SYNTHETIC METHANOL AND DIMETHYL ETHER PRODUCTION … · Synthetic Methanol and Dimethyl Ether...

SYNTHETIC METHANOL AND DIMETHYL ETHER PRODUCTION

BASED ON HYBRID PV-WIND POWER PLANTS

Mahdi Fasihi and Christian Breyer

Neo-Carbon Energy 8th Researchers’ SeminarLappeenranta, August 23-25, 2017

Synthetic Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Production based on Hybrid PV-Wind Power PlantsMahdi Fasihi [email protected]

Agenda

MotivationMethodologyResultsSummary


MotivationMethanol

• increasing demand• feedstock for chemical industry• fuel

DME• an attractive substitute for diesel• high cetane number• soot-free combustion

Problems• fossil based material• global warming, COP21 and national targets• 100% direct electrification impossible• fluctuating RE and energy storage


MotivationMethanol and DME can be generated synthetically

• PtMeOH and PtDME, emerging technologies• non-diminishing resources• costs stable or declining• no costs for harmful emissions (CO2, etc.)• energy storage• a step towards fuel security

Sites with excellent solar and wind energycan be used to power PtX systems.

Cost and generation potential in 2030?


Agenda



MethodologyPossible Production Routes


MethodologyChosen Production Routes

• Single-unit methanol or DME synthesis hashigher energy and economic efficiency

• Methanol would be still produced as anintermediate in DME production

Single-unit methanol synthesis net reaction:CO2 + 3H2 CH3OH + H2O

Single-unit DME synthesis net reaction:2CO2 + 6H2 CH3OCH3 + 3H2O


MethodologyRE-PtMeOH/DME Value Chain

• Dashed lines represent fluctuating flows• Continuous lines represent steady flows

Key insights:• Substitution of the fossil-based

chemicals value chain by a RE basis

• Integrated heating system• two electricity storage option


Methodology

Annual Basis Model: A case study with equal installed capacities of PV single-axis tracking and Wind with 6840annual cumulative FLh (for the site of Argentina). No storage option or transmission line is included.

Hourly Basis Model: Optimised configuration of PV (fixed tilted and single-axis tracking), wind power, storageoptions (battery, PtG-GtP), electricity transmission lines and PtX plants facilities (electrolyser, CO2 DAC,desalination and synthesis plant), based on an hourly potential of solar and wind in a 0.45° × 0.45° spatialresolution for the least cost fuel production.

• The datasets for solar irradiation components and wind speed are taken from NASA databases. Feed-intime series of wind power plants are calculated for standard 3 MW wind turbines (E-101) with hub heightconditions of 150 meters.

weighed average PV and Wind hourly generation profile for Iran


Agenda



ResultsEnergy Flow & Mass Balance

Electrolyser is the main electricity consumer

PtH2 eff.: 84% (HHV)

PtMeOH overall efficiency eff.: 52.5% (LHV)

PtDME overall efficiency eff.: 54.3% (LHV)

Oxygen available for sale on respective O2 markets

Heat pump decreases direct electricity consumption


ResultsCost Distribution for the Case Study (Annual Basis Model)

With the same feedstock cost, DME synthesis plant (SP) cost would be about 21% more per output energy.

Methanol production cost: 422 €/tonne (66.35 €/MWhth,HHV)DME production cost: 617 €/tonne (70.15 €/MWhth,HHV)

Electricity saving by heat pump has decreased the cost of CO2 from 66.3 €/tonne to 57.8 €/tonne.


ResultsHourly Basis Analysis: Full load hours

• sites with cumulative FLh higher than 4500 have been taken intoaccount as they have the lowest LCOE

• PV single-axis tracking provides 200-600 higher FLh than PVfixed-tilted

• wind FLh are much higher than PV FLh due to 24h harvesting

• Patagonia, Somalia and Tibet have the highest cumulative FLhglobally


ResultsLevelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE)

• sites of high FLh of PV or Wind plants have the lowestLCOE

• LCOE of PV single-axis tracking is about 4-5 €/MWhcheaper than LCOE of PV fixed tilted, and even morerelevant more FLh (20-30%) on a least cost basis

• Atacama Desert reaches PV LCOE of close to 15-17€/MWh

• Patagonia reaches wind LCOE of close to 19-20 €/MWh


ResultsLCOE for Cost-optimised PtX Systems

• optimal combination of PV and Wind for hybrid PV-Windplants to achieve an optimal combination of LCOE andFLh for downstream PtX plants

• No fixed tilted PV would be installed, while PV-Wind ratiois even in most regions

• top sites in the world may reach hybrid PV-Wind LCOEof 17-20 €/MWh

• Long distance power lines may be too expensive forharvesting electricity far away from the cost

• top sites in the world are usually located at coast andcan deliver electricity to PtX plants at costs of about 25-30 €/MWh


ResultsSources of Additional LCOE

• distance to coast and consequently electricitytransmission cost are determinative factors which canblock a fuel export case

• for long distances to the coast with a high share of PV,such as Tibet, more battery installations, balance thesystem for a lower electricity transmission cost

• excess electricity due to overlap and curtailments (tooptimize the capacity of transmission lines and PtXplants)


ResultsLevelised Cost of Fuel (LCOF)

• LCOF as a function of LCOE and FLh of plants’ components

• regions not so far from the coast are generally a better place due to lower electricity transmission cost

• Patagonia, Somalia, Western Sahara and the coasts of Australia and Brazil produce the cheapest methanol within therange of 400-600 €/tonne.

