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Swords and Ploughshares by Lucia Ames Mead; Baroness von SuttnerThe Advocate of Peace (1894-1920), Vol. 75, No. 1 (JANUARY, 1913), pp. 19-20Published by: World Affairs InstituteStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20666613 .

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1913 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. 19

poses when they clearly see the definite benefits they lose because the needed money goes to purposes of war.1 We judge men by the ratio of their accomplishments

to their opportunities. And so it must be with na tions. As we gradually learn that the will and intelli

gence of the nation can do even more eminently than

any single individual the work of fighting disease and

ignorance and vice; that indeed only the united people can today insure free communication and just com

merce; that the growth and application of science in creases vastly by public support; when there are all these opportunities for national effort, men will not be content to approve a government whose main effort is

merely to be prepared for attack from without. Swag ger and sword-clanking and parade of "honor" will no

longer satisfy the newer measure of worth; they no

longer seem the prime use of so high and effective an instrument as the national power.

Causes of Hope and of Hesitation.

The higher standards are not something merely of the future. They have already brought it to pass that a permanent and impartial tribunal is available in all cases of international dispute. And their work will go on, I believe, until there is also available an impar tial military force to protect the single nation from

aggression. Until then, the state will rightly hesitate to imitate in all fullness the entirely defenseless bear

ing of the gentleman; for he, as I have said, has been made confident and secure by long experience of an

independent power interested to enforce his rights. And this, which is wanting to our present nations, gives each a certain excuse for its great armament, and for declaring the personal standard of conduct inap plicable to the nation's life. But the deep desires of humanity are indomitable, and the longing for inter national law and order, #aily becoming more intense, will force aside this last obstacle to the full recognition of the higher standard.

The Newer Standards Need Not Await Universal Peace.

Yet a confusion should be avoided. The change to the higher standard in regard to fighting does not itself have to be postponed to a time when wars shall cease. In private life the standards of judgment by which theft and murder are condemned are not counted visionary because theft and murder persistently occur. To admit that wars will sometimes come in spite of all that can be done does not make invalid the higher canons of national conduct. And these higher criteria will, in the end, transform the facts into fuller accord with themselves. They will exercise an unfailing pres sure?resistible, it is true, but by their very persistence changing the entire aspect of international life.

What Makes a Higher Standard Apply.

Thus we may meet the old assertion that the laws of private honor do not apply to national affairs. They apply whenever men care to apply them. In this

respect they are in contrast with natural laws. The law of gravitation does not wait for us; it stands on

duty day and night. So do moral laws; yet in a meas ure they are only then real and effective when human wills accept them. And whenever nations desire peace with that passion long enduring and provident, with which they now desire trade and territory and wide sway, the higher law will apply because the nations will then judge themselves by it. The disturbers of international peace will then appear like ruffians on a

city's street.

1 Attention cannot be drawn too often to the fact that? leaving out of account the Postal Service, where income and expense nearly balance?the ordinary disbursements of the United States government for purposes connected with war are about twice as great as for all other purposes combined.

Book Notices. Pride of War. By Gustaf Janson. Translated from

the Swedish. 350 pages. Price, postpaid, $1.42. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

This is not a book to be looked at and laid hastily aside, but to be read from cover to cover. The story (or rather stories, for there are four of them) deals

with the Turko-Italian war in Tripoli, and is an un

usually live, up-to-date bit of work. There is not a dull page in the book. The moral purpose of the au thor, to set forth the savagery, the stupidity, and the futility of war, is worked into the story in such a vital, artistic way that one reads without any sense of being preached to. The pathetic story of Lieutenant Nino and Signorina Carmela is enough to set the hearts of all young men and young women looking forward to the blessings of married life and a home, forever against war, which horribly maims men and then hurls them aside like so much useless lumber. The still sadder tale of Hamza and Hanifa perishing in their rude desert hut under the brutal blows and shots of the in vading soldiers portrays in a fresh, graphic way the

manner in which "horrid war" destroys homes and spares nothing of the sacred privacies of life. In chap ters 4 and 5 the heart of the Italian campaign in the desert is depicted, the fighting among the sand hills and about the oases, the awful sufferings of the wounded men, the fury of battle, the spirit of revenge. In a remarkable chapter toward the close, under the title of "Lies," the author, through the personality of an Ital ian archeologist driven from his work by the war,-and entering the army in order to study war at first hand, sets forth how the present "hysterical craze for arma

ments which is sweeping like a simoon across the world" is due to lies?just a tissue of lies in which the nations indulge toward each other. The archeologist, Fontanara, dying from the effects of a wound, passes away repeating the word "Lies-Lies-Lies." The London Athenceum declares that the work "sets its author at once among the greatest writers of Europe."

