Systems Analysis and Systems Analysis and DesignDesignDesignDesign
Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegardenega de
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slides by Fred Niederman
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2001 J h Wil & S IJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. p py gRequest for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own The purchaser may make back up copies for his/her own use only and not for redistribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Obj tiObjectives■ Understand several fundamental user interface
design principles.■ Understand the process of user interface design.■ Understand how to design the user interface ■ Understand how to design the user interface
structure.■ Understand how to design the user interface
standards.standards.■ Understand commonly used principles and
techniques for navigation design.■ Understand commonly used principles and ■ Understand commonly used principles and
techniques for input design.■ Understand commonly used principles and
techniques for output design.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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techniques for output design.■ Be able to design a user interface.
Principles for User Interface Principles for User Interface Design
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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P i i lPrinciples
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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User Interface Design User Interface Design Process
Chapter 12
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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K D fi itiKey Definitions
The navigation mechanism provides the The navigation mechanism provides the way for users to tell the system what to doThe input mechanism defines the way the system captures informationy pThe output mechanism defines the way the system provides information to users or other systems
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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K D fi itiKey Definitions
The graphical user interface The graphical user interface (GUI) is the most common type f f dof interfaces most students are
likely to use personally and for developing systems.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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U S i D lUse Scenario Development
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Wi d N i i DiWindow Navigation Diagram
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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I f S d d D iInterface Standards Design
The interface standards are the The interface standards are the basic design elements that are
h d d lcommon across the individual screens, forms, and reports within the system.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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I f D i P iInterface Design Prototyping
StoryboardStoryboardHTML PrototypeLanguage PrototypeInterface Evaluation
HeuristicWalkthroughWalkthroughInteractive
Formal Usability TestingPowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Slide 12
Formal Usability Testing
NAVIGATION DESIGN
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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B i P i i lBasic Principles
Assume usersAssume usersHave not read the manualHave not attended trainingDo not have external help readily p yat hand
All controls should be clear and All controls should be clear and understandable and placed in an intuitive location on the screen.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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intuitive location on the screen.
B i P i i lBasic Principles
Prevent mistakesPrevent mistakesLimit choicesNever display commands that can’t be used (or “gray them out”)C fi ti th t diffi lt Confirm actions that are difficult or impossible to undo
Si lif f i kSimplify recover from mistakesUse consistent grammar order
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Use consistent grammar order
Types of Navigation C t lControl
LanguagesLanguagesCommand languageNatural languagea u a a guage
MenusGenerally aim at broad shallow menuConsider using “hot keys”
Direct ManipulationUsed with icons to start programsUsed to shape and size objectsM t b i t iti f ll d
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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May not be intuitive for all commands
A Traditional Menu in a UNIX S tUNIX System
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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C T f MCommon Types of Menus
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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E l f I MExample of an Image Map
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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T f MTypes of Menus
Types of Menus WhenTypes of Menus
Menu barDrop-down menu
WhenWould YouUse Each ofTh M
pPop-up menuTab menuToolbar
These MenuTypes?
Image map
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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M TiMessage Tips
Should be clear concise and Should be clear, concise, and completeShould be grammatically correct and free of jargon and and free of jargon and abbreviations (unless they are the users)the users)Avoid negatives and humor
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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T f MTypes of Messages
Types of Messages WhenTypes of Messages
Error message
WhenWould YouUse Each ofTh
gConfirmation messageAcknowledgment messageDelay message
These MessageTypes?
Help messageyp
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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An Example of Crafting an E MError Message
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Y TYour Turn
Pretend that you are designing Pretend that you are designing the new interface to a career services system at your university.How would you incorporate the basic principles of input design basic principles of input design into your interface design?
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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INPUT DESIGN
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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B i P i i lBasic Principles
The goal is to simply and easily The goal is to simply and easily capture accurate information for hthe system
Reflect the nature of the inputsReflect the nature of the inputsFind ways to simplify their collectioncollection
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Online versus Batch P iProcessing
Online processing immediately records Online processing immediately records the transaction in the appropriate databaseBatch processing collects inputs over time and enters them into the system at yone time in a batchBatch processing simplifies data communications and other processes, but means that inventory and other
t t t i l tiPowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Slide 27
reports are not accurate in real time
Capture Data at the SSource
Reduces duplicate workReduces duplicate workReduces processing timeDecreases costDecreases probability of errorp y
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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S D t A t tiSource Data Automation
Can be obtained by using the Can be obtained by using the following technologies:
bar code readersoptical character recognitionmagnetic stripe readerssmart cards
How can internet be used for source data automation?
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Mi i i K t kMinimize Keystrokes
Never ask for information that Never ask for information that can be obtained in another wayList selection is more efficient than entering informationthan entering informationUse default values where possiblepossible
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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T f I tTypes of Inputs
Data items linked to fieldsData items linked to fieldsTextNumbersSelection boxesSelection boxes
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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T f I t BTypes of Input Boxes
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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T f S l ti BTypes of Selection Boxes
Types of Boxes WhenTypes of Boxes
Check boxRadio button
WhenWould YouUse Each ofTh On-screen list box
Drop-down list boxCombo box
These BoxTypes?
Slideryp
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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T f I t V lid tiTypes of Input Validation
Types of Validation WhenTypes of Validation
Completeness checkFormat check
WhenWould YouUse Each ofTh Range check
Check digit checkConsistency check
These ValidationMethods?
Database checks
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Y TYour Turn
Consider a Web form that a student Consider a Web form that a student would use to input student and resume information into a career resume information into a career services application.
Sketch o t ho this fo m o ld look Sketch out how this form would look and what data fields would be usedWhat validity checks would you need?What validity checks would you need?
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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OUTPUT DESIGN
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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B i P i i lBasic Principles
Understand report usageUnderstand report usageReference or cover-to-cover?Frequency?Real-time or batch reports?Real time or batch reports?
Manage information loadAll d d i f i All needed information, no more
Minimize biasPowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design
Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Slide 37
Bi i G hBias in Graphs
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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T f R tTypes of Reports
Types of Reports WhenTypes of Reports
Detail reports
WhenWould YouUse Each ofTh
pSummary reportTurnaround documentGraphs
These ReportTypes?yp
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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R t M diReport Media
Electronic
Versus Paper
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Y TYour Turn
Under what conditions would you be Under what conditions would you be most likely to replace reports on paper with ones delivered paper with ones delivered electronically? When might you NOT want to make the change?NOT want to make the change?
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
SSummary
The fundamental goal of navigation The fundamental goal of navigation design is to make the system as simple to use as possiblepThe goal of input mechanism is to simply and easily capture accurate informationy pThe goal of the output mechanism is to provide accurate information to users that minimize information overload and bias
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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E di th D iExpanding the Domain
For many years the University For many years, the University of Maryland has been a leader
h f d hin research for ideas in human-computer interfaces. For more information investigate:http://www cs umd edu/hcil/http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and DesignCopyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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