M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGYM.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGYM.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGYM.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)
(w.e.f. JUNE
DEPARTMENT OF SAURASHTRA
RAJKOT
SYLLABUS
of
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGYM.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGYM.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGYM.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY (SUMMARY)
BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)
(w.e.f. JUNE – 2010)
Re-Accredited Grade 'B' by NAAC (CGPA 2.93)
DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCESSAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
RAJKOT – 360 005
BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)
BIOSCIENCES
SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
(BIOTECHNOLOGY)
NAME OF THE DEGREE
Master of Science in Biotechnology: M.Sc. (Biotechnology)
AIMS OF THE PROGRAM
The M.Sc. (Biotechnology) program in Biotechnology aims at training students in the areas of modern Biotechnology. This program offer specialized curriculum in various modules of Biotechnology such as Bioprocess Technology, Molecular Biotechnology, Food and Industrial Microbiology and Plant and Animal Biotechnology. The graduates are expected to carry out both basic and applied research in the areas of Biotechnology having academic and/or industrial relevance. The students would also be trained to assist industry in developing and/or solving problems of Biotechnology. In addition, the program also aims at generating manpower capable of teaching Biotechnology at postgraduate and undergraduate level.
The above objectives assume significance in the light of the fact the vast Saurashtra region of Gujarat, has no such program at Master’s level to train and develop manpower in the ever-expanding demand of Biotechnologists in India.
R. M.Sc.1:
DURATION OF STUDY: The duration of the study for M.Sc. Biotechnology will be of four semesters spread over two years.
Program starting Date • First Semester: June, • Second Semester: November, • Third Semester: June,
• Fourth Semester: November R. M.Sc.2:
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS: To be eligible for the admission in the M.Sc. program, students must have a Bachelor Degree in Biotechnology with at least 55 %. But if the entrance examination is introduced for admission, the candidates with B.Sc. in other disciplines of the biological sciences can also be considered eligible for admission.
R. M.Sc.3: TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS: Every year 20 students will be given admission as per rules prescribed by the University. The number may vary as per University norms and conditions.
R. M.Sc.4: FEES STRUCTURE: There will be semester wise fees structure. Students who are getting admission in M.Sc. Biotechnology will have to pay fees per semester. The University as per existing norms and regulations would finally decide the fees amount per semester.
R. M.Sc.5: ELIGIBILTY FOR FACULTY:
• Candidates interested for the post of reader/ lecturer in M.Sc. Biotechnology programme should have M.Sc. in Biotechnology/Microbiology/ Biochemistry/life sciences.
• Candidates should be Ph. D in Biotechnology/Microbiology/Biochemistry • Preference would be given to those candidates having teaching and/or research experience in the field of
Molecular Biology and /or Recombinant DNA technology evident by publication work. • All other conditions and criteria’s regarding the recruitment of the faculty would be as per UGC and
University rules
R. M.Sc. 6: SEMESTERWISE DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS: * 70 Theory + 30 Internal (10+10+10) SEMESTER-I: 4 Papers (100 Marks each* ) : 400 1 Combined Practical : 200 600 Marks SEMESTER-II: 4 Papers (100 Marks each* ) : 400 1 Combined Practical : 200 600 Marks SEMESTER-III: 3 Papers (100 Marks each* ) : 300 1 Combined Practical : 150 500 Marks Seminars : 50 SEMESTER-IV: 3 Papers (100 Marks each* ) : 300 1 Combined Practical : 150 450 Tour / Field Work : 50 M.Sc. Dissertation : 200 250 (450 + 250 = 700 Marks) ──────────────────────────────────────────────── Grand Total : 2400 EDUCATIONAL/INDUSTRIAL TOUR IN THE FOURTH SEMESTER: It will be compulsory for all the students in the fourth semester to visit the institutions having advanced molecular biology facilities such as automated DNA sequencing, fully automated genomic and proteomics laboratory. It is compulsory to submit tour report of visit of industries or educational institution for all the students: 50 Marks Total marks in entire program: 2400
R. M.Sc. 7: EVALUATION OF COURSES The theory courses will be having a weightage of 100 marks each. Out of this 100 marks, 30 marks are in the form of Internal Examinations (I Internal – 10 marks, II – Internal – 10 Marks and General Impression – 10 marks: Total = 30 marks). The written Semester end examination for a paper will be of 70 marks. The question paper will be of 70 Marks, to be completed within 3 hrs. The question papers will be of 5 questions. For multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary courses and elective courses, first four questions will be from the four units and will be having 15 marks each. However, the question 5 will be having 10 marks and will cover all four units. 100% option will be available in all 5 questions. For core courses, however, there will be five questions of 14 marks each, one question from each unit.
R. M.Sc.8: Candidates for the examination for the degree of Master of Science must have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Science of this University or a Degree recognized as equivalent there to, at least with second class.
R. M.Sc.9: To pass the whole M. Sc. Examination, student should clear all four semesters’ examinations within a period of four years, from the date of his admission.
R. M.Sc. 10: Subject to the provisions laid down in Ordinance M. Sc 2, a candidate who has passed the M. Sc. semester I & II of this University and if there is a break in the studies for any reason and if there is a change in the courses from semester system to annual part examination system, the candidate will be admitted to M. Sc. Part II and the marks obtained by the candidate in his previous examination of this university in M Sc. semester and II will be carried forward and the result of the M. Sc. R. M.Sc.11: To pass the M. Sc. degree examination a candidate shall be required to obtain, separately not less than 40% of the total marks obtainable, in (a) each paper, and (b) practicals if any and (c) viva-voce examination, if any Classes shall be awarded at the M Sc degree in the manner specified here in below, namely.
• Successful candidate who obtains not less than 70 percent of the total marks obtainable in the aggregate of the semester I,II, III and IV examinations shall be placed in the First class with distinction.
• A successful candidate who obtains less than 70 percent but not less than 60 percent of the total marks obtainable in the aggregate of the semester I,II, III and IV examinations shall be placed in the first class.
• A successful candidate who obtains less than 60 percent but not less than 48 percent of the total marks obtainable in the aggregate of the semester I,II, III and IV examinations shall be placed in the second class.
R. M.Sc.12:
• There should be 2 readers, one each of Biotechnology (Microbial, agricultural, animal or industrial) and two lecturers, and one each for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology should be recruited for smooth running of this program.
Note: The syllabus should be upgrade after every two years so that the theory contents and laboratory exercises can be upgraded according to the new developments in the various areas of Biotechnology.
