Systematics of Dasyphyllum

(Asteraceae)

Mariana M. Saavedra

Elsie F. Guimarães e Rafaela C. Forzza

Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro

Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica

• Synapomorphies:

– axillary spines

– barnadesioids trichomes

• Restricted distribution in South America

• 9 genus and 85 species

– Dasyphyllum (33 spp.)

– Chuquiraga (23 spp.)

– Barnadesia (19 spp.)

– Arnaldoa (3 spp.)

– Doniophyton (2 spp.)

– Fulcaldea (2 spp.)

– Duseniella, Huarpea e Schlechtendalia (1 spp.)

Barnadesioideae

Dasyphyllum vagans

Funk et al. 2009

Dasyphyllum subg. Archydasyphyllum

Stuessy et al. 1996

Dasyphyllum Kunth

• Trees

• Pinnate leaves

• Anthers’ apical appendage

obtuse or emarginate

D. diacanthoides

• 2 species

• D. diacanthoides (Less.) Cabrera

• D. excelsum (D.Don) Cabrera)

Kunth (1820) – D. argenteum

Cabrera (1959) – Dasyphyllum

• 36 species (34 new combinations)

Infrageneric classification sensu Cabrera

Dasyphyllum subg. Dasyphyllum • Trees or shrubs

• Trinerved leaves

• Anthers’ apical appendages bilobed

D. spinescens

D. sprengelianum

Dasyphyllum sensu Cabrera (1959)

• Small and numerous heads

• 27 species, 6 varieties

• Large and solitaries or few heads

• 11 species, 2 varieties

Section Microcephala (=Dasyphyllum) Section Macrocephala

Stuessy et al. 1996

Stuessy et al. 1996

Urtubey & Stuessy 2001

Infrageneric classification of Dasyphyllum:

* = subg. Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum

** = subg. Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala

*** = subg. Archydasyphyllum

• 52 of 88 species of the subfamily

• 29 spp. Dasyphyllum

• 31 morphological characters

• 13 characters are

informative to Dasyphyllum

Morphological phylogeny

Molecular phylogeny

Gustafsson et al. (2001)

Dasyphyllum is paraphyletic

Both subgenera are

monophyletic

Corroborated by Gruenstaeudl

et al. (2009)

Dasyphyllum subg. Dasyphyllum

Dasyphyllum sect.

Macrocephala is

monophyletic

Molecular phylogeny

Gustafsson et al. (2001)

Dasyphyllum hystrix

• To propose a hypothesis of phylogenetic

relationship among the genus’ species as a

tool for testing the infrageneric classification

• Taxonomic treatment of Dasyphyllum

– Revision of Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala

– Synopsis of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum

(=Microcephala).

Objectives

D. spinescens

D. brasiliense

Phylogeny

• Morphological 39 taxa

67 characters

215 trees

CI = 0,29

RI = 0,53

Macro

cep

hala

Strict consensus Majority consensus

Dasyphyllum diacanthoides/

D. excelsum

Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala

Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum

• Combined (ITS1, 5.8S e ITS2 -

Gustafsson et al. 2001)

21 taxa

733 characters

36 trees

CI = 0,60

RI = 0,68

Phylogeny

Heuristic search – strict consensus branch and bound

33 species, with 5 new species

2 sections, 3 species of uncertain position

153 binomials, 72 basionyms and 95 typi

29 new synonyms proposed

28 lectotypi

3 neotypi

2 epitypi

Taxonomic treatment of Dasyphyllum

D. reticulatum

D. vagans

D. vagans

D. spinescens D. spinescens

Dasyphyllum

Dasyphyllum

Acrodromous suprabasal Acrodromous basal Pinnate

D. trichophyllum D. globosum

D. diacanthoides

D. diamantinense

D. leptacanthum D. donianum D. sprengelianum

Dasyphyllum

D. littorale

Dasyphyllum

style

anthers

Monoecious

Gynodioecious

Dasyphyllum

Stuessy et al. 1996

Revision of

Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala

D. cryptocephalum (Baker) Cabrera

D. donianum (Gardner) Cabrera

= D. infundibulare (Baker) Cabrera

= D. latifolium (Gardner) Cabrera

D. fodinarum (Gardner) Cabrera

D. reticulatum (DC.) Cabrera

= D. reticulatum var. robustum Domke

= D. lanosum Cabrera

D. sprengelianum (Gardner) Cabrera

= D. candolleanum (Gardner) Cabrera

= D. sprengelianum var. inermis (Gardner) Cabrera

= D. velutinum (Baker) Cabrera

D. trichophyllum (Baker) Cabrera

6 species

typifications:

