T....t (nadc with the tip sf toe tongue on the back af' the teeth, rc'tller than on the gum rldge,...

A i : ? c : r t J. SchUtz

arid

;iatu :-:u:;iat;e T. I(cri,s%tal.

: 3 i t s , . crle Acsistance of

k y ako Y ascda

'a"'

FIJI AX

S p e l i l n g and Pronunc ia t ion

Alttloagh ciie's first guide t o pronurlciat iar : ts t h a t

of a :speaker of' Fijian, from t ime t o time it i s nece:jsary

t o prcmcunce wosds frolri t h e w ~ l t t e n form. The Fijian

s p e i l i n p system has such a hi($ degree of consister lcy b e -

tweerl syrrbol a n 3 sound :tiat an accep tab l e pronunciati~n

w i l l Pe p o s s i b l e j n n v s t cases.

I t rnrnst be re~c.r:'oerec"l, however, that tile r e i a t i : s n ~ h i p

between a 8aurzcZ arid %[.a? it?tt;~r t h a t r : ; r a ~ b c l l z ~ s i t I s

a r b i t r a r j * ' r 'a i lurc t c ~ :,?cognize ",iit: ha:; l e d t a a p r o l i - I

f e r a t i o n of cr.ttie2sr;.,s about t h e F'lj? an ;;pel:LSr;i~ systenl, J

n l o s t i y because f'om~s ar'e cot; pronoxnced so Cllcy wozld b e

i f t h e y werlc Enqlisi-j words. In t h e e x p l a n a % i o r ~ "aelow,

E n g l i s h examples am u s e d t o g l v e an approxilnat ian of t h e

F i j i a n pronunciation. 3 u t t h e y s e r v e as ~ n l y kn apprDoxi-

matior, , an6 no m o x ,

CONSON AMrI'S ApproxivxixZle Eng Lish Equ iva lcnz

P P p (3ithout the puff of air tF.at accompanies an Engl i sk~ 2 in words Like a. C l o s e r t o t h e p i n s p i n .

----.-- I\? OTE S 1. 2 i s used on ly i n borrowed words ,

t (nadc w i t h t h e tip sf t o e tongue on t h e back af ' t h e t e e t h , rc'tller t h a n on the gum r ldge , as i n E n g l i s h . Also with less air--nore l i k e s%one than tone . )

k (nore i i k e - s k i t han k g . In fas t , c r sFeecn, p a r t i c u l a r l y - b 6 f c r e an unstressed vowel, t he re is n o t a. d e f i n i t e stoppage of a i r , b u t on ly a narrowing of the passage. It a l s o may become voiced in this pos:t ion. No E n g l i s h example czn be glwen, but t h e sound i s similar t o t h e g ifi C?nrr:tan zaz-;en, )

n3 ( l i k e nd -- ifi z?sQ. 1

Pio English symbol . T h i s consonant s ~ u n d s very similar t o E n g l i s h v, b u t i s made by na r rowing t h e opening between the I f p s , r a ther t h a n be tween t h e lower l i p a.nd upper zzeth, as in E n g l i s h ,

th (as in -- t h a n . )

s ! a s i n 1 E n g l i s h sine.) I---..&

m (as in E n g l i s h mat, ) -

No E;nglish synlbo. l . This s o u r d !.s made by t r i l l i n g 3r tapp.lr:z; Tkin t S 2 ~r ",it?

"ul-.~nr;:~ict ag&lns t t h ~ gwl? "3 d : ~ e , Spanl.sk h;ia a sir711.az: r sc,unc",, -. -

:/ ,. , F1.l t,l,.~l.4.u -! A '3 w i t h less tensnness o f muscles tl:an t,?jrc Zr,ff.i-lisll set-!nd, T4.lj.s sourid ~ c c u r ~ s c;nl.g b e f o r t a. 3

.-

VOWEI,S

w?v'qn A .+. J-.. $yvp :iC;,.h;i:.::L , h 7 c x m * t - , . , . . . - - , :.!:;:!r.g tt.h? ,?n~ie vowel.

- symbols t,ha.":it;ngj..l.:;.! :i~.:s , ::st, tileyr:. .pi2:': i; !.:nf.Lsr.'i, t;" e3d.s . f

The sounds ~ ( ? r : l * ~ - ~ c " ~ t ~ d r ; e ~ ~ ~ ; ~ m . ?-,t: t h o s e c:f 2;pani:;h o r

La t in . Alt;hou::i;li? f~ ~r a f ";iic.i ?'ij 1:a.n vobiels s t.~;knd s i r : i l a r

to the I1:ny;lisi"i vs:<cI:. I n the wgrds 6;3.73en as e;;aiv;slen$;s,

t h e formcr dc n o t enc! f n a yl? .de ,, For the f"ixlat ftsur. of

t h e f o l l o w i n g examples, only t h e s t a r t l n f y point o f the

Engl ish sound, and no t i t s o f f - g l i d e , s h o u l d be used as

a model.

Engl i sh e a t , v

E n g l i s h make. -

o E n g l i s h b o a t . -

Long vowels -

The a i n English --- fatfier~ i s a. b e t t e r examysle than those preceding; the re is no o f f -g l ide i n e i t h e r t h e E n ~ l i s h cr t h e F i n 1 an sound.

In desc r ib ing E n g l i s h sounds , t h e t e r m Plongt was

t r a d i t i o n a l l y agp l l ed t o c e r t a i n vowels and re fe r red

mainly t o t h e q u a l i t y of t h e sound. F o r F i j i a n t h e term

i s used i n qa i t e a d i f f e r e n t sense-- that of d u r a t l o ~ ~ ,

The d i f f e r e n c e between -- i and - F i s that the l a t t e r lasts

l o n g e r t h a n t h e f9mer1. Each sf the f i v e vowels can occur

long, and t h e r e are p a i r s of' words t h a t differ only i n

t h a t one has a shorts vcwel, arid t h e o t h e r has a 3.0ng

one. Pafl .ure t o mark t h i s d i f f e r e n c e is one of t h e rnajor

weaknesses of t h e t r a d i t i o n a l s p e l l i n g s y s t e m . I n the

p r e s e n t t e a c h i n g rnatesia2, as well as I n r ecen t grammars

and d i c t i o n a r i e s , l ong vowels are marked as above--.with

a macron.

w, A l t h o k g h -,"L.~:,T~Ls l i k e t h a t Ir; :~ri l . ; l ish n;al:e d o n o t ---...-..

u c c u , ~ i n F i j i a n , some similar ones d o . I n v e i ' f o r ' , --- t h e r e i s rccw articxla~ian of the i t h a n the o f f - 3 l i d e in - make. ;:tit .in f a s t e r s p e e c h , sequenctrs l i k e {;his becon~c --

and more

S t r e s s ..---.--

In any s e r l e ~ ;>r" sy l . l . ab les , sonie are pronounced w i t h

r n c ~ r ~ I .o~ .~dness , 62" StY'pTC! .,,, , t h a n c t h e r s . I n s1:):y:e ca.se:;,

For 1on;:er i ( ! ~ r > d s , on?.;, ccin33,2:ior:s 1 3nd 2 holci. G t h e r

s t r e s s e s are ~ n p r e d i c t a n l e .

Sor;i~?one le;d.rridiil- a si.sc2~nd lan~r;v(;*i5e tias 3 tendency

to interpret the sc?ur,f'!s hi: i!t.sr.s i.n te~rn?,s of his own

I.angua,.;e , ?I -;:I.;;; I., k e 1 : rod~ces what 1s con;,nc~r~:ly c a l l e d a

foref:.;ri a c c e r t , ? h ~ f o i l : . ) r ~ ~ i r i ~ ~ cidri.l-Is are cairneel t o give

t h e s t u d e n t pra .c t" icc .,+dftt: the sounds 2f F i j i a n t ha t are

l i j c e l y t o be most difficult f o r a speaker of English to

t o r ecpgn ize and p roduce ,

1. FijS an l o n g vowels v s . English d i p h t h o n g s .

I-ferc!, a long vowel. l a s t s longer Xn d u r a t i o n than a

short vowel, and t h e r e i s n c t s i g n i f i c a n t change i n quality.

I n t h e f o l l o w i n g e x e r c i s e , F i J i a n l o n g vowels are contrasted

w f t h s i r n i l a r E n g l i s h c t iph thonqs- - tha t i s g l i d e d vowels.

A . L i s t e n , b u t don't r e p e a t

F i j i a n E n g l i s h

tI ' t e a 1 t e a

t 8 ' c o n ~ t i n e ~ t orr;

tii 'stai:dl t w o

kI ( f i s h ) key

ki; ' h e r e f X ay

k c 'bitef c o (2

by ' h e a v y t be

blo 'seize' b ow

b c ' d r i n k i n g coconut ' boo

clE t e m p t y l D

.",G ' animal e x c ~ e r n e n t ' day

dc f r o r ; t e n ' douy5h

dE i n d e e d f 4 d i a l e c t 1 c3 o

n:I ' u r i n a t e ' me

I ~ Z ' goat ' rr, ay

85 'sornet SO

mu 'buttocks1 moo

nii 'benu!nbedl new ( one di ale c'k )

wG 'trace1 w agi

R . Repeat t h e Fijian.

2 . F i j i a n vowel sequences vs, E n g l i s h d i p h t h o n g s .

I n c e r t a i n positions, F i j i a n vowel sequences a r e

similar t o E n g l i s h d i p h t h o n g s . B u t f o r F i j i a n , t h e r e a re

two p e a k s , compared with one f o r the E n g l i s h examples.

A . L i s t e n , b u t dcnQt repeat .

