SYNHRONOUS TRANSMISSION OFC

WELCOME TO PRESENTATION ONNEXT GENERATION SDH

ARVIND

Agenda

Migration to NGN SDHPre SDH & SDH ReviewMarket & Technology Drivers

NGN SDH – OverviewVirtual Concatenation (VCAT)

Page 2 May 2007 SPCNL / SLW / SCM TRCopyright Siemens Public Communication Networks (Pvt.) Ltd., 2007. All rights reserved.

Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)Link Capacity Adjustment scheme (LCAS)Generic Framing Procedure

Future SDH TechnologiesSiemens NGN SDH Products

PDH Bit rates


PDH Multiplexing Structure


Tributary Access


Tributary Access


No Common Standard


Synchronisation


Point to Point Networks


Developing Networks


Pre SDH Summary : Limitations of PDH Network

Traffic Add DropInter vendor operabilityBandwidth Utilisation of Transmission MediaSynchronisationEfficient Network Management


Efficient Network Management

SDH Definition


Advantages of SDH


Notes on SDH Rates


SONET


× 4

× 1STM-16 AUG-16 VC-4-16c

VC-4-4c

STM-64 AUG-64

× 1STM-4 C-4-4c

C-4-16c

× 1× 1STM-256 VC-4-256c C-4-256c

× 1VC-4-64c C-4-64c

AUG-4

× 4AU-4-256c

AU-4-64c

AU-4-16c

AU-4-4c

AUG-256

× 1

× 4× 1

× 1


T1540590-00(108449)

C-11VC-11TU-11

× 1

× 3× 3 × 1

× 1

× 3

× 4

× 7 × 7

STM-1 AUG-1 AU-4 VC-4

AU-3 VC-3

C-4

C-3

C-2

C-12

VC-3

VC-2

VC-12

TU-3

TU-2

TU-12

TUG-2

TUG-3

× 4

STM-0

× 1

× 1

AligningMapping

Pointer processingMultiplexing

SDH / PDH Rates

SDH140 Mbit/s34 Mbit/s

Nx45 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s45Mbit/s 32 Mbit/s

400 Mbit/sPDH

Level 4

Level 3

STM64 10Gbit/s STM16 2,48Gbit/s


34 Mbit/s8 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s

45Mbit/s6,3 Mbit/s1,5 Mbit/s

32 Mbit/s6,3 Mbit/s1,5 Mbit/s

PDHEUROPE

PDHJAPAN

PDH NOTH AMERICA

Level 1

Level 3

Level 2STM4 620Mbit/sSTM1 155Mbit/s

STM16 2,48Gbit/s

ETSI Multiplexing structure

139 264Kb/sC-4

C-3VC-3 44 736Kb/s34 368Kb/s

x 7

x 3

x 1

x 1x NSTM-N AU-4 VC-4

TU-3POH processing

SOH

TUG-3

AU-G

POH

POH

Pointer

Pointer POH


x 3

X 1

VC-12 C-12

VC-11

VC-2

C-11

2 048Kb/s

1 544Kb/s

Pointer processingMultiplexing

MappingAligning

TU-2

TU-12

TUG-2

POH

POH

POH

Pointer

Pointer

The STM1 Frame

VC-12TU-12

TUG-2

PTrVC-123 time

TU-12TU-12 TU-12

7 time

POH

C-12C-12


TUG-3

STM-1

VC-4

AU-4

7 time

TUG-2

TUG-3 TUG-3

TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2 TUG-2

3 time

PTrAU-4 TUG-3

SOHSOH

1 time

POH

Basic SDH frameSTM1 linear structure

32 bytes /125µs

2430 bytes /125µs

1st line 2nd line 3rd line 4th line 5th line 6th line 7th line 8th line 9th line

2M


SOH

STM1

PointerSOH

Transmission data carried by a VC4 (payload)

Basic STM1 frame ITU-T structure

Pointer

SOH (Payload)

9 rows


SOH

9 Columns270 Columns

261 Columns

Path and section

26

1

2 Mbit/sSectionVC12 path


3452 Mbit/s

Two types of section:Regenerator : (RSOH) Multiplexing : (MSOH)

RSOH RSOHRSOHRSOH

STM Overhead


Regenerator

Section

MSOH MSOH

Multiplexing

Section

Regenerator

SectionRegenerato

rSection

The situation

The economic situation in the Telecom Industry has changed...


