hungarian Empire.(source www.about.ch/culture/food/index.html#CH_EatDrink)

Food, ingredients and the way it isprepared varies greatly across Switzerland,however, the Swiss prefer food that is NOTMICROWAVED.

Generally speaking, basic food itemsinclude a huge selection of bread (white,whole wheat etc.), dairy products and agreat variety of cheese. (source www.about.ch/culture/food/index.html#CH_EatDrink)

MealsBreakfast. Typically includes bread, butteror margarine, marmalade or honey, maybesome cheese or cereals, plus milk, cold orhot chocolate, tea or coffee.

Lunch. This is the preferred main meal ofthe day.

Dinner. If people had their main meal atlunch, dinner can be just some bread,cheese and maybe some dried meat or anyother light meal eg a sandwich or abirchermüesli – particularly in summer.

Afternoon tea. Desserts or pastries arevery popular and particularly enjoyed atthis time. (source www.about.ch/culture/food/index.html#CH_EatDrink)

It is important to establish eachperson’s food preferences, cookingstyle (eg fried versus poached),quantity and timing of meals andrecorded as part of their care plan.

Food sourcesMore and more of the larger food stores egWoolworths, Coles are stocking Swissfoods, and you should check what is avail-able at these types of stores in the firstinstance.

Below is a list of known suppliers of Swissfoods in South-East Qld. For those personsoutside of Brisbane, you could phone andsee if they can organize a delivery to yourlocal area. There would obviously beadditional costs.

Swiss Butcher Heinz611 Stanley StreetWoolloongabba Qld 4102Ph (07) 33391 3530

Rene’s Smallgoods(Swiss butcher)41 Tubbs StreetClontarf Qld 4019Ph (07) 3283 7711

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FOOD AND DIET


Adam’s Continental Smallgoods206 Cobalt StreetCarole Park Qld 4300Ph (07) 3271 3044

Swiss Gourmet Deli181 Boundary StreetWest End Qld 4101Ph (07) 3844 2937

Goetzinger Smallgoods5 Flagstone DriveWest Burleigh Qld 4220Ph (07) 5576 4787

Franz Continental Smallgoods15 Industrial AvenueCaloundra Qld 4551Ph (07) 5493 9366

Diversicare has available a directory for theGerman-speaking community in Brisbaneand South-East Queensland up to HerveyBay. This directory in both English andSwiss is a listing of known contacts in theareas of - Consulates, Organisations,Cultural groups, Social groups, Media,Travel agencies, Miscellaneous, Fooddistributors, Restaurants/cafes

Phone Diversicare for this directory on (07) 3846 1099

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Bread

There are dozensof types of breadin Switzerland,with some servedat particular timeseg:

* Zopf is typicallyserved on Sundayfor breakfast.

* Bürli are smallbreads served forbreakfast or atBBQ parties

Bread is eaten atmost meals

Cheeses

milk,yogurt,butter

Fondue ismade outof moltencheese andwine andis eatenmostly inwinter.

Vegetables

BeansCarrotsCauliflowerPotatoesSpinach

Vegetablesare veryimportantand theSwiss likelots ofvegetables

Meat / Fish

SausagesVealBeefPorkChickenTurkeyFish

served inmanydifferentways: grilled,cooked, slicedor cut

Fruit

ApplesPearsGrapesBlack berriesBlueberriesRaspberriesRed currantsStrawberries

Drinks

Water ispreferred tosoft drinksbeerswines

Hot drinksincludemanydifferentflavours oftea andcoffee.


Trauma situationsThe major trauma situation of significanceis something that is referred to as the ‘lostgeneration’ or Verdingt. Until 1952 when itceased, children aged 5 years from poorfamilies were removed from their familiesand used as slaves on farms. Whilstpredominately affecting males, femaleswere also removed and effectively passedinto slavery.

Attitudes to illness and painThe Swiss do not like to deal with illnessand use a coping mechanism ofdownplaying it or pretending it’s nothappening.

Perception of health professionalsWhilst used to the medical hierarchy (ie.General practitioners for overall healthwith referral to Specialists as needed), theSwiss will only see the doctor if reallynecessary and can be stubborn in trying toaddress health problems. Health profes-sionals are viewed as professionals andwill be treated respectfully by the patient.

