syllabus of B.tech hons electrical technology

SYLLABUS OF B-TECH (HONS) ELECTRICAL

Engineering is your Career

Prepare by

UMAR SALEEM

1

nee

Curriculum of B-Tech (Hons) Electrical Power Technology

44Sr :No

Subject University

1 Communication Skills BZU

2 High Voltage Technology IUB+BZU+UET

3 Industrial Electronic IUB+BZU+UET

4 Mathematics IUB+BZU+UET

5 Digital Electronic BZU

6 Electrical Machines design and Equipment testing IUB

7 Design of Electrical Machines BZU+UET

8 Electrical Drives IUB

9 Power Economic and Management IUB

10 Power System Technology BZU+UET

11 Feed back control system IUB

12 Control Technology BZU

13 Power system operation and Control IUB

14 Sub Station Technology BZU

15 Communication System BZU

16 Power system Analysis IUB

17 Network Analysis BZU

18 Computer system UET

19 Data and Computer BZU

20 Switching and Logic Circuit UET

21 Applied Physics UET

22 Engineering Material UET

23 Total quality management BZU

24 Industrial management BZU

25 Electrical measurement and measuring instrument UET

26 Electrical power generation transmission and distribution UET

27 Electrical Magnetic Field BZU



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1: Communication Skills

Communication Environment:

1: Organizational structure

2: International Communication

3: Nondiscriminatory Communication

4: Communication Channels

Communication and technology:

1: Presentation Graphics and word processing

2: Fax

3: E-mail

4: Internet and voice voice mail

5: CD-ROM and Online Database

6: Teleconferencing

7: Audio visual Aids

Presentation Skills:

1: Define Audio Objective

2: Audience analysis

3: Style and tone

4: Credibility

5: Opening

6: Closing and main Ideas

7: Use of Audio visual aids



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Meetings and Interviews:

1: Participating in Meeting

2: Chairing a Meeting

3: Asking and answering question in meeting

4: Preparing in Resume

5: Preparing for Interviews

6: Asking and answering question in interviews

Letter and Memos:

1: Formats

2: Positive and negative messages

3: Persuasive Communication

4: Request

Technical Report Writing

1: Introduction and Importance

2: General Formats

3: Short and long Reports

4: Proposals

5: Quoting Reference

Books Recommended:

1. Murphy H. A., Hildebrandt, H. W. and Thomas J.P Effective Business Communication,

McGraw Hill USA.

2. Morrisey G.L., Sechrest T.L and Warman W.B LOUD AND CLEAR, Addisonwesley pu

blushing Company , USA.

3. Beebe S.A and Beebe S.J PUBLIC SPEAKING. Allyn and Bacon, USA.



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UMAR SALEEM

4

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2: High Voltage Technology

1. Breakdown of gases (I): Charge multiplication, Secondary emission, Townsend theory, streamer theory, paschen’s law, Determination of minimum breakdown voltage, Breakdown in non uniform field, Effect of polarity on corona inception and break down voltage.

2. Partial discharge (I): Definition and development in solid dielectric.

3. Breakdown of solid (I): Intrinsic breakdown, Electromechanical break down, Thermal breakdown, Streamer break down.

4. Breakdown of liquid (I): Intrinsic breakdown, Cavitation theory, Suspended particle theory.

5. Lightning phenomena (I): Electrification of cloud, Development of Lighting stroke, lightning induced over voltage, direct stroke, indirect stroke.

6. Protection of electrical apparatus against high voltage (I): Lightning Arrestors, Valve type, Metal oxide arresters, Expulsion type, Effect of location of lightning arresters on protection of transformer, protection of substation, Earth wire,

7. Insulation Co ordination (I): Basic insulation level, Basic impulse level, Switching impulse level, Volt time characteristics of protective devices, Determinitation of Basic impulse level of substation equipment.

8. Generation of high voltage (I): Generation of A.C high voltage by testing transformer, cascaded transformer, series resonant circuit, Single stage and multi stage, Advance of series resonant circuit in testing of Cables.

9. Generation of D.C high voltage (I): Cockcroft Walton doubler and multi stage circuit, Definition of impulse voltage as per Pakistan standard specification, Wave front and wave tail time, Generation of impulse voltage, multistage impulse generator, triggering of impulse generator.

10. Measurement of High voltage (I) Sphere gap voltmeter: a.c, d.c and impulse, high voltage measurement as per Pakistan standard specifications, Resistance and Capacitance potential dividers, peak voltmeter for measurement of high a.c voltage in conjunction with capacitance dividers, Capacitance voltage transformer, Rotating voltmeter for measurement of d.c high voltage.

11. Electrostatic volt meter high voltage testing (I): testing as per Pakistan standard specifications, Power frequency withstand, induced over voltage and impulse test on transformers, power frequency wet withstand test and impulse test on insulators.

12. EHV-AC//DC transmission insulation of transmission lines, insulation co-ordination, voltage drop around insulators

14. Dielectric and Breakdown phenomena (U+B)



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UMAR SALEEM

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15. Electric Breakdown in gases (U+B)

16. Corona Discharge (U+B)

17. Surface breakdown of insulation (U+B)

18. Operating and measurement of high voltage (U+B)

19. Impulse Generator (B)

20. High voltage Cable (B)

21. Interference phenomena (B)

20.High voltage cables and transmission lines testing (U+B

22: Insulation of Co- Ordination (U+B)

23. Voltage drop around insulation (U+B)

24. Pollution Effect on insulation (U+B)

References:

1. High voltage engineering :C.L Wadha, New Age International (p) Ltd, publishers.

2. An introduction to High voltage engineering : Subir Roy, prentice Hall pvt. Ltd.

Books Recommended:

1. High voltage engineering by Dr. Abdullaha and E Kuffle

2. High voltage engineering by Kamaraj & Naidu 3. Alston, High voltage Technology

4.



