Synthesis of nanosilver particles by reverse micelle method and

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Synthesis of nanosilver particles by reversemicelle method and study of their bactericidalpropertiesTo cite this article Tran Thi Ngoc Dung et al 2009 J Phys Conf Ser 187 012054

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Synthesis of nanosilver particles by reverse micelle method and study of their bactericidal properties

Tran Thi Ngoc Dung1 Ngo Quoc Buu1 Dang Viet Quang1 Huynh Thi Ha2 Le Anh Bang1 Nguyen Hoai Chau1 Nguyen Thi Ly1 and Nguyen Vu Trung3 1 Institute of Environmental Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road Cau Giay Distr Hanoi Vietnam 2 Institute of Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road Cau Giay Distr Hanoi Vietnam 3 National Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases 1 Ton That Tung Dong Da Distr Hanoi Vietnam

E-mail ttndzungyahoocom buu_nqyahoocom Abstract Nanosilver particles have been synthesized by the reverse micelle method where AgNO3 was used as a silver ions source NaBH4 and quercetin - as reducing agents CTAB SDOSS and AOT- as surfactants while the stabilizer was Vietnamese chitosan Studying the factors influencing the process of nanosilver particle formation it was shown that the particle size of the nanosilver products depends on the concentration of the reaction components and their stoichiometric ratio It was also shown that the reaction system using AOT surfactant is capable of producing nanosilver particles with smallest nanoparticles (φav ~ 5 nm) and good particle-size distribution The study on bactericidal activity of the nanosilver products indicated that the disinfecting solution with a nanosilver concentration of 3 ppm was able to inhibit all Ecoli and Coliforms TPC and fungi at 15 ppm while Vibrio cholerae cells were inactivated completely with 05 ppm of nanosilver after 30 minutes exposition

Keywords Reverse micelle nanosilver AOT antibacterial agent

1 Introduction Among inorganic antibacterial agents silver has been employed most extensively since ancient times to fight infections and control spoilage Catalytic oxidation by metallic silver and reaction with dissolved monovalent silver ion probably contribute to its microbicidal effect [1] Microbes are unlikely to develop resistance against silver as they do against narrow-target antibiotics because the metal attacks many targets in the organisms which means that they would have to develop a host of mutations simultaneously to protect themselves [2 3] Thus at present silver ion is being widely used for disinfection especially due to the advances in nanotechnology which make possible the delivery of ionic silver during disinfection process [3-6]

For these reasons we studied the synthesis of nanosilver for disinfection purposes using reverse micelle systems as one of the simplest methods for nanosilver production and its antibacterial activity

Watercarbohydrate reverse microemulsions in the presence of a surfactant are used as a microreactor for synthesizing nanoparticles from different metals such as Au Ag Cu Zn and Fe In a solvent different micelle can be formed under different conditions [7-10] as shown in figures 1 and 2 From figure 2 it can be seen that the formation of micelles depends on the geometrical ratio P So to obtain a reverse micelle emulsion it is necessary to have P gt1 [8 9]

APCTPndashASEAN Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology (AMSN08) IOP PublishingJournal of Physics Conference Series 187 (2009) 012054 doi1010881742-65961871012054

ccopy 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd 1

Figure 1 Different forms of micellae in a watersurfactantcarbohydrate system [7 8] Figure 2 Structure of a surfactant and influence of its geometrical parameters on the micellar formation [9]

The procedure of nanosilver preparation can be done by using reverse micelle method as follows

Micellar solutions are produced by successively mixing silver nitrate water solution and water solution of a reductant with surfactant in a solvent Then the reductant-containing microemulsion is added to the silver nitrate -containing microemulsion while stirring vigorously for two hours

The exchange of the solubles (AgNO3 and NaBH4) between the micelles takes place according to the following stages 1) diffusion process of the micelles resulting in their collision 2) destruction of certain parts of surfactant layer (CTAB or AOT) around the micelles 3) diffusion exchange of the solubles in the micelles 4) formation of new micelles with appearance of nanosilver particle therein [9-11]