F i j i a n E n g l i s h

t a l ' s e a c o a s t y t i e

t a u ' f a l l (rain)' town

t a o 'entangXedt t own

t e i ' p l a n t 1 t, a k e

t o u ( p l a n t ) tow

b a i ' f e n c e g SY

Bau 'Ya~1' bough

b e t ' a c c u s e 1 b a y

bou ' house posti b ow

c a i ' c o p u l a t e ' t h y

cau 'presentt t h o u

ce? f ~ X i ~ ? t h e y

coil ' b a l d f t i .~ou~- . ,h

dau ?experVt1 endow

d e i ' f i r m t d a y

dou 'you t h r e e ' dough

k a i ' she l . l i kite

kau ' t r e e q

k e f ' o f 7

kou ' s n z u t ' B. Repeat t h e F i j i a n .

C O'd

Kay

coat

?, Loni? v s . s h o r t vowels .

A. LSsten , b u t don% repeat .

l < l l z t?i l d k i l a "kn0"d1

n l i Z a ' 1 2 e h y t m i l a %scratch t

tarar; 't::ilt ' t a r g ' t o u c h '

t srci ' sli :$'are ? t o r 5 'pie; s t y '

cuj-:c; ' r.:~f:~fle 3 ~ 1 5 ' st?\+: '

1310 ' c c e s n u t 2 u i c c ' 1016 (~ ;ype of t r e e )

kaka ' s ~ u i t ~ s r ' k a k 5 l par rc t ' k o i a kcuz i i l p i e c e s 1 k o l Z ( t r a n s i t i v e )

B. Pc.r,ez%

4 , P l i l a l --e vs . -1. .- "-

A l t h ~ u p b in f a s t e r speech the re is some f "&l l i ng

t o g e t h e r oP" t hese two S O G ~ ~ S , t h e y are k e p t d i s t i n c t in

s l o w e r speech .

A , Ll.s",en,, b u t d o n ' t r e p e a t .

i; i * ~ - ~ p ~ j s l s i *slide

kabe I s i ~ t l r i C C ) Y ~ T ~ Y Z C ~ : COCO.- k a b i l adherle ' ~*~iit; ;.ear

(;as2 '?3l,d ?ersaxlf q a s l ' c rawl '

y a t e 7i9x:er* y a t i 'move slowly1

tckc ' k l a * L - . " t e k i icXairn'

soKe 'knot' s o k i "pkck f r u J t b,g t w i e t i c g t

k e l e l a n c h o r v keSf ' d i g v

s o l e Icovered with mats1 sol1 ' g i v e '

zore ' s e e d f s o r l t i e reeds

B, Repeat.

5 , Initial g.

rn. ~ n c ? i tse in the Fijian spelling systarn of' & f ~ l " [ n ]

stems frorn a convent ion est;ab' l . ished clsewhert' in t h e

Pacl'fc b y t h e early ml.ss io t~ar ies . Tt i s s imi l a r t u t h e

f i n a l s:)uncl l u ? r:r,:ce; J::h - - ing, b u t its occurrence in word-

i;.r-ii tisi p o s l t i o n irL Fj.,i f 312 prescii ts s p e c i a l p rob Xems t o

v- . I speeiccrs c,f ,:;:ri J r,; . A, L t s t ~ r i to t I l f , ,C?r-st s e r i e s , t hen repeat .

- *-

ogc CEO ogo et-, r- -, Ro [Repeat flare t i n e s :

- ... e tye e ze e ~e F';e Ee [Re~eat f f v e times]

- ugu uEu gr: BU [ ~ e p e a t f i v e times?

F . Repeat - ga ' gape ' ga lu vdwrii>t

RE " 0 '

gone l c h i l d t

gai 'pet p i g 1

p a t u t t ;apzy

- gi ' t ~ squeal1 - gu l t3rnes tT

~ U S U trnautht

C!. 1Jegative d s l l J . .

Surne leaprier-s s u b s t i t u W [g] o r L o g ] f o r g,. Lis ten

to t h e f o l i o w i ng mispronunciations.

gusu fngusul

gorle ga lu gus u gat ti

E . Dis esirninatlon d r l li .

Respond with r i s n t (Ir %rang f c r t h e t ' a i lcwing

a t tempts t o r r ~ d c c e an i n i t i a l 1 ~ 3 .

na 3 1 O i - F 11 UL 11 !?,I GI2 T r X R I G H T

@;a FIRQNG isue 1.1 lit3:iQHC n l RIGHT

I P q gone w ji.C:ftlG rl gusu kj FZCl!JG n one RIGHT -

rl unu R 1 G 1.: '1' 0 L: R I G H T gate1 W ROI? rJ - E S ~ WRONG n at RIGHT T-I ag WRCtNC

6 . T r i l l e d o r f l a p - r.

For t h e prcdue:;lon of a. t o n g ~ e - t i p trlll , the tongue

1s not manipu la ted .:~oLun"d.arily, b u t i n s t e a d moved by t h e

air stream, Afthouiy,h the sound does n o t Occur in +,he

English sound s y s t e m , some c h i l d r e n produce it when i m i -

t a t i n g a motor o r a rnachfne gun.

A. Denanstration. Lis ten , but do no t sepeat.

R . Repeat

yogo ptls i rai

rok ruku rau

roko r a t u raws rou r u i rT

D. Repeat;.

tnn e.:sund is ofre-1 ma" i f l a p p i n g

only once with the $1.~ Cf C ~ L . tonpue. It the gum r idge

f" a r3::(!ia4 l ~ ; 1% A ~ ~ e r i c m Sidlaf to t he a r t i c u l a t i ~ n 0-

b e t t e r

c ~ r i ? t e t h e r v

s i n g l e '

ksra ' po l e canoe'

key%? 'ask'

H . Repeat.

I. Lis ten , but don1% repea t -

r Z rci r"u

r a i r u s i

rau saka ruku

raw a roko ratu

r3 FOU r ~ i

J, Repeat.

7. C o n t r a s t befween F i j i a n - v [ B ] ar,d Engl i sh v [v3. - [no t L o be t aped ]

F i j i a n 15, al though very similar* in sound t o Engl i sh

v 9s not prcmucedi 191th t h e lips 2nd t h e t e e t h , btit x i t h -.. J

b o t h l J p s isrsteacl, The lips are r a t h i j r sp read , nct; sounded.

A . Der;~onstration [v:',sual] of" the df f fe rence between

F i j i a n an6 Engl i sh -- v.

F i J i a n Enp;llsh -

-18 t f ~ ~ r " /va/

ve l %whereY / V ~ Y 1

VOU 'new' /VOW/

vau ' h i b i s c u s vow

v i a Pwantt vi a

V: ";tlrirtEll.' /VGW /

8 . Repeat.

vz, tr 0 vu

ve X v a t u VQS a

vo u v o l a vua

vau v o l l . vud i

v i a vonu vuka

8, Prsna.:.r3allzeci etct i r i 5 aild CJ.

These p r e n s s a l l z e d s t o p s are 'trery sfrnilar to E n g l i s h +-, mi, and ( as 2.n f i n g e r ) , b u t i n Fi j ian t h e y occur

i n word- in i t f a l p o s i t i o n as xeEl as medial. I n i t $ . a l I y ,

t h e n a s a l i z a t i o n before t h e [ b ] and the [ d l mny be r a the r

weak; t h a t be fo re [ g ] 1,s mainta ined.

A , Ll is ten, b u t don't r e p e a t ,

bB I r i s h f ence t d5. ' fec2s * q i 'sht3Xlt

b a i ' f ence ' d a r a @ s l i p t qai ' * v h e ~ ~ '

bzbg ' b u t t e r f l y ' dau ' c ~ ! i l m i t adtilterjrf qqaSc 'swJ.lne

b r It-icaviky la .d@nl vodo "rldet oq5 ' t h i s ?

cpbo 9 ~ l a . p 1 keda ' u s i vuqa ' many '

3 . Prsnasa i tzed t r i l l ar flap.

The soucd t h a t i s w r i t t e n d r -- i s 2honeticaX1L:; a

sequenze cf n - n l v s a t r i l l e d o r f l s p p e d - r. The -- d is a

r e s u l t o f t h e rnovernents t h e tongue goes through. i n t he

t r a n s i t i o n frsn! n - t o T. - A . L i s t e n , b u t donP% r8epeat,

dra R b ~ o o d 7 vadra ' pzndanus ' d rau ? l e a f t kzdra ?thelrt

dr; 'puuX1' t adra. dre m

drx ' s e n cucumberr

d r s 'run awayt

B. Repeat.

EngleZsb b or r~w5ngz - As t h e Fijianst c o n t a c t w i t h English-speaking people

i n c r e a s e d , P t was i n e v i t a b l e t h a t they would accept not

only t h e foreigners ' c o n t r i b u t i o n s to t h e i r c u l t u r e , b u t

a l ~ . , o their nmnes for these g i f t s s. These ape some examples:

a l akao lo a i j lnl. a tnln misila

a l c o h o l hygiene h o u r measles man- of - w a r

Ey 15341 ( t h e date of t h e F i J i a n d i c t i o n a r y ) , f t i s

l i k e l y t h a t t h e number of Eng l i sh b o r r ~ w l n g s I n use wax

alssadg h i g h . Ilowevcr, t h e dictiona.?=i;q 15.3 t:? fewer than

250. In 1968, approximately 450 pages of newspaper t e x t

were c u l l e d f o r borrowings, and over 500 were coun ted ,

no t including PFOPGP nnrries, The d i s p h r i t y between t h e

nurnbess shotrs t h a t it is s ? i f f i cu l . t f o r beginning s tuder l t s

of t he language ,to read t h e newspaper with t h e a id o f

t h e d i c t i o n a r y , since many of the F i j i a n spellings seem

q u i t e unlike to E ~ g l i s h sou rce wards ; and many o f i t s

meanings are rather d i f f e r e n t in Fijian. In a d d i t i o n to

the borrowings omitted i n 1941 and those that have come

i n t o use a f t e r t h a t de t e , t h e r e are some like kbteme --- !god darnn (it) ' and kanovoe ---- t successZon of' men hav ing

i n t e r c o u r s e w l t h on@ wornant (Znglish ' convoy ' ) that are

not Likely t o f i n d t h e f r way i n t o a d i c t i o n a r y compiled

by a m i s s i o n a r y . The exa.mples show tha t the Engl i sh

sources for the borrowings are not always o b - ~ i o u s , and

tha t t h e r e 1s aoriietimes a meanin? ckanp,e i n t h e t r ans fe r .