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UMAR SALEEM

6

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3: industrial Electronic

1. Thyartron

2. Silicon controlled rectifiers(I+U)

3. Poly phase rectifier circuits (I+U)

4. Speed control of motors (I+U)+I

5. Remote control of Machines (I+U)

6. Industrial process control (I+U)

7. The resistance selding automatic sequence timer (U+I)

8. Synchronous weld control (U+I)

9. Trailing tube circuits (U+I)

10. Energy store welding system (U+I)

11. Poly phase wilding system (U+I)

12. Photo relay and their industrial application (U+I)

13. Electric furnaces (U+I)

14. Induction and dielectric heating (U+I)

15. Saturable Reactor and control (U+I)

16. X ray tubes and application of x rays (U+I)

17. Study of feed back system for automatic control of physical quantity such as voltage

speed and mechanical position (U+I)

18. Industrial application of C.R Oscilloscope (U+I)

19. Electrical pneumatic and hydraulic servo system control transformers application of

magneto amplifiers and servo amplifier (U+I)

20. Flappers nozzles (U+I)

21. Gauges steady state analysis of electrical regulators including the Ward Leonard system

(U+I)

22. Electromechanical Control relay (B)

23. Solis state relay (B)

24. Timing and latching relay (B)

25. Relay Logic (B)

26. Magnetic contactors (B)

27. Solenoids (B)

28. Magnetic motor starters (B)

29. Solid state contactors (B)

30. Hydraulic and pneumatic actuators (B)

31. Sensors and Transducers based system & Interfacing of Micro Controllers (B)

32. Programmable logic Controllers (B)

33. Ladder logic diagram and programming of PLC (B)



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34. Computer controlled Machines Interfacing of PLC (B)

Books Recommended:

1. Frank D. petruzella, “programmable Logic controllers”. McGraw-Hill.

2. Frank D. petruzella, “Industrial Electronics”. McGraw-Hill.



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UMAR SALEEM

8

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4: Mathematics

1. Differential Equation:

1. Classification of Differential equation (B+I)

2. Formation of Differential equation (B+I)

3. Initial value and boundary value conditions (B+I)

4. First order differential equations (B+I)

5. Linear differential equations of first and second order application to relevant Engineering

problems (U)

6. Partial differential coefficient (U+B+I)

7. Partial differentiation of implicit functions (U+I)

8. Total differential and its application to small errors (U+I)

9. Homogeneous equations (B+I)

10. Exact Equations (B+I)

11. Linear equations Bernoulli‘s Equation (B+I)

12. Second order differential equations (B+I)

13. Non homogeneous Linear Equations (B+I)

14. Application to the physical and engineering problems (B)

2: Integration

1. Integration as Reverse process of Differentiation (B+I)

2. Different techniques of integration. Define Integrals (B+I)

3. Multiple integration (I)

Application of Integration

1. Area between curves (B+I)

2. Volume of solid (prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone and sphere) (B+I)



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3. Momentum (B+I)

4. Moment of inertia (B+I)

5. Theorem of parallel and perpendicular axes (B+I)

6. Means and root mean square values (B+I)

10. Multiple integration and its value to area between curves, areas of surfaces and volume of

solid application to Engineering problems (U+I)

3: Matrices and Determinants

1. Algebra of matrices (B+I)

2. system of linear equation ( Gauss Elimination method, Gauss’s Jordon Method (B+I)

3. Eigen values and Eigen vectors (B+I)

4. Singularity (B+I)

4: Complex Numbers:

1. Algebra of complex number (B+I)

2. Complex plane

3. Exponential and polar form (B+I)

4. D’ Moiver’s (B+I)

5. Theorem and inverse Hyperbolic functions (+I B)

6. Inverse Trigonometric functions (B+I)

7. Complex functions (B+I)

8. Limit and continuity (B+I)

9. Complex Differentiation (B+I)

10. Cauchy theorem and Chauchy’s Integral formula (B+I)

5:Fourier series

1. Introduction (B)



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2. Periodic functions (B)

3. Periodic Extensions (B)

4. Piecewise Continuous functions (B)

5. Convergence of Fourier series (B)

6. Fourier series of functions with arbitrary periods (B)

7. Fourier series for even and odd functions Lang-Range series (B+U+I)

6: Laplace:

1. Properties of Laplace transformer (B)

2. Inverse Laplace transformer (B+I)

3. Application to the solution of differential equation (B+U+I)

4. Solution of initial value problem by the Laplace Transformer (B)

7: Basel’s functions (I+U)

8: Maximum and minimum of functions of two independent variables (U)

9: Taylor’s series of two variables (I)

10: Gradient (I+U)

11: Divergence and curt (I+U)

12: Vector differentiation and integration (U+I)

13: Graphical differentiation and integration (I)

14: probability and its theorems (U)

15: Means and standard deviation (U)

16: passion and normal distribution (U) +I

17: Sampling and random numbers (U)



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18: Interpolating techniques (U)

19: Correlations (U)

20: Boolean Algebra and related theorems binary Numbers (U)

21: Octal numbers hexadecimal numbers (U)

22: Conversation from one system to another mapping (U)

23: Boolean functions (U)

24: Introduction to digital computer setup Basic principles of computer

programming (U)

25: Programme structure and flow charts (U)

26: Introduction to Fortran language (U)

27: Methods of analysis of sampling elementary problems and preparation of

computer programmes (U)

References:

