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ASSESSMENT STATEMENTS• 1.1.1 Outline the concept and characteristics of systems.
• The emphasis will be on ecosystems but some mention should be made of economic, social and value systems.
• 1.1.2 Apply the systems concept on a range of scales.• The range must include a small-scale local ecosystem, a large ecosystem such
as a biome, and Gaia as an example of a global ecosystem.
• 1.1.3 Define the terms open system, closed system and isolated system.
• 1.1.8 Distinguish between flows (inputs and outputs) and storages (stock) in relationship to systems.
• 1.1.9 Construct and analyze quantitative models involving flows and storages in a system.
SYSTEMS
•On your notebook paper, brainstorm examples of a system from your every day life. Be ready to share. • Round Robin • Looking at these examples, how could we define a system?
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?A System
• Is an organized collection of interdependent components that perform a function and which are connected through the transfer of energy and/or matter
• All the parts are linked together and affect each other.
REDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTIC APPROACHES
Reductionist Approach: Looking at each individual partHolistic Approach: looking at how everything works together
This course will focus on both!
REDUCTIONIST VS HOLISTICRANGE OF SCALES
Largest Scale Universe as a systemEarth as a systemA specific biome as a system (ex:
Rainforests)A specific ecosystem as a system
(ex: Amazon rainforest)River bank within Amazon rainforest
Small Scale Plant on river bank on Amazon
GAIA HYPOTHESIS
• James Lovelock• Mid 1960’s• Proposed that plant Earth is a single living system (global system)• Earth maintains homeostasis (temperature, climate, ocean salinity)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVGuRX0xNaI
3 TYPES OF SYSTEMS
An open system exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings (for example, an ecosystem).
3 TYPES OF SYSTEMS• A closed system exchanges energy but not matter; • “Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model
this. closed • Do not occur naturally on Earth, but all the global cycles
of matter, for example, the water and nitrogen cycles, approximate to closed systems.
3 TYPES OF SYSTEMS
• An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy. • No such systems exist • The universe as we know it is sometimes
considered a closed system
SYSTEM DIAGRAMS1.1.8 Distinguish between flows (inputs & outputs) and storages (stocks) in relation to a system.
• Used to visually represent a system• Boxes show storage of matter or energy• Arrows show the flow of matter or energy• Inputs = arrows into the storage• Outputs = arrows out of the storage
• Processes get labelled on the arrow (ex: photosynthesis, respiration, diffusion, consumption, etc)
SYSTEM DIAGRAMS
Water
Water
Nutrients (food)
Waste
Biomass to Next Trophic
Level
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
OxygenBiomass to
Decomposers
YOU TRY: FORMATIVE• Choose a system from our list created
earlier or a new one you have thought of and create a system diagram to show the stocks and flows in your system.
• Be prepared to share your system with classmates