SYLLOGISM MADE EASY.docx

7/25/2019 SYLLOGISM MADE EASY.docx

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SYLLOGISM MADE EASY

The first step is to make a Venn diagram. Second step is deriving the conclusion. Lets

go to all possible concepts. (Concepts = Statements)

CONCEPT 1 Some A is B.

The iagram for Some ! is " is

The possible conclusions are#

$) Some ! is "

%) Some " is !

CONCEPT 2 Some A is B and Some B is C

The iagram is#

&o' the ossible Conclusions are#


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Between A and B Between B and C

Some ! is " Some " is C

Some " is ! Some C is "

There is no *+CT C,&&+CT,& bet'een ! and C. So it is not possible to derive an-

conclusion bet'een ! and C.

CONCEPT 3 All A is B

The iagram is#

The Conclusions are#

!ll ! is ".

Some ! is ".

Some " is !.


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IMPORTANT NOTE !"EN T"E STATEMENTS ARE POSITI#E$ T"E

CONCL%SIONS M%ST BE POSITI#E.

CONCEPT & All A is B and All B is C

The Conclusions are#

Between A and B Between B and C Between A and C

!ll ! is ". !ll " is C. !ll ! is C.

Some ! is ". Some " is C. Some ! is C.

Some " is !. Some C is ". Some C is !.

Con'e() * Some A is B. All B is C.


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Some ! is " !ll " is C Some ! is C

Some " is ! Some " is C Some C is !

/Some C is "

Con'e() + All A is B and Some B is C


Between A and B Between B and C


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!ll ! is " Some " is C

Some ! is " Some C is "

Some " is !

There is no *+CT C,&&+CT,& bet'een ! and C. So it is not possible to derive an-

conclusion bet'een ! and C.

Con'e() , All B is A and All C is A

The ossible Conclusions are#

Between A and B Between A and C

!ll " is ! !ll C is !

Some " is ! Some C is !

Some ! is " Some ! is C

There is no *+CT C,&&+CT,& bet'een " and C. So it is not possible to derive an-conclusion bet'een " and C.


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Con'e() - No A is B


&o ! is "

&o " is !

Some ! is not "

Some " is not !

!en NO 'omes in S)a)emen)$ Some/no) so0ld ollo in Con'l0sion

Con'e() All A is B and No B is C



!ll ! is " &o " is C &o ! is C

Some ! is " &o C is " Some ! is &ot C


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Some " is ! Some " is not C

0Some C is not "

Concept 10 All A is B and No A is C


Between A and B Between A and C Between B and C

!ll ! is " &o ! is C Some " is not C

Some ! is " &o C is !

Some " is ! Some ! is not C

/Some C is not !

Con'e() 11 Some A is B4 No B is C



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Some ! is " &o " is C Some ! is not C

Some " is ! &o C is "

0Some " is not C

/Some C is not "

Con'e() 12 Some A is B4 No A is C


Between A and B Between A and C Between B and C

Some ! is " &o ! is C Some " is not C

Some " is ! &o C is !

0Some ! is not C

0Some C is not !


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&ote1 n all the above# the conclusions are made based on the statements. There in

onl- one case 'here the conclusions are determined based on the conclusion itself. t is

called as 2erging Concept.

MERGING CONCEPT

This concept is applicable 'hen more than one conclusion does not follo's.

Rules:

The t'o non0follo'ing conclusions must be of same character.

,ne conclusion must be positive (!ll3Some)

,ne conclusion must be negative (&o3Some0not)

Let me e4plain this concept 'ith some e4amples.

Example 1:

Stmt 1 !ll Lotus are 5lo'ers6 &o Lill- is Lotus.

Conclusion1 &o Lill- is a flo'er6 Some Lill- is 5lo'ers.

The first step is to dra' Venn iagram.

&o' Check the conclusions.


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&o Lill- is a flo'er. (ts not true)

Some Lill- is flo'ers (t is also not true)

T'o conclusions are false. !nd "oth are same Characters (Lill- and 5lo'er). ,ne is

ositive and one is negative. t satisfies all the rules of 2erging Concept.

So the Answer is Either (i) or (ii) Follows.

Example 2

Stmt 1 Some Cameras are *adios6 Some Statues are Cameras.