These stages are illustrated in figure 3 where the third one was approved to be the slowest and thus the limiting stage and considerably depending on the speed of stirring In a triple component system ldquocarbohydrate ndash water ndash surfactantrdquo the solubility ratio ω ([H2O]mol [Surfactant]mol) is a crucial factor for the formation of nano-sized silver particles [9]

Figure 3 Stages of the nanosilver particles formation in reverse micelles [10]

Figure 4 illustrates the influence of the solubility ratio on the size of water micelle in a triple system

ldquoHexan ndash H2O ndash AOTrdquo where one can see that diameter of a water micelle increases with increasing of solubility ratio

OIL

WATER OIL WATER WATER

Normal micelle

Reverse micelle

Double-layer membrane

Micellar vesicle

lav

P=

ℓ v ndash lengh and volume of the hydrophobic tail a ndash cross-section of the hydrophilic head P lt 1 normal micelle P gt 1 reverse micelle P ~ 1 double-layer membrane or vesicle

Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head

St2

St3 St4

St1


2

Figure 4 Diameter of water micelles depends upon the solubility ratio in system ldquoHexan- H2O- AOTrdquo [7]

Although mechanism of inhibitory action of nanosilver on microbes is not fully clear there is a lot of

proof on the bactericidal action of silver [4 5 12-14] Nanosilver can provide a control delivery of ionic silver and works in a number of ways to disrupt critical functions in an organism It has a high affinity for negatively charged side groups on biological molecules such as sulfohydryl carboxyl phosphate and other charged groups distributed throughout microbial cells This binding reaction alters the molecular structure of the macromolecule rending it worthless to the cell Silver simultaneously attacks many sites within the cell to inactivate critical physiological functions such as cell-wall synthesis membrane transport nucleic acid synthesis and translation electron transport which is important in generating energy for the cell Without these functions the microorganism is inhibited or killed Therefore at present with more and more bacteria developing resistance to antibiotic drugs the healthcare researchers began to consider nanosilver as one of the most potent antimicrobial agents

2 Experimental

21 Materials Chemicals such as silver nitrate sodium borohydride quercetin chloroform isooctan cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDOSS) were of high purity (Merk Aldrich Canto Chemical) Vietnamese β-chitozan (10 deacetylated) was provided by Institute of Chemistry VAST

Ecoli Coliforms and Vibrio cholerae were isolated from hospital pathogenous waste water while total aerobic bacteria (TPC) and fungi were isolated from air Nutrient broth Chromocult and PCA in agar medium was used to grow and maintain the bacterial cultures 22 Methods Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse micelle method using two representative reverse micelle systems AgNO3NaBH4CTABChloroform and AgNO3quercetinSDOSS(or AOT)isooctan In these systems isooctan and chloroform were used as solvent quercetin and sodium borohydride as reductant while CTAB AOT and SDOSS were used as surfactant which met the requirement of the reverse micelle formation (Pgt1)

For experiment the following solutions were prepared 1 Water silver nitrate solutions 1 M and 3 M 2 Water solutions of the reducing agents NaBH4 (01 M 10 M 15 M) and quercetin (006 M)

dissolved in 1 M NaOH solution (20 mgml) 3 01 M CTAB solution in chloroform 4 01 M SDOSS and 01 M AOT solutions in isooctan 5 Water solution of β-chitosan 05 In the first system to restrict the nanoparticle aggregation a stabilizing agent should be introduced into

solution during the nanoparticle formation Figure 5 illustrated the formation of an anti-agglomeration layer around a nanosilver cluster in a system AgNO3NaBH4CTABCHCl3 using thiolglycerin as a stabilizing agent [7]

ω = [H2O][AOT]

Wat

er m

icel

le d

iam

eter

nm

H2O

HEXAN

AOT


3

Figure 5 Thiolglycerin stabilizes nanosilver particle against aggregation in a reverse micelle system AgNO3NaBH4CTABCHCl3

