Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen
Paul Scherrer Institut
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Hakim Ferroukhi Laboratory for Reactor Physics and Systems Behaviour
TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 26-28 July 2011
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Overview Nuclear Power in Switzerland
LWRs in Operation
Reactor Operation 2010 Availability, Safety Performance and Upgrades
Safety Measures for Operating Plants Regulatory Requests and Status
National Status Pre- and Post Fukushima
New Swiss Energy Policy Some Trends and Challenges
Nuclear Research Changes and shift in Priorities
LWR IAEA Activities Follow-up and Proposals
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Nuclear Power in Switzerland (1/1) 3 PWRs and 2 BWRs
Beznau Mühleberg Gösgen LeibstadtKKB1 KKB2 KKM KKG KKL
LWR PWR (2L) PWR (2L) BWR-4 PWR (3L) BWR-6
Design WE WE GE KWU GE
Start 1969 1971 1972 1979 1984
Thermal Power [MW] 1130 1130 1097 3002 3600
Fuel Design U/MOX/ERU U/MOX/ERU UO2 U/MOX/ERU UO2
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Reactor Operation 2010 (1/3) Capacity and Production Capacity and Availability
KKM KKL KKG KKB
Swiss Electricity Production 2010
Hydro55% Nuclear
39%
Others6%
Net Electrical Output 2010 - 25.3 TWh ; (%)
2.7; 11%
2.9; 11%
3.0; 12%
8.0; 32%
8.8; 34%
KKB1
KKB2
KKM
KKG
KKL
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
KKB1 KKB2 KKG KKM KKL
7 7 10 13 5
KKL 1
Events 2010/2011
SCRAMS 2001-2010
0
1
2
3
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Num
ber (
-)
KKB1 (PWR)KKB2 (PWR)KKG (PWR)KKM (BWR)KKL (BWR)
Fuel Failures 2001-2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Scra
ms
(-)
KKB1 (PWR)KKB2 (PWR)KKG (PWR)KKM (BWR)KKL (BWR)
Reactor Operation 2010 (2/3) Performance and Safety
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
KKL Renewal of Low-Pressure Turbines with enhanced blading technology and energy efficiency Replacement of Low-Pressure Pre-Heaters Renewal of Block-Transformers (3x500 MvA)
Reactor Operation 2010 (3/3) Maintenance and Technology Upgrades
KKM Upgrade of recirculation pumps with frequency converters Replacement of valves and pipes for one of the core spray systems Optimization of RCIC system piping for increased availability during operation/maintenance
KKB1/KKB2 Upgrade of control rod housing/guiding components for Regulating Rods (KKB1) Motor Replacement of Emergency Diesel Generator and for 2 safety injection pumps (KKB1) Renewal of Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers started (KKB1) Replacement of all baffle former bolts (KKB1/KKB2)
KKG Replacement of motor for one of the three main circulation pumps Continuation of Antike project to replace all non-qualified I&C equipment Replacement of 48 V emergency batteries and rectifiers
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
National Status (1/3) Pre-Fukushima: Nuclear Renaissance
June. 2008: Submittal of First (out of three) General Site Application for new NPPs
Feb. 2007: Government Presentation of New Swiss Energy Policy
Aug. 2008: Nuclear Engineering Master Program launched at ETHZ/EPFL+PSI
Dec. 2010: Regulatory Approval for KKB Life-time extension from 40 to 50 years
June. 2009: Unlimited Operation License granted for KKM and thus all 4 Swiss Plants
Feb. 2011: Local Referendum in Bern Canton in favor of new NPP at Mühleberg (51 %)
Feb. 2010: Regulatory Approval of Candidate sites for Deep Geological Repositories (step 1)
Nov. 2010: Regulatory Approval for the three General Site Applications
May. 2009: Establishment of Analytical Groups at Regulator and Utilities for Strengthened National Capacities on Deterministic Safety Analyses
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
14.03.2011: Government suspends General Site Application procedure of new build projects
23.03.2011: Government commissions a revision of the Swiss energy outlook and the electricity supply options along 3 alternatives
Option 1: Continuation of current “electricity mix” with early replacement of three oldest by 2 new GIII/III+ reactors
Option 2: Gradual Nuclear Phase-out i.e. no replacement of the old reactors at the end of their lifetime span
Option 3: Accelerated Nuclear Phase-out i.e. decommissioning of existing plants before end of lifetime span
25.05.2011: Government selects and recommends Option 2
08.06.2011: Lower-Chamber of Parliament (National Council) approves and votes Option 2 (101 yes, 54 no, 45 abstentions)
~ Aug 2011: Approval and Vote of Upper-Chamber of Parliament (Council of States)
National Status (2/3) Post-Fukushima - Political Reversal
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
National Status (3/3) Nuclear Phase Out and New Energy Policy
End of New Build Projects
Decommissioning after max. 50 years KKB1 – 2019 KKB2 – 2021 KKM – 2022 KKG – 2029 KKL – 2034
Prolongation determined by safety
Nuclear Phase Out New Energy Policy
Reduction in energy consumption
Broadening of electricity supply More Hydro-Power Strengthen Renewables (Wind, Solar) Expansion of fossil-fuel generation Gas turbines
Maintaining electricity imports
Expansion and Modernization of grids
Strengthening of Energy Research Renewables; Energy efficiency and enhanced technologies
(Grids, Storage, Distribution)
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
New Energy Policy Challenges (1/3) Energy Consumption
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
New Energy Policy Challenges (2/3) Share of Renewables
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
New Energy Policy Challenges (3/3) Energy Research