M.Sc. Biotechnology Syllabus Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
(Total 96 credits)
Course Paper Name Hour/ Week Credits M.Sc. Biotechnology SEMESTER – I
BT – 101 Microbiology (Core) 04 04 BT – 102 Enzyme Technology (Core) 04 04 BT – 103 Molecular Biology (Core) 04 04 BT – 104 Biochemistry** (Multidisciplinary/ Interdisciplinary) 04 04 BT – 105 Combined Practical 14 07 BT – 106 Seminar / Tutorial Course* - 1 02 01 Total 24
M.Sc. Biotechnology SEMESTER – II BT – 207 Molecular Cell Biology (Core) 04 04 BT – 208 Immunology (Core) 04 04 BT – 209 Molecular Biotechnology – I (Core) 04 04 BT – 210 Biostatistics and Analytical techniques** (Multidisciplinary/ Interdisciplinary) 04 04 BT – 211 Combined Practical 14 07 BT – 212 Seminar / Tutorial Course* - 2 02 01 Total 24
M.Sc. Biotechnology SEMESTER – III BT – 313 Fermentation Technology (Core) 04 04 BT – 314 Bioinformatics (Core) 04 04
Elective Course** (any one of the following) 04 04 BT – 315 Environment Biotechnology – I (Elective-1) BT – 316 Cell culture (Elective-2) BT – 317 Food Biotechnology (Elective-3)
BT – 318 Combined Practical 08 04 BT – 426 Dissertation/ Project* 09 06 Total 22
M.Sc. Biotechnology SEMESTER – IV BT – 419 Molecular Phylogeny and Extremophiles (Core) 04 04 BT – 420 Molecular Biotechnology- II (Core) 04 04 Elective Course** (any one of the following) 04 04
BT – 421 Socio Economic Aspects & IPR (Elective-1) BT – 422 Environment Biotechnology – II (Elective-2) BT – 423 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Elective-3) BT – 424 Agriculture Biotechnology (Elective-4)
BT – 425 Combined Practical 08 04 BT – 426 Dissertation/ Project* 09 06 BT – 427 Educational Tour/ Field work* 00 04 Total 26 GRAND TOTAL 144 96 * (a) Dissertation / Project Course commences in III Semester but evaluated and Grade Points are to be added in 4th Semester. (b) Educational Tours / Field Works Course may be carried out in any Semester or all Semesters, but evaluated and Grade Points are to be added in the 4th Semester only. (c) Seminar / Tutorial Course may be carried out in first two Semesters but will be evaluated and Grade Points are to be added in the 3rd Semester only. DISSERTATION (Elective): Any one subject is to be chosen from the following (Subjects offered may change from time to time depending on the availability of expertise): ** Elective and Multidisciplinary / Interdisciplinary courses may or may not have practical and/or field work.
M.Sc. Biotechnology – Semester-I (Syllabus Module prepared for CBCS)
COURSE BT – 101: MICROBIOLOGY [CORE]
UNIT-1: Methods in Microbiology � Sterilization Methods, Pure culture technique, Enrichment techniques � Preservation & Maintenance of culture � Staining & fixation, Bacterial morphology � Growth curve of bacteria, Measurement of microbial growth, The influence of environmental
factors in growth ,Synchronous growth, Continuous growth � Sporulation, Spore germination � Common Nutrient Requirements, Types of media for growth of microorganisms.
UNIT-2: Medical Microbiology and epidemiology
���� Pathogenicity and virulence. ���� Virulence factors of microorganism. ���� Epidemiology
UNIT-3: Bacterial Genetics
� Recombination of bacterial genes, gene targeting � Gene transfer method- Transformation, Conjugation & Transduction � Mutation:- Types , causes & effects of mutation
UNIT-4: Viruses & Prions
� General Characteristics of viruses � Viruses of Bacteria Lytic & Lysogeny cycle (General features, RNA & DNA viruses) � Viruses of Plants:- Different types of plant, viruses , mechanism of infection � Animal viruses:- General features of retroviruses, overview of Animal viruses, HIV and AIDS � Prions & Molecular basis of their pathogenecity
UNIT-5: Antimicrobial agents
� Types of antimicrobial agents � Classes of antibiotics (β-lactams, tetracyclins, aminoglycosides, macrolids, Polypeptides
antibiotics & their mode of action) � Antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoan antibiotics � Development of resistance to antibiotics � Microbial spoilage and its impact.
COURSE BT – 102: ENZYME TECHNOLOGY [CORE]
UNIT-1: Enzyme – General Account
���� Classification of enzymes and enzyme kinetics of single substrate and two substrate
catalyzed reactions
���� Factors affecting rate of enzymatic reactions: temperature pH modulators etc and
significance of activation energy and free energy in biochemical reactions.
UNIT-2: Enzyme Cofactors and Mechanism of Enzyme Catalysis
� Structure and biological function of a variety of enzyme cofactors. Enzyme substrate
complex concept of ES complex binding sites, active site and type of enzyme
specificities.
� Acid Base catalysis, Orientation and Proximity, Covalent Catalysis (Electrophilic and
Nucleophilic), Strain and Distortion
UNIT-3: Regulation of Enzyme activity
� Covalent Modification & Allosteric Regulation.
� Isozymes and Abzymes
� Asymmetric catalysis through enzymes.
UNIT-4: Enzyme immobilization and Biotransformation
� Methods and principles, Supporting matrix, advantages, and reactor-design for
immobilization of enzymes.
� Biotransformation through enzymes and Microbes
� Non-aqueous enzyme technology
UNIT-5: Enzyme technology for industrial application
� Applications of enzyme technology in environment
� Medical,
� Agricultural,
� Industrial benefits
COURSE BT – 103: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY [CORE]
UNIT-1: Organization of genetic materials
� Various models to explain the structure of the nucleus and chromosomes, Special type of
chromosomes: lamp brush, salivary and B chromosomes.
� Packaging of DNA as nucleosomes in eukaryotes, Chromosomal DNA contents and C-
value paradox.
� Structural changes in the chromosomes
� Multigene families in eukaryotes
� Genomic organization in prokaryotes and Archaebacteria
UNIT-2: DNA replication and repair
� Enzymes & accessory proteins involved in DNA replication
� Replication process in prokaryotic & Eukaryotic DNA
� Regulations of Eukaryotic replication
� DNA Repair:- Types of DNA Repair, Mechanism of DNA Repair
UNIT-3: Transcription
� Importance of DNA binding Proteins, RNA polymerase
� Mechanism of Transcription in prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
� Processing of RNA:- m-RNA processing, 5’ capping, 3’ polyadenylation, splicing
� r-RNA & t- RNA processing
UNIT-4: Translation
� The translation machinery, role of t RNA & ribosome
� Mechanism, of translation
� Post translational modification of proteins such as phosphorylation, adenylation, acylation and
glycosylation
UNIT-5: Regulation & gene expression in Prokaryotes & eukaryotes
� Operon concept (Lac operon, trp operon, his operon and arabinose operon), Structural basis of
DNA-Protein interaction
� Attenuation & termination
� Gene silencing:- DNA methylation,
� Chromatin modification & gene expression. Histone acetylation & deacetylation
� Environmental regulation of gene expression
COURSE BT – 104: BIOCHEMISTRY [MULTI/ INTER]
UNIT-1: Carbohydrates and Lipids
� CARBOHYDRATES: Classification, functions, Monosaccharide, Fischer projection
formula, hemiketal and hemiacetal formation, furanoses, pyranoses, anomers, epimers,
disaccharides-sucrose, lactose, maltose; polysaccharide (homo and
heteropolysaccharides), peptidoglycans, glycoproteins, proteoglycans
� LIPIDS: Definition, classification & functions of Lipids. Saturated & unsaturated fatty
acids, Essential Fatty acids, Prostagladins Fat:-Hydrolysis, Saponification Value,
Rancidity of fat, Biological significance Properties & function of Glycerides,
Phospholipids, sphingolipids & glycolipids
UNIT-2: Proteins
� Structure of all 20 amino acids, Essential & Non essential amino acids
� Classification of Proteins based on Function & Solubility
� Primary, Secondary, tertiary & Quaternary structure of proteins, Ramchandran Plot
� Structure and Function of Fibrous proteins (Keratin, Collagen & Elastin), Globular proteins
(Hemoglobins , Myoglobins), Lipoprotein, Metalloproteins & nucleoproteins
UNIT-3: Nucleic acids
� Structure of DNA & RNA, Different Conformations of DNA
� Denaturation & annealing of DNA Physical properties of DNA such as bending, super coiling
and sequence dependent changes in DNA melting, renaturation properties
� Structure & different types of RNA
� Structure of genomic and organellar DNA in eukaryotes
UNIT-4: Photosynthesis & Nitrogen fixation
� Photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic electron transport and respiratory electron
transport and their coupling with energetic.