1. Advance Engineering Mathematics, by bEdwin Kreyszingand by C.R Whylic.

2 . Practical Mathematics, vol 1&2 by Taft and Mickey

3 . Advance Vector Analysis, by Weather-burn

Related books:

1. Calculus and Analytical geometry by Thomas, G.B and Finney



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UMAR SALEEM

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2. Peter Kuffiting, Technical Mathematics with Calculus

3. Engineering Mathematics by K.A Stored

4. Mathematical Methods by Dr. S. M. Yousaf and Dr. Abdul Majeed

5. Calculus and Analytical geometry by Dr. M.N.M. Talpur

6. An Introduction to Numerical Analysis by bDr. Muhammad Iqbal

7. Advance Engineering Mathematics, by bEdwin Kreyszing

8. . Advance Engineering Mathematics, by C.R. Whylic

9. Practical Mathematics, vol 1&2 by Taft and Mickey

10. Advance Vector Analysis, by Weather-burn

11. Calculus and Analytic Geometry

12. Theory and problems in statistics, by marry R. Spegal

13. A guide to Fortran IV programming, by Mc Kraken

14. Digital computer by Jonson



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UMAR SALEEM

13

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5: Digital Electronic

1: Switching devices:

1. Switches and relay

2. Logic gates

3. AND—OR-NOT gate circuit

4. NAND NOR Circuit Modular implementation of combinational logic circuits

5. K-amp & truth tables

6. Switching algebra

2: Different logic families:

1. TTL

2. ECL

3. NMOS

4. CMOS

3: Combinational logic circuit

1. Address/subtracts

2. Demultipleness

3. Encoders4. Decoders

5. ROMs

6. PLA

4: Components of sequential circuits:

1. Flip flops

2. Characteristics and transmission table for sequential circuit design

5: Introduction to digital system:



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1. Microprocessor

2. Micro-combination

Related books:

1. Digital design (second edition) by M.MORRIS MANO



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UMAR SALEEM

15

nee

6: Electrical Machines design and Equipment testing

Machines Design: Industrial standardization, national and international standards codes and

testing laboratories, manufacturing and operating system, design considerations for electrical

machines, properties and application of materials for magnetic machine

1. Insulation system and design considerations

2. Thermal time constant

3. Cooling system of transformer and rotating machines

4. Duty cycle

5. Rating and temperature rise

6. Mechanical design considerations

7. Specific loading and output equations of power transformer and induction motor

8. Design of transformer and induction motor

9. Introduction to computer aided design (CAD) and Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)

10. Installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of Machines

* Safety precautions, troubleshooting and emergency repairs

* Installation, commissioning, testing, maintenance and troubleshooting of

1. Power transformers

2. Induction motors

3. AC generators

4. D.C generator

Books Recommended:

1. Commissioning, operating and maintenance of Electrical Equipment By S. Rao, Khanna

publisher, india, Latest Edition

2. Alternating Current Machines by M.G. say, Lates



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UMAR SALEEM

16

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7: Design of Electrical Machines

1: Magnetic material

2. Insulating material

3. Conductors

4. Fundamentals of Design of Electrical Machines

Design of

1. Transformer

2. Motors

3. A.C generator

Related Books:

1. Deign of D.C Machines by Calyton

2. Performance and design of A.C Machines by M.G.Say



Prepare by

UMAR SALEEM

17

nee

8: Electrical Drives

1: Electric drives: Concept, Classification, Parts and advantage of Electrical drivers.

2: Dynamic of Electrical drives: Types of load, Components of load torques with rotation

and translation motion, Steady state stability, Transient stability, Multi quadrant operation of

drivers, Load Equalization.

3: Motor power rating: Thermal model of motor for heating and cooling, Classes of motor

duty, determination of motor rating for continuous, short time and intermittent duty, Equation

current, torque and power method for fluctuating and intermittent load.

4: Starting of Electric Drives: Effect of starting on power supply, motor and load, Method

of starting of electric motors, Acceleration time energy relation during starting, method of

reduced the energy loss during starting.

5: Breaking of Electric drives: Types of breaking, breaking of DC motor, Induction motor

and Synchronous motor, Energy loss during braking.

6: DC motor drives: Single phase, three phases fully controlled and half controlled rectifier

fed DC drivers, Dual converter control of DC drivers, Power factor, Supply harmonics and ripple

in motor current, Chopper control of DC drivers.

7: Induction motor drives: Stator voltage variation by three phase controllers, Speed

control using chopper resistance in the rotor circuit, Slip power recovery scheme, Pulse width

modulated inverter fed and current source inverter fed induction motor drive, Volt/Hertz

control, vector or field oriented control.

8: Synchronous motor drives: Variable frequency control, Self control, voltage source

inverted fed synchronous motor drive, vector control.

9: Introduction to solar and Battery powered Drives: Stepper motor, Switches

reluctance motor drive.

10: Industrial application: Drive consideration for textile mills, Steel rolling mills, Cement

mills, paper mills, Machines tools, Cranes& hoist drivers.

Books Recommended:

1. Fundamental of Electrical drives,G.K Dubey, New age international publication.



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2. Electrical drives, vedam subrahmanyam,TMH

3. A first course on Electrical drives, S.k. pillai, new age international publication.

Reference book:

1. Electric motor drives, R. Krishnan, pearson Education.

2. Modren Power Electronicand ac drivers, Bimal k Bose, PHI



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UMAR SALEEM

19

nee

9: Power Economic and Management

1: Introduction: basic concept, Principals of economics, Microeconomics theory, The

problems of Scarcity

2. Concept of engineering economy. Economic Environment: Consumer and

producer goods, goods and services, demand and supply concept.