This may mean YOU should notperceive a Swiss person whoquestions a doctor or health profes-sional as being difficult. Nor shouldyou consider the person as ‘beingdifficult’ should he/she want a secondopinion or to access complementarymedicines.

Palliative CarePalliative care is a recent concept.Therefore, it is likely that Switzerland-bornelderly persons will be unaware that suchservices exist or what it entails. If theperson does know something about pallia-tive care he/she has learnt this whilstresident in Australia.

Death & DyingThe deceased is bathed and dressed in theclothes he/she has usually chosen beforedeath and these instructions given to afamily member.

According to individual religious beliefs theburial rites might differ slightly. In generalrelatives wear black clothing at the day ofthe burial. The spouse may choose to wearblack for up to 1 year (the year ofmourning).

Cremation or burial will be a personalchoice based more on religious beliefs thancultural norms.

It is important to establish eachperson’s wishes in the event of palliative care or death and recordedas part of their care plan.

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HEALTH DEATH AND DYING


The German spoken in Switzerland ispredominantly a group of dialects that arealmost unintelligible to Germans and arecollectively known as Swiss-German butwritten communication and broadcaststypically use High German (standardGerman). Swiss-French and Swiss-Italiandiffer far less than the Swiss-German doesfrom the German language spoken inGermany. Other languages spoken caninclude French, Italian, Croatian, Serbian,Albanian, Portuguese or Spanish. (source: www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sz.html)

The main languages spoken at home bySwitzerland-born people in Australia (inorder) were English, German or French,with a significant number of Englishspeakers rated as speaking it well or verywell. (Source: www.immi.gov.au/statistics/stat_info/comm_summ/textversion/switzerland.htm)

This means the person’s dialect is mostlikely confined to use within the home andfamily unit, with English spoken outside orin public. You will also find that manyelderly Switzerland-born persons will havedeveloped a mix of both languages, usingboth often in the same sentence. Forexample, a Swiss person talking in Englishmay respond to a question using “Ja”which is German for ‘yes’.

YOU need to be aware that justbecause they once could speakEnglish, does not mean a) they neces-sarily spoke it fluently or extensivelyOR b) they have retained these skillsas he/she aged OR c) that it is theirpreferred language. Speaking Englishcan be tiring to the elderly – as theyare engaging in a translation-type ofprocess.

For more InformationA variety of language guides targeted athealth and everyday activities is availableat a cost from:HENDRIKA (HEalth aND Rapport InteractiveKommunication Aid)PO Box 326, Beaudesert, Qld, 4285 or viawebsite address: www.hendrika.com.au

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LANGUAGE


Below is a sample of phrase cards, origi-nally produced by the Multicultural AccessUnit, Health Department of WesternAustralian (reproduced with the permissionof the Department of Health Library, Perth,Western Australia).

The cards are arranged under fiveheadings, in the following order:• Greetings• Food• Personal Care• Pain• Requests

These cards are available from Diversicare’sPICAC Project Officer by contacting on (07) 3846 1099.

20

PHRASE CARDS


21

GERMANNURSING HOME PHRASE CARDS

These cards are designed to assist communication betweencarers and residents for everyday situations when there is nointerpreter present. Do not hesitate to use them-they havebeen made for staff who do not speak German. Rememberthat your efforts to speak a resident’s language will usually beseen as a mark of respect and recognition of their individuality.This is an excellent way of building rapport.

The cards are arranged under five headings, in the followingorder:GreetingsFoodPersonal CarePainRequests

For situations where an interpreter is needed (see page 22 ofNursing Home and Hostel Care: A Multicultural Resource Kitfor guidelines), telephone the Translating and InterpretingService (TIS) on 131 450 (24 hours).

Turn over for guidelines on using these phrase cards.

MULTICULTURAL ACCESS UNITHealth Department of Western Australia(09) 222 4222


22022

GERMANHOW TO USE THESEPHRASE CARDSThere are two ways to use these cards.

1. If the resident can read, you can point to the appropriatephrase in German on the card.

2. Otherwise, you should read the phrase aloud.Follow the phonetic pronunciation on the bottom line.Remember to speak clearly - don’t hurry - and don’t worryif you have to repeat a phrase.

Note that in the phonetic version, a word may be dividedwith hyphens to clearly indicate separate syllable(stressed syllables are underlined).

