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SYNTRICHIA MINOR (POTTIACEAE) AND CEPHALOZIELLA INTEGERRIMA (CEPHALOZIELLACEAE) NEW TO BRYOPHYTE FLORA OF TURKEY

Muhammet Ören1,*, Bilun Sari1 and Serhat Ursavaş2

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

2 Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200, Çankırı, Turkey

*Corresponding author: muhammetoren@hotmail.com

Abstract: Syntrichia minor (Bizot) M.T. Gallego, J. Guerra, M.J. Cano, Ros & Sánchez-Moya (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta - mosses) and Cephaloziella integerrima (Lindb.) Warnst. (Cephaloziellaceae, Marchantiophyta - liverworts) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. In addition, the rare C. integerrima is new to Southwest Asia. These species were collected from the northern part of Turkey, respectively Karabük (Safranbolu) and Kastamonu (Bozkurt). Site description, synonyms, illustrations, ecology, distribution and diagnostic characters of these species are presented.

Key words: Mosses, liverworts, new records, Turkey, Southwest Asia.

Received December 4, 2014; Revised December 17, 2014; Accepted January 12, 2015

Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 67(2), 367-372, 2015 DOI:10.2298/ABS141204004O

INTRODUCTION

Although preliminary research into Turkish bryophyte flora was carried out in the nineteenth century, bryofloristical studies have increased in parallel with the increase in the number of local researcher after the 2000s (Uyar and Çetin, 2004; Kürschner and Erdağ, 2005). As a result, the bryophyte diversity of Turkey has been enriched with many new additions reported by local and foreigner researchers (Ören et al., 2012; Batan et al., 2013; Batan and Özdemir, 2013; Kırmacı and Kürschner, 2013; Kırmacı et al., 2013; Uyar and

Ören, 2013; Kara et al., 2014; Özdemir and Batan, 2014; Ursavaş and Çetin, 2014). With these new additions, Turkish bryophyte flora has 957 spe-cific and intraspecific taxa (4 hornworts, 177 liv-erworts and 776 mosses) (Abay, 2014). However, this number is likely to increase with new studies.

Syntrichia Brid. (Pottiaceae) is a large moss genus with a cosmopolitan distribution. Syntrich-ia is represented by 26 specific and infraspecific taxa in the Mediterranean area and most of them (21 taxa) are found inTurkey (Can et al., 2013; Ros et al., 2013).

368 Ören et al.

Cephaloziella (Spruce) Schiffn. species are very small liverworts and easily overlooked in the field. Due to the absence of inflorescences and gemmae, many species cannot be correctly determined (Paton, 1999). This genus is repre-sented by many specific and infraspecific taxa in the Mediterranean (17), Southeast Europe including Balkans (12) Southwest Asia (8) and Turkey (7) (Sabovljević and Natcheva, 2006; Ros et al., 2007; Özenoğlu Kiremit and Keçeli, 2009; Kürschner and Frey, 2011).

The study area is located in the northern part of Turkey (Fig. 1). This area has many moun-tains, plateaus, canyons and deep valleys. The

region has different climate types (Mediterra-nean, sub-Mediterranean, oceanic) because of the presence of high mountains running parallel to the coast, and precipitation abruptly decreases towards the inner parts. Safranbolu district has a semi-arid Mediterranean climate with a year-ly average temperature of 12.3°C. The coldest month is January (average 2.2°C) and the hottest month is July (average 22.3°C). The mean yearly precipitation is 462.2 mm. Bozkurt has a more humid sub-Mediterranean climate and average yearly precipitation is 1 023 mm. The annual av-erage temperature is 13.7°C; the coldest month is January (with an average of 6°C) and the warm-est month is July (with an average of 22.0°C).

Fig. 1. Collecting localities of Turkish S. minor and C. integerrima.