3. Equilibrium, Elasticity of demand, elasticity of supply, measures of economic worth.

4: Price-supply-demand relationship

5. Theory of production, factors of production, law of returns, break-even chart and

relationships, perfect completion, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly,

fundamentals of marketing.

6: Elementary Financial Analysis: Basic accounting equation, Development and

interpretation of financial statement-income statement, balance sheet and cash flow, Working

capital management.

7: Break Even Analysis: Revenue/cost terminologies, behave of costs, determination of

costs/revenues, numerical and graphical presentations, Practical applications, BEA as a

management tool for achieving financial/operation efficiency.

8: Selection between Alternatives: Time value of memory and financial internal rate of

return, present value, future value and annuities. Cost benefit analysis: selection among

material, techniques, design etc, investment philosophy, investment alternatives having

identical lives, alternatives having different lives, make or buy decisions and replacement

decisions.

9: Value Analysis/Value Engineering: Value analysis procedures, value engineering

procedures, value analysis versus value engineering, advantages and applications in different

areas, value analysis in designing and purchasing.

10: Linear programming: Mathematical statement of linear programming problems,

graphic solution simplex procedure, duality problem.

11: Depreciation and Taxes: Depreciation concept, economic life, method of

depreciations, profit and returns on capital, productivity of capital gain (loss)on the disposal of

an asset, depreciation as a tax shield.



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UMAR SALEEM

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12: Business Organization: Type of ownership, single ownership, partnership, corporation,

type of stocks and joint stock companies banking and specialized credit institutions.

13: Capital financing & Allocation: Capital budgeting, allocation of capital among

independent project, financing with debt capital, financing with equality capital trading on

equity, financial leaveraging.

Books Recommended:

1. Engineering Economy by A. Tarquin, Latest Edition.

2. Engineering Economy by Degarmo, Latest Edition.

3. Economy by Samaulson, Latest Edition.



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UMAR SALEEM

21

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10: Power System Technology

1: Review of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults and sequence network

2: Power system stability

3: Factors in the stability problems

4: Application of criterion of stability power angle equation

5: Wing curves

6: Cower lines limits

7: Installation testing and maintenance

8: Specific study of national Grid installation

9: Testing and maintenance of low, Medium, and high voltage equipments

10: Wapda regulations commission of Electrical equipment

11: Transformer Oil testing and treatment field testing equipments

12: Installation of transmission lines field testing and maintenance of insulators

and transmission lines

13: Grounding system

Related books:

1. Elements of power system by steven Son

2. Generation Transmission and Utilization by A.T. Star

3. Power system by Gupta

4. Transmission and Distribution of Electrical energy by H. Coton



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UMAR SALEEM

22

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11: Feed back control system

1: Introduction to control system: Concept of feed back and automatic control, Effects of

feedback, objectives of control system, Definitation of linear and nonlinear system, Elementry

concepts of sensitivity and robustness.

2: Types of control systemt: Servomechanisms and regulators, example of feedback

control systems, Mathematical modeling of dynamic system, Electricl analag of spring-mass-

dashpot system.

3: Transfer function concept, poles and zero of a transfer function, Block diagram

representation of control system, Block diagram Algebra signal flow Graph. Mason’s gain

formula, Control systen component potentiometer, Synchros, Resolvers, position encoders, D.C

and A.C tacho genrators, actuators.

4. Block diagram level description of feedback control systems for position control, speed

control of d.c motors, temperature control, liquid control, voltage control of an alternator.

5: Time domain analysis: Time domain analysis of a standard second order closed loop

system. Concept of undamped natural frequency, damping, overshoot, rise time and setting

time, Depence of time domain performance parameters on natural frequency and damping

ratio, Step and impulse response of first and second order system, Effects of poles and zeroes

on transient response.

6: Stability of linear system by pole location. Routh-Hurwitz criteria.

7: Errors analysis: Steady state errors in control system due tostep, ramp and parabolic

input, Concept of system types and errors constants.

8: stability analysis: Root locus techniques, Construction of Root Loci for simple systems,

Effects of gain on the movement of poles and zeros.

9: Frequency domain analysis of linear systems: Bode plots, polar plots Nichols chart,

Concept of resonance frequency of peak magnification, Nyquist criteria, measure of relative

stability- phase and gain margins. Determining margins in Bode plots and Nichols chart, M-circle

and M-Contours in Nichols chart.

10: control system performance measures: Improvement of system performance

through compensation , Lead, Lag and leag-lag compensation, PI, PD and PID control.



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Text books:

1. Ogata, k: Modern control Engineering, 4e, pearson Education.

2. Nagrath I. J& Gopal, M: Control system Engineering, New age International

publication.

3. Roy Choudhary, D., Control system Engineering, PHI.

4. Kuo, B.C Automatic Control system, PHI

Refernce books:

1. Control system(TMH WBUT Series), purkait, Satpati, Mondal & Mallik, TMH

2. Bandoypadhyaya, Ccontrol Engineering theory and practice,PHI

3. Nise, Norman S, Control system Engineering, 3rd Edition, johan Wiley & Sons

4. Graham C Goodwin, Stefan F. Graebe, Mario E. Salgado, Control system Design, PHI

5. Macia & Thaler, & Modeling & Control of dynamic system. Thompson



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UMAR SALEEM

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12: Control Technology

1: Control system (General)

2: Open and closed controls

3: Principle of feed back system

4: Time and frequency domain analysis

5: Equation of physical system

6: Control system components

8: Angular position

9: Control servo mechanism

10 Study of feed back system for automatic control of physical quantity such as

voltage speed and mechanical position

11: Industrial application of servo mechanism

12: thermal Hydraulic

13: Mechanical/D.C Motors (Armature Controlled, field Controlled) stability

14: Lag and lead compensation

15: Stability criteria and realization



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UMAR SALEEM

25

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13: Power system operation and Control

1: Introduction to power system control and its importance,

Modes of power system operation, Major tasks of operation

2: SCADA system1: Control centers, Controller tuning, Communication sub

system, Remote terminal unit, data Logging

3: Economic dispatch, Characteristics of power generation units, Economic

dispatch problems with and with out consideration of losses, Incremental fuel

cost, Penalty factor, Economic power interchange, Voltage power and frequency

control

4: Evaluation of the effect of speed change on droop Characteristics

5: Monitoring and control of volume, flow and temperature, Vibration monitoring

and control , Weight, width and thickness control.