B ~ l t t h e F i j i a n forms are at l ea s t p a r t i a l l y predictable

f r o m t h e E n ~ l i s h sou rces ,

!~t>cause of the nature of the two sound systems--

Z n ~ l i s h 2nd Fijlsn--the ioarLs have been adapteC t o f i t t h e

i?I$j.an s y s t e m and still, for the most parvt, sound as

c l o s e to t h e origl .nal model as p a s s i b l e . The etzanfyz t h a t

o c c u r are due n o t o n l y t o t h e d i f f e r e n c e s in the l i s t s

of vo?:rels and ccnsonan t s , b u t a l s o t o the way tn:;' $-at-

t e r n in each s y s t e m . Rr Lngl i sh s y L l a k 1 2 ~ 1 3 C. r ) i i ~ l + l e ~ . i ~ a : i ~

ccmplex unit, czpabxc af b e g i n n i i ~ g wit:. oz 3.anj as t h r e e

cofisorLarits (/arnsts/bynztls). lic'nit":er" 3". T"CJLan s y l l a -

ble conxL2.f;~ e i t h e r er"" a vowel alor-e, o _ ~ . a consonarit

fo:loos? by 2 vcwel. ?he e-csuit of i ? , f~ d i f f e r e n c e i n

str~ctures I s that E r i y i i s h ccjns9nant c ' ius te r s are , a i C t l ~ ~ ~

reduce6 for t h e F I j i a n form, c:. t h e y are ceparvateri by

insel i te i vo.del3. S ince f i n a l eonsonzi.ntr, d~ riot o c c u r in

F i J i a n , . ? l t hc r iaeduct ion occu r s , 0:- a f i n a l vovci is

adde J . T!IE , . ; l l r ~ l;!r,;; c.:~trts show possible: correspor.dcnces

for i - : n i p ; : . -, b-i :iLd F'l ,I i ar?, s cmnds .

Eli!2 LI +";?I FIJIAN

3.y -- I

i 4

a .--, --.------------,-,,-- 2

.LT_l,: ---------.--.- --.. ---- at:

The added v ~ w e l s ai3i. ~li.f'f:c~ll-t t c j ? r e d i e t . I -- arid - e

are by fay the mast c ~ r n r ~ ~ ~ i " ? , t/rlt,l? - c~ sovictirnes O C C ~ P T ~ ~ ? ~

a f t e r 'I, a a f t e r &, a n d - u a f t e r rn. - 2u.t in so:fie words,

assimilation t a k e s p l s c ~ , arkd t t n added vawel is t h e

same as s u r r o u q d l n ; ~ vowels ,

- 2 , Orl i , csn t;e jj.:ir~.l., In2,?:, h e m 3 % .L,i: a p01.j.P.~ f ~ p ~ ? fop cjns ~9y531?, . Pc>~-+ zany .cf' the 0-. fixtonot;ns , kc;-- &,l.sc. appears.

* -, -.- . ,-.-

0- f " ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ i , : S z l ~ ~ . ~ ~ : j ~ : t : ~ ~ . z i t 5':le ' ; . ~ e ~ : - l * r ~ t ~ ~ : - . o? s en t ences &;.(:_ cj.seir~?-i.iepe i r . ~ 9:l.ster specsf?, 7!he;t"e A..s r i ~ d i f f ? ~ e n c e in nealliing.

1 3 , ?eka ---- 13 a l s o w e d I'er y r s l f t e n e s s . It %as i;k~e* e f f e c t fjf. r.r;ik.lnc; a ~eqazest G.? " s l ; g ~ e s t L c ~ 4es:; s u r a p t ,

2 , Bsyu refer:; t o two DEODIS, the 3pc;iakcy grid the pc?rc;s*iri , 5 . 1% 1.s c.zk:i.l ' I n c l u s l v ? ,' sin;^ It Z,n:ltndes the l a t t e s ,

I. Kad? - is 1 ~ ~ 2 3 ",f> :~.nk.e cc::arsds l ess a b r u p t . 3 r t

The Er,,?lSsk; ei;ul.va:ke~.t might oc m!,;';d, . .

Cue --- S p n t e n c r ,a"ctern ".."..-'.w-- L ----- E v e t beka na mXkete?

n%ke t o tar?a&a KL 5. F am 2 va l e vale 13baXai korc m3ke t e

Z v e i c e k a n a rn?Ikete'? E v e t beka na taraga? E.; ye: bc:+- nd na maram? E v e i Seka na vale? E v e t beka na vale l a l l a i ? P; yr@:S beka na ktzro". R :$EL bekd na in$ikete!

Yafo vir~c'ka, T a l e riac'a. ~aka-n5;ch, Vakz-t ut 2 f o m Vosot,;.,als. Tu lou . " S 5 do?i;>.l2? 10. Se ira . du sega ni % i l a . E S 2 g i ? 131. Iris‘ ri:~.,

P l c a a e , P ?;zif. n . S 1 3 W l t ~ . T' .. Q A- >: <$.&* L, ' F ~ ~ . r ~ d i : : ~ me, pi^^'^!.‘'^! !?@.

r:o, I 2 o n ' t 1c::aw. I' den? u n d e r s t a n d . ( i t ' s not

7 oar) Cs,

NOTES

1. O ( C I S k o i n s:l.o:.rer s ~ e e c h ) occurs tiefore p r o p e r nouns, -

koYa-'he, x e t , and - c e i '1who7 when mother marker is n o t used. Fox* exnnple, in Au -____________-:, L~;uco m a l tiawaii , o is not used before t-Izwa1.i s i n c e m_aL i s u s e d .

-

2. Tl- : ic ; rx ( - ~ r * c l i o a ) ;I; zlways used if someone payses P

--"-

s onie tkif n q , sLar:d:: , rel+ ~*eaches over anacher person's head, pa:oT.tlczr3ariy 3 f turat p a r s o n is ~f n i g h r a n k , St is a l so sa2d u;f;t:n ~ f n l k r l m ~ through h cr..e~ciod :ires w S t h 1l t tS.e vralk.fnii: space. i t i s ne t used i n the o t h e r ways t h a t

I Z n ~ l f ~ h t e x c c s e !ncT c r Q>al"don nrc-ii; u sed ; tha t Is, t o at ; tyact scrrleCrle% a t t i ? n t j o n , to t ake Teav~a, o r fc? axr i3 :pol i te ec 'c ion ,

A " v i t i n i -- 3 cava Seka na keca 1 'dk.at7s the m c m i n p ; o bale':> :tie nz '?

V f 12axa.

ir1XX. ? o ~ a b u l z r ; s , .

- L, - --- e ~ v a beka n a vcsa v~lcrx- WI-r:xtts ~k:,:.e 'i;'i.jian wl;rd f5.p ?

zava ce f daru do9anu dou d l ? ~ L e i a

whet > ~ f ^ l l ~ b \?Pi,

L ; t Fcrsor: d a ~ a l i n c Z u s l v e r t l ~ h t , ,;or ~ ~ c t , .:;traight 2cd perscn trial 2r1C ?C?I~YO:I dual. : r j uiss.nal, y a s t l . c l e , 1 2 : i r z , at

k 7 ~ r , A E ~ , sometimes a'sc 2s s ~ ; : j ~ i a - & t 09, - i.n P!;esT

Pic; ".

@ a t with, and so, t ~ w ards K f t P l W

v: J iape koyg, o f i +- at, '-. t r l c r e ( d l s",ant) lr'3.k 6 KO l g s o n i i e s :i on i En?$. )

m- 7 L

1 * 5

~ ~ s c a l a c l e a r , p3.2j Q , I n t , c l l l g l b l e P 90a :naci;a please ; used t c mske a command

o r euggescion less abx>upt ~ Z k e t e rr;>,rket (Kngl . ) marama 'Ea3,q mr&t s? f i r s t -ria ::e sJ.t;ep, goodbye -nun1 2nd persorr p7il.araL o r singular

p o l 3 te 2 3" marker f o r corncan nouns r. ! o f n 9: 2nd person p i ~ i r 3 2 . See o n l --. o rnar~ept f o r proper Gnun-;;:, A l so , ko - c"ic s o n t r a c t i o n of' k o --"-" i ----- xu -- cjn? r i d ~ & ~ s o n p l u v a Z oz" s i r ~ y u l a ~

g c l i t e . Also , kcnf ---" -qu 1st person singqtz t a r s2i $c-rkiak : a r r I c ; e S & K ~ sir, r a d w segs. ,ri3 sega ra! 1.. 2t t a l e s-, r* -

* A , " A 1 r - l

t2Lou 1;>arCB~lf i;"?rS

tt tl . aqa e n % eP \?aka- l a i aj, a l i t t l e vak a- l e vu r:reat.iy, a ;ot vr&a-nt%.l,ua s l c 7 l d * y

w- a v a ~ a - t c t o l o fast, Vakz- v4l a r I '.' .> ". , 2 b

I V2ira-v:" k I F i J i 2~ va le k t~)uze

t i -vale le i la f t o o i l e ' c E TJF? I w i2 /, F 2

I v l r. 211 a goad, t h a n k ? ~ o u vos a spc?.X, t a i k ; w o r d , t a l k , s p e e c h ,

1 angl:kL*.&:E> ~ i a 2 i ~ t . L 3~ r;srdsin re y aca. 1.' cr~.t? y c d ~ ~ ?.Jz:.,@ , ;;om r . zming -? d . c rr? f idka p i t * L . c ; ~

R - x i : O F i t & . Tt 's Pe te r ,

ljl John: c K Z L ~ Yiti, c j 13 he FfJ- jany key a?