As mentioned above another important factor which controls the parameters of nanosilver particles in

reverse micelles is to keep the molar solubility ratio (ω) as small as possible [15] To make nanosilver of better quality the two reaction systems with different constituents have been

studied A procedure for preparation of a nanosilver solution according to the reverse micelle system AgNO3NaBH4CTABchloroform could be as follows bull 05 ml of 1 M silver nitrate water solution was added to 30 ml of 01 M CTAB in chloroform bull 04 ml of 1 M NaBH4 water solution was added to 30 ml of 01 M CTAB in chloroform bull The two solutions were vigorously stirred for one hour to form reverse micelle emulsions (RMEs) bull Then the emulsions were mixed together and ultrasonic stirring was continued for 2 hours and during

this time 02 ml of 05 chitosan solution was added in order to stabilize the nanoparticles obtained

For the reverse micelle system AgNO3quercetinAOT(or SDOSS)isooctan the synthesis could be performed in a similar manner bull 01 ml of 3 M AgNO3 solution was added to 25 ml of 01 M AOT or 01 SDOSS in isooctan bull 02 ml of 006 M quercetin solution was added to 25 ml of 01 M sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate in

isooctan bull The two solutions were vigorously stirred for two hours to form RME then mixed together and

ultrasonic stirring was continued for 2-3 hours to obtain nanosilver particles

For the second reaction system according to the Russian researchers [12] due to the peculiar reducing and stabilizing properties of quercetin the use of stabilizers becomes unnecessary The same researchers confirmed that quercetin makes it possible to prepare only one quercetin-containing RME solution whereas silver nitrate water solution could be poured directly into the quercetin RME This peculiarity allows to considerably decrease the molar solubility ratio giving rise to the decrease of nanosilver particle size

The nanosilver products then underwent antibacterial activity tests To examine the bactericidal effect of nanosilver particles on Escherichia coli Coliforms TPC and fungi bacteria was incubated with nanosilver particles at concentration of 3 5 10 15 and 30 ppm for 30 minutes Then bacteria were cultured on Chromocult agar plates and colony-forming units were counted

3 Results and discussion Reaction parameters of the nanosilver formation in reverse micelles were presented in table 1 In the first system with borohydride reductant CTAB in chloroform was used as a surfactant and chitosan ndash as a stabilizer while in the second one with quercetin reductant AOT or SDOSS in isooctan was used instead of CTAB In this system a stabilizer was not required because quercetin possesses stabilizing property to keep silver nanoparticles from oxidizing and agglomeration

Ag Ag

CHLOROFORM


4

Table 1 Experimental parameters and results of preparation of nanosilver using different reverse micelle systems

a) AgNO3 NaBH4 CTAB chloroform stabilizer N0

[AgNO3] (Mml)

Rednt Stabilizer

(ml)

Surfactant Waterphase (ml)

[H2O]

[Ag] (ppm)

Remarks and

particles features NaBH4 (Mml)

CTAB (M)

CHCl3(ml) [CTAB]

1 10 04 15 04 0 0 01 808 08 55 531 Precipitate after 48 h staying φav ~

15 nm

2 10 03 15 03 Chts 02 01 811 08 75 400 φav ~10 nm good particle size

distribution stable [Ag] - maximally available nanosilver concentration Chts - chitosan concentration 05 b) AgNO3 quercetin SDOSS isooctan

N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)

Rednt Stabi lizer (ml)

Surfact-ant (M)

Iso-octan

(ml)

Water phase (ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm) Remarks and

particles features Qr 006M (ml)

[DOSS]

3C 10015 008 0 0 SDOSS 01 35 023 362 460

Slight precipitation after 24 h staying less uniform particle size distribution

φav ~ 10 nm

4F 10015 02 0 0 SDOSS 01 50 035 386 320 Stable particles more or less uniform

particle size distribution φav ~10 nm [Ag] - maximally available nanosilver concentration Qr - quercetin (006 M) c) AgNO3 quercetin AOT isooctan

N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfac tant (M)

Iso-octan (ml)

Waterphase(ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm)Remarks and

particles features Qr

006M (ml) [AOT]