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Safety Measures for Operating Plants (1/3) Regulatory Requests Regulatory Request 18.03.2011
Review of Plant Design viz. Earthquake and Flooding Report and Clarifications on Coolant Supply and Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) Cooling Systems (BE/KW) 31 May .2011 Establishment of External Central Storage Center for Emergency Equipment 01 June .2011
Regulatory Request 01.04.2011
Verification analysis of design resistance to Earthquake (E), Flooding (F) and Combined E+F events with severity according to 1/10’000 years probability
Completion of Flooding Analysis 30 June 2011 Completion of Earthquake + Combined E+F Analyses 31 March 2012
Regulatory Request 05.05.2011 Weaknesses related to SFP Cooling, Coolant Supply Systems and construction structures identified Enhancement Plan with Corrective Measures to be proposed 31 August 2011
Regulatory Request 01.06.2011 Participation to EU Stress-Tests 31 October 2011 Review by ENSI – 31.12.2011 EU Peer Review – 30.04.2012
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Safety Measures for Operating Plants (2/3) EU Stress-Tests
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
External Emergency Storage Center for all 4 Plants established in former military bunker Power supply equipment to safety systems (batteries, Instrumentation, cables) Mobile pumps and storage of sufficient fuel quantities Reserves of Boric acid All material to be ready for rapid air transportation
First Results of Regulatory Review Consolidation of SFP building structures for severe earthquakes KKB Protection of SFP cooling systems against earthquakes and flooding not sufficient KKB / KKM Emergency procedures for recovery of cooling capacity after earthquakes and/or KKB / KKM
flooding not complete. Monitoring and display of SFP levels and temperature in emergency control rooms KKG / KKL / KKM Capability for external cooling of SFP KKM
through Connection to SUSAN system (separate independent decay heat removal) Diversification of coolant/water supply sources for emergency situations KKM
(currently, only river water available)
Safety Measures for Operating Plants (3/3) Status
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
-
Swiss Utilitie
-
ENSI
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTPAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT
REGULATORREGULATOR UTILITIESUTILITIES
Nuclear Research (1/3) Changes in Swiss R&D Tripod
Section(s) for New NPPs re-directed as Fukushima Task Force
Company for new build project re-oriented towards support of operating NPPs
Closure of Zero-Power Research Reactor PROTEUS with end of reactor physics experiments at PSI
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Nuclear Research (2/3) Strategies and Shift in Priorities Regulator
Elaboration of new RND strategy on-going Long-Term Operation and Plant Ageing Deterministic Safety Analyses and Primary System/Containment Dynamics Maintenance of competence and expertise
Utilities
New RND strategy established early 2011
Recent Additional Priorities Deterministic safety analysis and beyond design scenarios Probabilistic Safety Analysis and Human Factors Plant Technology for enhanced safety (e.g. hydrogen explosion, fire propagation, novel fuel/cladding designs)
1. Sicherstellung des Nachwuchs 2. Beiträge zum sicheren,
langfristigen und wirtschaftlichen Betrieb der Kernkraftwerke
3. Verankerung der Kernenergie in der Gesellschaft
1. Sicherstellung des Nachwuchs 2. Beiträge zum sicheren,
langfristigen und wirtschaftlichen Betrieb der Kernkraftwerke
3. Verankerung der Kernenergie in der Gesellschaft
Guarantee Highly Qualified Young Professionals
Contribute to Safe, Long-Term and Economical Operation of the Swiss NPPs
Promote and Strengthen Public Acceptance of nuclear Energy
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
Nuclear Research (3/3) Strategies and Shift in Priorities PSI
Nuclear Energy and Safety Research Department
Safety Analysis of Old Plants
Plant Ageing
Optimal Plant Operation
Waste Management
Decommissioning
Education and Training
Maintain Competence
Keep Nuclear Energy Option Open
Consolidated Priorities and Challenges
Safety• Understanding relevant phenomena• Monitoring material integrity
GIV
• Closing fuel cycle• Optimum use of
uranium resources
GIV
• Closing fuel cycle• Optimum use of
uranium resources
GIV
• Closing fuel cycle• Optimum use of
uranium resources
Waste Management
• Quantifying retention of radionuclides by minerals
• Ascertaining safetyof final repository
Waste Management
• Quantifying retention of radionuclides by minerals
• Ascertaining safetyof final repository
Waste Management
• Quantifying retention of radionuclides by minerals
• Ascertaining safetyof final repository
IAEA TWG-LWR 16th Meeting, 26-28 July 2011 / PSI / FH41
Nuclear Energy and Safety Department
Switzerland LWR Activities 2010/2011
LWR IAEA Activities High Relevance of already Proposed Activities
Multi-phase Flow and Heat Transfer in Passive Safety Systems (Best Practice in design and validation) Electrical Transients Methods/Tools for Human Reliability Models and Error Management Compilation of Lessons Learned and Safety Upgrades conducted in operating LWRs Emergency Planning Requirements and Severe Accident Management
New/Additional Activities Probabilistic Dynamics and Safety Margin Quantifications Non-reactor Safety issues (spent fuel pools design, protection and safety) Non Zr Claddings Multi-Scale Modelling and Atomistic Simulations (e.g. material behaviour, boiling) Standardization of Regulatory Requirements and/or Periodic Safety Assessments Communication Strategies and Public Acceptance
THANK YOU …