10 lectotypi

1 epitypus

Morphology

Monoecious plants

Involucre >25mm

Solitary heads

Leaves 3 or 5 primary

ribs

D. cryptocephalum

Botumirim (MG)

D. fodinarum D. trichophyllum

Serra do Caraça (MG)

D. donianum

Correntina (BA)

Gouveia (MG)

D. reticulatum D. sprengelianum

Itapanhoacanga (MG)

Stuessy et al. 1996

Synopsis of

Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum

D. argenteum Kunth

= D. lehmannii (Hieron.) Cabrera

D. armatum (Koster) Cabrera

D. brevispinum Sagást. & M.O. Dillon

D. colombianum (Cuatr.) Cabrera

D. ferox (Wedd.) Cabrera

D. inerme (Rusby) Cabrera

D. leiocephalum (Wedd.) Cabrera

= D. horridum (Muschl.) Cabrera

D. maria-lianae Zardini & Soria

D. popayanense (Hieron.) Cabrera

= D. cabrerae Sagást.

= D. weberbaueri (Tovar) Cabrera

D. vepreculatum (D.Don) Cabrera

D. brasiliense (Spreng.) Cabrera

= D. tomentosum (Spreng.) Cabrera

= D. orthacanthum (DC.) Cabrera

D. flagellare (Casar.) Cabrera

D. floribundum (Gardner) Cabrera

D. lanceolatum (Less.) Cabrera

= D. synacanthum (Baker) Cabrera

D. leptacanthum (Gardner) Cabrera

D. retinens (S.Moore) Cabrera

D. spinescens (Less.) Cabrera

D. vagans (Gardner) Cabrera

D. varians (Gardner) Cabrera

24 species

14 spp. in Brazil (5 sp. nov.)

10 spp. in Andes

typifications

15 lectotypi

3 neotypi

1 epitypus

Morphology

Ginodioecious plants

Involucre <20mm

Numerous heads

Leaves 3 primary ribs

D. spinescens

Ligulate corolla

Internal pubescence in the basal part

of the corolla tube (ex. D. capixaba)

Anthers apical appendages bilobed

D. capixaba Saavedra

sp. nov. ined.

Scandent plants

Leaves with pubescent abaxial surface

Ligulate corolla, short lobes

Internal pubescence throughout the entire surface of the corolla tube

Anthers apical appendages bilobed

Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Chaco

D. globosum Saavedra

sp. nov. ined. D. minutiflorum Saavedra

sp. nov. ined.

Scandent plants

Ligulate corolla, long or short lobes

Internal pubescence throughout the entire surface of

the corolla tube

Anthers apical appendages emarginated

Cerrado, Chaco e Floresta Atlântica

D. floribundum D. vepreculatum D. lanceolatum

Andes, Cerrado/Caatinga, Floresta Atlântica

Erect plants

Cilindric heads

Corolla generally tubular, long lobes

Internal pubescence throughout the

entire surface of the corolla tube

Anthers apical appendages

emarginated

D. littorale Saavedra

sp. nov. ined. D. diamantinense Saavedra & M.Monge

sp. nov ined.

Incertae sedis

Dasyphyllum diacanthoides (Less.) Cabrera

Dasyphyllum excelsum (D.Don) Cabrera

Dasyphyllum hystrix (Wedd.) Cabrera

Conclusions • Geographic distribution: South America, 0-4300m alt.

– Atlantic Forest

– Cerrado

– Caatinga

– Chaco

– Andes

• Species diversity:

– Brazil (20)

– Bolivia (7)

– Argentina (5)

– Paraguay (5)

– Peru (5)

– Chile (2)

– Colombia (2)

– Equador (2)

– Venezuela (1)

• Ginodioecious – Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum (except

D. capixaba), D. diacanthoides, D. excelsum e D. hystrix

• Monoecious – Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala and the

other genus of Barnadesioideae.

Conclusions • Monophyly of Dasyphyllum sect. Macrocephala

• Molecular data of D. capixaba lacking

morphological combined

D. capixaba

Conclusions

D. hystrix

combined

• Monophyly of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum excluding D. hystrix

• Morphological data of Arnaldoa e Fulcaldea lacking

• Combined analysis with more species can contribute to solve of Incertae sedis taxa

morphological

D. hystrix

Acknowledgments