Sydney Opera House Jorn Utzon

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arCHitECT -jORn utZOn

Swaraj singh baghel

B.Arch IV Year

En No. 071034


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LifE anD caREer

Utzon was born in Copenhagen, the son of a navalengineer, and grew up in Denmark. From 1937 he

attended the Royal Danish Academy of FineArtswhere he studied under Kay Fiskerand SteenEiler Rasmussen. After graduating in 1942, he wentto Sweden to work for Gunnar Asplund. After theend of World War IIand the German Occupation ofDenmark, he returned to Copenhagen. In 1946 he

visitedAlvar Aaltoin Helsinki. From 194748 hetravelled in Europein 1949 in the UnitedStatesand Mexico. In America he attended FrankLloyd Wright's school inArizona. In 1950 heestablished his own studio in Copenhagen.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Fiskerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen_Eiler_Rasmussenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen_Eiler_Rasmussenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar_Asplundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvar_Aaltohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinkihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wrighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinkihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvar_Aaltohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar_Asplundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen_Eiler_Rasmussenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steen_Eiler_Rasmussenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay_Fiskerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen


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A Few Works


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prITzKEr prIZe fOR sYDneY OPERA

HOUSE..

In 1957 he unexpectedly won the competitionto designthe Sydney Opera House. Although he had won six otherarchitectural competitions previously, the Opera House was his

first non-domestic project. The designs he submitted were alsolittle more than preliminary drawings. One of the judges,EeroSaarinen, described it as "genius" and declared he could notendorse any other choice.

Utzon refined his original conceptual designs for the shells overseveral years. One particular difficulty was that the Cahill

government was so eager to commence the project that theyarranged for the engineers, Ove Arup and Partners, to put outtenders for the podium without adequate working drawings; thiswork actually began in 1959 while Utzon was still in Denmarkworking on the final plans.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_design_competitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Saarinenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Saarinenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ove_Arup_and_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ove_Arup_and_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Saarinenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Saarinenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_design_competition


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The extraordinary structureof the shells themselves

represented a puzzle for theengineers. This was notresolved until 1961, whenUtzon himself finally cameup with the solution. Hereplaced the originalelliptical shells with a designbased on complex sectionsof a sphere. Utzon says hisdesign was inspired by thesimple act of peeling anorange: the 14 shells of thebuilding, if combined, wouldform a perfectsphere. Although Utzon hadspectacular, innovativeplans for the interior of these

halls

CONCEPT


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DeSCrIPtiON..

he Sydney Opera House is a modern expressionist design, with a series of large precast concrete"shells", each composed of sections of a sphereof 75.2 metre (246 ft 8 in) radius , forming theroofs of the structure, set on a monumental podium. The building covers 1.8 hectares (4.5 acres)of land and is 183 metres (605 ft) long and 120 metres (388 ft) wide at its widest point. It is

supported on 588 concrete piers sunk as much as 25 metres below sea level. Although the roof structures of the Sydney Opera House are commonly referred to as "shells" (as

they are in this article), they are in fact not shells in a strictly structural sense, but areinstead precast concretepanels supported by precast concrete ribs.The shells are covered in asubtle chevron pattern with 1,056,006 glossy white- and matte-cream-coloured Swedish-madetiles from Hgans AB,though, from a distance, the shells appear a uniform white.

Apart from the tile of the shells and the glass curtain walls of the foyer spaces, the building'sexterior is largely clad with aggregate panels composed of pink granite quarried in Tarana.Significant interior surface treatments also include off-form concrete,Australian white

birchplywoodsupplied from Wauchopein northern New South Wales, and brush boxglulam Of the two larger spaces, the Concert Hall is located within the western group of shells, and the

Opera Theatre within the eastern group. The scale of the shells was chosen to reflect the internalheight requirements, with low entrance spaces, rising over the seating areas and up to the highstage towers. The smaller venues (the Drama Theatre, the Playhouse, and The Studio) arelocated within the podium, beneath the Concert Hall. A smaller group of shells set to the westernside of the Monumental Steps houses the Bennelong Restaurant. The podium is surrounded bysubstantial open public spaces, of which the large stone-paved forecourt area with the adjacentmonumental steps is also regularly used as a performance space.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionist_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-shell_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precast_concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6gan%C3%A4s_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarana,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizomeria_ovatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizomeria_ovatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wauchope,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush_boxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glulamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glulamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush_boxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wauchope,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizomeria_ovatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizomeria_ovatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarana,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6gan%C3%A4s_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precast_concretehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-shell_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionist_architecture