� Biological nitrogen fixation, Biofertilizers, symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Mechanism of protection of nitrogenase from molecular oxygen. Nitrate assimilation
M.Sc. Biotechnology – Semester-II (Syllabus Module prepared for CBCS)
COURSE BT – 206: MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY [CORE]
UNIT-1: Cell cycle & Cell signaling
� Overview of cell cycle & It’s control � Components of Cell Cycle control systems � Role of Protein kinase in cell cycle � Check points in Cell Cycle regulation � Molecular basis of signal transduction � Signaling through G-Proteins linked cell surface receptors, Signaling through Enzyme linked
cell surface receptors UNIT-2: Apoptosis
� Phenomena of apoptosis, � Factors regulating apoptotic death in normal cells and tumorous cells � Necrosis
UNIT-3: Cytoskeleton
� Microtubules, cilia, flagella & centrioles, roles of microtubule dynamics in cell division � Microfilaments & cell motility � Intermediate filaments � Actin & Myosin, Functional role of actins filaments and motor proteins. � The cytoskeleton & cell behaviour
UNIT-4: Developmental Biology and Cell Differentiation
� Establishing multicellularity, formation of blastula, embryonic germ layer, tracking of migrating cells
� Aggregation behavior in embryonic cells and possible understanding in the positional information in developing organs.
� Events during fertilization, post fertilization, early embryonic development and in-vitro fertilization.
� Roles of different proteins in fertilization UNIT-5: Molecular Biology of Cancer
� Characteristics of cancer cells � The genetic basis of cancer, Proto-oncogenes & its regulation � Oncogenes & cancer, Viral oncogenes (Viruses & Cancer) � Techniques used in cancer research (From genomics to proteomics) � Cancer treatment present & future � Regulation of gene expression and signal translocation on cancerous cells vs. Normal cells
COURSE BT – 207: IMMUNOLOGY [CORE]
UNIT-1: Molecular cells & organs of Immune system
� Historical perspective, Innate Immunity:- Skin, Mucosal Surface, Physiological barrier,
Inflammation, Adaptive Immunity
� Molecules of innate & Acquired immune system:- Complement, Interferon, other molecules
� Cells of Innate & Acquired Immune system
� Organs of the immune system:- Primary Lymphoid organs, Secondary Lymphoid organs,
Lymphatic etc.
UNIT-2: Antigens, Antibody & Ag-Ab Interaction
� Antigens: - Immunogenicity vs Antigenicity, Factors influencing Immunogenicity, Adjuvant,
Epitopes & Haptens, super antigens, auto antigens
� Antibody:- Structure, classes & functions, Allotypes & Idiotypes
� Basic principles of Antigen-Antibody Interaction
� Immunological techniques: Principles & Applications: Precipitation & agglutination, Radio
Immunoassay, Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay etc.
UNIT-3: Mechanism of Immune response
� Generation of Immunological diversity
� Antigen recognition
� Lymphocyte development &activation
� Lymphocyte interaction, cytokines & lymphoid system
UNIT-4: MHC & Transplantation Immunology
� MHC:- General organization, MHC molecules & genes
� Cell recognition of self & nonself
� MHC restriction
� Tolerance:- Central Peripheral & acquired tolerance
� HLA typing methods using serological and molecular techniques.
UNIT-5: The Immune system in Health & Disease
� AIDS & other Immunodeficiencies
� Autoimmunity & autoimmune diseases
� Hypersensitivity
� Vaccines:- Principle & types of vaccines, Recent advances in vaccination
� Monoclonal & Recombinant antibodies
COURSE BT – 208: MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY–I [CORE]
UNIT-1: Molecular Tools used in Genetic Engineering
� Restriction Endonuclease and Restriction mapping
� DNA modifying enzymes:- Nuclease, Polymerase, Enzymes that modify the ends of
DNA molecules, DNA ligase- joining DNA Molecules
� Adaptors, Linkers, Homopolymer tailing
UNIT-2: Gene cloning vectors
� Plasmids, Cosmids, Bacteriophage
� Phagemids, BAC,YAC
� Shuttle vector, Expression Vector & other Advanced vectors
UNIT-3: Cloning Strategies
� Genomic libraries, Preparation of DNA fragments for cloning
� Positional cloning, chromosome walking, Jumping.
� C-DNA Synthesis & cloning
� In-vitro phage packaging
� Probe preparation (Radiolabelled & non-radiolabelled)
UNIT-4: Selection, Screening & analysis of recombinant
� Genetic selection of screening methods:- Use of chromatographic substrate, Insertional
inactivation, Complementation of defined mutation
� Methods based on nucleic acid homology (Southern, Northern, Western Blotting, Subtractive,
colony & plaque hybridization, chromosomal walk
� In-situ chromosomal hybridization
� Immunological screening for expressed genome
� Microarray Technique
UNIT-5: Advanced Techniques.