MULTICULTURAL ACCESS UNITHealth Department of Western Australia(09) 222 4222


23023

GERMAN

YES NOJA NEIN* YA *NINE

GOOD MORNINGGUTEN MORGEN*GOOTN MORGN

TIME TO GET UPES IST ZEIT, AUFZUSTEHEN*ESS IST TSSITE OWF-TSOO-SHTAIRN

HOW ARE YOU?WIE GEHT ES IHNEN?*VEE GAIRT ES EENEN?

IT IS OKAY, DO NOT WORRYES IST ALLES IN ORDNUNG, MACHEN SIE SICH KEINE SORGEN*ESS IST ALLES IN ORDNOONG, MARKHEN ZEE ZISH KINE-NA SORGN

GUIDE(top line) English(middle line) German*Phonetic pronunciation (underlining indicates stressed syllable)

GREETINGS


24

GERMAN


GOOD NIGHT, REST WELLGUTE NACHT, SCHLAFEN SIE GUT*GOOTER NAHT, SHLARFEN ZEE GOOT

VERY GOODSEHR GUT*ZAIR GOOT

THANK YOUDANKE SCHÖN*DUNKER SHERN


GREETINGS


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GERMAN


ARE YOU HUNGRY?HABEN SIE HUNGER?*HARBN ZEE HOONG-ER*

TIME TO EAT NOWJETZT KOMMT DAS ESSEN*YETST KOMT DAS ESSN

TIME FOR BREAKFASTDAS FRÜHSTÜCK IST DA*DAS FREW-SHTEWK IST DAR

MIDDAY MEAL LUNCHMITTAGESSEN*MITTARK-ESSN


FOOD


26

GERMANYES NOJA NEIN* YA *NINE

EVENING MEAL (DINNER)ABENDESSEN*ARBENT-ESSN*

DO YOU WANT A DRINK?MÖCHTEN SIE ETWAS TRINKEN?*MERSHTN ZEE ETVAS TRINKN?

WOULD YOU LIKE TEA OR COFFEE?MÖCHTEN SIE TEE ODER KAFFEE?*MERSHTN ZEE TEH ORDER KUFFEH?

TEA COFFEETEE KAFFEE*TEH *KUFFEH

SUGAR, MILKZUCKER MILCH*TSOOKER *MILSH


FOOD


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ARE YOU COMFORTABLE?IST ES SO ANGENEHM FÜR SIE“*IST ESS ZOH UN-GA-NAIRM FEWR ZEE?

WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIE DOWN?MÖCHTEN SIE SICH HINLEGEN*MERSHTEN ZEE ZISH HIN-LEGN?

ARE YOU TOO WARM?IST ES IHNEN ZU WARM?*IST ESS EENEN TSOO VARM?

ARE YOU TOO COLD?IST ES IHNEN ZU KALT?*IST ESS EENEN TSOO KULT?


PERSONAL CARE


28


DO YOU WANT TO GO TO THE TOILET?MÜSSEN SIE AUF DIE TOILETTE?*MEWSSN ZEE OWF DEE TOILETTER?

TRY TO USE YOUR BOWELS NOWVERSUCHEN SIE, IHREN DARM ZU ENTLEEREN*FER-ZOOKHEN ZEE EER’N DARM TSOO ENT-LAIRN

IT IS TIME FOR A SHOWER KNOWES IST ZEIT, SICH ZU DUSCHEN*ESS IST TSITE ZISH TSOO DOOSHN

I WOULD LIKE TO CLEAN YOUR TEETHICH MÖCHTE IHRE ZÄHNE PUTZEN*ISH MERSHTER EERA TSAIRNA POOTSEN


PERSONAL CARE


29


WOULD YOU LIKE YOUR NAILS CUT?MÖCHTEN SIE IHRE NÄGEL SCHNEIDEN LASSEN?MERSHTN ZEE EERA NAIRGL SCHNIDE-N LUSSEN?

WOULD YOU LIKE YOUR TOE NAILS CUT?MÖCHTEN SIE IHRE ZEHNÄGEL SCHNEIDEN LASSEN?MERSHTN ZEE EERA TSAY-NAIRGL SCHNIDE-N LUSSEN?

WOULD YOU LIKE YOUR HAIR CUTMÖCHTEN SIE IHRE HAARE SCHNEIDEN LASSEN?MERSHTN ZEE EERA HAARA SCHNIDE-N LUSSEN?