5K 30006 03

0 0

AOT 01M

50 036 397 380 Stable particles after staying more uniform

particle size distribution φav ~ 5-7 nm

6I 30010 03 0 0 AOT

01M 50 040 444 640

Water silver nitrate solution was poured directly into quercetin RME and then

ultrasonically stirred Silver partly precipitated less uniform particle size

distribution φav ~ 10 nm Experimental data depicted in table 1a confirmed the stabilizing role of chitosan for the reaction

system using sodium borohydride as a reductant In experiment N01 without stabilizer a black precipitate appeared in the finished solutions after 48 hours meanwhile for the experiment using chitosan stabilizer (N02) nanosilver solutions remained transparent after staying For the system AgNO3NaBH4 CTABchloroform nanosilver particles of the best quality have been obtained by using chitosan as a stabilizer and solubility ratio ω = 75 (exp N02 table 1a) TEM image of this nanosilver product was shown in figure 6 where one can see a rather good particle-size distribution with an average size of 10 nm

Tables 1b and 1c represent the experimental data for the system AgNO3quercetinAOT (or SDOSS)isooctan The results show that using quercetin reductant it is possible to obtain nanosilver particles stable without stabilizer but in condition that the quercetin concentration should be enough comparable with that of silver nitrate (exp N034) In the case of low quercetin concentration nanoparticles can not be avoided from oxidation (exp N03) consequently a precipitate appeared in the nanosilver reverse micelle emulsion after 24 hours staying

TEM image of nanosilver particles prepared following the system AgNO3quercetin SDOSSisooctan and presented in figure 6b shows small average particle size (lt10 nm) but not uniform (exp N03) In exp


5

N04 quercetin concentration was considerably increased comparable with that of silver nitrate resulting in stable and more uniform nanoparticles

Nanosilver particles produced according to the system AgNO3quercetinAOTisooctan presented in table 1c demonstrate the higher quality of the particles with an average particle diameter 5 nm (figure 1c) in comparison with a system where reducing agent was SDOSS (table 1b) It is due to the fact that although both AOT and SDOSS have the same molecular weight (444Da) in SDOSS molecule there are two linear octyl chains but in AOT there are two branched 2-ethylhexyl groups which better fit the reverse micelle formation requirement (Pgt1)

a)AgNO3NaBH4CTABCHCl3 chitosan

b)AgNO3quercetinSDOSS isooctan

c) AgNO3quercetinAOTisooctan

Figure 6 Nanosilver particles obtained by reverse micelle method in the systems

Table 2 Bactericidal activity of the nanosilver produced by using reverse micelle method Exposition time 30 minutes

Nanosilver concentration

TPC Ecoli Coliforms Fungi

(cfuml) Inhibite () (cfuml) Inhibited

() (cfuml) Inhibited () (cfuml) Inhibited

()

Control 35 x107 22 x104 31 x104 29 x106

3 ppm 73 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

5 ppm 68 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

7 ppm 7 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 8 x 102 9997

10 ppm 6 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 11 x102 9999

15 ppm 4 x 102 99999 0 100 0 100 50 9999

The results of bactericidal activity tests were illustrated in table 2 The experimental data indicated that

Ecoli and Coliforms were totally killed in a solution with nanosilver concentration of 3 ppm after 30 minutes of exposition whereas TPC bacteria and fungi being more resistant were inactivated 9999 only at 10 ppm of nanosilver Figure 7 illustrates the antimicrobial activity of the reverse micelle nanosilver against TPC bacteria and fungi on the tile and wood surfaces respectively after being exposed 30 minutes to 10 ppm of nanosilver

a b c


6

Figure 7 TPC bacteria (a) and fungi (b) were inactivated on the tile and wood surfaces respectively after being exposed 30 minutes to 10 ppm of nanosilver

Figure 8 Influence of nanosilver concentration on the inactivation rate of Vibrio cholerae Exposition time 30 minutes

Reverse micelle nanosilver solutions of different concentration have also been tested against Vibrio cholerae bacterium Figure 8 depicted the inactivation rate of Vibrio cholerae cells depending on the silver concentration The data proved that this bacterium is very sensitive to the destructive action of nanosilver 05 ppm of nanosilver was able to inactivate completely Vibrio cholerae during 30 minutes of exposition Microscopic image on the right shows that almost Vibrio cholerae cells were destroyed in the presence of 5 ppm of nanosilver after 30 minutes of exposition

