System level design – Product architecture. Product Architecture.pdf · • A product can be...

Faculty of Engineering LTH | Department for Design Sciences | Division of Product Development

System level design– Product architectureROBERT BJÄRNEMO & DAMIEN MOTTE


Three printers from Hewlett-Packard with the same product platform: an office model, a photo model, and a model including scanning capability.

Example


The U&E product development process


What is product architecture?

• A product can be thought of in both functional as well as in physical terms• The functional elements are the individual operations and transformations that

contribute to the overall performance of the product (recall the functionaldiagram)


What is product architecture?

• A product can be thought of in both functional as well as in physical terms• The functional elements are the individual operations and transformations that

contribute to the overall performance of the product (recall the functionaldiagram)

• The physical elements are the parts, components and subassemblies thatimplement the product’s functions (= the embodiment of the working principlesdeveloped during conceptual design). In a product the physical elements are typically organized into several major physical building blocks or chunks or simply subsystems

• A product architecture is the scheme by which the functional elements of the product are arranged into physical chunks and by which the chunks interact

• Svenska: chunk = delsystem• En produkts arkitektur utgörs av den struktur efter vilken de i produkten

ingående funktionselementen är inordnade i fysiska delsystem och hur dessa delsystem påverkar varandra.


Types of product architecture

The product architecture belongs to either of the two main groups:• Integral architecture• Modular architecture


Integral product architecture

An integral product architecture exhibit one or more of the following properties:• Functional elements of the product are implemented using more than one

chunk• A single chunk implements many functional elements• The interactions, the interfaces, between chunks are defined and may be

incidental to the primary functions of the product


Integral product architecture– Example

The BMW R1100RS exhibits function sharing and an integral architecture with the design of its transmission chunk


Modular product architecture

A modular product architecture has the following properties: • Chunks implement one or a few functional elements in their entirety• The interactions between chunks are well defined and are generally

fundamental to the primary functions of the product• In the completely modular product each functional element of the product is

implemented by exactly one physical chunk and in which there are a few well-defined interactions between the chunks


Types of modularity

Slot-Modular ArchitectureEach of the interfaces between chunks in a slot-modular architecture is of a different type from the others, so that the various chunks in the product cannot be interchanged.

Sectional-Modular ArchitectureIn a sectional-modular architecture, all interfaces are of the same type, but there is no single element to which all of the other chunks attach.

Bus-Modular ArchitectureIn a bus-modular architecture, there is a common bus to which the other chunks connect via the same type of interface.


Product platform

• A platform product is built around a preexisting technological subsystem (a technological platform), thus allowing a collection of assets, including component designs, to be shared among a number of product variants.

• Examples: Sony Walkman and the Hasselblad camera.• Product built on technology platforms are much simpler to develop than if the

technology was developed from scratch.


Product platform– Example


Interface problems

When designing a product two major types of interfaces are usually created: • Planned interfaces – these are directly emanating from the overall working

principle on which the product is based. • Unplanned or unintentional interfaces – these are usually the result of

unforeseen effects also emanating from the from the overall working principle on which the product is based.

• Note that the latter type of interfaces might not be identified until an alpha-prototype or primary design has been validated.


Detail DesignDAMIEN MOTTE & GIORGOS NIKOLERIS


Detail design

• Transformation of the concept to make it ready for production and sale• Encompasses a lot of activities:

– Design of all the components– Improvement of components from previous release– Adapt them to manufacturing, recycling, ergonomics, etc. – so called

design for X:» Design for manufacturing and assembly» Eco-design» Robust design» Design to cost» …

Faculty of Engineering LTH | Department for Design Sciences | Division of Product Development(Frittelli, 2013)


(Boothroyd & Dewhurst, 2002)


Example

Air intake manifold (insugningsgrenrör) to General Motors 3.8-liter V6 engine

Original manifold made of cast aluminum

Redesigned manifold made of molded thermoplasticcomposite


Result of the re-design of the manifold

The largreductiomade ththe new and moprocess $18.56 t

The cost of the original manifold was $38.51!


Design for manufacturing


Design guidelines: Insertion and fastening


Testing and refinement


Process and phases


Testing and refinement

• Testing– Mainly physical testing– But more and more, simulations against validated physical tests

• Refinement– = Detail design activities

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6Pi8xZoilk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6Pi8xZoilk


Examples of computer-based methods and techniques within PD


Production ramp-up


Process and phases


Production ramp-up


System level design�– Product architectureExampleThe U&E product development processWhat is product architecture?Slide Number 5What is product architecture?Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Types of product architectureIntegral product architectureIntegral product architecture �– Example Modular product architectureTypes of modularityProduct platformProduct platform �– ExampleInterface problemsDetail DesignDetail designSlide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24ExampleResult of the re-design of the manifoldDesign for manufacturingSlide Number 28Design guidelines: Insertion and fasteningTesting and refinementProcess and phasesTesting and refinementExamples of computer-based methods and techniques within PDProduction ramp-upProcess and phasesProduction ramp-upSlide Number 37

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System level design – Product architecture. Product Architecture.pdf · • A product can be...

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