R u s f : I c , E dua ria Yes* It's a <;on& s c h o o l . k c r o r 2 " i ~ : 1 4 yl-naka..

1. r l ' h ~ p.!irasez; ~ x ? :,f-t7 c!;L~:C,~GT bl ~ e n t e t n c c ~ c a n ~c rr.3rkei-l t hus : ( O eeiS (cy5.j

I ( a C B V ~ ) t n a ncr:>~ :,ak;ir;:z;~ke: Ce kal T:i",ll ( e ; ! k o y s )

2 . Kai --- - r e f e r s t o an I r .kabf ts;~";of a y l a c c . Once used o9 ly for i:iaLe:;. It can :la?: b d r;r;ecI f a r feizalcs a l s o ,

3 . The l i L ~ z * a l mean-i.ng .;f @i!e -- k 3 ' c h 5 . l ~ ' .

- 0 CF- i ria tQr*aqr, o y a ? lJ.;i)lets tha t c h i e f ?

0 c e f nz mnrama oyg? W ~ L s that l a d y ?

G cei r j hr2? .i'hc n.rt;' 2 k h ~ ; ~ ( i J ' L d i . . a l ) ?

- 0 Cl. '; n koyc:. -- ria 4JiL'*'8S.;;&. r12. ;2.2r:-3;iyl,

z- n.23 *Tjh<:;~i:!~;:j. ri-J ?;*iiz

.-- y L a , ..,> 3 . - - . . :"* ..* .... - ci

7 . Patter;::: :'la ~ o - c 171. VUI? xca~?~'?

kayo ni ~ i : i i :dk. korcj nl v ~ 1 : enva?

- makete. 7.Esnni kora t a,P;a mar;na

;g;1 al:; ': * <. i2+Lew a t agane gorre p ,.,-,,:-a .i :r C'i3.!{3

.-. b dua ns gane . E d u a n9 caur.svr;u, - c dsLa ns va le . E d u a ne qase. a d3.3 r!%zj. q h ~ e n l * ~ i . > l i , 3- c du;: aa tco .~a , E drla n&, ki.rl:, 3: *,r-31 E d;~la p.2 yJu, v -. L: dua r:;2 v:: rii 231 \is 7-.

.." c d u a v:;. ni k;::~.;~,

p- Lu; ria l a se nS ~ 3 2 . i o k c ~ & . a - ---- -.- I

VXXb ,

C ut? -----

i c e ~ * ~ ni vuXf qase qase ni vuLi

E, i;uZ air. inBt aX GI Iscya. E d u a A e $Graga o k u y s * E d u ~ f iz. dau t e P t e l o k o y h , * a .

:\la. k o r c cava'? ..----.-

Na k o ~ c nf vrl l i cava? ;ia qase cam? Idit qa.se ni vuPi cava?

cue --.---

I= dljh nti k a i VZti 2 2x19s.

Q IJfta j-: iiua na k a i V l t f G P i t a * u kcyz I: ~ u c r=a ka.i VSitil e koya. o i a u $un na k a i V l t l o iau . 0 Ikc * * .

ria c a ~ n t h cqC ns casrsyo?A oqz n; yalexs 3qC L";a 4JcZwhij;3 ov,)E na Rorx vu:i cq2 - * na g n l ~ e ?I: ~ u l x cc~F

Repeat 'she aoc;re=i ; c n r ; t : - af+-e? t h e X.G&?, whlcl?, now h a s questicra l i ; t c :~a t iu ; l .

" r e EaL1cw l . n~ aue:;tPar;ls Zhe;riselaeiit sepvc ~~s a model f c r t n e znswey. Only L o yes "need De added , and t i l e in tona- -- - e lon changed fro^ c - j u e s t l n s t n stz* ,eyezt , The word order rern~i2nx %he s 2rr;e ,

fS dua ,yo:ze vtj":.i 0 koya? To, e du-? na gone v u i P 0 koya . .--

in& - t a i c su + 1 % ..-, 0.q * ** <>

k e i a n t 5 a & * k b t r , , a

gone VLILL qase n"~:;.~: C%,'1X?87J'~U martma dau teitel t -mat a v j naicz b ulS.

t 5ra;;a l e v u - ti;.P.?ieR v l n2Ka wsle v i n a k a vale l evu

la"L?ai k o r v laii::l. k s r ~ lev,^ va le b a t s b a t a vale b alasrl* va le L a k m i

The 3i.c ch i e f Thc ?cud c h i e f The good house The big house '?.he small house, t h e t o X l e t rhe m a l l v i l l a g e Tbe big v i l l a g e The coo l house The long ko!lc&: The o,f-,tr-,*ch (Zit, sac i-r:c? 's.;3v~ae)

E: dua na. tc~rriata c%. ..- Z 652. :la koro ca.

1. tabu i s t t l ~ C a t h o l i c term P G ~ chsarch S u i i d i n g , The *Esiey:ms use vale - ------ ni I c t a , -- -

Y;:f7J, Q u e s t i o n mil answer.

P a t t e r n : A cava oq5? 'What's this'?'

Cue (with p l c t u r e a ) .-- -

vu n i ::iu vale vale 12.2 l a l aral~? t a c u y al.ewa t a,Tanc gone S o r u xigt ais au gone dau dnu t e i t r - 3

gone gone dau gone v u l l i k o i sa ka

0q01-2. n& vE. r i i L ~ U . Oqar l na v a l e , S q o r i rxa v a l e l h i l a . 9 . . " .

l o n k ~ , t h S k c ~ ~ l d , coo:nesc cdrniais tratl.de u f f ' i e j . a i i- J ad, evi 4 , s u l n youlrh e 3;p e r A t f"& m;e 37 wc a"se r one; g r e c e d l n x 11~11ms i t becomijs

an i r i de f ln i t c : ar";icie as e d ~ l a --- -- rid f"a?iata Q a;an' -.-,------ .---

m i l a I L . r ~ . z k e r n a n

5 t; uden t 2na p e r s o n sinyulap 3 r d Ferson plural a:: i k a p r e f i x PorrnFng o r d i n a l - ----

K(imeraiz frnm c a ~ d i n a l s : .: ~a rua 'set:ondt - ----.---.

LrtZ, abZ t a n t of sal3orr c-., % ,A. : l , i z , f e v e r i s h r I .. .* ,,? d r i i i i . ~ , ~ t f ~ k * tpt?f:

a s c P i c ? ~ ~ l ", 21-d cn s i n g u 3 . a ~ $ ji 1 i.2 3. ky, great , l a rge srrept, e x p e r t , ski ? led; c a x l ~ e n t e r ca:*penter America, Also Anierika -.--~- '-

as I,?, k a l mua D3e3.1erv --a,-----. .--

3 r d pcrs an s inp;u lar zoconut he re , th fs ( b y A,' bne s p e a k e r ) t h e r e , t i z a t ( b ~ y the adAre: ;see) Q ~ C pep:7~~ : te?lei :~~p a f ' <

'- v* L1

:- : 2 % : f ;; y \ ~ j, due 1: : i: :-I. .k 6: " -, -2c: *.. C . 1. . 3n r' er.c:, gar;lc;:! 6; :I. c; ch [zych u l l,i;Lriy e <> ..> f . ,,I . ,2

- %, .,.* t , d . L : . 2 . ? 2 ; ~ ? : ~ t is l*ar~cl j.?: 5k:e

? 2. j 1 :; y rJ i-1;) f,'; ,j j 7{"J('t , g-)gL-#,:<' ? <.. >$ wrk ..- - , < &

t I*<> ." f?

c s e o n ~ t fsyr:,e , ' p -m A . . l ; ; ~ a * ? v \

- -- :.* .I. I.: a I; c 2 L! ?I "i .!- t? 3 c.n i

;d(;,,tjce ";,a.t j.n :FA:'. ;;:R?:~E~) t]i,jjy:r 2313 f'ourtlfi 3.3.71es ir! t h o dia.>.or:::.;:un, t h o t : : ; 1 3 : : ; ( : I X : : L ~ ; ' ~ ~ ; ? ~ g . ; i ke G, ]io)ra. 'I.ie1 1 1s -- or;if t t e d , ;"t? 1 .I ~5 :- c,:7rmb:j,l con vp - i, , ,tlonal. it-, A st$&: if' the t o p i c were :rc,.;tni;c:e .in eaoij :scl?,";.tnce, the s t y l e ~1)l. i! . t j b e s ' ' , i lWd. Tile dr*: l;~, vh-kch d:, no"l,t+tcn;pt t o 'we ccovversa",fonaf., irieluide b ~ t . ! ? the c c z s . e ~ t 2,nd tkc t o p i c .

2 , TJi:.o, 7:,~.L'::!,c'n r;~earjs l i t ; l r a f l y 3 0 stay,. ' , i s used a f t e r the verz t::, in.d:l,cllr.tl. 3 pyc:.~rcs: ' : j ve 011 h8bZ Lual. ac'ti".or~.

3. Zn [nand s e f l t ~ ~ r i c r e , $4 and e - ciyc Int;er~kt3n;;c?a5~.E~e+ A t '&fane:?, :;a -- I s mom ezlPria?-i-c t;hi:i -- + f-i"=r;urny", tt o x p l a i n t h t cl"lff"r,r?nce ncrrc e x p l f . s l t l y have xsuaT1.y f a i l e d , I a l i t a $ e the model.

E cakacaka t i h o ci k ? y s . Z mocz t l k n o &usi . D m ~ k u s i gaX t l k o CI i k o . * "

dabe t L L o n a yase . c f e i tlko na gone.