4 Conclusion Nanosilver particles have been synthesized by reverse micelle method where AgNO3 was used as a silver ions source NaBH4 and quercetin - as reducing agents CTAB SDOSS and AOT- as surfactants while for the system using sodium borohydrite as a reducing agent a stabilizer was Vietnamese chitosan Studying the factors influencing the process of nanosilver particle formation it was shown that the particle size of the nanosilver products depends on the concentration of the reaction components and their stoichiometric ratio as well as the way of their introduction into reaction mixture It was also shown that the reaction system using AOT surfactant is capable of producing nanosilver particles with smaller particles (φav ~ 5 nm) and good particle-size distribution

The study on bactericidal activity of the nanosilver products indicated that a disinfecting solution with a nanosilver concentration of 3 ppm was able to inhibit all Ecoli and Coliforms TPC and fungi at 10 ppm while Vibrio cholerae cells were inactivated completely with 05 ppm of nanosilver after 30 minutes exposition

References [1] James G V 1971 Water treatment (Cleveland OH CRC Press) p 38 [2] Elechiguerra J L Burt J L Morones J R et al 2005 Interaction of nanosilver particles with HIV- 1

J Nanobiotechnol 3 (6) 41 [3] Sucdeb P Yu K T Joon M S 2007 Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on

theshape of the nanoparticle Appl amp Env Microbiol 73 (6) 1712

Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull

0 1 5 10 15 20 Nanosilver concentration ppm

-

- - - bull


7

[4] Oka M Tomioka T Tomita K et al 1994 Inactivation of enveloped viruses by a silver thiosulfate complex Metal-based druds 1 511

[5] Sondi I Salopek-Sondi 2004 Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent a case study on E coli as a model for gram-negative bacteria J Colloid Interface Sci 275 177

[6] Wiley B Sun Y Mayers B and Yxia 2005 Shape controlled synthesis of metal nanoostructures the case of silver Chem Eur J 11 454

[7] Razumov V F 2003 Nanoparticles and chemical reactions in micellar systems Report on the scientific session of the Section of Chemical Sciences (Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences 9-11 April)

[8] Robinson B H Khan-Lodhi A N Towey T 1989 Microparticle synthesis and characterization in reverse micelles ed Pileni M P (Amsterdam Elsevier) p 199

[9] Pileni M-P 1989 Structure and reactivity in reverse micelles ed Pileni M P (Amsterdam Elsevier) [10] Petit C Lixon P Pileni M P 1993 In situ synthesis of silver nanocluster in AOT reverse micelles J

Phys Chem 97 12974 [11] Ershov B G 1997 Ions of metals in unusual and unstable oxidation states in aqueous solutions the

receipt and properties Successes Chemistry 66 (2) 103 [12] Fung M C Bowen D L 1996 Silver products for medical indications risk-benefit assessment

Clinical Toxicol 34 119 [13] Yakabe Y Sano T Ushiho H Yasumaga T 1980 Kinetic studies of the interaction between silver

ion and deoxyribonucleic acid Chem Lett 4 373 [14] Gibbins B 2003 The antimicrobial benefits of silver and the relevance of microlattice Technology

Ostomy Wound Management 49 (6) 5 [15] Egorova E M Revina A A 2002 Optical properties and size of nanoparticles of silver in

mitselyarnyh solutions Colloid Journal 64 (3) 334

Acknowledgement This research was partially sponsored by the Basic Research Program from Ministry of Science amp Technology of Vietnam


8

Synthesis of nanosilver particles by reverse micelle method and study of their bactericidal properties

Tran Thi Ngoc Dung1 Ngo Quoc Buu1 Dang Viet Quang1 Huynh Thi Ha2 Le Anh Bang1 Nguyen Hoai Chau1 Nguyen Thi Ly1 and Nguyen Vu Trung3 1 Institute of Environmental Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road Cau Giay Distr Hanoi Vietnam 2 Institute of Materials Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road Cau Giay Distr Hanoi Vietnam 3 National Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases 1 Ton That Tung Dong Da Distr Hanoi Vietnam