Conclusion 1 Some *adios are statues6 &o *adio is a Statue.

Conclusion $ 1 Some Statues are *adios (t is false) (&o direct relation bet'een Statue

and *adio)

Conclusion %1 &o *adio is a Statue (t is 5alse) (t is a negative conclusion) (7hen

statements are positive# conclusions must be positive).

&o' Check for merging concept.

T'o Conclusions are 5alse.

The- are of same character. ,ne is ositive and other is &egative.


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!ns'er is Either (I) or (II) Follows

ire!tion Sense "est

#emor$ tool

N0m5e6 Se6iesB7Karikalan/

8e560a67 2,$ 291*

8uestion 1 t contains a series of numbers and it 'ill be in a certain pattern .

,b9ective1 To find the missing or 'rong number in that series .

There will be 5 problems from number series, among these problems 1 will be easy

and 3 will be moderate and 1 will be hard . we can easily crack these questions in a few

second if we guess the pattern . i have made an effort to cover all the patterns , i am

sure after reading this topic you will get some idea .

ifficulty level !asy "

("- keen observation itself# -ou can easil- find pattern.)
http://www.affairscloud.com/author/karikalan/http://www.affairscloud.com/author/karikalan/http://www.affairscloud.com/author/karikalan/http://www.affairscloud.com/author/karikalan/


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#rime numbers

%# :# ;# # $?# %;

$?># %%;# %@># :?$# $ / sAuares of odd number

($:%# $;%# $%# %$%)

%ddition&subtraction by a common number

+4ample 1 $$# $# $?%# B# >:? # >%: .

ifference bet'een successive numbers are $:and the- are in decreasing order soans'er 'ill be >?% / $: = >>.

'ultiplication& division

n this pattern# a certain number is multiplied or divided 'ith the previous number to

get ne4t number in the series.

+4ample 1 $;# :D# ?D# $%D# %D

$;E% = :D

:D E%= ?D

?DE% = $%D


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$%DE% = %D

+4ample 1 ;$D is ?

ifference bet'een $>D G %


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Here the differences are allmultiples of $?i.e. ($?E$)# ($?E%)# ($?E:)# ($?E)# ($?E;)#

so obviousl- the ne4t number 'ill be ($?E?).

So in series the ne4t number 'ill be addition of ($?E? =) >? therefore the ans'er is

%? = :??

+4ample %1$


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+4ample 1%:# %?# %# %


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5or series a b c d e f the pattern 'ill be an- one of these follo'ing patterns.

TS1To find the pattern tr- this techniAue.

2ultipl- the number before last number 'ith % and compare the resultant number 'ith

the last number

$. a) f the resultant number is greater than the last number then it 'ill

be the addition or subtraction of sAuare3cube of number i.e. pattern().

%. b) f the resultant number is less than the last number and differenceis large# then the pattern 'ill be an- of these () or () or (V) or (V)

:. c) f the resultant number is less than the last number but difference is

small it belongs to (V).


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Solving these problems 'ill make -ou understand better.

+4ample $1:# %@ therefore it 'ill be pattern ()

Step %1 no' find the difference bet'een the t'o numbers consecutivel-

difference bet'een :G:

difference bet'een %@ = $>>%

+4ample %1$:# %;# ?$# $%$# %D;# B

Step $1 $%$E%I%D; and variation is small # so it 'ill follo' pattern ()

Step %1 difference bet'een $: G %; = $%

difference bet'een %; G ?$ = :? ($%E:)

difference bet'een ?$ G $%$ = ?D ($%E;)

difference bet'een $%$ G %D; = @ ($%E?D# B

Step $1 %DE%J$>?D and the variation is large too# so the pattern 'ill be either () or

() or (V) or (V)


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Step %1 &o' use the trial and error method but dont appl- it to 'hole series use it in

an- of the t'o numbers.

$E% %E% = ?

?E:E=:?

:?E?E?=%D

%DE@ ;E@ =$>?D so $>?DE$D?E$D=$>??D

+4ample 1 $:# $# :D# >:# :


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ans'er 'ill be :;


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ifference bet'een ;;G ?? is $$

ifference bet'een B G $%D is $; therefore the number is $D;

Thats all about number series hope -ou have get some idea# practice some more

number series problem it 'ill increase -our speed in guessing the pattern .

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