WE WOULD LIKE TO WEIGH YOU NOWWIR MÖCHTEN SIE JETZT WIEGENVEER MERSHTN ZEE YETST VEEGN?


PERSONAL CARE


30


PLEASE TAKE YOUR MEDICINE NOW?NEHMEN SIE JETZT BITTE IHRE MEDIZIN EINNAIRMEN ZEE YETST BITTER EERA MEDDI-TSIN INE

PLEASE TAKE YOUR TABLETS NOWNEHMEN SIE JETZT BITTE IHRE TABLETTEN EINNAIRMEN ZEE YETST BITTER EERA TUBB-LET-N INE

TIME TO REST NOWJETZT IST ES ZEIT, SICH AUSZURUHENYETST IST ESS TSITE, ZISH OWS-TSOO-ROON


PERSONAL CARE


31


ARE YOU COMFORTABLE?IST ES SO ANGENEHM FÜR SIE?IST ESS ZOH UN-GA-NAIRM FEWR ZEE?

ARE YOU IN PAIN NOW?HABEN SIE SCHMERZEN?HARBN ZEE SHMAIRTSEN?

SHOW ME WHERE THE PAIN ISZEIGEN SIE MIR WO SIE SCHMERZEN HABENTS-EYE-GEN ZEE MEER VOH ZEE SHMAIRTSEN HARBN

IS IT A BURNING KIND OF PAIN?IST ES EINE ART BRENNENDER SCHMERZ?IST ESS EYE-NA ART BRENNENDA SHMAIRTS?


PAIN


32


IS IT AN ACHING KIND OF PAIN?IST ES EIN DUMPFER SCHMERZ?IST ESS INE DOOMFER SHMAIRTS?

IS IT A PRICKING KIND OF PAIN?IST ES EIN STECHENDER SCHMERZ?IST ESS INE SHTESH-ENDA SHMAIRTS?

DO YOU WANT MEDICINE FOR YOUR PAIN?MÖCHTEN SIE EIN SCHMERZSTILLENDES MITTEL?MERSHTN ZEE INE SHMAIRTS-SHTILL-ENDESS MITTL?


PAIN


33


PLEASE STAND UPSTEHEN SIE BITTE AUFSHTAIRN ZEE BITTER OWF

PLEASE SIT DOWNSETZEN SIE SICH BITTEZETSEN ZEE ZISH BITTER

TIME TO REST NOWJETZT IST ES ZEIT, SICH AUSZURUHENYETST IST ESS TSITE, ZISH OWS-TSOO-ROON

ARE YOU GOING OUT?GEHEN SIE AUS?GAIRN ZEE OWS?


REQUESTS


34


PLEASE COME WITH MEKOMMEN SIE BITTE MIT*KOMMEN ZEE BITTER MIT

PLEASE LIFT UP YOUR FOOTHEBEN SIE BITTE IHREN FUSSHAIRBN ZEE BITTER EER’N FOOS


REQUESTS


About Jass

IntroductionSchieber Jass is a partnership game forfour players, played with a Jass pack. Theplayers sit opposite their partners. Thepack has 36 cards. There are four suits:acorns, shields, flowers, and bells. In eachsuit, there are nine cards: ace, king, ober,under, banner, 9, 8, 7, 6. If you cannotobtain such a pack, you can play it with abridge or poker pack, using queens forobers, jacks for unders, 10s for banners,and discarding cards smaller than 6s. The rank of the cards (followed by theirpoint values in brackets) within each suitis: Ace (11), King (4), Ober (3), Under (2),Banner (10), 9 (0), 8 (0), 7 (0), 6 (0).However, when there is a trump suit, therank within the it is: Under (20), 9 (14), ace(11), King (4), Ober (3), Banner (10), 8 (0),7 (0), 6 (0). These points count to the teamwinning the trick containing the card.There is also a bonus of 5 points to theteam which wins the last trick. Thus thereis a total of 157 points in the pack.

The deal, and the play, are anti-clockwise.The dealer deals all the cards out, inthrees, starting with the player on herright. Any player can deal the first hand,and the player who holds the seven offlowers is forehand and begins thebidding, leads to the first trick, and dealsthe second hand. On the second andsubsequent hands the player to dealer'sright is forehand, and the deal rotates tothe right after each hand. A session

continues until one side has scored at least3000 points: typically this will take abouttwelve hands.