Swords and Ploughshares. By Lucia Ames Mead. With a preface by the Baroness von Suttner and seventeen illustrations. 249 pages. Price, $1.50 net. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

Beginning with a concise History of the Peace Move ment, Mrs. Mead in the subsequent chapters deals in her usual straightforward and trenchant way with Na tional Dangers and National Defence, with the growing Interdependence of Nations, the Makers of Militarism, the Navy as Insurance, the Fallacies of Admiral Mahan,

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20 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. January,

Neutralization and Non-Intercourse, the Problem of the Philippines, Teaching Patriotism and Internation ism, the Progress of Arbitration, Hopeful New Agen cies for Peace, etc. On most of these subjects Mrs.

Mead has spoken and written often in recent years, and this work is the result of her long-continued and ma ture thinking on the various problems of the peace

movement. In six appendices most valuable informa tion is given in regard to the Peace Congresses, Inter national Conferences, the Hague Conference, Cost of

Armaments, the American Peace Society, etc. "Swords and Ploughshares" will be a most helpful source of in formation and argument to those who are beginning the study of the Peace Movement and wish to fortify themselves with the best arguments in its support. The Friendship of Nations. By Lucile Gulliver.

With a foreword by David Starr Jordan. 293

pages. Price, 60 cts. Copiously illustrated. Boston: Ginn and Company.

This is a "simple, concise, attractive story" of the

peace movement for young people. It is intended to serve as a manual of public exercises for the observance of the eighteenth of May, and also as a supplementary reader for the school and the home. Dr. Jordan, presi dent of Leland Stanford Junior University, says that "it serves the purpose for which it is intended better than anything else which has been published." It is. full of most interesting information about both war and

peace, of the kind which appeals especially to boys. The

chapter on "The Arithmetic of War" will, we think, interest the young people even more than the. ordinary arithmetic which they carry so fondly under their arms to and from school. "The Geography of Peace" is a

chapter finely conceived and well worked out. The last

chapter, "The World Brotherhood," explains how the

peoples and nations have been gradually coming to know each other, to have dealings with and to feel

friendly toward each other. Where the book has been

tried, it has been found to awaken much interest among young folks.

Armaments and Arbitration. By Eear-Admiral A. T. Mahan. 260 pages. Price, $1.40 net. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.

The chapters of this book were originally articles contributed to the North American Review and the

Century Magazine. In them Admiral Mahan, a recog nized authority on naval subjects, discusses exhaust

ively the methods of armament and arbitration in their contrasted relations. In his pages are found the ablest

arguments that can be advanced at the present time in favor of the maintenance of a system of highly armed

force, as, in his view, an essential element of present day civilization without which it would go to the wall. On the other hand, what he considers the necessary limitations of arbitration as a method of settling con troversies between independent and sovereign states are

fully and frankly pointed out. It would, of course, be

impossible to give anything like a critical review of the

reasoning of the book without devoting many pages of this paper to it. This cannot be done, and we must be content simply to point out the general thesis of the

book, and ask our friends to read the work themselves. All workers for a system of unlimited arbitration ought to be acquainted with what Admiral Mahan says, in

order to be able to point out the fallacies and the in

completeness of his reasoning. It is needless to say that Admiral Mahan's style is almost unsurpassed in its clearness and attractiveness.

Pamphlets Received. An International Police to Guaranty the World's

Peace. Address before the Washington Peace So

ciety, Washington, D. C, December 16, 1912. 28 pages. With four maps. By Bobert Stein.

I/Amitie Franco-Americaine. Beport of the recep tion given in the French Senate to Hon. Bobert Bacon, American Ambassador to France, on his re tirement. Introduction by Baron d'Estournelles de Constant. Paris: 78bis Avenue Henri-Martin.

Science and Bace Prejudice. By G. Spiller, organ izer of the First Universal Eaces Congress. Be

printed, with additions, from the Sociological Re view, October, 1912. 24 pages. Address the author at 63 South Hill Park, Hampstead, London, N. W.

The Service of the University. By Nicholas Mur ray Butler, president of Columbia University. An address delivered at the dedication of the State Education Building at Albany, N. Y., October 16, 1912. Beprinted from the Educational Review.

CENTRAL?WEST DEPARTMENT of the

AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY, depository of peace literature,

CHARLES E. BEALS, Director,

30 North La Salle Street, Chicago.

NEW ENGLAND DEPARTMENT of the

AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY, depository of peace literature,

JAMES L. TRYON, Director,

31 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

NEW YORK DEPARTMENT of the

AMERICAN PEACE OCIETY STATES OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY

SAMUEL T. DUTTON, Director,

Columbia University, New York.

PACIFIC COAST DEPARTMENT of the

AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY, depository of peace literature,

ROBERT C. ROOT, Director, 0. T. Johnson Building, Los Angeles, California.

SO. ATLANTIC STATES DEPARTMENT of the

AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY, depository of peace literature,

J. J. HALL, Director,

1201 Empire Bldg. , Atlanta, Georgia.

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