E-mail ttndzungyahoocom buu_nqyahoocom Abstract Nanosilver particles have been synthesized by the reverse micelle method where AgNO3 was used as a silver ions source NaBH4 and quercetin - as reducing agents CTAB SDOSS and AOT- as surfactants while the stabilizer was Vietnamese chitosan Studying the factors influencing the process of nanosilver particle formation it was shown that the particle size of the nanosilver products depends on the concentration of the reaction components and their stoichiometric ratio It was also shown that the reaction system using AOT surfactant is capable of producing nanosilver particles with smallest nanoparticles (φav ~ 5 nm) and good particle-size distribution The study on bactericidal activity of the nanosilver products indicated that the disinfecting solution with a nanosilver concentration of 3 ppm was able to inhibit all Ecoli and Coliforms TPC and fungi at 15 ppm while Vibrio cholerae cells were inactivated completely with 05 ppm of nanosilver after 30 minutes exposition

Keywords Reverse micelle nanosilver AOT antibacterial agent

1 Introduction Among inorganic antibacterial agents silver has been employed most extensively since ancient times to fight infections and control spoilage Catalytic oxidation by metallic silver and reaction with dissolved monovalent silver ion probably contribute to its microbicidal effect [1] Microbes are unlikely to develop resistance against silver as they do against narrow-target antibiotics because the metal attacks many targets in the organisms which means that they would have to develop a host of mutations simultaneously to protect themselves [2 3] Thus at present silver ion is being widely used for disinfection especially due to the advances in nanotechnology which make possible the delivery of ionic silver during disinfection process [3-6]

For these reasons we studied the synthesis of nanosilver for disinfection purposes using reverse micelle systems as one of the simplest methods for nanosilver production and its antibacterial activity

Watercarbohydrate reverse microemulsions in the presence of a surfactant are used as a microreactor for synthesizing nanoparticles from different metals such as Au Ag Cu Zn and Fe In a solvent different micelle can be formed under different conditions [7-10] as shown in figures 1 and 2 From figure 2 it can be seen that the formation of micelles depends on the geometrical ratio P So to obtain a reverse micelle emulsion it is necessary to have P gt1 [8 9]


ccopy 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd 1









OIL


Normal micelle

Reverse micelle


Micellar vesicle

lav

P=



St2

St3 St4

St1


2




2 Experimental






ω = [H2O][AOT]

Wat

er m

icel

le d

iam

eter

nm

H2O

HEXAN

AOT


3












Ag Ag

CHLOROFORM


4



[AgNO3] (Mml)

Rednt Stabilizer

(ml)


[H2O]

[Ag] (ppm)

Remarks and


CTAB (M)

CHCl3(ml) [CTAB]


15 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfact-ant (M)

Iso-octan

(ml)

Water phase (ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm) Remarks and


[DOSS]

3C 10015 008 0 0 SDOSS 01 35 023 362 460


φav ~ 10 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfac tant (M)

Iso-octan (ml)

Waterphase(ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm)Remarks and


006M (ml) [AOT]

5K 30006 03

0 0

AOT 01M



6I 30010 03 0 0 AOT

01M 50 040 444 640








5












()

Control 35 x107 22 x104 31 x104 29 x106

3 ppm 73 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

5 ppm 68 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

7 ppm 7 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 8 x 102 9997

10 ppm 6 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 11 x102 9999

15 ppm 4 x 102 99999 0 100 0 100 50 9999



a b c


6









Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull


-

- - - bull


7















8









OIL


Normal micelle

Reverse micelle


Micellar vesicle

lav

P=



St2

St3 St4

St1


2




2 Experimental






ω = [H2O][AOT]

Wat

er m

icel

le d

iam

eter

nm

H2O

HEXAN

AOT


3












Ag Ag

CHLOROFORM


4



[AgNO3] (Mml)

Rednt Stabilizer

(ml)


[H2O]

[Ag] (ppm)

Remarks and


CTAB (M)

CHCl3(ml) [CTAB]


15 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfact-ant (M)

Iso-octan

(ml)

Water phase (ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm) Remarks and


[DOSS]

3C 10015 008 0 0 SDOSS 01 35 023 362 460


φav ~ 10 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfac tant (M)

Iso-octan (ml)

Waterphase(ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm)Remarks and


006M (ml) [AOT]

5K 30006 03

0 0

AOT 01M



6I 30010 03 0 0 AOT

01M 50 040 444 640








5












()

