Date post: | 30-Jun-2015 |
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Synapse india Reviews
Networking Concepts
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What is Networking?
Connecting computers
to form a
Local Area Network
( LAN )
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Device Sharing
Sharing of:•Hardware•Software•Information
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A Simple Network
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Local & Wide Area Networks
Early networks were custom built
Connecting a dozen computers
Only 1 or 2 peripherals
Early Ethernet30 userstotal span of 601 feet
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Local Area Network (LAN)
A single collection of machines & peripheralsGenerally less than 1000 computers“Spanned” generally less than 250 meters feetBasic building block for larger networks-Internetworks
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InterNetworks IntraNetworks
A network of networksA networked collection of LANsMore than one floor in a business (intranetwork)Multiple buildingsCampus environment
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Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Spans miles of distance
Two or more separate locations
Down the road or across the world
Microsoft, Federal Express
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The Internet
A WAN internetwork
Millions of machines worldwide
The World Wide Web (WWW)
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Networking Terminology
Client/Server relationship
Client requests shared resources
Server responds & shares resources
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Networking Terminology
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Client Server Networks
Concentrate CPU power & storage capacity
Windows NT Server / Server 2000
Peer to PeerClient/Server role interchangesWindows 95/98/2000/XP
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Simple Network Needs
Medium to carry data
Adapter (NIC)
Protocol
Client / Server Software
Local Network Medium (media)
Carries network messagesConnects machines together on
networkFour types:Metallic cable coaxial - datedTwisted pairFiber optic cable Wireless
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Network Interface Card
(NIC)
Physical link between machine & network
Connection between machine & medium
Also known as network adapter
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Network ProtocolsCommon set of communication rules
Identify ‘oneself” & others on network
Interpret signals
Begin & end network communication
Manage network information exchange
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Protocol Examples
TCP/IP for the Internet
IPX/SPX & NWLINK for Novell
NetBEUI for Microsoft
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Windows Client Setup
Control Panel
Networking
Protocols
Clients
Adapters
Network Software
Programs that access the network
Network Operating System (NOS)Windows NTNovell NetWare (IntranetWare)
Consist of client & server components
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Network LayersNetwork Applications ( NOS & client)Instruct network medium Using machines interface (NIC)Address & exchange informationTo other machines on LAN or WAN
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Layers of the Network
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Network TypesPeer to PeerWindows 98/2000Windows for WorkgroupsClient Server (server-based)Windows NTNovellUnix / Linux
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Peer to PeerNo centralized controlAct as both client & serverUser controls access to machineInstitutionalized chaos & security concernsAdding machines slows network down
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Peer to Peer Advantages
Easy to install & configure
Users control individual shared resources
Inexpensive to purchase & operate
No Network Administrator
Best for 10 or fewer users
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Peer to Peer Disadvantages
Security for only a single resource at a timeUsers may need to know many passwordsIndividual machine backupsSpeed decreases while sharing No central location/access of data
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Server Based Networks
Server is the key to this type
Centralized control of resources
Utilize faster processors
More memory
Extra peripherals
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Server Security
Physical access to the serverSpecialized sentry serversDomain modelAccount namesPasswordsFirewalls
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Server Based Advantages
Central security/ accounts/ access
Simplify network administration
Powerful/ efficient access to resources
Single password for each user
Best for high use, user, networks
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Server Based Disadvantages
Server failure results in unusable network
Server failure results in loss of resources
Expert staff to manage increases cost
Dedicated hardware increases cost
Dedicated software increases cost
All disadvantages may be overcome with $$$
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Hybrid Networks
Combination networks
Windows 95/98/2000
Windows NT Server/Server 2000
Windows NT Workstation
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Server Hardware Requirements
High Speed Drives –Mirrored or RAID
512 MB Memory Minimum
High Quality NIC(s)
High-end Processor(s)
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Specialized Servers
Individual services suppliedApplication ServersCommunication ServersDomain Controllers/Directory
ServersFax Servers
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Specialized Servers (cont.)
Mail ServersWeb Servers File & Print Servers
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Application ServersServer side of Client/Server applicationsSupply application services and dataProvide processing servicesMicrosoft SQL Server runs onWindows NT Server
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Communication Servers
Access beyond networks local scopeInbound & outbound resource accessDial in via modemWindows NT server Remote Access Server(RAS) manages dial in network connections
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Domain Controllers/Directory Servers
Locate, store, & secure information about network Allows computers, users, groups, & resources to be combined into domainsDomain access allows single login to all allowed resources
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Fax Servers
Manage network fax trafficReceive incoming telephone faxesDistribute to network usersCollect outgoing network faxesSend outgoing telephone faxes
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File and Print Servers
File storage & File retrieval
Access to network printers
Applications run locally
Store data on server
Window NT server is capable
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Mail ServersE-mail for network usersAllow local exchange of messagesPermit server based storage of messages Forward user messages to destinationMicrosoft Exchange Server
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Web Servers
World Wide Web (WWW)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Gopher servicesIntranetsNT Server Internet Information Server (IIS)
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Selecting the Right Network
Budget considerations, number of users?
Physical span of the network?
Specialized servers, services desired?
Internetwork or WAN access?
Future growth?
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Summary
Basic elements to build a network Medium, physical interface, protocolNetworking software-client & server
Basic network typesPeer to PeerServer based
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