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drAWinGs...biRD eyE viEW


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sITe PLaN..AnD hoW tO reACh


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The Sydney Opera House wasmade a UNESCOWorld HeritageSiteon 28 June 2007. It is one ofthe 20th century's most distinctivebuildings and one of the mostfamous performing arts centresinthe world.

The Sydney Opera House issituated on BennelongPointin Sydney Harbour, close tothe Sydney Harbour Bridge. It sitsat the northeastern tip ofthe Sydney central businessdistrict(the CBD), surrounded onthree sides by the harbour (SydneyCoveand Farm Cove) andneighboured by the Royal BotanicGardens.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennelong_Point,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennelong_Point,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_central_business_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_central_business_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Covehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Covehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_Cove,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_Cove,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Covehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Covehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_central_business_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_central_business_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennelong_Point,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennelong_Point,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO


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pLAns.


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elEVaTIon.


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sECtioNS.


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Performance venues and facilities

inside the opera house

The Opera House houses the following performance venues:

The Concert Hall, with 2,678 seats, is the home of the Sydney Symphonyand used by a largenumber of other concert presenters. It contains the Sydney Opera House Grand Organ, thelargest mechanical tracker action organ in the world, with over 10,000 pipes.

The Opera Theatre, a proscenium theatrewith 1,507 seats, is the Sydney home of OperaAustraliaand The Australian Ballet.

The Drama Theatre, a proscenium theatre with 544 seats, is used by the Sydney TheatreCompanyand other dance and theatrical presenters.

The Playhouse, an end-stage theatrewith 398 seats.

The Studio, a flexible space with a maximum capacity of 400 people, depending onconfiguration.

The Utzon Room, a small multi-purpose venue, seating up to 210.

The Forecourt, a flexible open-air venue with a wide range of configuration options, includingthe possibility of utilising the Monumental Steps as audience seating, used for a range ofcommunity events and major outdoor performances.

Other areas (for example the northern and western foyers) are also used for performances onan occasional basis. Venues at the Sydney Opera House are also used for conferences,ceremonies, and social functions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Grand_Organhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proscenium_theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian_Ballethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Theatre_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Theatre_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=End-stage_theatre&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=End-stage_theatre&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=End-stage_theatre&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=End-stage_theatre&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Theatre_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Theatre_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian_Ballethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proscenium_theatrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Grand_Organhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphony


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CONSTRUCTION HISTORY


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orIGinS..

Planning for the Sydney Opera House began in the late1940s, when Eugene Goossens, the Director of the NSWState Conservatorium of Music, lobbied for a suitable venuefor large theatrical productions. The normal venue for such

productions, theSydney Town Hall, was not considered largeenough. By 1954, Goossens succeeded in gaining thesupport of NSW PremierJoseph Cahill, who called fordesigns for a dedicated opera house. It was also Goossenswho insisted that Bennelong Point be the site for the OperaHouse. Cahill had wanted it to be on or near WynyardRailway Stationin the northwest of the CBD.

A design competitionwas launched by Cahill on 13September 1955 and received 233 entries, representing

architects from 32 countries. The criteria specified a largehall seating 3000 and a small hall for 1200 people, each tobe designed for different uses, including full-scale operas,orchestral and choral concerts, mass meetings, lectures,ballet performances and other presentations.The winner,announced in 1957, was Jrn Utzon, a Danish architect.According to legend the Utzon design was rescued from afinal cut of 30 "rejects" by the noted Finnish architect EeroSaarinen. The prize was 5,000. Utzon visited Sydney in1957 to help supervise the project. His office moved toSydney in February 1963.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Aynsley_Goossenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Conservatorium_of_Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Conservatorium_of_Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Town_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Town_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiers_of_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cahillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiers_of_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cahillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynyard_railway_station,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynyard_railway_station,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_design_competitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_design_competitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynyard_railway_station,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynyard_railway_station,_Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cahillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiers_of_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Town_Hallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Conservatorium_of_Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Conservatorium_of_Musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Aynsley_Goossens