� Nucleic acid Synthesis & Sequencing, Chemical & automated method
� Methods of gene regulation in Eukaryotes (Antisense RNA, PNA & RNAi)
� Polymerase Chain Reaction
� DNA markers:- RFLP, micro-minisatellites, SNPs, RAPDs,AFLP, Linkage analysis, genotyping
& DNA fingerprinting
� Applications of genetic engineering
COURSE BT–209: BIOSTATISTICS & ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE S [MULTI/INTER]
UNIT-1: Biostatistical Concepts � Scope of Biostatistics, Samples & population & Sampling techniques, Kinds of variable,
Graphical & diagrammatic representation � Theory of errors, measure of precision, Probable errors of function, rejection of observation � Mean (Arithmetic, Harmonic, & Geometric), Median & Mode. � Measure of dispersion, standard deviation & standard errors � Probability distribution:- Binomial, Poisson & normal distribution � Regression:- Linear, Bivariate & Polynomial regression analysis � Level of significance: F test, T test, chi square & goodness of fit, ANOVA
UNIT-2: Radioisotope Techniques and Microscopy
� Radioisotopes & half life of isotopes, Units & measurement of radiation, Autoradiography, Application of radioisotopes in biological study, Interaction of radiation with matter
� Light Microscopy: - Bright field, Dark field, Fluorescent Microscopy, Phase contrast Microscopy � Electron Microscopy :- Transmission, EM & Scanning EM, Flow Cytometry, Atomic force
microcopy
UNIT-3: Spectroscopy � Spectroscopic techniques:- Beer Lambert’s law, Extinction coefficient, Principles & applications
of visible & U.V. spectroscopic technique � Electromagnetic spectrum, interaction of EM radiation with matter, Physical phenomenon:-
Absorption, Emission, Refraction, Diffraction, Transmission � Absorption & Emission Spectroscopy � X-ray diffraction & crystallization � CD, ORD, IR & NMR, MALDI-TOF Mass spectroscopy (Matric Assisted Laser Desorption
Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
UNIT-4: Chromatography, Centrifugation and Electrophoresis
� Chromatography Theory & Principles � Key terms:- Stationary phase, mobile phase, Retention time, column efficiency, Peak shape, Rate
theory � Types of chromatography, partition, adsorption, Ion exchange, size exclusion, affinity, Paper
chromatography, Hydrophobic chromatography, GC,GLC, HPLC � Centrifugation: - Sedimentation, Relative centrifugal force, preparative and analytical centrifuge. � Basic Principles of electrophoresis, Agarose electrophoresis, PAGE, SDS PAGE, 2D PAGE,
Isoelectrofocussing
M.Sc. Biotechnology – Semester-III (Syllabus Module prepared for CBCS)
COURSE BT – 311: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY [CORE]
UNIT-1: Basics of Industrial fermentation and Sterilization of air, media & equipments � Medium formation & Raw material � Isolation and screening of industrially useful microorganisms � Strain Improvement � Methods of measuring process variation � Control system � Computer application in fermentation technology
UNIT-2: Design of fermenter
� Various Design and types of fermentors & Bioreactor � Aeration and agitation, oxygen transfer rate, heat control � Batch, fed-batch and continuous culture operations � Starter culture, its importance and preparation � Mass transfer bioprocess � Scale up bioprocess
UNIT-3: Product Recovery & Purification (Downstream Processing)
� Extraction and separation techniques; Cell disruption – disintegration, Flocculation & Floatation, Filtration, Centrifugation, Distillation
� Enrichment of product by: Thermal process, Membrane filtration and dialysis, Freeze concentration, Chromatographic methods, Purification: Crystallization and drying
� Bioassay and fermentation economics UNIT-4: Industrial production of chemicals
� Alcohol Fermentation � Organic acids ( Gluconic acid & Citric acid ) � Vitamins (Vit. B12 ) � Amino acids ( Lysine & Glutamic acid ) � Single cell protein � Antibiotics (Penicillin & streptomycin) � Enzyme (Amylase, Protease & lipase)
UNIT-5: Food Technology
� Food Spoilage & Preservation � Methods of Food Processing � Designer Foods, Nutraceuticals & Genetically Modified Foods
COURSE BT – 312: BIOINFORMATICS [CORE]
UNIT-1: Computational approach
���� Introduction to operating system and Basics of computer.
���� Use of computer networking - LAN, WAN, MODEM, Fibre Optics Network.
Introduction to Internet. WWW, NICNET, ERNET VSNL. ISDN ETC.
���� Introduction to artificial intelligence and neural networks.
���� Current perspective & Emergence of Bioinformatics
���� Commercial use of Bioinformatics
UNIT-2: Biological databases
� Primary & secondary database
� Database searching
� Database Management:- Sequence Retrieval system (SRS)
UNIT-3: Data mining and Sequence Alignment (Primer Designing)
� Data mining & Data warehouse, Machine Learning methods, Data mining tools &
techniques,
� Pair wise sequence Alignments, Global & Local Alignments, Multiple Sequence
Alignments, Gaps & scoring matrices, Homology, orthology, Analogy & Paralogy
� Primer designing
UNIT-4: Gene Prediction & Genome analysis
� Reliability of ORF Prediction
� Methods for Gene prediction in microbial genomics & in eukaryotes
� Evaluation of gene prediction
� Comparative genomics
� Functional Genomics
� Microarray methods & its applications in genome analysis
UNIT-5: Protein structure prediction
� Terms used for classifying protein structure & sequences
� Alignment of protein structures
� Structural prediction and its evaluation
� Structural modeling
COURSE BT – 313: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY – I [ELECTIVE-1] UNIT-1: Environmental impact and Biosensors
� Reducing environmental impact of industrial effluents Toxic site reclamation, removal of
spilled oil and grease deposits. Microbial degradation of textile dyes, timber petroleum
products, leather plastics and food product
� Biosensors, recent approaches and applications
UNIT-2: Bio fertilizers
� Use of mycorrhizae in reforestation and aforestation
� Biofertilizers and biopesticides
� Role of Dienococcus sp. in bioremediation of radioactive waste. Molecular mechanisms
of radiation resistant
UNIT-3: Environment and energy
� Renewable source of energy: Biomass production and Biogas production. Generation of
energy and fuel using microorganisms (Hydrogen production and Methane production)
� Brief account of alternative energy source: Biofuel etc.
� Conservation of energy: Global Warming and carbon credit
� Heavy metals and its effect on microbes and higher organisms
UNIT-4: Biodiversity
� Biodiversity & species concept
� Benefits from Biodiversity
� Factors threatening Biodiversity
� Endangered species management & Biodiversity protection
COURSE BT – 314: CELL CULTURE [ELECTIVE-2]
UNIT-1: Plant Biotechnology
� Culture media: - constituents and concepts of sterilization, Preparation, isolation and selection of
explant, Concepts of totipotency.
� Suspension cell culture, Callus culture, Protoplast Isolation, culture & fusion.
� Anther & pollen culture for production, Somatic embryogenesis, Synthetic seeds.
� Germplasm Conservation: Improvement, exploitation and conservation of plant genetic
resources.
UNIT-2: Animal Biotechnology
� Equipments & media used for Animal cell culture technology, Primary & established cell line
culture and culture media
� Applications of animal cell cultures
� Serum protein media viability and cytotoxicity, Basic techniques of mammalian cell culture
� Cryopreservation and transshipment of animal tissue and cell line
UNIT-3: Stem cells
� Erythrogenesis, Chondrogenesis,. Cell cycle analysis, cells synchronization, cells
separation, cells transformation in vitro, cells locomotion and cell cloning
� Different types of stem cell Characteristics of stem cells. The methods for stem cells
differentiations. Potential of stem cell research in treatment of different genetic,
infectious diseases and drug targeting
� Gene therapy and its application
UNIT-4: Transgenics
� Objectives of transgenics
� Methods of gene transfer in plants and animals
� Expression of transgene in higher plants and animals for producing value based products
� Application of transgenic plants and animals: Recombinant product produced through
transgene viz. Edible Vaccine, Recombinant proteins, Hormone production etc.