SYNTRICHIA MINOR (POTTIACEAE) AND CEPHALOZIELLA INTEGERRIMA (CEPHALOZIELLACEAE) 369

The area is situated phytogeographically in the Euxine Province of the Euro-Siberian floristic re-gion. This province has many vegetation types, such as riparian, maquis, steppe, coniferous and deciduous mixed forest. The Safranbolu basin geologically consists of eosin-aged sedimentary rocks. These include lower Lutetian-aged clastics (siltstone, marl, claystone), sandy limestone and Quaternary-aged fluvial sediments. The Bozkurt basin consists of Cretaceous-aged Gökağaç for-mation, which is composed of tuff, tuffite and volcanic sandstone. Different soil types are found in this region, but brown forest soil is the most common one (Yurdakulol et al., 2002; Coşkun, 2010; Sinanoğlu, 2012).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Many bryophyte samples were collected from the northern part of the Turkey on field trips that took place from October 2013 to October 2014. Two of these samples, Syntrichia minor (Bizot) M.T. Gallego, J. Guerra, M.J. Cano, Ros & Sánchez-Moya and Cephaloziella integerrima (Lindb.) Warnst., were found as new records for the bryophyte flora of Turkey. The specimens were examined by light microscopy (Olympus BX51, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and identified using the related literature (Paton, 1999; Gallego et al., 2000; Guerra et al., 2006; Frey et al., 2006; Kürschner and Frey, 2011). Af-ter identification of the specimens, the status of these species was checked by reviewing the re-lated literature for Turkey and Southwest Asia (Uyar and Çetin, 2004; Kürschner and Erdağ, 2005; Ros et al., 2007; Özenoğlu Kiremit and Keçeli, 2009; Kürschner and Frey, 2011; Ros et al., 2013). The vouchers are kept in the Bülent Ecevit University Bryophyte Herbarium, Zon-guldak, Turkey (ZNG).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Syntrichia minor (Bizot) M.T. Gallego, J. Guerra, M.J. Cano, Ros & Sánchez-Moya (Pottiaceae Schimp.)

Syn. Tortula papillosissima (Copp.) Broth. var. minor Bizot, T. laevipila (Brid.) Schwaegr. var. mi-nor (Bizot) Bizot, T. bizotii Laz., T. virescens (De Not.) De Not. subsp. bizotii (Laz.) W. A. Kramer, T. virescens (De Not.) De Not. subsp. minor (Bi-zot) Ochyra, T. virescens (De Not.) De Not. subsp. bizotiana W. A. Kramer, Syntrichia virescens (De Not.) Ochyra var. minor (Bizot) Ochyra, Syntrich-ia virescens (De Not.) Ochyra var. bizotiana (W. A. Kramer) R. H. Zander

Syntrichia minor is characterized by minute habit, costa with 1-3 stereid layer(s), constricted leaves and one branched papilla per cell (Fig. 2). The specimens were collected from the trunk of walnut associated with Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp., Pseudoamblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Van-derp. & Hedenäs, Zygodon rupestris Schimp. ex Lorentz, Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. and Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrad. ex Brid. Other epiphytic species, collected from the trunk of walnut, are Syntrichia virescens (De Not.) Ochyra, Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr., Orthotri-chum affine Schrad. ex Brid., O. cupulatum var. fus-cum (Venturi) Boulay, O. pumilum Sw. ex anon., O. schimperi Hammar and O. speciosum Nees.

Specimen examined - Turkey, Karabük prov-ince, Safranbolu district, Tokatlı Canyon, 41° 15’ 59.9’’N, 032° 41’ 08.1’’E, Juglans regia L., Quercus sp., Prunus sp., Salix alba L., Berberis vulgaris L. vegetation, 510 m a.s.l., from the trunk of walnut, 12.01.2014, Ören & Sarı 110, det. Ören.

World Distribution - Canary Islands, Cy-prus, Greece, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco,

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Spain (Ahayoun et al., 2013; Gallego et al., 2000; Kürschner and Frey, 2011; Ros et al., 2013).