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deSIgN n COnstRUcTIon

Stage I: Podium

Stage I commenced on 2 March 1959 by the construction firm Civil &Civic, monitored by the engineers Ove Arup and Partners. The

government had pushed for work to begin early, fearing that funding,or public opinion, might turn against them. However, Utzon had still notcompleted the final designs. Major structural issues still remainedunresolved. By 23 January 1961, work was running 47 weeksbehind, mainly because of unexpected difficulties (inclement weather,unexpected difficulty diverting stormwater, construction beginningbefore proper construction drawings had been prepared, changes of

original contract documents). Work on the podium was finallycompleted in February 1963. The forced early start led to significantlater problems, not least of which was the fact that the podiumcolumns were not strong enough to support the roof structure, and hadto be re-built.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_%26_Civichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_%26_Civichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ove_Arup_and_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ove_Arup_and_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_%26_Civichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_%26_Civic


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Stage II: Roof

The shellsof the competition entry were originally of

undefined geometry, but, early in the designprocess,the "shells" were perceived as a seriesof parabolassupported by precast concreteribs.However, engineers Ove Arup and Partnerswereunable to find an acceptable solution to constructingthem. The formworkfor using in-situconcrete wouldhave been prohibitively expensive, but, because therewas no repetition in any of the roof forms, theconstruction of precast concrete for each individualsection would possibly have been even moreexpensive.
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inTEriORs..

The major hall, which was originally to be a multipurposeopera/concert hall, became solely a concert hall, called the ConcertHall. The minor hall, originally for stage productions only, had the

added function of opera and ballet to deal with and is called the OperaTheatre. As a result, the Opera Theatre is inadequate to stage large-scale opera and ballet. A theatre, a cinema and a library were alsoadded. These were later changed to two live drama theatres and asmaller theatre "in the round". These now comprise the DramaTheatre, the Playhouse, and the Studio, respectively. These changeswere primarily because of inadequacies in the original competitionbrief, which did not make it adequately clear how the Opera Housewas to be used. The layout of the interiors was changed, and the stagemachinery, already designed and fitted inside the major hall, waspulled out and largely thrown away.

Externally, the cladding to the podium and the paving (the podium wasoriginally not to be clad down to the water, but to be left open).


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inTEriORs..

The construction of the glass walls (Utzon was planning touse a system of prefabricated plywood mullions, but adifferent system was designed to deal with the glass).

Utzon's plywood corridor designs, and his acoustic andseating designs for the interior of both major halls, werescrapped completely. His design for the Concert Hall wasrejected as it only seated 2000, which was consideredinsufficient. Utzon employed the acoustic consultant LotharCremer, and his designs for the major halls were latermodelled and found to be very good. The subsequentTodd, Hall and Littlemore versions of both major halls havesome problems with acoustics, particularly for theperforming musicians. The orchestra pit in the OperaTheatre is cramped and dangerous to musicians'hearing. The Concert Hall has a very high roof, leading to alack of early reflections onstageperspexrings (the"acoustic clouds") hanging over the stage were added

shortly before opening in an (unsuccessful) attempt toaddress this problem
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Few pictures of the opera house.


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deATh.

The Danish architect of the iconic Sydney OperaHouse, Jorn Utzon, died at the age of 90in the year

2008(29thnov). Utzon succumbed to a heart attack, while asleep at

home in Denmark on Saturday.

He was surrounded by family and had been ill forsome time.

He had not been doing well these past few days,since Thursday. He had been undergoing a series ofoperations .
http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/opera-house-lights-to-be-dimmed/2008/11/30/1227979817473.htmlhttp://www.smh.com.au/news/world/opera-house-lights-to-be-dimmed/2008/11/30/1227979817473.htmlhttp://www.smh.com.au/news/world/opera-house-lights-to-be-dimmed/2008/11/30/1227979817473.htmlhttp://www.smh.com.au/news/world/opera-house-lights-to-be-dimmed/2008/11/30/1227979817473.html


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Thank you..

For being a patient audience

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Sydney Opera House Jorn Utzon

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