6. Automatic gauge control.

7. Combustion/burner management in boiler, furnaces etc.

8. Pneumatic electronic and PID Controllers, control Valves, advance control

techniques, microprocessor based implementation, PID tuning using Ziegler

Nichols method, time-delay system, decentralized control.

Related books:

1. Power generation. Operation and control by Woolen Barge, Latest Edition.

2. Power system control technology by Trosten Cegral, Latest Edition.

3. Instrumentation for Process measurement and control, Anderson, N. (LatestEdition)

4. Power system stability and Control, Kundur, Latest Edition.

5. Computer based industrial control, Kirshankant, prentice Hall, (LatestEdition)



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UMAR SALEEM

26

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14: Sub Station Technology

1: Electrical substation introduction:

1. Substation Layouts

2. Bus bar schemes

3. Types of substation and transformer substation

2: Substation Equipment:

1: Introduction

2. Electrical equipment in the Main Circuit

3. Bus bar

4. Circuit Breaker

5. Isolators and Earthing Switches

6. Current transformer and Voltage transformer

7. Rated characteristics of VT’s

8. Surges Arresters

2 Bus bar system and Layout:

1. Bus bar system 9Bus bar Lay out)

2. Single bus bar scheme

3. Single Sectionalized Bus bar

4. Double Bus bar scheme

5. Bus –coupler

6. Duplicate Bus Scheme with Double Circuit-Breaker

7. Breaker and half scheme (v/I Breaker Scheme)

3: Principle of Substation Design:



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1. Terms and Definitions

2. Developing a substation

4: Design of bus bar

1. Steps bin Bus bar Design

2. Current carrying capacity

3. Spacing of support insulators

4. Insulation requirement of bus bar

5: Substation Earthing System

1. Functiona requirement of Earthing system

2. Description of an Earthing system

3. Step potential and Touch potential

4. Neutral point Earthing

5. Equipment earthing

6. Substation Earthing grid

7. Dimensioning of Earth conductors

8. Earth mat

9. Soil resistivity

10. Value of Soil resistivity

11. Fencing

12. Procedure of laying Earthing-Mat

13. Measurement of Earthing Resistance

6: Auxiliary supplies and battery protection

7: Control and automation in Substations

8: control Room and control panels



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9: Protective Relaying in substation

10. Programmable Equipment for protective Relaying



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15: Communication System

1: Transmission Lines

2: Power lines Carrier

3: Telephony

1. Digital Base band/ pass band

2. Transmission

3. AWG and Intersymbol interference

4. matched filtering and pulse shaping

5. DPCM

6. Delta modulation

7. Digital modulation technique

8. PSK

9. FSK

10. QAM digital multiplexing

11. Clock synchronization

12. bit/byte interlearning

4: Satellite Communication System:

1. Introduction to Satellite system

2. Earth satellite station

5: Mobile communication system:

1. Concept of cellular phone

2. Various type of cell

3. System configuration



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UMAR SALEEM

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6. Microwave:

1. Introduction system configuration

7: Optical fiber Communication system: Characteristics, types, sources, detectors,

system configuration

Books Recommended:

1. Wyan tomasi, Electronic Communication.

2. Shlon, Digital Communication.



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UMAR SALEEM

31

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16: Power system Analysis

1. Branch and Node admittances; mutually coupled Branches in Y-bus; Equivalent

2. Admittance Network; Modification of Y-bus; Impedance matrix and Y-bus.

3. The method of successive elimination; Node Elimination (Kron reduction);

Triangular Factorization.

4. The impedance model and network calculations.

5. The bus admittance and impedance Matrices; Thevenin’s Theorem and Z-bus;

modification of an existing z-bus; direct determination of z-bus; Calculation of z-

bus elements from Y bus.

6. Power Invariant Transformation; mutually coupled branches in z bus.

7. Symmetrical faults, Transients in RL circuits; internal voltage of loaded

machines. Under fault conditions; fault calculation using z bus; Equivalent circuits;

selection of circuit breakers.

8. Synthesis of unsymmetrical phasors; symmetrical components of

unsymmetrical phasors.

9. Symmetrical Y and circuits; power in term of symmetrical components,

sequence of networks of Y and impedances, sequence of network of a

symmetrical transmission line, sequence of network of the synchronous

Machines, sequence network of Y- transformers, unsymmetrical services

impedances, sequence network of Y- transformers, unsymmetrical service

impedances, sequence network, positive, negative, and zero sequence networks.

Unsymmetrical fault of power system; single line to ground faults; line to line

faults, Double line to ground faults

10. Demonstration problems; open conductor faults. Load flow studies

11. Steadty state and transient stability & the swing equation.



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12. Application of swing curve & Solution of problems using digital computers,

stability of load, effects of mechanical and electrical time lag and delays,

electromechanical behavior of machines lines / bus bar / system equal criterion in

machine dynamics.