2 c i c l t i k n o k o y z . A? vcsa t i k o o ,Tons, .-%

!% lag2 s c x ~ t l k o o i4ere. -. c qal,:, t l.ko o F;:s -I., -- tJ q c r f riltc'l o l.,ri.;iL,

- r4e ' 3 working. Rusi 9 s sleeping, Ycutre wast ing t h e . Tl?e oLd n:nn I s 3it"cn.g down. I? he c h i Jd is runclng, 1 : ~ ~ u ~ n i n ? . J c h n ' s t a l k i n g . n,qa -m-r ,, ? s singing, R u s i . z si.~i::,rnir:~ . i~~ i L> .. f i s h i n g .

l &k o Zac;; Bas& s e r ? mocc qa3.o qtsll mcku c i ~ a V0:S a q i t o ti: c u e dace c i c f g'kZdFI V a k a - c ~ ~ p u

ru ~i I+: r ~ a gone. t r s l u E tolu na gone. [The ~ * ; E ~ , P I J c S P ~ : ' l n _ o n t f n ~ ~ j s p i l l w i t h nurnbcrs up t o t e n . ]

1 Moltu s j ~ ~ :;!pans x i t a r s . J ? ~ ' k i i L the d.ay . ---------. -

2 . Ntun~rals fit - I ~ i t o the :;rzrnc. slot as the vcrSs in t h e p rev ious d r i l l s . b; rua na gone melans l i t e r a l l y "are two t h e c h i l d r e n ' ; a.n idiomatic txumsLat ion is ' t w o c h i l d r e n ' o r 'there are t w o c h 1 l d r e n r .

j., :!cti,: 7pAptt t[i'::jc 'r,d.j,:.;:4.;i::~:j f$t !;:to r1.i~ same p a t t e r n as ?., . . l i : i .,-, ?;hey:;' .;:; : ; i , rb l" :~ ; ;~ ; r : r l l d . i f f p r ~ f i ~ f 3 bci;ween:

( 7 , - 3 " -~ . ' , r,.-., , ' , , . . 'c -

, . . . ...,.. . , * J ~ - , C ? ~ L , ? I ? * ~ T ' ! ; ' ' and ; :, 5 . .k .;,v , - b , h . '- .6c,: - v L t 2 ;;+.% . . 1,:; i;ci.:s:. i.3 bji;. '

Guestlan ----- Answer

SB l e v u na ucz? 10, s 5 :evu na uca. 25 v inaka n a va l e? Lo, s a vinaka na v a l e * S z bbalavu ria ~ s u n i s a l a ? . . .

S E Zai3af na uca? Sg ca taba tz na vale? SZ soko na waqa? S5 g a t 3 fia modoo SZ yawa na yanuy snug? SG. f.evu na koro? S Z v i n a k a na kzkana? SZ vinakx n k va le ni kana? SZ v l n a k a 113 vz?,lf; n i ~raqcna? Sg vjnska, na -~al.cr f i i yaquna 121 Viti? SZ l e v u na i~a?

fX. Glven the c u e , v h t n h xay b e e i l n e r top-LC o r c o ~ ~ s i c n t , c o n s t r u c t a senJ;ci~ze cn t h e sbsve s ,ose l .

Cue --.

v i n a k a levv. baiavra batabatz K01'0 vale w ;rqa uca vale ni ~ : ? n a

E l a k o k% n a ~ ~ T k ? + c 1- koya. C t 2 . k ~ n a i S u v : ~ . " E lake rnai ! 4 ; ; / ? 1 2 i ~ t ~ 0 P i t a . E cakacaka !;il:o c ~ a Z ?it: o koya. E l a k o kf na v z l o ni k m a o RusZ.

I. Place nacres ta.l.ie ne a d d i t i o n a l marker when used w i t h t h e d i r e c t i u n a l s . Thus :

kf. na rnEzdetk ki Suva

E 5 l k c mzj. Vanua Levu o r4ere. E l a k o I E ~ n a notolcz o Sala. E l ;ks ki n a waqa n a t k a g a o q L E eakacaka t i k o ma3 n a k o r o ni v u l i n a t m a t a oqa.

XI, S i m p l e s u b s t i t u t i o n .

c Ut3 .--. - Sentence -----

La.ut; oka E l a k s ki Lau tcka c k u y a , n a hose E llalco ki na base o i ioys . sra waqa n a mc"ca~8 na bosr na v a l e n i yaqoza n a va le ni kana na v ~ k e nS I:ura nx ;tcr*o l a k*..)rfi n l vrrl i - T

G an # ~ c j~e -:;2

n a s i k o a na. gznuy:nu. 'I'a rn~lv i i i t

X I I , 83ues t ion and answer.

&ues4:ion: E l n k o kl v e l o k a y a ?

n a m5ke:e E l a k o k i n& G k e t e o koya. - Sux7;3. c l a k ~ ki Zuva o koya ' Lautoka ZIE bast? ,- ' l a - '%faf;,? ns ua?e ni kana n& vs3c ni kuro as v d l c ril gaqcna ".. - ns. 7ral.i n? yaqcna nl. va ,;;lczr_.i )-A 3. k 3 PC1 1%; !+:r,u%c ni vr , l% Vzr~~la I.c: vt1 na s i t o n T~mavtaa na ysn9dyanu

..- p , y a I.akr: lnaf I d a ~ na !{one V I A ? . ~ . ?- 2,xha $;orre nl L a d .

1. %%I it; line< dith p l a c e s sway f1-31n the s ~ t z o k e r . T ~ I U B ~ -- - someor.e i n Suvs wo i~ l r 2 usr ?--?,.- ;:her. s a y i n c SQmeLnC? i s from IJacli, 9 u t if he safrl so:,xeone was fro? luva o r b i j l , he wriuld

R I L ~ ahT a mcku moku s l g a

@mot0 .- w ~.;at; ck 8, <pen%

q a l o p""

E r i k o ma1 Suva o koya . E t i k o F: l i leriks o koya .

r1 s r r - $ -,*

;;,f:e t .j"ri*-

clerk ;~a.k:2 .--- -- - I f;;ztCc v r t ; ~ h e ;

traric, -.- cakzvz. -.--- X'UII sit; L<J~I>"! (t,trce: z rue , gcntl l n e , s j n c e r c , wor thy 3 r d p z r s r n piurai -d~ :k , s t r c L 7 , po f ' u r glexsurv.? earrpcy s h a r p p a t h , t m c k , road fl.2-h *- 1. act? b. .~, , ,

: r L i 1

i - 3 , v ? , ~ re arr3j-ye, corn? to a str:p :; -j y: p; S <::"t, ; ) ref :~-~sl t Ion cf ~ j l a ce o r

X!C. vernent 0 2 c": t.13 t : , u s u a l l y t c r i E 2 a s t i r k k i i l t i m e or pass ti:::c? s p e r r a v t c r r c a r (Enq l . ) p e n , pezny ( Z n g l . ) svtin

I. LC?% siwa

< B BICO < s a t e $-% %~'~1a t a l a , I

t;arausexf: - t L' &.Lib a 2 f2 tfko

L t l c a vaka-cegtx

cf 'vsle ni kana A. v21e nl Kuro ;, v a l e y i i y aacrr a

Place names

E #5. Kororcvu Lab 2s a. Lakeb a LaTil. i a u I.atlt oka lama1 v i t 1 N nGi Eausorf N a m a RaklraZri S hvue avu Si gat o i ~ a Suva S ornos omti

p l a y f l s n with nets day , s t o p r a l n i n g , d a y l i g h t ,

s crrny s%cre (En:x3, ) Ttne T i s h i n g s a i l 2 I l f ~ t (E r I j ? l* ) minister t r o u s e r s (i<ng:~. ) w a l k , s t ~ o l l B s i p of zontinuat; ir3n, pyogress ,

o r haoltxal a c t i o n s i t , r e ~ : ? - i ~ , be I r ? a asiacz t h r e e f a s t , q t l l ck ~i.3126 on ; 5: --- - ?"Pt:,x25, be ,ax 3 - p l a c e 1

(2 3.k e $ tip ' - ----- rei-a res t , retC.?? e a'r;.Lr?g J 3 ~ U S C , r o s t au~*~q.fit; , c 2fe it i t .~kittn, cc;:skIr-tq ? , ~ t j i t j ~

y2:lljna c ; ~ ?*# ; { 1 ii; ,:

%f;.nri, p;ac:c shoe , r 2ilri,:3. Csrrcasf a:?. A ;.so v5l a 4 dress (Enp;;. @la:c-h3-- --..-- <

3ef;'r;er, bilok 9cl~C

year I s l a n d kava d i s t a n t , d:st.anee

(Tinie expressiorls ; p a s t arid rut are ; nega t i ve ; v i a ) --

A r E v c i o Niko? A-J Where's Wikc? 1 whnt t3 see him. v i a L laic!. knya.

A: il; a l s k c e nafca? Wncn d i d he go?

A : J' a sega ni Zako Ife did; .ngt p . 2 yer,tc?-day? e nanoa':

1. & 'want ' 1s fiili.rjwe(i oc ly b2 v e r b s . T h u s , AU VIQ 1&.0 'I wsnt to g o ' , I 'Ifin t h i r s t y (I tiant t o d r i n k ) ' . $;hen a ncun is tasr?ci as tfi:,~ f,SJect - of %wantT, v lnaka ta is

T - - 7 7 u s e d : Au v inaka t a r;a k s ISifrQ '1 want t h i s (th,ng,

2, Tiate the dS ; f i r e r ~ z c in tke :irc@ers t o rl:;yLzf;fve cluestions i n 3ri~fisi.s and Fi , f i:.:n: ENsGLISH: 315ntt he L<3? >do, hc f i . i d n f t .