COURSE BT – 315: FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY [ELECTIVE-3]
Unit – 1
� Starter cultures and their biochemical activities; production of alcoholic beverages;
production of Single cell protein and Baker’s yeast; Mushroom cultivation
� Food and dairy products: Cheese, bread and yogurt.
� Fermented vegetables – Saurkraut; Fermented Meat – Sausages
Unit - 2
� Novel microorganisms eg. LAB (Probiotics), Cyanobacteria, methylotrophs enzyme
biotransformations
� Role of Plant tissue culture for improvement of food additives; color and flavor
� Genetic modifications of microorganisms; detection and rapid diagnosis
� Genetically modified foods and crop
Unit-3
� Food borne infections and intoxications; with examples of infective and toxic types –
Clostridium, Salmonella, Staphylococcus
� Mycotoxins in food with reference to Aspergillus species
� Food preservation: canning, dehydration, ultrafiltration, sterilization, irradiation
� Chemical and naturally occurring antimicrobials; Biosensors in food industry
Unit -4
� Quality assurance: Microbiological quality standards of food
� Intellectual property rights and animal welfare
� Government regulatory practices and policies. FDA, EPA, HACCP, ISI
� Risk analysis; consumer and industry perceptions
M.Sc. Biotechnology – Semester-IV (Syllabus Module prepared for CBCS)
COURSE BT – 417: MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY [CORE]
UNIT-1: Microbial evolution and phylogeny
� Molecular basis of microbial classification,
� Chronometers and chronological distances,
� Paradox in establishing Evolutionary distances.
UNIT-2: Non-cultivable microbes
� Cultivable vs. non-cultivable microbes, Genetic heterogeneity among non-cultivable,
Metabolic potential of non-cultivable microbes, Evolutionary and biotechnological
significance of non-cultivable microbes
� Molecular methods for studying non-cultivable microbes: Isolation of nucleic acids
and analyses of microbial diversity, In-situ hybridization, Methods of 16S rRNA
analysis
UNIT-3: Archaebacteria:
� Archaebacteria - distinguishing features, Phylogenetic groups of Archaebacteria,
Ecology and habitats of Archaebacteria, Physiology of Archaebacteria
UNIT-4: Life at Extremities:
� Life at hyper-extremities: hyperthermophilic Archaebacteria and bacteria, Life at
hyper salinity, other forms of extremophiles
� Gene expression in hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea, Genome analysis from
extremophiles
� Protein stability in hyper-extremophiles
UNIT-5: Biotechnology and Extremophiles:
� Hyper-extremophiles and their novel metabolic machinery and biomolecules- future
unique applications
COURSE BT – 418: MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY –II [CORE]
UNIT – 1: Proteomics techniques
� Techniques used in gene detection and expression studies: Southern hybridization,
Northern hybridization, western hybridization, PCR and RT-PCR
� Peptide sequencing and synthesis: principles and strategies for protein sequencing.
Design of primers from ammo acids sequences.
UNIT – 2: DNA- protein interaction techniques
� Gel mobility shift assay, DNA-protein cross-linking assay, Dnase I foot printing and
Sl nuclease mapping.
� Protein- protein interactions: chemical cross-linking. Yeast-2-hybid, Yeast-3-hybid
and their various versions. Principles and applications.
UNIT – 3: Reporter genes
� Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat), neomycin phosphoryl transferase II (nptII),
Luciferase, β- galactosidese etc. and their applications in expression kinetics and
promoter probing studies.
UNIT – 4: Protein folding
� Protein folding and the roles of Molecular chaperones
� Mechanism and relevance to biotechnology
� Assisted protein folding , In-vitro protein folding
UNIT – 5: Protein engineering and drugs design
� Rational of protein engineering,
� Methods and approaches: directed Evolution and gene shuffling, random mutagenesis
and selection of engineered proteins, gene modification at specific sites, synthesis of
complete gene. Engineering by gene fusion.
� Drug design and various approaches: by blocking enzyme activity, Inhibitor for
Dihydroxyfolate reducase (DHFR), Renin. HIV reverse transcriptase etc Drug design
by blocking hormone receptors, propanolol for norepinephrine and epinephrine etc,
and drug design by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis using antisense RNA technology.
COURSE BT – 419: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS & IPR [ELECTIVE-1]
UNIT – 1:
� Steps to preserve biodiversity. In situ and Ex Situ conservation - Gene banks, In-situ
and Ex situ conservation. Ex situ conservation efforts at international level, Ex-situ
conservation by G-15 countries, Europe, India.
� Conservation efforts by private sectors, management of germplasm collection.
Species conservations.
UNIT – 2:
� Biosafety and Societal Concern: Public debate and concern on Genetically modified
microorganisms, plants and animals, scientific analyses of the concern, Biosafety
regulation and guidelines on developing and using the Genetically modified organisms,
radiation safety.
UNIT – 3:
� Intellectual property, Intellectual property rights (IPR) (Patents, trade secret, copy right,
trade marks), Choice of intellectual property protection (IPP). IPR and plant genetic
resources (PGR).
UNIT – 4:
� Patenting of Biological Materials: International conventions. International cooperation
obligations with patent applications, implications of patenting, current issues: Can live
form be patented-? with special reference to Factor VIII, Erythropoitin, tissue
plasminogen, activator, hybridoma technology etc.
� Patenting of higher plants and animals: Transgenic organisms and isolated genes.
Patenting of genes and DNA sequences, plant breeder's rights and farmer's right.
COURSE BT – 420: Environmental Biotechnology II [Elective – 2] UNIT – 1:
� Biodegradation - Parameters influencing Biodegradation � Types of Biodegradation reactions; aerobia and anaerobic � Biodegradation of plant polysaccharides � Biodegradation Lignin, cellulose
UNIT – 2: � Biodegradation of pesticides � Biodegradation of PAHs � Biodegradation of nitroaromatics � Biodegradation of chloroaromatic
UNIT – 3: � Acid mine drainage � Microbial methylation of mercury � Microbial methylation of arsenic
UNIT – 4: � Bioremediation � Various strategies involving microbes � Genetically engineered microorganisms & Bioremediatio
COURSE BT – 421: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology [Elective – 3] UNIT – 1: Structural and functional genomics
� Structural and functional organization of the human genome. � Physical mapping and linkage analysis, Identification of the disease linked genes and
markers, positional cloning, isolation of the disease responsible genes and their characterization.
� Global genome functional variations: assessment by microarrays (cDNA and Oligo microarrays), 2D protein gel electrophoresis, MALDI.
� Functional analysis of human genome for studying the diseases and drug functionality and drug side effects (by microarray and 2D gel electrophoresis).
UNIT – 2: AIDS
� History of HIV, types, Life cycle to the HIV � Genome variations among the HIV strains � Key aspects for the drug designing targets.