...and so has the technological approach to meet new challenges!

The future - as seen in 2000

SONET/SDHNetwork

SONET/SDH for VOICEServices

Seen Status

Future Network


One new network for both applications!

LAN

Fully RoutedOptical IPNetwork

Optical IP for DATAServices

Future Network

The Status Today

SDH/ SONET - is the deployed technology in the core network with huge investments in capacity!Ethernet - is the dominant technology of choice at LANs and well known at all enterprises worldwide!Data traffic is still growing, but only at a slower speed than expected


All network topologies focusing on a IP/Ethernet ONLYapproach are shifted to long-term future.

The future today: Bring SONET/SDH and Ethernet together!

New Customer Applications

Virtual Private Network(VPN)

Core Network

LAN LANPC

ServerEthernet


Storage Area Network (SAN)

Edge Network

Core Network

Storage Server

SONET/SDHFibre Channel

Bringing it all together?

CoreOperator wants:• Reduce Opex• Realize revenue-earning services• Use bandwidth of Core Network X

Customer expects:• QoS & BW at low costs• Native Data Interfaces• Use & Improve what he knows!

LANVoice


Edge• Use bandwidth of Core Network• Low investment immediate ROI• Close the edge bottleneck!

XSAN

Solution:Make SONET/SDH flexible & data aware at the edge and

still use the existing core!

EdgeManufacturer needs:• ...to develop solutions...fast!

Worldwide Optical Network Equipment Market

10,000.0

12,000.0

14,000.0

16,000.0

18,000.0

Mi

llions

of U.

S. Do

llars

NewGenTraditional SDH/SONET


0.0

2,000.0

4,000.0

6,000.0

8,000.0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year

Millio

ns of

U.S.

Dolla

rs

Traditional SDH/SONET

Source: Gartner

Mass market Carrier Class marketAsynchronous Synchronous

Ethernet vs. SONET/SDH

Ethernet SONET / SDH


Dynamic Bandwidth Fixed Bandwidth Connection less Connection orientedBest Effort Service High Quality of Service

How to solve all these challenges?

NNewewSSDH / DH / SSONETONET

OOverviewverviewOOverviewverview

Going into Details

Campus AEthernet

SONET/ SDHSONET/ SDH

Campus B

EthernetFICON


Optical CoreOptical CoreNetworkNetwork

Remote Servers

Storage Servers

Fibre Channel

SONET/SDHSONET/SDHDWDMDWDM

SONET/ SDH

Let‘s zoom in!Core NE Edge NE

SONE

T MU

X/DEM

UX

Native

Inter

faces

New SONET/SDH at the Edge

?VC LCASGFPEthernetFicon

Edge CoreAdaptationCustomer Operator


SONET/SDH/OTN

SONE

T MU

X/DEM

UX

Native

Inter

faces ?

That’s “ New SONET/SDH “

VirtualConcatenationLink Capacity Adjustment Scheme

Generic Frame ProcedureLAPS

FiconEscon

Fibre Channel

Customer needs Ethernet

Typical Ethernet Traffic

Connections

10075

Mbit/s

Problem: How can we efficiently transport Ethernet over an existing SONET/SDH network?

Customer 3 = 100M

Customer 2 = 60M


Connections2550

time1 2 3 4

Ethernet Packet

Example: For 10M available SDH - Containers are...VC-12 ...too small !

2.176 Mbit/sVC-3 ... inefficient

20%48.38 Mbit/s

OR

Customer 1 = 10M

SDH Line Rates

10 M

Transport 10M Ethernet over SDH?

C-11 1.600 Mbit/sC-12 2.176 Mbit/sC-2 6.784 Mbit/sC-3 48.384 Mbit/sC-4 149.760 Mbit/s

SDH Payload Sizes

Standard Containers are inefficient!

?5x


C-4-4c 0.599 Gbit/sC-4-16c 2.396 Gbit/sC-4-64c 9.584 Gbit/sC-4-256c 38.338 Gbit/s

Contiguous ConcatenationContiguous Concatenationonly large containers!

Can’t 5 x VC-12 be concatenated?