T FlJ lAl i : K ::: aseya rj I ? & o : '*?esi, e s. sega ni lal.co* F2e E n g l i s h ~ Y . S W ~ P 1s t ; ~ the f ~ e n s ~ l cf t h e q u e s t i o n ;

t12e E"i,jlaf? ~ R S W ~ T ' i s $3 t h e scans%u..i~ction o? t k c yuest?.on.

E na l e s u taL8 nal ni - m a t a k a . .---

e na, vu3.a o M$ E :I?. 1 . e ~ : ~ t a l c :.131. e na vk!la ri Xi?. 7 -- e na vu la Q ;anuc-:rZ I+, ne l c s~r . t z l e 1::a.i F? ri2- ~ ~ l a @

,I ti!? tue r L . e na v u i a o Nag% a . 3

e %a r ~ s t a k a ni aatsl*:~). e na Bio~;l. e na. bog;:I. n3. m~. . t ;ka e ns gi:ikyvL

3~ y ak,-::T.,r.l. r.1. ;i~at:<,ka. e da ida f e ala yaka;?i e !jp,,:;i-;.;ii;j Ff 32 111a~*:.aka e n a r.;at3k3. rdai:-3:1^1

MEnit f ,- ns s,ig-a C ) i ~ : E f i $ t i , J ara ue r9. Fepe r u e r l 'J&ara~?:c?l [cc;mt;ific:e m;:)r!tii:r a.r;d C2.y s 3

, - 11x2. CependJ.nr: -. c.;ri tk.: c u e , C ~ I . : ~ I ; L E a ~ p r ~ p r i a t e t e n s e markers, 5 or ., h:i- .---

E a l nkn e nanoa. .-. *-.---- r,' .- >,-. -: l ,ako %:I nataka, -..-- ---- rA3 ~ ~ a t . a k & !: !-:a l a k o rlri :mtaii;a. e r:anoa L 2 3 aka e rianca.

, . c da-t ds l i.. :r i:alco e 3aidaL. /% na l a k o

t ? 6aidaZ . e na v ~ u L a o Juze E lake e sa y u l a o J u n e . /

v..

5 na I a k o e r:a vi, i la o cJune. e na m a t a h nral netaka E ~^ra Zako e :la nabaka nl. ~ a t n k a .

C e 11s b ~ ~ i 611 rrja~aka E na l & k o e na k>~i : i nl mataka. c na t o l u na ka?f>xo E a lako e n a t 1 9 ; ~ na k a l o k o . /

E 113 Zako e r ~ a t n l u na kalolco. e n a r q ~ t e 2 ' ~ ~ ';f r~ancc 'i=, a laka e n a nratake c nanoa. e n a yak&-iri c nanop E a l ako e na y a k a v i e nmoa. e na yakav t l ni xacaka E n a l a k o e nr?; yakav i ni mataka. e nz keg2 Z1; a e na bog i .[S ~ 1 % J - ~ I C C

E l?a bopk.

IV. Repetition.

Au v f a lake" ni mst : ) !<z~ . Au 75 s TlOPy.2.

k g 'ri12n8. E;: t;i& gkn?u il koya, 0 v?z rriat,e? 0 v i a L3M1 ~'z"iia? - - C) v-ja Cj v l a "raka-eegt;? 0 v i a la-ki q o l i .

O via --.""-.-- i a k o e nz bue;l?

LCSU tz t le :~inl. O v i a l e ;u t a l e n:at F. !*a t o g i ? 5riri.1: ti VP EL gi : l i~.~ 6: t ~ a 13 c ~ ~ f ? gunu %ia 0 via. g ~ n u b f a c n ~ t bwl? 'G zri?.3.:iig . . . d5r-i; s l. f;!de i aka k.i [?a va3.2 x:% yscjcr:;ra. l a k a k-t :; ars y a l c y :?,A o cmee e J c E , k;luta l z k o kJ gdna

'Che asterl.slr, i r~ t i le rz te :~ a st>ntence C)L> a p e t t e r n i-nt.o which npw vocabir lary, o ~ t s l d e the I.csson, might be used.

Au na sega nJ. l a ' k i siwa, ni nataka. E a sega n i l ako c na vu l a o ME, E ns s e g a tli lcsu t a l e mai e na s i g a !4Gnitl. E na sega ni l e s u t a l e ma1 e na vula o TIseba. E a segn ni Hesu rnai e ria bog i . E na sega ni lafki Suva e na y a k a v i . E s a n a sega ni ta ra vale ni mataka. E sega ni macala e na sigalevu n i k u e . h na sega ni ... l a f k l - Suva e na m~cawa E ~ L oq6. E a sega n a gade e na loma ni vula rua s a o c i ,

IX, Makc? nggatiwes of the following sentences ,

Au na la'kl siwa n i z ~ a t a k a . E a laka e na vuZa u K E . fi: n a l e su t a l e nai e n e s i g a R B n i t i , E aza l e s ~ l t a l e ma2 e ria v u l a o TTseba, E a less rnai c n a D t g k . E n.2 L a t k i Suva e n a gr~h.avf. - c s g n s tars vale nX rxacdka. E na xma;~~I.a e s l p l . e v u nikrra. E na l a f k l . Suva .c n a mZczwz mai oq8, E a gZdP e na Isma r,l v u l a rua. sB o f % .

Xa. Expans f u n drn i E l ,

Cue --

sega nf vaka- l e v u 8 e na rnataka

Sentence

Au segs nP v5a kana* A u sega n l via kana vaka-Xevu. Au a sega ni v i a kana vaka--levu. Au a, seGa r,l via. kana vaka-levu

e na natakn. A u a sega ni via kana vaka-,lcvu

e ns mataka lailai. ku a sega ni v i a kana v a ~ a - l e v u

3 na rnataka l a l l a l e narioa.

e na waqa na ki Nukui e na y a k a ~ i

E s s k o e na waqa, E n a soko e na. waqa. E na soko e na waqa ki Iu'ukul. E na sako e ns waqb ki Nukul

e nn y~aksvf .

nl :.ataka

sega n i

E na S O ~ O E na ~ ~ a q a ki Nukai e na y a k a v i ni mataka.

3 n a sega ni soko e na waqa kX Nukul e n a y a k a v i r.i rcataka.

Xc.

v i a a sega ni ki na va le fJ n8 13092 e n a s i ga T E s l t l

XI:. Etepet i t ian ,

Au v i a gvrnil. Au v i n a k a t a n a wa? n i moll.

0 VIA ma$e? O vinakata na ra t e?

0 v i a siwa? 0 v inaka t a na s i :~a? '

X I $ . S u b s t i t u t i o n ,

USE? e i t h e r v.1 a+ 001 ~ ~ i r i ~ k i l t 8 . -- .---------

Cue ---

n a 2Wasra. sisi3.i slwa na wa n i s i w a y aq orta r.o c e

Y want to d r i n k , 1 wan% lc:::aon ,j uf cc .

I want t c c a t . 1 want f'30d.

30 y o u want Lo Bie? So you want dea th?

DC you whnt t u fish? 33 you like fislai.ng?

Au v i a gmnta wai nl rno2i.. - -- -"--ma------

Au vinakata ria k8kmae AU V ~ Z ~ i ~ i l i . Au v l s s i w a , A u v i n a l ~ a t ; ? na p i g nf ~ 2 1 ~ 2 . . AG u j n a k e t a Ea yaqona* A t l vZa ~ C C F ~ ,

f, ' G dau siwa' is core r ~ f t e n asked,

I Su~pLemenSary d ia logue .

A : E dua na k'a nni Co y o u w a n t any th ing? v i n a k a t a ?

5 : To, a u v i a ra ica na Yes, I1c; l i k e to see t he D * 3 . D,G.

:;!:rielxc 1s h e ?

in ~ ~ g f i ~ d a w a .

30 yi; '~ know \ * : ~ c I I PIC is .i:oing t;o be k;::ck?

hIoJ I d o n f t know,

---- -- -"

1. Y ~ G fs the s h o r t farm o f oq8.

- a. b i s d a i d a i dZn2 s i 3 , 0 , Feperuerf Tausa ZQrL J anue ri J u n e kg kal l iko kg, e jR5 kirs a

les u Zoma ng;,caw n !cia J 'c aeta m t a k a , r:a mataka ms taka , n i rnstalca mate MB rnocernoce, ?.. mo li MZni t i rnk~ri-a

Sara s avas av5 nigaleva s i s i l i t ara t a ra la i5

pas t %ense marker beer (En@. ) t oda:;

-

February ( E n g l . ) t irne d r l ~ k January (IJz-ilsl. ) June l i 3 n C ~ . 7 . thing clock ( E n g l , ) her:, this pi.ace t i lere, t h r e k y , t h e r e w i t h ,

t h e r e fmycrn ye '; lJw'n center t , n ldd l e , i n s i d e aeek ??arck (:';nr;l . ) r~2.s CJ 1423t.i -".--.- f ' ; b ~ ~ , eye I:', o l.-ibl n ,.; t;or?errt;\\r clisease, a te ? k y ( Y 1 1 3 i ) s l c e p l n g p i a c e , a bet2 c i c r u s Pllc;nC~y {E;nql. j

, 2 - --. rfc21szl.r7: 'trans. ntrria; .---- e x u r l ' b e h i n d , la te- ' , -7-

k i murf 'to t h e pea?'. -.--- -- ~ a i rnuri. 'a t or. from t h e rear ,

future tense marker time, when yesterday t o d a y v iL lage on t h e Reua Delta fi!lf.si., , a f t e r ;?OW, thor:, so, Just +7 ad.^ .. 3 l ~ : l g S t , v i s i o n , see , --

t indcr*standi ; t rans , ra iea watch c l e m mlciday , noon b a t h e 5 d3. Id a k9md of meke darnced w i t h b o t h ---

par tners kcsldikg arms and fricina the front, stepping alcng wich a fas t bea t .

