ASTRON is part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) XMM-Newton: the next decade, May 2016
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Synergy with new radio facilities: from LOFAR to SKA
Raffaella Morganti
ASTRON (NL) and Kapteyn Institute (Groningen)
Friday, 13 May 16
New generation radio telescopes
Major new capabilities of radio telescopes:
★ large field of view
★ broad instantaneous band
★ fast response
Commensality of the observations ➜ allow a variety of different science using one pointing
New possibilities for the science ➜ but huge datasets and need for pipelines
Availability of ancillary data very important! Coordination with other facilities/telescopes essential for success
Many sq deg in one pointing! with high spatial resolution
HI over large redshift, spectral properties, magnetism
Transient events
Friday, 13 May 16
New Radio Facilities Frequencies Surveys? Status
LOFAR North 40 - 200 MHz Yes Operational Cycle 6
Apertif-WSRT North 1.15 - 1.7 GHz Yes Close to completion Commissioning
MWA South 74 - 230 MHz Yes Operational
ASKAP South 0.7 - 1.8 GHz Yes Close to completion Commissioning
MeerKAT South 00.6 – 1.0 GHz 1.0 – 1.7 GHz
Large areas, famous fields
Close to completion Commissioning
Square Kilometre Array - SKA
HI
HI
HI
Friday, 13 May 16
Some new (low spatial resolution) surveys
Frequencies
Resolution
Web site References
MSSS: Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS)- LOFAR
150 MHz http://vo.astron.nl/ Heald et al. 2015
http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.01257
GLEAM: The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey
150MHz
2.5arcmin
http://mwatelescope.org/astronomers/public-data-release
http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.06041Wayth, et al. 2015
TGSS - GMRT 150MHz
~25 arcsec
http://tgssadr.strw.leidenuniv.nl/doku.php http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.04368
Intema et al. 2016
Observations often taken in different epochs to enable also search for transients
Friday, 13 May 16
The LOw Frequency ARray
• Transients Key Science Project ➜ PIs: Rob Fender, Ben Stappers, Ralph Wijers
• Imaging surveys Key Science Project ➜ PI: Huub Rottgering
• Unique because:
38 stations in NL spread over ~100 km 12 international stations
➜ high spatial resolution (arcsec to subarcsec) at low freq (~40-200 MHz) and large field of view
High Band Antenna Low Band Antenna
Friday, 13 May 16
LOFAR imaging SURVEYS• PI: Huub Rottgering (Leiden)
co-I: Miley, Brugger, Brunetti, Best, Morganti, Jackson, White, Jarvis, Conway, Chyzy, Barthel, Lehnert
• Goals @ 150MHz: all northern sky, 8h per pointing, 5” images with 100 µJy/beam noise
• Entering production mode (leading the data reduction: Tim Shimwell, Leiden)
➜ where are we now? relatively easy to reach 20” HBA (@150MHz), major progress on the pipeline to reach higher resolutions; LBA (~60MHz) more difficult (calibration issues)
• synergy with (slow)transients ➜ more than one observation per pointing in different epochs
Friday, 13 May 16
Example of the Boötes field at 150MHz with 5” resolution
Williams et al. MNRAS 2016 astro-ph/1605.01531
One pointing: 6546 sources detected over
an area of 19deg2
~4 d
egre
es
Some of the famous fields first targets for LOFAR
A number of famous fields done: Lockman Hole (Mahony et al.), HETDEX (Shimwell et al.), XMM-LSS (Best et al.), Herschel-ATLAS (Hardcastle et al.) etc.
Friday, 13 May 16
Energetics of radio galaxies: combining X-ray and low-frequencies spectral information
X-ray providing an indipendent way to derive the magnetic field strength (for IC process)
➜ need constraints for spectrum at low frequencies (seeds electrons)
radio obs
synchrotron
IC-CMB
X-ray obs
SSC3C452
3C223N
Harwood et al. 2016 MNRAS arXiv:1603.04438
The total lobe energy density is greater than previous estimates
LOFAR @ 150MHz
Characterise the entire radio galaxy/starburst population (not only the most powerful radio galaxies!)
Morganti, Hardcastle, Rottgering et al. Friday, 13 May 16
Clusters and cluster relics
Duy Hoang et al. in prep
Abell 2034, Shimwell et al. 2016 astro-ph/1603.06591
Searching for new clusters and cluster relics
Brugger, Brunetti, Rottgering et al. Friday, 13 May 16
LOFAR transients (http://www.transientskp.org/)
•in imaging ➜ slow transients, fast transients (still to come)
• AARTFAAC (will send real-time alert, PI: Ralph Wijers )
Amsterdam—ASTRON Radio Transients Facility and Analysis Centre
http://www.aartfaac.org all sky monitor at low spatial resolution
•in time-domain ➜ e.g. pulsars
•Transients Key Science project ➜ PI Rob Fender, Ben Stappers, Ralph Wijersall time-variable astronomical radio sources, including pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts, X-ray binaries, radio supernovae, flare stars, exo-planets.