Books Recommended:

1. Elements of power system analysis, William B. S., McGraw Hill, (Latest Edition)

2. Electrical power systems, Weedy, B. M., pergamen, (Latest Edition)



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UMAR SALEEM

33

nee

17: Network Analysis

1. The RLC circuit: The source free parallel circuit, the over damped parallel RLC circuit,

Circuit damping, the under damped parallel RLC circuit, the source free RLC circuit.

2. Poly phase circuits: introduction poly phase system, single phase Three-wire system,

Three-phase Y-Y connection, The Delta connection, Power measurement in three phase

systems.

3. Magnetically Coupled Circuits: Introduction mutual inductance, Energy consideration,

the linear transformer, The ideal transformer.

4. complex frequency: Introduction complex frequency, The damped Sinusoidal forcing

function

5. Lap lace transform: Definition of lap lace transform, lap lace transform of the simple time

function, inverse transform techniques, Basic theorem for the lap lace transform, the initial

value and final value theorems.

6. Circuit analysis in the s-domain: introduction z(s) and Y (s), Nodal and mesh in the d-

domain, Poles, zero and transfer function, Convolution, Natural response in the s-plane.

7. Frequency response: Introduction parallel resonance, series resonance, scaling, Bode

plots, Filters.

8. Two part networks: introduction, one part network, admittance parameters, impedance

parameters, Hybrid parameters, Transmission parameters.

9. Fourier series: Trigonometric form of the Fourier series, Complex form of the Fourier

series.

10. Fourier transform: Definition of the Fourier Transform, properties of the Fourier

transform, Fourier transform pairs, the Fourier transform of a general periodic time function

Books Recommended:

1.Hughs, Electrical technology 2. Florried circuit analysis

3.W.Hayt Engg Circuit Analysisa.

4. Circuit anmalysis of Alxander



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UMAR SALEEM

34

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18: Computer system

1. Analogue Computer: 1. Electrical computation passive and active devices

operational amplifier, Integrator, Differentiation, function generator, multipliers,

time and amplitude scaling, A/D conversion (Block diagram)

2. Digital computer: Computer elements, numbering system, Boolean algebra,

digital circuit gate logic, Multi vibrator, Schmitt trigger, special purpose amplifier,

ferromagnetic core, digital voltmeter, computer.

3. Computer unit: Binary counters, and decoders, storage and shift registers,

diode and transistor metric adders and sub tractors, computer control and date

flow, the arithmetic unit computer memory system, input and out put equipment,

programming.

Books Recommended:

1. Analogue computer technique by Atkinson

2. Introduction to switching theiry by Givone



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UMAR SALEEM

35

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19: Data and Computer

1. Advantage of network

2.network Topologies

3. Data flow and physical circuits

4. Reference model

5. Telephone system

6. Narrow and Broadband ISDN

7. ATM

8. Wireless transmission

9. Cellular radio communication statellites

10. Local area network (Lan)

11. Wide area network (WAN)

12. Data link layer

13. Design issues

14. Errors detection and correction

14. Sliding window protocols

15. MAC protocols IEEE 802.3 for LAN and MANs

16. Fast Ethernet

17. The network layer

18. Routing

19. Congestion control

20. Internetworking



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21. The network layer in the internet

22. Transport layer

23. TCP and VDP

24. The application layer

25. Network security

26. Domain Name system (DNS)

27. I.P. Electronic Mail

28. World wide web (WWW)

29. Multimedia

Books Recommended:

1. UYLESS BLACK, ‘’Computer Networks”, Bell Atlantic Education Servuce, 2nd ED.

2.Douglas E. Comer, “Computer Network and Internet”, printice Hall, 2nd Ed. 200

3. Behroz feroza,m “Data and Computer communication”

4. Stallings William, Data and Computer communications



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UMAR SALEEM

37

nee

20: Switching and Logic Circuits

1. Boolean Algebra

2.Veain diagram truth tables and K-amp interpretation and gate or, gate nor

3. Gate logical circuits and applied to various controls and elementary treatment

of following topics-

1. Semi conductors theory, doping donors, Accepters P&N materials equivalent

circuits, Zenor and tunnel diode, FET Transistors

2. Time, voltage, and lighting sensors, Sensing relays, Application of transistor to

switching.

3. SCR, Triacs, SCR circuits SCR with R and L loads PNPN Thyristors, SCS Schocklly

diodes

4. Transistors amplifiers, Closed A.B.C Operation bias and stability coupling

constant current source, Impedance matching

5. Binary numbers, binary counting, binary decoding

6. Solid state switching, common gates and their constructions.

7. Integrated circuits

8. Boolean algebra +ve,-ve logic system addition multiplication, Demorgon,

supplication of Boolean theories

9. T Flip RS flip JK flip flop, Schmitt triggers, Astable multi vibrator Monostable

multi vibrator



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UMAR SALEEM

38

nee

21: Applied Physics

1. HEAT: Laws of thermodynamics, Heat engines, Reversible engines , Internal

combustion engines and Gas turbines, Entropy of gases(Regress treatment)Earth,

solar, Tidal and wind energy, Modern theory of radiation, Plank’s law,

Thermodynamics scale of temperature, low temperature physics and absolute

zero, various temperature devices and peizometer. Heat insulation materials and

their users in building, Specific heat of solid state theory, Therm elasticity.

2. OPTICS: Spherical and parabolic mirrors, their focal length and application in

contraction of powerful telescopes, compound lenses aberrations, Remedies,

Resolving power of optical instruments, sextant spectrometer, diffraction grating

law of illumination and photometry, deception diffraction, Masers malasessers

and their uses, theories of lights, their verification and importance Michel son

experience, and its importance, use Doppler effect to measure distance of

galaxies from earth.