TPseba TGsite v5 Vaics,raubuka Vakara~.ls.rai v i a v9.nakat a. vu l a Vun% daw a

trans. t a ra la la taka dance --.---- w i t h someone in this fashiont.

Decernber (Eng l . ) Tuesday (Eng3. ) four Frti dad S a t tarday want to want, l i k e month, moon administrative s t a t i o n f o r t h e

P r o v l ~ c e of I'jsit,zsir*-t f ' i shfng l i n e water evcnirng - a reflection; k s n a --.."------ j.fyaloxa.lo -- - --me

?he image o r p o r t r a . i t o f . . . ' ; ria, n u c u i ~ a l o _ y a i o 'the p i c t u r e " " - --- I. ownt

FIJIAN

1. Dialogue t o b e memorized.

A : 9 ra ica nz noqu i 3.

Have you seen my k n i f e ? se ie?

B: Au sega nl r a i c a . f haven" teen i t .

A : 38 i sele n e l c;ei e I.Frllrse k n i f e 1s i.!f l l i s x ring? t;ama tiks a V I l i m e ?

B : Cya na gonz* Ha That P s h i s . Ycur k n i f e is nomuni i sere e Aik'f"ercnr5. d~ait2bl.i e

1. F i J i a n has a marc? deta.flr:d syst,eE ~f j :c?aseaslves ( g e n i t i v e s b t h an Goes Engl, lsh, A s t l r l example, rny "can be tsans3.af;ed in foh r xays, depending trpcra what i s pos:;essed. The f ~ r l l o w l r l ~ : d1ag1-anp. S!IOWS t h e ouPGhi (~~ of t?it-- system:

Possess ion -------

ke- ( f o r e d i b l e s ar:d cermira. - S u f f i x e d farms Tor : f nn;te q ~ a 2 i t l e s )

k i n terms --.--.--- -.".

The nezbership o f some words wf ll cane as a s u r p r i s e t o speakers o f E n g l i s h . Tavakr, .------- ' t obacco t is c la s sed as an e d i b l e , r~sol i em-- 'citrus as a cir lnkablc.

In genera l , t he rncn?be?shf? o? a gartlculrr w o ~ d to o m class is i"airly r i g i d , l3ut t he re i s some c u t t i n g ac ros s c lasses . Dalo t a m ' is, as one would e x p e c t , in the e d i b l e --- cLass.-%~ if one is speaki r tg of -- d a l o s t r i c t l y as a m a ~ k e t a b l e p r o d u c t , he uses t he no-. possess l ve.

Fop t h e language l ea rner , t h e whole sys temopera tes like a gender system and s h o u l d be t rea ted as such . Thus,

E E sega ni l a k o k i n a noda bose. - E a l a k s kt na nona 1 teitei, E sa y a l i na nonunI i. s e l e ? E v e l bcka na nodra i t e l t e i ? Nomu lako--au na rarawa k i n a , OyZ n a ricciaru. ?I itau. E vef b e k a M:I nomu tgnaa? 35 l e v u d fna ?a nona k o l T . S^a t o t o l o d i n a na noc?a waqa. E sega ni ga t2 qa noqu X sele,

as Pn German GP French, nouns have t o be fearr~ed w i t h t h e inasker of gerlder. F o r t u n a t e l y , t h e class t o which a r,our? be longs Is much easier t o p r e d i c t in F i J l n n t h a n i n German o r F rench .

Oa? na nsna vele ni kana ,

n oq m nomu - nornuni nodr>a ri odaxu noda noqG nona nodra

- Oqs ?a noqu va le n i kanz. Oqo na nomu v a l e n i kana.

I V , Q u e s t i i o nand answer.

D r i l l l e a d e r pollits t o C ~ C , ~ W C , th ree , o r r n ~ ) ~ e of' ti712 class and asks, Sel e e l h ? -- --.--

C ue - Answer - ( p o P n t s t o h 3 . n : ~ ~ :f'l Na nomunf. ( p o i n t s t o s t u d e n c r+ec i t l ng ) IJa noqu, (pain2;s t o anotkier s t u d e n t ) Na nona. Letc.3 * * .

Oqi3 rAa naqu vale.# G q 5 na noqu tanqe". Oqb n a nomu matokz, Oq8 na ncam~: koro , Dqori l?a nomu p e n i . fly2 na nemu yanuyanu. Oqb na nodaru vale . O q B n a nodasu k o r o . OyB na nodra k o r o , Oy% na ~ o d r a y anuyanu.

Cue ---

noqu k v r o vsle ni kana !ZCr?1U aya vale l a l l e i o q c r i nma 3r.uro vale ni k u ~ o

V I I . R e p e t f t f o n d ~ p f l l ,

S g kana v inaka d i n a na kena ea lc ,

Oq3 n a kequ t a v l o k e . E l e v u n a iicrla. QVI. F, SaJairu n a kernlznz i k a . GyE ne kena tavako 38 vakzrau n a k r n u

kEicarta. S% o t l LEI kequ tavauo.

Cue -.

T h i s i s my hotlee. This i s ray canoe. T h i s I s y o u r car. This I s y o u r village. Thst * s y o u r pen. That's y o u r i s l a n d . This f s our bouss . This is our ~ l i l a g r . That ? s t h e i r v j l l agc . 'Xihat. t;;P s t h e i r I s l a n d *

Sentence --..+-.

C'kJ-5- 5 3. rkOl0-d- *~uk~** -

Oc;o na noqu va le , O q 5 n a noqu kt7vo. Gq5 na rios:> vi;ie 39 kana. OqF rim, f,l:,E-.n - ~ a i e nf kat-a. - Ilybji! rxh r'rryL v s l e 2% ksxia* Gya na nonia v 5 i e Lz.l l2i . G q ~ r l r , ~ rnr:riu ?,z."iL:?L. G q s ~ * % na nona r z l e l a l l a i . Cic,sri ria mcna :curas Oqari n a no~irt va l e ni klxrrs.

His ta ro Is r ea l l y good food.

:?,en"ses;ce -*- --

SF. l e v u ns kcmu - tavako.

5% bcvu na kemu tavako. SEt. i e v u na ke:sunT tavako.

,-, - ss s:-~i;l:l :; lna!,;a !.l i . ,c pa '1: .* -\ ;: ?.r 2 :? or. a, re 2 1 ': :i i; ;I :: t e $ n 1 (: e . 2[:2:'28 ~ '? : jo i ] j

p. - v... - iL; 0 n 2 i r j c c-; :: ' ;:; "'3 (:, ,j..rais j.5 rqy ~ a ~ ~ c : , ;; 5. 1 ai 3 .-a ; :-. 4 ;,a I:~!;%;U~.; IF 3 .l 3, yai l r bczfwr' ... , _ . alrrLost c ~ p t y . ,..- . , j ;i *L tir :J :; 2;i T c2 rl ;% -,,: ,.;G~PL;, ., ' . He rias ZL l o t 3f Y ~ c u ~ D ~ ? . fJy ;;a .."I 1 k L ~ ~ t w .> fr. ; . T!it.s: ?n$. '7~. .3 g " IS yo;j,rl n:elc;~;,. f, - n 7 ja. naca ns 1:ilc;qu : d x ~ . - :J y ;*! at s r f s u :r,p t ;j . 5 3 ka f ::.i.; :,..t:j r : ~ rr.e:-;u w.:lli . Yc;ur ?iintc:r i s h o t .

1 'JeplabTe s l o t .

r:!cq u me Len1 ". QN a E:e i-1 c;. ti r, v:, I . - ' A dl. ??i. ,::.:Ur:L: c!.: d r 2 u Cr.l(3 , .,, T' j :..- h , i i :.;I c;oiZ

G q c j na meq1.i yaqona . - ( 2 ~ 0 na, mequ x e l t : ~ i , -~ Oyr;. ria rnec:L z!:?el.t?ri! , -. Oya na. mena n e l e n f , g;? la k'la Pien3 d.oi$:i . -, - ....ya !la :~ ie~;- r w2.1 ni cTt;TiU. - ~J;J;-,. r i a mecrrWscr wal t l i ::tnnii, Or4 cv.5 na ;r:edraa wal, n i TuI.iL1, S'q c,:*-4. ria i::.ecir;a~~ tia5 n,: .;ii?ii ..

b i a vu.xka Ti2q 0 l k n vale 2 1 . 1 ~ +- r 7 , - 5 " .. L d u dk,~; :$ aq 03 Fz PQIlTO?*i - turia3a 1.d 2,p a ? L!VI. v i vl. l i . K 31: :-in a :I 3nri;4 ;f;. l,J

!fa kedrau k i iLs~a d i n a . L Na me:u mayo d r e u , Xa nedrau me1e:ii k m i k a n i c a , i\:a :lonu ;+ anuyanu Ir7-J.?.aie Na ~erntidrau. vuaka v ~ v i .

Cuc -- Sentence ..------

E: dur~ nn vale 3evu oya.

f 3 . ~ 2 . na va le lai.Lai ~77s. - E ,:aa r,a vale v f n s k a o y a .

Sentence

dovu we le t i I;! aq o b Li

Oq2 e dua na dvvu k a m i k m i e a . * . "

< , , , r j s , - ril; va le v jnaka . L'qii, r3a &%kana vinaka.

I. Yay(;, cassava, c t c . ester] w i t h 1 c a i ' f i s h , meat ' .

b . daho kequ vina.ka oq 5

c . i k a kens viml aka oyz

f, wal mena batabatz oqar l

na vuaka na kenu vuaka n a kemu vuaka vavl oqor i na kcmu vuaka vav i

na. da lc na kegu d a l o na kequ d a l o vlriaP.a oq5 na kcqu daho v i n s k a

na lika na k e n a I k a n a k e n s I k a v i n n k a og5 na kcna I k a vinaka

113 peni na nor-;#; p p ~ i n r ~ rlomu 1:1eni k s u na nomu pen3 X 3 t s ct j1avu aqcr i :is :ioRu oerli kau ba lavu

ria y aniiyankr na nona yanuyanu r:~. ncna yanuyanu nuKa v u l a oyS. na nona yanuyanu nuku vula

n a wai na mena wal na nena wa-i. batr-rbatz rjqori nn mena wai batabaca

ni maqd n a nedrau. maqo. >a medsau Z s c rmqo oqox9 na mcdr4au i s i maqo

A : il;;.lcr vlxeka, e rwa Piease , can you h e l p r r e ? n.1 o v ~ k c i au?