To score, a slate marked as shown istraditionally used. In Switzerland, whereSchieber Jass is usually played, it ispossible to buy slates painted like this. Ifyou cannot obtain such a slate, you candraw your own Zs, either on a slate or ona piece of paper, or manage without the Zsaltogether.

Each partnership appoints a scorer. Theslate is placed between the two scorers,and each uses the Z nearer to herself torecord her team's score.

Hundreds are marked on the top line of theZ. They are grouped into fives. Fifties aremarked on the sloping line of the Z, andgrouped in pairs. Twenties are marked onthe lower line of the Z, and grouped infives. Smaller numbers are simply writtenon the slate. The details of how to record ascore are left to the individual scorer'sdiscretion.

35

APPENDIX A

ZZ


For example, a score of 257 might berecorded by marking two 100s on the topline and a 50 on the middle line, andwriting down "7"; or by marking two 100son the top line, three 20s on the lower line, and erasing a "3" previously written;or by marking two 100s on the top line,three 20s on the lower line, and writingdown "-3".

If you do not want to bother with all this,you can instead score by adding up thenumbers on a piece of paper. In doing so,you will lose nothing but authenticity.

BiddingAfter the deal, forehand (normally theplayer on dealer's right, but in the firstdeal the holder of the seven of flowers)chooses a contract, or "shoves" - the wordschieben means to shove. If she shoves, herpartner must then choose a contract.

Possible contracts are: Acorns scores singleFlowers scores singleShields scores doubleBells scores doubleObenabe scores trebleUndenufe scores quadruple

• Acorns, Shields, Bells, Flowers: playwith the specified suit as trumps. If yourcards have Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs andSpades instead of the Swiss suits thenthe black suits score single and the redsuits score double.

• Obenabe: Play with no trumps. So thatthe pack will add up to the usual 157points, the 8s also count eight pointseach.

• Undenufe: Play with no trumps, andthe suits inverted. The suit order is thus6 (highest), 7, 8, 9, Banner, Under, Ober,King, Ace (lowest). As in Obenabe, the 8scount eight points each. Undenufe ispronounced with the d and the f silent.

The single, double, treble, and quadrupleapply to all scores made on the hand:tricks, Weis, and Stöck.

Rules of PlayThe play is in tricks. Forehand leads to thefirst trick (on the first hand this is theholder of the seven of flowers; onsubsequent hands it is the player todealer's right). The winner of each trickleads to the next.

If there is no trump suit, the other playersare obliged to follow suit when they can doso; those who cannot follow suit may playany card. A trick is won by the highestcard of the suit led.

If there is a trump suit, a player who isable to follow suit must either do so orplay a trump; a player who cannot followsuit may play any card subject to therestrictions on undertrumping explainedbelow. A trick is won by the highest trumpin it; or if there were no trumps, by thehighest card of the suit led.

If a non-trump is led, and someone hasalready played a trump on it, subsequentplayers are not allowed to undertrumpunless they have nothing but trumps intheir hand. If you hold cards other thantrumps and can follow suit, you must

36


either follow suit or play a trump which is larger than the highest trump played tothe trick so far; if you hold cards otherthan trumps but cannot follow suit, youmay play any card except a trump whichdoes not beat the highest so far played tothe trick.

A player is never compelled to play theUnder of trumps (known as the Puur). Iftrumps are led, and a player holds notrump other than the Puur, she need notplay it but may play any other card.

Weis and StöckAs the first trick is being played, playersannounce their Weis. For an explanation ofWeis, see the General Rules of Jass. Thepartnership with the best single instanceof Weis scores points for all their Weis; theother partnership do not score for anyWeis they may hold. Weis are scored onthe slate immediately, remembering tomultiply by the factor for the contract. E.G.the contract is obenabe, a playerannounces four obers, and her partnerannounces a sequence of three. Obenabe isworth treble, so 3 times (100 plus 20) is360. This might be scored as three strokeson the top line of the slate and three onthe lower line.

A player who holds both the king and oberof trumps may announce "stöck" as sheplays the second of them, for 20 points.This 20 is multiplied by the factor for thecontract, and scored on the slate when it isannounced.