UNIT – 3: Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Diagnostics � Importance and types of drug metabolizing enzymes � Variations in the drug metabolizing genes their effects, Individualized medicine and their
application in the drug dosage and treatment in cancer. � Principles and application of the molecular diagnosis via protein, DNA and other bio-
molecular detections.
UNIT – 4: Antibiotics and Pharmacokinetics
� Antimicrobial agents � Vaccines � Modern approaches in Vaccination
COURSE BT – 422: Agriculture Biotechnology [Elective – 4] UNIT – 1: Taxonomy and physiology
� Classification of plant kingdom (Bentham and Hooker) � Absorption of water, mineral nutrition, transpiration, phytohormones
UNIT – 2: Molecular Biology of Stress Tolerance in Plants
� Basic plant physiology and regulation � Water Stress, salt stress, High Temperature Stress, Freezing Stress, Systems Biology to
Study Cold Tolerance, Nutrient Stress, Heavy Metal Stress
UNIT – 3: Genetic Transformation of Plants
� Agrobacterium mediated and biolistics-basic principles and applications, Ti plasmids, binary vectors, transformation hosts, Selection markers, Reporter genes, promoters
� Mechanism of transformation � Screening of the transgenic plants and heterologous gene expression
UNIT – 4: Molecular farming: (Reported examples)
� Transgenic crop with Heat shock proteins, Ion/proton transporters, Reactive oxygen scavenger, Transcription and factors
� Transgenetic plants with pathogenetic resistance protein � Plant-derived recombinant therapeutic protein, plant-derived recombinant antibody,
vaccine candidate –hepatitis B virus surface antigen in tobacco, plant-derived industrial enzyme, amylase in tobacco, Secretory IgA produced in tobacco
M.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester-I MODULE I: Biochemistry and Enzymology MODULE II: Microbiology
MODULE I: Biochemistry and Enzymology
1. Method of Protein Estimation
i) Estimation of Protein by Biuret methods
ii) Estimation of Protein by Folin Lowry methods
iii) Estimation of Protein by Bradford method
iv) Estimation of Protein by UV Absorption.
2. Method of Carbohydrate Estimation
i) Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA method.
ii) Estimation of Carbohydrate by Nelson-somogys method
iii) Estimation of Carbohydrate by GOD/POD method.
iv) Estimation of Carbohydrate by Phenol Sulphuric acid Method. [
3. Nucleic acid Estimation
i) Estimation of DNA by DPA method
ii) Estimation of RNA by orcinol method /modified orcinol
iii) Estimation of total lipids in seeds
4. Analysis of oils, iodine numbers, saponification value, acid number
5. Enzyme assay, Enzyme Kinetics, specific activity, Determination of Km & Vmax,
Optimum pH, Optimum Temperature of Amylase/Alkaline phosphatase /protease/
cellulase
6. Studying comparative effect of Inhibitors on enzyme activity of Amylase/Alkaline
phosphatase/protease/cellulose.
Alkaline Phosphatase i.e, a) Competitive Inhibition (NaH2PO4, PNP)b)
Uncompetitive Inhibition (L – Phenylalanine)
7. Separation of plant pigments by paper chromatography
8. Separation of Amino acids by thin layer chromatography
MODULE II : Microbiology
1. Isolation & maintenance of organism by plating, streaking & serial isolation
methods slants & stab culture, storage of microorganism
2. Microscopic observation - Gram staining, Capsule & Spore Staining
3. Growth cure – Diauxic
4. Effect of Environmental Factors on Growth of Bacteria: Salt, Temp, pH.
5. Viable count of bacteria from soil sample (Dilution Plating Method)
6. Biochemical characterization of selected Microbes
7. Isolation of bacteriophages from sewage sample
8. Enrichment and Isolation of:
a) Halophiles b) Acidophiles c) Phenol Degraders
d) Nitrogen Fixers e) Antibiotic Producers f) Kojic Acid Producers
9. Alcohol Fermentation
10. Comparative studies of ethanol production using different substrates
11. Immobilization of Whole Cells
12. Effect of Antibiotics on various Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria
13. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum
14. Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of various Antibiotics on different Organisms
M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester-II MODULE III: Immunology, Molecular Cell biology and Cell Technology MODULE IV: Molecular Biology
MODULE III : Immunology, Molecular Cell biology and Cell Technology
1. Total count of RBC & WBC differential count & Blood grouping
2. Western Blotting
3. Single Radial Immunology
4. Octerlony Double diffusion
5. ELISA
6. Generation of primary antibody by using mice as model organism.
7. Isolation & staining of Mitochondria
8. Isolation of chloroplast & estimation of chlorophyll
9. Preparation of media & Surface sterilization of Explant
10. Selection, preparation and inoculation of explant for callusing
11. Study of callus characteristics
12. Subculturing of callus in differentiation media
13. Subculturing callus for Suspension culture
14. Extraction of secondary metabolites from callus culture
15. Protoplast Isolation & Culture
16. Production of Haploids by anther culture
17. Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer and reporter gene assay
MODULE IV : Molecular Biology 1. Isolation of Genomic DNA from bacterial cell / plant cell
2. Isolation of RNA from Yeast cells
3. Determination of Tm values of DNA
4. Isolation of Temperature sensitive conditional Mutant
5. Isolation of auxotrophic mutant by 5 BrU mutagenesis
6. Bacterial Conjunction
7. Physical mapping with interrupted conjugation techniques (By Problem solving approach)
8. Bacterial Transformation
9. Plasmid Curing by Acridine Orange
10. Restriction Digestion of λ DNA using three Restriction Endonuclease enzymes:
a) EcoR V b) Hind III c) BamH I
M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester-III MODULE V: Protein Purification MODULE VI: Bioinformatics MODULE V : Protein Purification
1. Protein Purification Studies of different proteins/enzymes. 2. SDS PAGE and Native Gel a) CBB – R250 staining technique b) Silver staining technique 3. Gel Filtration Chromatography 4. Ion Exchange Chromatography : Purification of proteins/enzymes using CM Cellulose / DEAE Cellulose.
5. Induction of Protein synthesis in E.coli cells. 6. Protein Folding Studies.
MODULE VI : Bioinformatics 1. Use of NCBI Bioinformatics Tools:
a) Pubmed b) OMIM c) Taxonomy d) Protein analysis e) Genes and Disease 2. Use of Expasy Tools 3. FASTA and sequence formals 4. BLAST 5. Alignments – Pair wise & global 6. Construction of Dendrogram 7. Prediction of ORF/ gene Prediction 8. Protein Visualization (RASMOL, SPDB VIEWER, PROTEIN EXPLORER) 9. Protein Modeling-Homology modeling & Active site Prediction 10. Primer Designing
M.Sc. Biotechnology Semester-IV MODULE VII: Environmental Biotechnology MODULE VIII: Molecular Techniques MODULE VII : Environmental Biotechnology
1. Analysis of potable Water for determining its Quality
1a. Detection of Coliforms (MPN)
1b. Determination of Total Dissolved Solids
2. Chemical Analysis of Sewage / effluent sample
2a. Determination of Solids (TS, TSS, TDS)
2b. Determination of Dissolved oxygen content
2c. Determination of BOD
2d. Determination of COD
2e. Determination of Nitrogen
(NH4 – N, NO3 – N, NO2 – N, Total Organic N)
2f. Determination of Phosphorus
(Total, Dissolved, Portico late P)
3. Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Polyhydrocarbon Degrading
Organisms.