VVirtualirtualCConcatenationoncatenation

VC-n-X v

Concatenation?Contiguous ConcatenationOffers concatenated payloads in fixed, large stepsOne towing truck (POH) for all containersAll containers are on one path thru the network

C4 C4 C4 C4


C-4-4c 599.040 Mbit/sC-4-16c 2.396 Gbit/sC-4-64c 9.584 Gbit/sC-4-256c 38.338 Gbit/s

Contiguous ConcatenationVirtual ConcatenationOffers structures in a fine granularityEvery container has its own towing truck (POH)Every container might take a different path

VC-4-4vVC-4 #1VC-4 #2VC-4 #3VC-4 #4

VC-4-4c

VC Nomenclature

VC-nVirtual Container n

n=4, 3, 2, 12, 11

-XNumber of

virtually

vIndictor for

Virtual


n=4, 3, 2, 12, 11Defines the type of virtual containers, which will be virtually concatenated.

virtuallyconcatenated

containersAll X Virtual Containers

form together the “Virtual Concatenated

Group” (VCG)

Virtual Concatenation

v = virtual concatenationc = contiguous concatenation

Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers!

High and Low Order VC

VC-4

High Order Virtual Concatenation• refers to virtually concatenated...

VC-3 containers


VC-11VC-12VC-2

Low Order Virtual Concatenation• refers to virtually concatenated...

containers

VCG GranularityMinimum

VCGs:VC-4-1v Payload Size 149,76 Mbit/sVC-4-2v Payload Size 299,52 Mbit/s

VC-4-Xv Granularity

VC-4Example High Order VC:VC-4 Container Size 150,3 Mbit/sVC-4 Payload Size 149,76 Mbit/s


VCG Payload Capacity

Maximum

VC-4-2v Payload Size 299,52 Mbit/sVC-4-7v Payload Size 1048,3 Mbit/s

VC-4-256v Payload Size 38338 Mbit/s

MinimumVCG GranularityVCGs:

VC-12-1v Payload Size 2,176 Mbit/sVC-12-2v Payload Size 4,352 Mbit/s

VC-12-Xv Granularity

Example Low Order VC:VC-12 Container Size 2,240 Mbit/sVC-12 Payload Size 2,176 Mbit/s

VC-12


VC-12-2v Payload Size 4,352 Mbit/s

VCG Payload Capacity

Maximum



VC Granularity and max. Capacity Nomenclature Granularity Max. Capacity VC-4 –n v 149 M

- 38.3G

VC-3 –n v 48 M - 12.7 G

VC-4

VC-3


VC-12 –n v 2.2 M - 139 M

VC-12

Maximum Concatenation: = 256 containersMax. Capacity: = 256 x granularity

VC Rate Efficiencies

Ethernet (10M) VC3 20% VC-12-5v 92%Fast Ethernet (100M) VC-4 67% VC-12-46v 100%

Data Rates Efficiency w/o VC using VC

ESCON (200M) VC-4-4c 33% VC-3-4v 100%Fibre Channel (800M) VC-4-16c 33% VC-4-6v 89%


100M Ethernet STM-1= 64 x VC-12VC-12-5v

VC-12-46v

2x 10M Ethernet VC-12-5v8x E1 ServicesExample:

More services integrated- by using VC!

Gigabit Ethernet (1G) VC-4-16c 42% VC-4-7v 85%

Transporting Concatenated SignalsContiguous Concatenation

VC-4-4c

C-4 C-4 C-4 C-4

C-4 C-4 C-4 C-4

NENEOne Path

C-4 C-4 C-4 C-4

Core Network


VC-4-2v

Virtual Concatenation

VC-4 #2

VC-4 #1

VC-4 #1

Path 2

Path 1

VC-4 #2

Differential Delay

VC-4 #2

VC-4 #1

VC-4 #2

VC-4 #1

VC-4-4cCore Network

Virtual Concatenation - Benefits

VC

EconomicalRe-use core network equipment invest only at the edge

Efficient & Scalable

Fine granularity & multi-path capability


VCBENEFITS

Well-knownSONET/SDH is well

engineered & reliable & trained

Low Investmentdeployment only on customer demand Fast ROI

Challenges ahead...How can path bandwidth be increased or decreased?

Dynamic Bandwidth Provisioning “..bring an additional truck on the road..”