MODERN PHYSICS: System of absolute C.G.S. absolute B.S units, relation between

electrical and mechanical units, M.K.S system absolute and rationales dimension

of electrical quantities, physical properties of electrons, motion of charged

particles in electrostatic and magnetic fields, electron spin space quantization

effect, pual’s exclusion principles and its application, partial lenses, electron

optics, electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses, electron microscope with forcing

and defection system, principles of diodes, triode, cathode ray tubes and uses of

photo electricity, photo multiplier tubes and some of its uses, press’s electron

theory of metals, bank theory of solid conductors, insulators, semiconductors,

electronics structure concept of quanta, wave nature of electron and quantum,

new elementary quantum machines, De-pregile practical applications concept of

finical size of atomic devices atomic radiation and their effect on structure criteria

of design of such structure, sub atomic particle and their properties.

NEUTRON PHYSICS: Nuclear reaction, various type of atomic reactors in use

particularly reprocessing plant and breeder reactors, peaceful use of atomic

energy radio isotopes and their uses in medicines and agriculture , production and



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properties of X-Ray, Scattering diffractions and polarization, practical application

in industry, medicine etc. Components effects Magnetic material B.H curves,

HYSTERSIS, principles of AC/DC generator and motors, Einstein’s special theory of

relativity (1) mass energy relation and its importance (2) time relation equation

and explanation of Mehraj Rasul with its help.

Books Recommended:

1. Text book of heat (physics) by Rajam

2. Principles of sound by Harnam singh

3. Text book of light by G.N.r Nackes



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UMAR SALEEM

40

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22: Engineering Material

FERROUS METALS: The general class of ferrous metals physical property and

characteristics such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, model of

electricity, variation of temperature for various steels, inspection of ferrous

metals such as radio graph magnetic particle inspection suspension of steel and

electro cast iron

1; white and chilled cash iron

2; malleable cast iron

3; grey cast iron

4; high alloy cast iron

INTRODUCTION OF CAST IRON CASTING: Tolerance of cast iron castings whit cast

iron and chilled iron casting and mechanical properties and uses malleable, iron

casting classification, production properties and application gray cast iron physical

mechanical properties insulated gray cast iron moulder cast iron, heat treated

cast iron and alley cast iron.

CAST STEELS: Classification manufactures of steel casting size tolerance for steel

casting plane carbon steel casting low alloy cast steel mechanical properties and

application of steel casting corrosion resistance castings mechanical and physical

properties.

COMMERCIAL PURE IRON (GUTTURAL): Available forms mechanical properties,

physical properties and applications, Rough alloy steels and high strength

compensation and mechanical properties and influence of alloying elements such

as phosphors, copper, silicon, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum medium alloy

steel function of alloying elements such a aluminum, chromium, cobalt,

manganese, molyibdum nickel, phosphers, silicone, bearing steel boron steels,

requirements of steel of high temperature, applications specification and

properties of stainless and resisting steels, mechanical compositions, typical uses,

mechanical properties and mechanical treatment of stainless steel, clad steel,



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UMAR SALEEM

41

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mechanical properties fabrication and application of super alloy, general features

and applications.

NON FERROUS METALS: Aluminimum properties grades of aluminum standard

alloy of aluminum, Al-powder Al foil properties of alloy, copper types and forms

properties such as tensile strength properties in fatigue sheers strength nodules

of elasticity, Hardness ductility, Density, Toughness, Thermal expansion, Thermal

conductivity elasticity, conductivity, alloy of copper special purpose metal alloy

iron and silicon steel and magnetic application permanents materials, Commercial

electrical conduction material major factors influence in source voltage and

current and other factors, thermostatic bi-metals there fundamentals properties

and uses, bearing materials properties, importance bearing bronzes copper lead

heat each bearing, tin base and lead base, silver steel ball bearing Al bearing,

Laminated plastic bearing, graphite bearing rubber bearing, fraction materials for

brakes and clutches, asbestos base type of bread lining powder metal, friction

elements

B) WOOD MATERIALS: Impairing comperfing stay pack, taper fiber building

boards, insulation type general characteristics.

C) FIBER: Classification, natural regenerated and synthetic properties physical,

engineering extensibility Sniffiness, thoroughness, elastic, recovery, thermal

property and resistance to moisture, inset attach weathering electoral property

and industrial application.

D) PLASTIC AND RUBBERS: Classification types general properties thermal

properties, electrical properties and mechanical properties of plastic thermo-

plastic, materials, two group from cellulose and by poly merazine authentic

monomers, Rubber definition and types natural synthetic such as tensile hardness

tear resistance abrasion, creep aging of iron and solvent resistance and electrical

properties resistance abrasion creep aging of iron and solvent resistance and

electrical properties.

E) PAPERS: Classification cellos pulp wood pulp wood pulp red pulp reclaimed

paper puopt just, straw bagasses and cotton inters. Cellulose paper in electrical



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42

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industry cable industry insulator insulation paper bussing paper opal binding

paper raisin board hard or vulcanized paper opal binding paper raisin board or

vulcanized paper electrical properties physical and chemical properties and

stability, properties application of a paper and board physical requirements

moisture and gas resistance requirements corrosion properties mould bacterial

resistance flame resistance paper specially for industrial application organic paper

as bates papers products glass fiber papers silk and ceramic fiber paper and mica

papers classification thermoplastic or non convertible coatings convertible

seating, thermosetting film forming materials dryer pigments general cescription.

F) FUELS: Available types of commercial fuels and solid liquid and gad fuels

petroleum fuel properties viscosity flash point kerosene. Motor fuels, diesel fuels,

gaseous fuels classification their constituents, properties combustion.