4 Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Dye Degrading Organisms
MODULE VIII: Molecular Techniques 11. Isolation & Characterization of plasmid DNA
12. Isolation of Lambda phage DNA
13. Quantification of nucleic acid
14. Cloning in Plasmid or Phage vectors
15. Southern Blotting
16. Development of RFLP & RAPD Map
17. Access of population diversity by 16S rDNA.
LIST OF REFERENCES
BIOMOLECULES &METABOLIC ASPECTS AND ENZYME TECHNOLO GY 1. Lenhinger. Principles of Biochemistry, Nelson & Cox, 4th Edition. 2. Stryer – Biochemistry. W.H.Freeman & Co. 3. Plumner. An introduction to practical Biochemistry,3rd Edition 4. J.Jayraman. Lab Manual in Biochemistry. 5. Cohn and Stumph. Outline of Biochemistry. Wiley eastern. 6. Zube’s Biochemistry.4th Edition Macmillan. 7. Switzer and Garrity. Experimental Biochemistry WH Freeman.2nd Edition 8. Voet & Voet Donald. 3rd Edition. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, J/W. 9. Hames and Hooper. 2000. Instant notes in Biochemistry. BIOS Sci. Publ. 10. Smith G. 1996. Biotechnology. Cambeidge Univ. Press. 11. Geoffrey Cooper. 2000. The cell with CD- Rom. Sinauer Asso. Incorp. 12. Elliott & Elliot.3 rd Edition Biochemistry and molecular bilogy. 13. Seidman and Moore. 2000. Basic laboratory methods for biotechnology. Longman 14. Boyer. 1999. Concepts in biochemistry. Thomson 15. Das and Mookerijee. Outline of biology. 16. Biotechnology, Demystifying the concepts. By David Bourgaize. Alp 2000 17. Wilson, & Walker. 1995. Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry. 18. Boyer. 2001. Concepts in Biochemistry. 2nd Edition 19. Hames, Instant Notes in biochemistry, 2nd Edition. 20. Garrett, Biochemistry,2nd Edition. 21. Price & Steven, Fundamentals of Enzymology,3rd Edition 22. Creigntion, proteins: Structure & Molecular Properties, Freeman Pub.+ 23. Stephen Neidle, Nucleic acid Structure and Recognition, Oxford University Press 24. Rob Reed , David Holmes, Practical Skills in Bimolecular Sciences, LONGMAN Pub. MICROBIOLOGY 1. Pelczar M.J.Chan, 5th Edition, Microbiology 2. Roger Y.Stanier, 5th Edition General microbiology 3. Powar & Daginawala Vol I & Vol II,General Microbiology 4. Prescott L. M. Microbiology, 6th Edition 5. Atlas R.M. Microbiology 6. Jhonson ,Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology,6th Edition, Pearson Education 7. Harold J.Benson, Microbiological applications, 6th Edition
8. Singleton Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, John Wiley 9. R.C. Dubey& Maheshwari,A Textbook of Microbiology,1st Edn,2005. 10. Medical Microbiology, Anantnarayan 11. Nicklin, Instant Notes in Microbiology,2nd Edn. 12. Stanier,General Microbiology, 5th Edn. 13. Ingraham,Introduction to microbiology,3rd Edn 14. Moat, Microbial Physiology,4th Edn. 15. Ignacimuthu,Methods in Microbiology 16. Black, Microbiology Principle & Exploration,6th Edition. 17. Torotora , Microbiology: An Introduction 8th Edition. 18. Cuppuccino,Microbiology : A Laboratory Manual,8th Edition 19. White, Physiology & Biochemistry of Prokaryotes 20. Alexopoulos, Introductory Mycology 21. Rajvaidya, Applied Microbiology Vol.I to V, APH Pub. ADVANCED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND BIOSTATISTICS 1. Biotol, Analysis of Amino Acids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids,B.H.Edn. 2. Biotol, Techniques used in Bioproduct Analysis,B.H.Edn. 3. Daniel, Basic Biophysics. Student Edn. 4. Singh, Biophysics, Freeman Pub. 5. Patania,Analytical Chromatography, Campus Publisher. 6. Siuzdak,Mass Spectroscopy for Biotechnology 7. Richard F. Ven, Principles and Practices in Bioanalysis, Taylor & Francis Inc. 8. Wilson & Walker, Practical Biochemistry, Cambridge Edn. 9. Chang, Physical chemistry with application to Biological system, MacMillan Pub. 10. S. Mahesh, Biotechnology-3, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, New age Int.Pub. 11. Thomas, Analytical Biochemistry,1st Edn. 12. Switzer & Garrity, Experimental Biochemistry,3rd Edition. 13. Shamauder, Methods in Biotechnology. 14. Willard,Instrumental Method of analysis, CBS Pub.7th Edn 15. Jerrold H Zar, Biostatistical analysis, 4th Edition, Pearson Education 16. P.S.S.Sundar Rao, An Introduction to Biostatistics, Eastern Economy Edn. 17. N.Gurumani,An Introduction to Biostatistics,2nd Edition,MJP Publisher. 18. Jiang, Xu & Zhang,Current topics in Computational Molecular Biology,Ane Books 19. Gary B.Fogel & David Corne , Evolutionary Computation In Bioinformatics
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
20. Martyn,Theoretical & Experimental DNA Computing, Springer International. 21. Saras Publication, Biostatistics applications 22. Wayne W. Daniel ,Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences.
