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The world’s libraries. Connected.
What’s Hot, What’s Not
Synergies Between Research and Education in Digital Libraries
Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) 2012
Zadar, Croatia, June 18, 2012
Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Ph.D.
Senior Research ScientistOCLC
The world’s libraries. Connected.
What’s Hot, What’s Not
• On Demand Digital Library
• Involving & Educating Students
• Creating digital library
jobs
• Lack of funding
• Little integration
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Digital Environment
“The future is digital…digitize and democratize.”
(Darnton, 2009)
The world’s libraries. Connected.
What is a Digital Library?
"Digital libraries are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities."
(Waters, 2007, 5)
The world’s libraries. Connected.
What is a Digital Library?
(Lesk, 1997, xix)
"Digital libraries are organized collections of digital information. They combine the structuring and gathering of information, which libraries and archives have always done, with the digital representation that computers have made possible. Digital information can be accessed rapidly around the world, copied for preservation without error, stored compactly, and searched very quickly. No conventional back-of-the-book index compares with the text search engines we now have."
The world’s libraries. Connected.
What’s Hot
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Expand Our Concept of Research
FOUR KINDS OF EXPERTISE
•Domain (or subject) expertise
•Analytical expertise
•Data expertise
•Project management expertise
“Institutions and scholarly societies must expand their
notions of what kinds of activities constitute research
and reconsider how these activities are supported,
assessed, and rewarded.”(WILLIFORD & HENRY, 2012, 2)
Expertise
RE-EVALUATE
Hot!
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Expand Our Concept of Research Data
CARING FOR DATA
•Test (skepticism)
•Correct, enhance, and integrate
•Make the data meaningful, reliable, and useful
“In fact, some scholars…see the new data they create as
their most significant research outcome.”
(WILLIFORD & HENRY, 2012, 3)
Caring for data
BIG DATA
Hot!
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Embrace Interdisciplinarity
CULTIVATING INTERDISCIPLINARITY
•Organizational flexibility
• Intellectual flexibility
•Sustained collaboration
“Today’s colleges and universities must equip
students with skills appropriate for a rapidly
changing and diverse workforce…”
(WILLIFORD & HENRY, 2012, 3)
Inter-disciplinarity
PERSPECTIVE
Hot!
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Models for Sharing Credit
COLLABORATIVE CREDIT SHARING
•Enhances assessment of work
•Quality and impact of digital projects will grow
“…encourage engagement…by noting and appropriately
rewarding their faculty, staff, and students for making
substanial contributions to collaborative efforts.”
(WILLIFORD & HENRY, 2012, 3)
Credit Sharing
ENCOURAGEMENT
Hot!
The world’s libraries. Connected.
On Demand Digital Libraries
ON DEMAND DIGITAL LIBRARIES
•Brain Hive
•Rental service for K-12 schools
•School pays $1/rental
•Helps libraries make digital shift to e-books
•New publishing models
“…rental service may not appeal to schools that want to own their collections and pay a one-time fee for their books. A Netflix for
books, all-you-can-eat subscription service would likely
resonate much better with educational institutions, but that
could be difficult to arrange in terms of licensing agreements
with publishers.”
(LEE, 2012)
On Demand Digital Library
WHAT MAY BE NOT-SO-HOT
Hot!
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Involving and Educating Students
INVOLVING AND EDUCATING STUDENTS
•UCLA Library’s Center for Primary Research and Training
•Archival methods training
•Students paired with underprocessed collections
• Cost effective
• Provides feedback
• Makes collections more accessible
“Students have access to materials that others have not
yet fully investigated, and their training in archival
organization and description results in making those
collections more accessible to other researchers.”
(CENTER FOR PRIMARY RESEARCH TRAINING, 2012) Involving and
Educating Students
IT’S A WIN-WIN SITUATIONHot!
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Involving and Educating Students
INVOLVING AND EDUCATING STUDENTS
•University of Richmond’s Digital Scholarship Lab
• Visualizing Emancipation
•Team of grad & undergrad students
• Primary texts
• Digitally map events
•New opportunities for undergraduate research
“And of course, scholarship will eventually be digital. Everything
is digital, and people will be working from the ground up imagining how to explain the
things people are fascinated by. That’s what is exciting for me
about the field. I’m just trying to keep it warm until the young people come along; for them, this is their native language.”
(CHEN, 2012)Involving
and Educating Students
MILLENNIALS TAKE OVER Hot!
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Creating Digital Library Jobs
CREATING DIGITAL LIBRARY JOBS
• Create digital infrastructure
• Engage with research data needs
• Explore new modes of scholarly communication
• Keep up with changing research and learning practices
Associate Director for Digital Library Programmes and Information Technologies, Bodleian Libraries, University of OxfordAssociate Vice President for Digital Programs and Technology ServicesColumbia University Libraries/Information ServicesHead of Digital LibraryInformation Services, The University of Edinburgh
(DEMPSEY, 2011)
THE JOBS ARE OUT THEREHot!