Including a Multi-Messenger Follow-Up Working Group
soon we will be able to trigger from radio transients and accurate locate their positions
Friday, 13 May 16
AARTFAAC&–&a&real,-me&sky&monitor&
Credit:&Mark&Kuiack&Prasad&et&al.&(2014),&Cendes&et&al.&(in&prep)&
PI Ralph Wijers
Friday, 13 May 16
The$first$low$frequency$transient$(LOFAR$NCP)$
0h1h2hRight Ascension (J2000)
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2011-12-24 04:18:05
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2011-12-24 04:48:05
23h
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Stewart$et$al.$(2015)$Frequency$57$MHz$DuraIon$~4$minutes$
Friday, 13 May 16
• Fast transients: responsive telescope needed
• No movable parts, MWA already fast response but low spatial resolution, LOFAR not so fast yet (day?) preparing for real time alert!
GRB, FRB, GW Explore a range of different timescales for triggered transient searches with LOFAR
from Antonia Rowlinson
Friday, 13 May 16
Kaplan,'Rowlinson'et'al.'(2015)'
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Time Since GRB (s)
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2015 April 24 Time (UT)
GC
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XRT
UV
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EE
Short'GRB'150424A'(MWA'triggered'observaCon)'
• 26'seconds'aFer'GRB'• 10'seconds'aFer'VOEvent'• RedshiF'>'0.7'
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150Frequency (MHz)
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4s2min30minPshirkov & PostnovTotaniUsov & Katz
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Limits on prompt radio emission from Short GRB 150424A
Observa(ons started 26s a.er the GRB occurred (10s a.er the alert was received)
A telescope with no moving parts no slew =me limita=ons
Kaplan, Rowlinson et al. (2015)
LOFAR&follow+up&of&GW&150914&
• Mosaic&of&8&SAPs&at&
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bandwidth&of&11.9&
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• ResoluFon&50”&• RMS&noise&~2.5&mJy&
and&>2000&sources&
• Contours:&cWB&
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• Timescales&of&1&week,&
1&month&and&3&months&
GRB, FRB, GW
Antonia Rowlinson et al. Friday, 13 May 16
X-ray dim, un-pulsed
X-ray bright, pulsed
Radio bright
Pulsar magnetospheric mode switchingHermsen et al. 2013, Science
Radio dim
“B-Mode”
“Q-Mode”
Discovery of correlated radio/X-ray mode switching
XMM+LOFAR+GMRT
Indicating global changes to the conditions in the magnetosphereFriday, 13 May 16
➜
Possibilities at GHz frequencies ‣ New instruments: Apertif (NL), ASKAP (Aus), Meerkat (SA)
‣ Apertif (FoV~8 sqdeg, PIs: T. Oosterloo, M. Verheijen) complementary to LOFAR for continuum and for transients
‣ Search for HI
Apertif system @ WSRT z = 0.44 HI
Allison et al. (2015; arXiv:1503.01265)
example from ASKAP
Friday, 13 May 16
traced by X-ray ➜ winds from accretion disks (Tombesi et al., Pounds et al., see Cappi talk tomorrow)
traced on larger scale by HI absorption?
➜ large HI absorption surveys may provide targets of outflows for X-ray follow-up
Case of Mrk231 Tom
bes
i et
al. 2
012
Morganti et al. 2016
AGN-driven outflows Feruglio et al. 2015
21cm HI absorption
~1300 km/s
Friday, 13 May 16
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Square Kilometre Array (SKA1)
• combines all capabilities (and more) of the pathfinders with extra sensitivity
• ongoing preparatory negotiation for Intergovernmental Organisation
How will the time allocation work? Key Science Projects and based on the contribution of the countries
SKA low - WAustralia
SKA high - South Africa
http://pos.sissa.it/cgi-bin/reader/conf.cgi?confid=215Advancing Astrophysics with the Square Kilometre Array
Friday, 13 May 16
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Conclusions
•SKA 1 is coming: more opportunities, involvement in the preparation of the surveys is welcome!
• Many new possibilities with the present/upcoming radio facilities• New large surveys in continuum and line• Transients ➜ in the future we will have a “two-ways” synergy
•A better coordination between radio and X-ray (and in particular XMM) observations may result in larger and less biased samples of interesting objects and provide an important synergy valuable to both communities
Friday, 13 May 16