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. Peter Westhof, Molecular Plant Development 2. R.C.Chaudhary Intro Plant Breeding, Oxford Pub. 3. H.S.Chawla,m Intro. to Plant Biotechnology 4. R.S.Singh , Oxford Pub. Prin. Of Plant Pathology, Oxford Pub. 5. S.Ignacimuthu, Plant Biotechnology, Plant Biotechnology 6. R.S.Singh, Prin. of Plant Pathology, Oxford Pub 7. H.N.Verma, Basics Plant Virology, Oxford Pub 8. M.K.Rajdan, Plant Tissue Culture, Oxford Pub 9. Buchanan, Wilhelm Gruissem ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants, Wiley 10. Peter Westhoff, Molecular Plant Development, Oxford Tokyo 11. Freshney, R. Ian, Culture of Animal Cells: a manual of basic technology, 5th
Ed,John Wiley & Sons 12. Ranga, M. M. Animal Biotechnology, 2nd ed. Student Edition 13. Masters, John R. W., Animal Cell culture: a practical approach, 3rd Ed.,Oxford
University Press 14. Yadav, P. R.; Tyagi, Rajiv, Biotechnology of Animal Culture, Discovery Publishing
House 15. Periera-Raja, Florence, Animal Biotechnology,Dominant Publishers & Distributors
IMMUNOLOGY 1. Janis Kuby, Immunology, 5th Edition 2. Ivan Roitt, Essential Immunology, 9th Edn. 3. Ananthnarayan , Medical microbiology, 4. Mary S. Leffell,& Noel R. Rose, Handbook of Human Immunology, CRC press 5. Tizzard, Immunology 6. Elgert Immunology 7. Lidyard, Instant notes in Immunology, 2nd Edition. 8. Darla J wise, Immunology-A comprehensive review : A Blackwell science Pub. 9. Todd & Spickett, Immunology 10. Delves & Roitte Encyclopedia of Immunology- Vol-1 to Vol.-4, 2nd Edition
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1. Garder, Principles of genetics, Wiley Publications, 8th edition 2. Levin, Gene VI to Gene VIII, Oxford Pub. 3. Friefelder, Essentials of Molecular Biology, Panima Pub 4. T. A. Brown ,Genome-2 2nd Edition 5. Old & primrose, Principle of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell Pub. 6. Weaver Molecular Biology, Mc Graw Hill 7. Brown, Gene Cloning and DNA analysis, Blackwell Pub. 8. Winnacker, From genes to clones , Panima Pub. 9. P.C. Tumer, Instant notes in Immunology, Viva books Pub. 10. Griffith, Introduction to genetic analysis, Freeman publication, 8th edition 11. Robert Broker, Genetics, Mc Graw Hill 12. Strickberger, Genetics, Prentice Hall Pub. 13. T. A. Brown, Gene Cloning DNA analysis- Blackwell Pub. 14. Stephen Hunt, Functional Genomics Oxford, Tokyo MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY 1. Alberts. Molecular Biology of cell. Garland Pub. 2. Verma,Cell biology ,Genetics ,Molecular Biology, Evolution & Ecology.2006 3. Karp,Cell & Molecular Biology: concepts & Experiments.4th Edition. 4. Lodish,Cell & Molecular Biology,W.H.Freeman.5th Edn. 5. Watson, Molecular Biology of the Genes. Pearson Publication. 6. Wilson, & Walker. 1995. Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry. 7. Becker. 1996. Biotechnology: A laboratory course. Alp 8. Lenhinger. Principles of biochemistry,2nd Edn. 9. Glick, Molecular Biotechnology,ASM Publication. 10. Becker & Hardin, The world of the Cell, Pearson Pub. 11. C.B.Powar, Cell Biology ,Himalaya Press. 12. Nelson & Cox, Lehninger Principle Biochemistry, Freeman Pub. 13. Desiker, Cell & Development Biology, Dominant Pub. 14. Albert, Essential Cell Biology,Garland Science. 15. Geoffrey Cooper ,The- Cell Molecular Approach, ASM Pub. 16. Ben Hui Liu, Statistical Genomics : Linkage, mapping & QTL Analysis, CRC press
MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. Nicholl, An Introduction to Genetic Engg. - 2 ed, Cambridge 2. Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulation - 6 ed, Blackwell 3. Winnacker, From Genes to Clones, Panima
4. Primrose, Principle of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell
5. Griffiths, Intro. to Genetic Analysis - 8 ed, Freeman Pub. 6. Maxine singer-berg, Genes – Genomes, Uni. Sci. Book 7. T.A.Brown, Gene Clonning - DNA Analysis, Blackwell 8. John Witkowski, Recombinant DNA, Scientific American 9. Piramal, Molecular Biotechnology, Dominant Pub. 10. Maxine singer & Paul Berg, Exploring Genetic Mechanism, Uni.science Books 11. Bruce K. Patterson, Techniques in Quantification and Localization of Gene Expression, Birkhaus Pub. 12. Reed , Holmes,Jonathan Weyers, Practical Skills in Bimolecular Sciences 13. Anthony, Griffiths,William M, Modern Genetic Analysis :Integrating Genes & Genomes, W.H.Freeman And Company BIOINFORMATICS
1. Gary B.Fogel & David Corne, Evolutionary Computation in Bioinformatics, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,
2. Christoph W. Sensen , Essentials Of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Wiley-VCH. 3. David Bowtell and Joseph Sambrook, DNA Microarrays, CSHL Press 4. Murray R. Selwyn, Principles of Experimental Design for the Life Sciences, CRC Press 5. Warren J. Ewens,Gregory R. Grant, Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics : An
Introduction, Springer. 6. Hugh G. Griffin,Annette M. Griffin, PCR Technology:current innovation. 7. Ben Hui Liu, Statistical Genomics : Linkage, mapping and QTL Analysis, CRC Press 8. Westhead, Instant Notes on Bioinformatics,1st Edn. 9. Baxevanis & Francis, Bioinformatics,2nd Edn.Wiley. 10. T.K.Attwood,An Introduction to Bioinformatics ,Pearson Pub. 11. Higgs & Attwood, Bioinformatics & Molecular Evolution 12. David W. Mount, Bioinformatics : Sequence and Genome Analysis,Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. Pappler, Microbial technology, Volume 1,2 7 3 Academic press 2. E.L. Mansi, Fermentation, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Taylor Pub. 3. Murray Moo & Young, Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol-1 to 4. 4. Tripathi, Food Biotechnology, Dominant Publication 5. Mukhopadhyay. Process Biotechnology Fundamental. Viva book 6. Shuler and Kargi, Bioprocess engineering. Prentice-Hall. 7. Schugerl. 1987. Bioreaction engineering. J/W. 8. Stanbury and Whitaker. Principles of fermentation technology. 9. Sikyta, Methods in Industrial microbiology. Ellis Hardwood Ltd. 10. T.K.Ghose. Bioprocess computation in biotechnology. Ellis Hardwood Ltd. 11. Murray Joh. 1997. Microorganisms and Biotechnology. 12. Bioprocess Engineering Principles by Doran (D); Academic Press, 1998 13. Cooney, A.E. Humphrey, Comprehensive Biotechnology: The principles & Regulation of Biotechnology in Industry, Agriculture and Medicine, Vol.2, Pergamon Press. 14. Doran. Bioprocess Engineering Principles - Academic Press - 2001
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. Rajvaidhya, Environmental Biochemistry, APH Pub 2. Ahmed, Industrial & Envi. Biotech, Horizon 3. Bitton, Wastewater Microbiology - 2 ed, Wiley 4. D.P.Singh, Environmental Microbiotech, New Age 5. Pratham Vashisth, Environmental Biotechnology, Dominant Pub. 6. Arihat Parulkar, Environmental Biotechnology, Dominant Pub 7. Purohit Shammi, Environmental Sciences, Student Edi 8. Eugene Odum ,Ecology, Oxford 9. B.K.Singh, Biodiversity, Mangal Deep 10. Vashishtha, Environmental Biotechnology, Dominant Pub. 11. Gerba & Pepler, Environment Microbiology