VC-3 #1VC-3 #2VC-3 #?


VC-4 #1VC-4 #3FAILED

How can we ensure QoS for data services? VCG - Protection one VC container fails - the whole Virtual

Concatenation Group (VCG) fails!

Bandwidth on demand

Bandwidth “Call-by-Call”

NG NG

Network Management

VC-12-3vLCAS


Transport Network

NG NGISPCustomer’s LAN

Customer rents a 6M Internet connection (VC-12-3v) calls to get additional 2M!Operator will provision additional VC-12 path ..and will hitless add it to existing connection via LCAS!

+VC-12LCAS

Bandwidth on demandBandwidth on Schedule

Transport NetworkNG NG100M 100M

900M900M

100M

900M


Location A Location B

Offer a fixed bandwidth schedule:24/7 - Virtual Local Area Network service at 100M EthernetEvery night for one hour - additional 900M ESCON service for data backup New revenue opportunities at low traffic hours!

900M900M 900M

Bandwidth on demand

Ethernet Traffic

1st VC-122nd VC-123rd VC-12

Variable VCG capacity

Automatic Bandwidth Allocation - pay as you grow!


t1 2 3 4VCG capacity

Automatic Bandwidth Allocation:Automatically, pre-provisioned VC capacity will be activatedNo paid, but unused link capacity for the customer Customized SLA possible! Optimal bandwidth for the customer for min. $$ New revenues with pay per use & over-subscription!

LLinkinkCCapacityapacityAAdjustmentdjustmentAAdjustmentdjustmentSSchemecheme

Los Angeles

Seattle

Dallas

Washington

Chicago

San FranciscoSan Jose

Atlanta

New YorkBoston

Kansas CityDenverColumbus

Los Angeles

Seattle

Dallas

Washington

Chicago


Atlanta

New YorkBoston


Location B

Bandwidth Provisioning - today


Houston OrlandoHouston OrlandoLocation A

50Mbit/s Ethernet Private Line (VC-3-1v/ STS-1-1v)The customer now requires 100Mbit/s

But: Traffic will be interrupted to bring 100M into service!!

Operator manually sets up a 2nd path using the network management system 100M = VC-3-2v / STS-1-2v

LCAS Overview

LinkCapacity

Adjustment

Extension for Virtual Conc. carried in H4/K4 byte

Add/Remove bandwidth uninterrupted


AdjustmentScheme

End-to-endReal-Time

CommunicationStandardized ITU-T G.7042, referred by ANSI

HandshakeProtocolbetween edge NE

Los Angeles

Seattle

Dallas

Washington

Chicago


Atlanta

New YorkBoston


Los Angeles

Seattle

Dallas

Washington

Chicago


Atlanta

New YorkBoston


LCAS - Add Bandwidth hitless

Location BNE

NE


Houston OrlandoHouston Orlando

Operator manually provisions add. 50M path

Location AOperator installs VC & LCAS edge equipment

LCAS protocol runs between the two edge NE!NE negotiate - when the additional path gets valid and into service!

LCAS Succeeds A connection with 100M is in service!

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCAS

Cost EfficientNew NE necessary

only at the edgeTransparent to

core network

Enables Value added servicesBandwidth on demand”Soft” Protection99.999% up-time


LCASBENEFITS

Flexible & scalableOffers variable VC bandwidth in real-time!

RestorationVirtual Concatenation

link protection & recovery

Challenges aheadEfficient & suited mappings for all diverse data clients! “...one mapping fits all...?!?”

SONET/SDH


Rate adaptation between asynchronous clients and synchronous transport network

Asynchronous Rates Synchronous

Rates

GGenericenericFFrameramePProcedurerocedurePProcedurerocedure

SONE

T MU

X/DEM

UX

Native

Inter

faces

New SONET/SDH at the Edge

?VC LCASGFPEthernetFicon

Edge CoreAdaptationCustomer Operator


SONET/SDH

SONE

T MU

X/DEM

UX

Native

Inter

faces ?