Control 35 x107 22 x104 31 x104 29 x106

3 ppm 73 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

5 ppm 68 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

7 ppm 7 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 8 x 102 9997

10 ppm 6 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 11 x102 9999

15 ppm 4 x 102 99999 0 100 0 100 50 9999



a b c


6









Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull


-

- - - bull


7















8




2 Experimental






ω = [H2O][AOT]

Wat

er m

icel

le d

iam

eter

nm

H2O

HEXAN

AOT


3












Ag Ag

CHLOROFORM


4



[AgNO3] (Mml)

Rednt Stabilizer

(ml)


[H2O]

[Ag] (ppm)

Remarks and


CTAB (M)

CHCl3(ml) [CTAB]


15 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfact-ant (M)

Iso-octan

(ml)

Water phase (ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm) Remarks and


[DOSS]

3C 10015 008 0 0 SDOSS 01 35 023 362 460


φav ~ 10 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfac tant (M)

Iso-octan (ml)

Waterphase(ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm)Remarks and


006M (ml) [AOT]

5K 30006 03

0 0

AOT 01M



6I 30010 03 0 0 AOT

01M 50 040 444 640








5












()

Control 35 x107 22 x104 31 x104 29 x106

3 ppm 73 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

5 ppm 68 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

7 ppm 7 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 8 x 102 9997

10 ppm 6 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 11 x102 9999

15 ppm 4 x 102 99999 0 100 0 100 50 9999



a b c


6









Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull


-

- - - bull


7















8












Ag Ag

CHLOROFORM


4



[AgNO3] (Mml)

Rednt Stabilizer

(ml)


[H2O]

[Ag] (ppm)

Remarks and


CTAB (M)

CHCl3(ml) [CTAB]


15 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfact-ant (M)

Iso-octan

(ml)

Water phase (ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm) Remarks and


[DOSS]

3C 10015 008 0 0 SDOSS 01 35 023 362 460


φav ~ 10 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfac tant (M)

Iso-octan (ml)

Waterphase(ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm)Remarks and


006M (ml) [AOT]

5K 30006 03

0 0

AOT 01M



6I 30010 03 0 0 AOT

01M 50 040 444 640








5












()

Control 35 x107 22 x104 31 x104 29 x106

3 ppm 73 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

5 ppm 68 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

7 ppm 7 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 8 x 102 9997

10 ppm 6 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 11 x102 9999

15 ppm 4 x 102 99999 0 100 0 100 50 9999



a b c


6









Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull


-

- - - bull


7















8



[AgNO3] (Mml)

Rednt Stabilizer

(ml)


[H2O]

[Ag] (ppm)

Remarks and


CTAB (M)

CHCl3(ml) [CTAB]


15 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfact-ant (M)

Iso-octan

(ml)

Water phase (ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm) Remarks and


[DOSS]

3C 10015 008 0 0 SDOSS 01 35 023 362 460


φav ~ 10 nm



N0 [AgNO3] (Mml)


Surfac tant (M)

Iso-octan (ml)

Waterphase(ml)

[H2O] Ag

(ppm)Remarks and


006M (ml) [AOT]

5K 30006 03

0 0

AOT 01M



6I 30010 03 0 0 AOT

01M 50 040 444 640








5












()

Control 35 x107 22 x104 31 x104 29 x106

3 ppm 73 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

5 ppm 68 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

7 ppm 7 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 8 x 102 9997

10 ppm 6 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 11 x102 9999

15 ppm 4 x 102 99999 0 100 0 100 50 9999



a b c


6









Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull


-

- - - bull


7















8












()

Control 35 x107 22 x104 31 x104 29 x106

3 ppm 73 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

5 ppm 68 x103 9998 0 100 0 100

7 ppm 7 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 8 x 102 9997

10 ppm 6 x 102 9999 0 100 0 100 11 x102 9999

15 ppm 4 x 102 99999 0 100 0 100 50 9999



a b c


6









Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull


-

- - - bull


7















8









Contro Control

(a) (b)

7 - 5 - 3 - 1 - 0 -

Log 1

0 [cf

um

l]

bull

bull bull bull bull

bull

bull


-

- - - bull


7















8















8

Date post:	03-Feb-2022
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Synthesis of nanosilver particles by reverse micelle method and

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