Creating Digital Library Jobs
The world’s libraries. Connected.
What’s Not
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Lack of Funding for Educational Programs
LACK OF FUNDING
• Substantive funding for research in digital libraries
• Little funding set aside for educational programs
• Education is far behind research and practice
"Unfortunately, education has had little direct or organized connection with any of these rapid and substantive developments. There was little or no funding for education in digital libraries, as related to any of the multitude of the diverse activities.”
(SARACEVIC & DALBELLO, 2001)
EDUCATION IN LAST PLACE Not
So
Hot!
Lack of funding
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Lack of Funding for Educational Programs
LACK OF FUNDING• Resources and tools change rapidly
• Research a big investment
• Adopt models for resource sharing• Share resources, skills, & services
“Faculty, staff, and students need strong, reliable training programs that correlate sound methodological strategies with appropriate new technologies.”
( WILLIFORD & HENRY, 2012, 3)
ONGOING COMMITMENT TO EDUCATION
Getting
warmer
…
Lack of funding
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Limitations to Adoption
LIMITATIONS TO ADOPTION• Need evidence of benefits
• Attitudes toward adoption vary• Discipline & Years of Experience
• Reluctant to use new technologies• Time consuming to learn• Do not know they exist
• Concern about privacy & desire to limit shared data
ADVOCACY
LimitationsTo
Adoption
“…confusion about the varying requirements of data security between social scientist and sciences. Social science researchers need processing of private or constrained data.”
Not
So
Hot!
(CONNAWAY & DICKEY, 2010, 5)
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Lack of Integration in Research and Practice
LACK OF INTEGRATION• Research, practice & education differ
• Research• Based in computer science• Future-thinking
• Practice• Operational libraries• Present-thinking• Little research involved• Diverse
• Education• Lag behind both practice and
research• Concepts taught vary greatly
"Mostly, the existing rationale for digital library education, if offered at all, is reactive, meaning that education reacts with a time lag to both research and practical developments in digital libraries.”
(SARACEVIC & DALBELLO, 2001)
THEY DON’T MEET IN THE MIDDLE…YET.
Not
So
Hot!
Lack of integration
The world’s libraries. Connected.
What’s Next?
• What is available in digital format?
• Who are the users?
• Who are we educating
• Archivists/curators
• Librarians
• Computer scientists
• How do we integrate resources & encourage the different user groups to interact & support each others’ needs?
• Data reuse
The world’s libraries. Connected.
What’s Next?
• How do people discover the resources?
• Metadata
• Who creates?
• From whose perspective?
• Are the resources accessible?
• Limited to specific campuses, organizations, or institutions?
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• Center for Primary Research Training. (2012, May 2). Center for primary research and training opportunities. Retrieved from UCLA Library: Department of Special Collections web site: http://www.library.ucla.edu/specialcollections/researchlibrary/9613.cfm
• Chen, A. (2012). Interactive map traces slaves’ path to emancipation. The Chronicle of Higher Education, (2012, June 12). Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/interactive-map-traces-slaves-path-to-emancipation/36729?sid=wc&utm_source=wc&utm_medium=en
• Connaway, L. S., & Dickey, T. J. (2010). Towards a profile of the researcher of today: What can we learn from JISC projects? Common themes identified in an analysis of JISC Virtual Research Environment and Digital Repository Projects. Retrieved from http://ie-repository.jisc.ac.uk/418/2/VirtualScholar_themesFromProjects_revised.pdf
• Darnton, R. (2009). On the ropes? Robert Darnton’s case for books. Publishers Weekly, 256(37), http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/20090914/451-on-the-ropes-robert-darnton-s-case-for-books-.html
• Dempsey, L. (2011, August 17). The ILS, the digital library and the research library [Web log]. Retrieved from http://orweblog.oclc.org/archives/002188.html
References
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• Lee, J. (2012). Brain Hive debuts on-demand digital library for schools. Betakit, (June 4). Retrieved from http://betakit.com/2012/06/04/brain-hive-debuts-on-demand-digital-library-for-schools
• Lesk, M. (1997). Practical digital libraries: Books, bytes & bucks. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
• Saracevic, T., & Dalbello, M. (2001). A survey of digital library education. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 38, 209-223.
• Waters, D. J. (2007). What are digital libraries? In D. Kresh (Ed.), The whole digital library handbook (pp. 5-7). Chicago: American Library Association.
• Williford, C., & Henry, C. (2012). One culture: Computationally intensive research in the humanities and social studies: A report on the experiences of first respondents to the digging into data challenge. Washington, DC: Council on Library and Information Resources.
References