G) CERAMIC MATERIALS: Properties i.e.s Density porosity, hardness, abrasion,

resistance chemical dielectric, loss tractors, volume unspecific resistivity. Glass:

general types properties and gass product used in building and other insulating

equipment, committing materials and concrete.

Books Recommended:

1. Process and physical Matallurgy by Garsid

2. Chemical process industry by Noise SH Revi



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UMAR SALEEM

43

nee

23: Total quality management

1. Introduction to Quality: Quality concept, types and aspects, significance of quality.

2. Commitment and Leader ship: Commitment and policy, Creating or changing the

culture, effective leadership.

3. Quality for planning: Flow charting, process charting, purchase planning, planning for JIT.

4. Design for quality: Innovation, Quality function Deployment and the house of quality.

5. Quality related costs: Prevention, Appraisal, and failure costs, Models for quality costing.

6. Quality measurement: Significance, methods

7. Tools and techniques for quality Improvement: Basic tools, Advance tools.

8. Quality management system (ISO 9000 series): Significance, documentation,

Implementation and certification, Audits, Expected problems.

9. Environmental management system (ISO 14000series): Significance,

documentation, Implementation and certification, Audits, Expected problems.

Books Recommended:

1. Oakland J.S.TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMNT, Bulterworth Heinemann Ltd. UK.

2. ISO 9000 series of standard

3. ISO 14000 series of standard

4. Feigenbsum, TOTAL QUALITYCONTROL. McGraw Hill Book Co.USA.

5. Gillow H.S and Gilow S.J TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN ACTION prentice Hall UK.

6. Musa, ISO 9000, Ibrahim publishers, Lahore.

7. Kuhre W.L.A PACITCAL GUIDE FOR OBTAINING ISO 1400/CERTIFICATION. Prentice Hall UK.



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44

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24: Industrial management

1. Introduction to management: Science of Art, History of management,

Management functions,

2. Organizational structure: Types of organizations, Organizational Hierarchy,

Properties of Narrow and wide organizations

3. Production process: Types of production, Scale of production, Selection of

technology, Input requirement, Capacity Utilization

4. Productivity: basic concepts, Classification, Quantitative measurement,

Productivity Improvement.

5. Project management: Properties of projects, project life cycle, project net work

analysis, Resource requirements, Monitoring and control, Use of computer.

6. Inventory management: Inventory replenishment, Economic lot size, Re-order

point, safety stock level, JIT, Use of computer.

7. Human Resource Management: Management style, psychological types,

recruitment and training, job evaluation, performance Appraisal, Motivation and

incentives.

Books Recommended:

1. Babcock D.L MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, prentice Hall,

UK

2. Zuberi M.H INDUSTRUAL MANAGEMENT, Rabbani printing press, Lahore.

3. Bateman T. S. and Snell S. A MANAGEMENT: BUILDING COMPETITIVE

ADVANTAGE. Times Mirrors Higher Education Group, USA.

4. Spinner M. ELEMENTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT. Prentice Hall UK.



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45

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25: Electrical measurement and measuring instrument

1. Calibration of instruments errors and their compensation

2. Theory of electrostatic instruments

3. Electronics methods of voltage and current measurements

4. Thermocouple instruments

5. Millimeter and V.T.V.M digital meters

6. High frequency testing methods

7. Bridges and null network for R L C measurements

8. Measurements of natural inductance and small capacitance

9. Measurement of frequency and phase measurement of insulation resistance

and earth resistance of install ions including high voltage machines and earth

resistance

10. Measurements of conductivity of metals heat conductivity

11. Temperature rise and dielectric constant of insulators

Books Recommended:

1. Electrical instruments and measurements by Golding

2. Electrical measurements by C T Baldwin

3. Instruments & measurements for Electronics by Herrick



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UMAR SALEEM

46

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26: Electrical power generation transmission and distribution

1. Energy sources (conventional solar energy, solar batteries, gas, thermal energy

fission, Hydrogen fusion sources)

2. Conventional power plants

3. Power generation control used at central station in Multan, Faisalabad, Mangla,

Tarbella prime mover power control study and specific installation mentioned

above.

4. Emphasis to be made on the study of complete system.

5. Nuclear plant: Review of nuclear power plant theory, classification of reactors,

power reactor central station power reactors, fuels, processing and re-processing

of fuels, fuel insertion and machines used fuel safety in the reactor and during

storage before and after use, reactor radiation shielding radiation units, shielding

of Gamma rays and neutrons, introduction to shield material construction,

radiation damages, problems regarding safety of personal and disposal of Radio

active waste, Reactor control parameters, sensing devices, amplifiers and method

of control.

4. Load be fore casting

5. Generator scheduling economic operation frequency control and load

dispatching voltage control

6. VAR vcompensation by the series and shunt elements scheduling assessment

integral control using automatic devices.

Books Recommended:

1. Elements of power system analysis by Steven son.

2. Elements of power station design by M. V. Desh pande.

3. Nuclear power plants by Dr. S. M. Bhutta



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47

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27: Electrical Magnetic Field

1. Review of vector analysis

2. Contesian

3. Cylindrical and spherical coordinate system

4. Gradient

5. Divergence and Curl Static Electric fields

6. Coulomb’s law

7. Gauss’s Law

8. Electric flux density and electric potential

9. Capacitance

10. Electrostatic energy and force

11. Static magnetic field

12. Biot-Savart law

13. Ampere circuital law inductance

14. Magnetic energy and force

15. Maxwell’s Equations

16. Boundary conditions.

Books Recommended:

1. B. Bolton Electro Magnitesion

2. W. Hayt. Electromagnetic fields.

end



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UMAR SALEEM

48

nee

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