• DME production cost is about 200-300 €/tonne more expensive for each site, depending on the corresponding LCOE.


ResultsOptimised Methanol and DME Production Potential

• maximum 10% of the land allowed to be used for PV and Wind each• DME generation potential in each area would be about 71.9% of

methanol generation potential in that area• methanol demand in 2030 could be met at production costs less

than 480 €/tonne• 20 €/tonneO2 profite and 61 €/tonneCO2 emission cost would improve

the attractivness of RE-methanol and RE-DME• European methanol wholesale market has experienced prices

higher than 300 €/tonne in the last decade• shipping costs and market competitiveness to be studied in the

next phase of this research

Global methanol demand

2030


Agenda



Summary• The idea is to use hybrid PV-Wind electricity to produce RE-MeOH and RE-DME

• Methanol is one of the most widely used chemicals in industry with a growing potential as a fuel

• With no carbon-carbon bonde and high ecetane number, RE-DME could be a potential carbon neutralsoot-free substitution for diesel

• RE-MeOH and RE-DME are non-diminishing fossil carbon neutral chemicals and fuels, which will insure both fuel security and environmental issues.

• In Patagonia, methanol could be produced with a cost of 400 €/tonne in 2030

• O2 as the by-product of the electrolyser can play a significant role to decrease the cost.

• Natural gas based methanol could be subjected to CO2 emission cost, which along with high crude oil prices could provide a business case for RE-MeOH or RE-DME.

Thank you for your attention!

NEO-CARBON Energy project is one of the Tekes strategy research openings and the project is carried out in cooperation with Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT Ltd, Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and University

of Turku, Finland Futures Research Centre.


Supplementary MaterialPower sector and feedstock (CO2 and water) key specifications in 2030device unit 2030 device unit 2030 PV fixed-tilted Wind energy (onshore)Capex €/kWp 480 Capex €/kW 1000Opex % of capex p.a. 1.5 Opex % of capex p.a. 2Lifetime years 35 Lifetime years 25PV single-axis tracking Transmission LineCapex €/kWp 530 Capex €/kW/km 0.612Opex % of capex p.a. 1.5 Opex €/(kW km a) 0.0075Lifetime years 35 Lifetime years 50Battery Efficiency %/1000km 98.4Capex €/kWhel 150 Converter Pair StationsOpex €/(kWh a) 3.75 Capex €/kW 180Opex var €/kWh 0.0002 Opex €/(kW ) 1.8Lifetime years 20 Lifetime years 50Cycle efficiency % 93 / 95 Efficiency %/station pair 98.6

device unit 2030 device unit 2030

CO2 capture plant SWRO Desalination

Capex €/(tCO2 a) 228 Capex €/(m3 day) 814

Opex % of capex p.a. 4 Opex % of capex p.a. 4

Lifetime years 30 Lifetime years 30

Electricity demand kWhel/tCO2 225 Electricity consumption kWh/m3 3.15

Heat demand kWhth/tCO2 1500 Water extraction eff. % 45


Supplementary MaterialHeat pump and synthetic fuels sector key specifications in 2030

device unit amount Methanol and DME synthesis plants’ energy and mass balance.

Electrical Compression Heat Pump input output

Capex €/kWhth 590 CO2 H2 el. fuel

Opex fix €/(kWhth a) 2 unit tonne tonne kWh tonne

Opex var €/kWhth 0.0017 Methanol SP 1.462 0.2 216 1

Lifetime years 25 DME SP 2.033 0.28 299 1

COP - 3

Alkaline Electrolyser

Capex €/kWel 328

Opex fix % of capex p.a. 4 Methanol and DME synthesis plants’ key specification.

Opex var €/kWh 0.0012 Capex Opex Lifetime Availability

Lifetime years 30 unit k€/MW % of capex p.a. years h

EtH2 eff. (HHV) % 84 Methanol SP 726 4 30 8000

Electricity-to-heat % of inlet E 8 DME SP 959 4 30 8000

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SYNTHETIC METHANOL AND DIMETHYL ETHER PRODUCTION … · Synthetic Methanol and Dimethyl Ether...

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