That’s “ New SONET/SDH “

VirtualConcatenationLink Capacity Adjustment Scheme

Generic Frame ProcedureLAPS

FiconEscon

Fibre Channel

GFP Overview

GenericFrame

Data En-capsulationfor various services

Rate Adaptation Mechanism


FrameProcedure

Asynch.clients over synchronous networks

Standardized ITU-T G.7041

referred by ANSI

SANs

FICON

ESCO

N

Ethernet

DVI

HDLCFrame Relay POS

DATA (IP, IPX, MPLS,...)

RPR

Fibre C

hannel

Voice Video

PrivateLines

The Big picture


ATM

HDLC

Fiber

GFP-T

SONET/SDHWDM / OTN

GFP-FGFP

GFP - Layer Model

GFP - Client Specific Aspects (payload dependent)GFP - Common Aspects

Ethernet IP/PPP Fibre Channel OthersClients

GFPFrame Mapped Transparent Mapped

ESCON


GFP - Common Aspects (payload independent)SONET/SDH VC-n Path OTN ODUk Path Others(e.g. Fibre)Transport

Generic Frame ProcedureG.7041 Generic Frame Procedure defines

Client encapsulation - for transport over SONET/SDH or OTN networks

Frame formats - for various clients Mapping Procedures - for client signals into GFP


Why do we need a new framing procedure? simple and scalable traffic adaptation for different

transport rates flexible approach for data transmission which requires stringent

delay, QoS

SStructure tructure ooffGGFP FP -- FFramesramesGGFP FP -- FFramesrames

Core Header

GFP Frame Overview

Client Payload Field

Payload Headers gives typeof client and supports client specific management procedures Includes CRC detection & correction Length 4 to 64 byte

PayloadHeaders

Core Header contains the length of the payload area and start of frame info and CRC-16 error detection & correction Length 4 byte


PayloadArea

8 bit

GFP Payload Area transports higher layer specific information Length 4 to 65535 byte

Client Payload Field contains client frames (GFP-F) orclient characters (GFP-T)

ClientPayloadInformation

Optional Payload FCS protects the client payload information field CRC-32 Length 4 byte

OptionalPayload FCS

GFP gets scrambled before transmission!

GGFP FP --OOperationperationMModesodesMModesodes

GFP Operation Modes

GFP-T (Transparent Mapped): Client characters are directly mapped in GFP-T

00GFP-F (Framed Mapped): For packet oriented clients, e.g. Ethernet One Client Packet = packed in one GFP frame (1:1)Minimal overhead


GFP IDLE Frame: Rate Adaptation (“stuffing”)GFP Management Frame: under study

Client characters are directly mapped in GFP-T frames e.g. Fibre Channel Fixed length GFP framesMinimal Latency

GFP Operation Modes

1GigE

GFP-FFrame by Frame

GFPEthernet FrameGFP GFP GFP EthGFPGFP Eth. Framevariable


GFP-T

1GigE IDLELE EthEth. Frame IDLEEthernet Frame

TransparentGFP TransparentGFP TransparentGFP GFP

GFP GFP Header or IDLE frames

Block by Block

fixedGFP

GFP-F Client vs. Transport Rate

Variable Client RateGFP-FMbit/s

FIFOIDLEs

+Mappe

Constant Transport RateMbit/s


t OGFP-F Mapper

+er tGFP-F IDLEs

ClientEthernetFast EthernetGigabit EthernetIPPPP

GFP-T Client vs. Transport Rate

MappDecoder/ Coder

100+x %

GFP-TMbit/s

Constant Client Data Rate

100 %Mbit/s

Constant Transport Rate


GFP-T Mapper

per/ Coder

tEffective Payload

Client IDLEsFibre ChannelESCONFICONGigabit Ethernet10 GigEAnything!

tGFP Overhead

Effective PayloadClient IDLEs

Generic Frame Procedure

GFP

ReliableEasy & stabile algorithmHeader Correction

Expandable with no need for

new transport equipment


GFPBENEFITS

New Opportunities

Technological & Economical

Compatibleworks with basically any higher layer service and lower layer network!

Granularity at VC12 level in Switch Matrix to ensure compactness and effective use of container capacity.

DCC Transparency to ensure Network management in Multi Vendor Environment

Open interface for NMS - CORBA

Additional issues – for New GEN. SDH


TThank hank yyou!ou!TThank hank yyou!ou!

Date post:	12-Jan-2017
Category:	Engineering
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SYNHRONOUS TRANSMISSION OFC

Engineering