ScoringAt the end of each hand, each side adds upthe trick points they have taken,remembering to include 5 points for thelast trick. The two totals should add up to157. If either side took all nine tricks, theyadd a bonus of 100 for "match" to theirscore of 157, making 257. Each side thenmultiplies its total card points for tricks bythe factor for the hand, and scores it onthe slate.

Winning the GameThe first team to achieve a total of 3000points wins the game. This may happen inthe middle of a hand. If the losingpartnership have not by then reached 1500points, they are said to be Schneider, andthe winners win two games.

Because of the scoring method, andbecause players may count the values oftricks already made in the course of ahand (without being able to turn themover and look at them), it may not beobvious when this total has been achieved.So any player may at any time claim tohave won the game. When such a claim ismade, play ceases, a player who held theking and ober of trumps at the start of thehand may announce stöck and score it,and the tricks made by the claimingpartnership are counted and scored. Thenthe total recorded on the slate for thatpartnership is added up. If it is then atleast 3000, the claiming partnership haswon. Otherwise they have lost.

37


If one partnership claims to have won inthe first trick of a hand, the otherpartnership may itself claim to have won.The question is then, who won first? Incases in which both partnerships claim, thequestion is resolved by using the ruleStöck-Weis-Stich. First of all, Stöck isscored (the hand has ended, so it may beannounced by anyone who held it). If thistakes the partnership scoring it to 3000 orover, then they win. Then Weis is scored.Again, if this takes the partnership scoringit to 3000 or over, then they win. Finally,Stich is scored, by adding up the points inthe trick that has been played, and seeingif the partnership winning it has achieved3000.

To find a game:For more information go to:http://www.pagat.com/jass/schieber.html

To play on-line go to:http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.swissjass.ch/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Donline%2Bschieber%2BJass%2B%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

38


Diversicare Resources• Directory of Services for the German-

speaking community in Brisbane andSouth-East Queensland up to Hervey Bay,2005. This directory in both English andGerman is a listing of known contacts inthe areas of - Consulates, Organisations,Cultural groups, Social groups, Media,Travel agencies, Miscellaneous, Fooddistributors, Restaurants/cafes

• Cultural Diversity Resource Directory forResidential and Community CareAgencies, 2005. Lists all known resourcesunder chapter headings of –Communication, Cultural background,Health and Personal Care, Lifestyle,Legal, Management, Resources.

Phone Diversicare for these resources on(07) 3846 1099

Useful websites

Western Australiawww.health.wa.gov.au/mau/

New South Waleswww.mhcs.health.nsw.gov.au/health-public-affairs/mhcs/resources/index.html#top

Victoriawww.healthtranslations.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcht.nsf/CategoryDoc/PresentCategory?Open

Federal Governmentwww.ageing.health.gov.au/publicat/multilin.htm

www.ageing.health.gov.au/publicat/pubindex.htm

Cross Cultural Health Program (USA)www.xculture.org/resource/order/index.cfm?Category=Articles

Centre for Culture Ethnicity andHealth - Video Cataloguehttp://www.ceh.org.au/video_catalogue.htm

Alzheimers Australiawww.alzheimers.org.au/content.cfm?categoryid=14

Alzheimer’s Australia NSW www.alzheimers.org.au

Queensland Health – MulticulturalHealth Publicationswww.health.qld.gov.au/publications/restopicmaster.asp?Rec=40&frmHealthTopic=MulticulturalHealth

Queensland Transcultural MentalHealth Centrewww.health.qld.gov.au/pahospital/qtmhc/multilingual_resources.asp

Cancer Foundationhttp://www.cancerindex.org/clinks13.htm

Nutrition Australiawww.nutritionaustralia.org

39

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES


Information lines

Aged and Community CareInformation Line: 1800 500 853

Carelink: 1800 052 222

LibrariesOrganisations must be registered toborrow

DiversicarePh (07) 3846 1099

Blue CarePh (07) 3377 3327

Queensland Transcultural MentalHealth CentrePh (07) 3240 2833

HACC Resource UnitPh (07) 3350 8653

Alzheimers Association of Queensland Inc.Ph (07) 3857 4043

40


41

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Post FaxDiversicare Attention: Margaret HessPO Box 5199 DiversicareWest End Qld 4101 Fax: (07) 3846 1107

Thank you for your assistance in keeping this document current.


41 – 51 Thomas Street West End Q 4101PO Box 5199 West End Q 4101Ph 07 3846 1099 Fax 3846 1107

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