Syntrichia minor and S. virescens are consid-ered closely related taxa because of constricted leaves, plane or slightly recurved margins and 1-3 dorsal stereid layers in the costa. S. virescens was also collected from the same area as an epi-phyte on the trunk of Juglans regia. The speci-men was very similar in appearance to S. minor, but the papillosity of the cells was quite differ-ent under microscopic examinations. The upper laminal cells of S. minor have one branched, ped-icellate or star-shaped papilla, as opposed to the 2-5 bifurcate papillae encountered in S. virescens. However, Syntrichia minor has been treated as a variety of S. virescens by some authors. Accord-ing to Gallego et al. (2000), the value of papil-losity as a differential character is a good species

marker and so var. minor can be elevated to the rank of species. Other taxa related to S. minor are S. laevipila Brid. and S. papillosissima (Copp.) Loeske, but they have several dorsal stereid lay-ers. In addition, leaves are not contracted at the middle and recurved leaf margins up to the apex in S. papillosissima (Gallego et al., 2000; Blockeel et al., 2002).

Cephaloziella integerrima (Lindb.) Warnst. (Cephaloziellaceae Douin)

Syn. Cephalozia integerrima Lindb., Cephaloziella piriflora Douin, Dichiton integerrimum (Lindb.) H. Buch

The Turkish specimen is small, up to 4 mm. Plants are green or partially reddish-brown espe-cially on male shoots. Leaves and bracts edentate,

Fig. 2. Syntrichia minor: a – habit, b – leaf, c – leaf transverse section, d – basal cells, e – papillae on mead-leaf cells.

SYNTRICHIA MINOR (POTTIACEAE) AND CEPHALOZIELLA INTEGERRIMA (CEPHALOZIELLACEAE) 371

multiangular gemmae green, perianth mouth crenulate or crenulate-dentate, shortly lobed fe-male bract highly connate (Fig. 3). The specimen was collected from a damp, steep, roadside slope, associated with Jungermannia gracillima Sm., Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. and Blasia pusilla L. on wet rocks and sandy soil. B. pusilla is the most common species on this slope.

Specimen examined - Turkey, Kastamonu province, Bozkurt district, around Kocaçam vil-lage, 41° 55’ 26.9’’N, 033° 58’ 06.6’’E, Carpinus betulus L., Quercus sp., Pinus sylvestris L., Rho-dodendron ponticum L. vegetation, 610 m a.s.l., steep roadside slope on wet rocks and sandy soil, 16.10.2014, Ören 354/14, det. Ören.

World Distribution: North America, Austria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ger-many, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Swit-zerland, United Kingdom (Paton, 1999; Tacchi et al., 2014).

C. integerrima is easily distinguished from other Cephaloziella species by multiangular gemmae, edentate leaves and highly connate, shortly lobed bract around the perianth, except for C. calyculata (Durieu & Mont.) Müll. Frib. The latter species differs in the female bract un-lobed and forming a perianth tube-like around the base of perianth. In addition, the perianth mouth of C. integerrima is crenulate-dentate, whereas in C. calyculata it is almost entire and the mouth cells are shorter. C. integerrima is a rare species and it has been listed in the Red Lists of some European countries as Vulner-able (VU) in United Kingdom and Switzerland, as Critically Endangered (CR) in Romania and Spain (Paton, 1999; Tacchi et al., 2014).

In this paper, S. minor and C. integerrima are newly reported for Turkey. In addition, C. integerrima is new to Southwest Asia (Uyar and Çetin, 2004; Ros et al., 2007; Özenoğlu Kiremit and Keçeli, 2009; Kürschner and Frey, 2011; Ros et al., 2013).

Fig. 3. Cephaloziella integerrima: a – sterile shoot, b – male shoot, c – perianth and bract, d – perianth mouth, e – leaf, f – gemmae.

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Acknowledgments: We would like to extend our thanks to the Research Fund of Bülent Ecevit University (Project No: 2013-84906727-08) and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project No: 114Z149) for financial support and the Article Proofreading and Editing Office of Bülent Ecevit University for linguistic corrections.

Authors’ contributions: The first author contributed to the ar-ticle at every stage. The other authors contributed to the process of collecting and preparation of the related species.

Conflict of interest disclosure: None.

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