3: Ic, x;a csva r,a ncimta Yes. dhatqrs y o u r prrz9lern? 1.e:; a?

A: E raytie ~ e k n n3 G Can you shaw me t h e p o s t vzka-r,sltakn v e l au o f f 2 ce? na posf t 3 v c s l ?

8: Na y ~ s J t 6 v e s i ns vale T'rc p o s t o f f i c e 9 s that t.rf;ite vu3 a v u l e 3y z ,--l o au b*.ni l d l n g , k i * ~ t I t t , l n k f t - rAa~2s:-ia nj. 2 ::a S C ~ P C c ? osed at th ree . e r,a t c l~ ; .

A: Oi, au sZ, lria qa.1 l~ sk r ; i'2t-2, I ?il go t h e r e t;orncraru:li kina. ~ i i s~a t aka , the-n, Thank y o u v e ~ y n!uct;. \'il?&s -j;?ka-.j.e*.ju.

d u z t an1 -r r a u -It ot i kanlkaxlca k n l E k a r o le q a

1Lma r~aca nadra2 naqo maqos a

matua KC? l 2 n i - 3lU

-riudou -!.nudr.a~t rr an urna r,ei nuku - posi tcivcsf raraw a paw a P0Ul"OU s e i e , 1 scgo sc, i

tau, i +,aura t avako t a v i o k a t avuteke uvi va.ka-2oLo v a k a - r a i t a k a vaka- rau

a coconu t f c r d r i n k i n g I s c persor& p l u r a l . i r i c l u s ive tzro 1 s t p e r s o n dua' i n c l u s i v e sucar c a m 3 r d person p l l a r a l ripe o n l y , a l one ; na k k a Xcvw duadua

"he bigges--"- 3 iF fe ren t 1st person d u a l e x c l u s i v e 1st; c e ~ s o n t r ia l . e x c l u s l vc swec t do '* cot t o o s h o r t f c r , d i s t ~ e s s e d ; as

n . , c i a n ~ c r , t r o u b l e f i v e f31:Ttg ( o f ~ t f t j ~ l ? ) , d r y i"; re ad z3X1p0 j El? : r l , ) c3refu1, i:Jz*sca?, d i l l c e n t ,

s1::llctl ::atare , raipc n e l u n ( L n g i , ) 2n3 Ders en s2.nar1la.r 2nfl p e r s o n " r i a l . Also duu --- 2na ;3ersQn dua l till: nk of', b e l o n c i n g t o sand post, o f f i c e ( E n e l , ) unhapplneos , pa in , s u f f e r i n g a5 1e, p o s s i b l e , done Carl,: leaf lcni re close (an opening) c o e o n t ~ t l ea f baske t f o r c a r r y i n g

i T 0 3 d ~ wooden bow: f o r 3repar81ng

p r 4 c 2 a. frlerif3 h o i d w i t h t he hand t a h a r c o , c l garet tes (Eng1.1 cassava, aan ioc , t a p i o c a ( E n g l . ) f r?; y am p r c p a r e d f n cocorlut m i i k s 1 1 0 ~

ready, prepared

\y:t .,r v; Y 2 12. VOU vrlaic a vuke-a v u l a , vuLavula

cookcd i n e a r t h oven s e a s h e l l s 11e w P ~ G vuke ' h e l p ' ; t r a n s . vukea -- --- white; % is used as a d j e c t i v e

in compounds P aP a:? 2 2.03 t

F'IJPAc;!?

A i ka ono ni lGsor i i

( Ina l l enab le possess ion ; transitive v e r b s )

I, Dialcgue t o be nemcrlzed.

A,: C!ceioyi%? Whot=, tnats?

A: K 3 c a v a e m a i cakava?

W1-i at; d i d h e

ti: E mzi l a k o v a na He eaae a f t e r his 15i)at. nona waqa,

A: E na sf;icosaka nfktla? WI1.3, he s a i l I t , tsday? I B: Sega, Sa le t a nP sa. No because h2s arm is st911

navoa t i k o v a k a l e v u 3 s d l y i n j u r e d . na. l i ~ a n a .

A : E E nmavoa. ~raka-cava? Iiow was it hilrr? I 3 : E 5 t a y a e n a n o n a He cu t it wish his k n i f e .

i s e l e .

A: Ei cakacaka t f k o a IJ1-iere docs he work? vc%?

B: E dau t e l t e i , He is a. farmer. -

A : Ma cava so e tez*? What does h e p l a n t ? I 3 : Scge, e qarava t i x o Bo, he looks a f t e r the f m i l y

n a n o d r a t o u b Z ni c a t t l e farm. b u.lumakau.

1. I n the d i a l c c . ~ e , v?~gogg, l fgana, and tmana -- are examples o f words f u r k i n term,~ and body parts t ha t take a d i f f e r e n t form of possess ion than t h e examples ir, the previous lessorl. These fomls are s u f f i x e d to the base, causing the stress to be shifted, For example , tama ' father" tamas -- 'my f a t h e r t .

Note t h e similarity in form to the other possessive: noqu, -92; nomu, --mi; nona, -na; e t c .

I?. F e p e t l t i o n .

O k ~ g a n a tmaqa. F: v e i na tina.mu? 0 c e i na yacana? SE t lulab'j la v inaka na t inanu? 4- fi 1-[ L A ra1-8 ki p a rnzkete n e t a c j n & * 9% cuCru waka-levu ria wattqu. S5 eakacal.~:~ tiko ns t ivzsqu e nana vale ni k u r c . 3qE na t i n a i k e i r a u . 0y5 na t i n a d r a . E tasv f mate v a k a - l a f l a t na buqu. Au a sega ni ralei t a c i q u .

Cue ---

l u v e q u y alewa t ernar:a. w a t i q u wat i m 9 w a t l n q t f n a l A x7sne l c v e i S a k l 2 s i $,xrnaJ Sons wati I S a k i a s l

Cue --

mat a q . ~ d a i k a q u 'iLC dq l.1 g 11s c.rJ 12 l i g a q i ~

FtZ h u l e b r i l a v i n a k a na t i n a q u . SZ b u i a P u l z v i n a k s 113 lrivcqu. 35, b u l a L u l a v i n a k a nz tainaqu

i n i l a f , . . .

Oq6, na nia. tagu. L . .

P -*-

1. The p o s s e s s i v e w i t h -i -- is used f o r t h e words t h a t b i l l 1

t ake the s u f r i x e d pusscs s ives ,

kw",qu y BVP.Cj U ds&u nl uluyu bat iqu m a b i zone da l iga i Pone

Cue -

mat a d a l i g a UCU $US u l i g a kete y zva. Gat i. :fiatai 30nc

Sa mask na u l u q u , ----

I V . Question a.nd arrswes. f n s l r u c t s r poirnts to bvdy p a r t 2nd asks what I t is, Studen t repll.e-, ,

A cava aq;? O q o r i , na (u:~qmunij. A cavz oqwri? Oq:, na I i g a q u . e t c . 9y us ing o t h e r class menbers, t he i n s t r u c t o r can e l i c i t most o f the forms.

V . S imple s u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue -

at a dai lga, UCU g U S il l i g a k e t e y ava b a t i mat a% Jone

Sentence --_- Oy% na gone yaiewa. SE t a u v i

mate o koya. S 5 rnosl na v l u n a . ---

. . . S Z m u s i n a natana. . . . S 5 mosi n a dal iganz. . . '

SZ kana t i k o na t a c i n a , S5. kan ia na 5aPo o koya. 38 gur,ir t i lco na tm-J 7 na. 3% gunuva na b P a o koya. E 5 t a r a vale t f k o ma1 BZ o koya, - E: a t a r z na va le o koya. SZ r a i xl.naka t a l e na rnatanae Au s5 ra iza na nona va le .

1. E 2 kana. E a k a n i a . E , k a ~ r i a na da lo . E 5 kalr?Sa na da lo n i k u a . E k a n i a n a dale n l k u a ma1 NaCi.

2 , E lake. - E a l akova . - E a. Iskova. na 2ka . - E a laksjva na i k a e ria s iga MZr,f?,t i . E 5 lakova na ika e na s i g a M6niti k.L r ~ a mzkete,

3 . E 5t ;a ra . E Z. tarZ na v a l e . E 5 tar5 na vale e na y a b z k i sa o t i . E 5, targ na vale e na yabuki sa 0x1. m a i na k o r o ,

4 E Z.f;.iva, - 5 ;2 slwata. E Zi slwata n a i k a , E 5 slwata n a i k a e na b o g i . - E a siwiita na ilca e n a bogi e na ucfwai .

1. T h i s d r i l l c o n t r a s t s some i n t r a n s i t i v e and t r a n s i t i v e v e r b s . '"The form of the tsx'i;nsitive s u f f i x is usua'kly a consonant plus -g, and f o r most v e r b s , t h e consonant never changes. T h i s means t h a t f o r each verb l i k e $unu drink , - t h e f u l l e r Fam, gunuva must b e learned .

*--,J

Some verbs ending i n -a, l i k e kTXa %nowt, lengthen the -- f i n a l v ~ w e l f o r the t r a n s i t i v e farm--kilZ,. Some, l i k e kana -- ' e a C ' , have an i r r e g u l a r form.

When t h e t ; r m s i t l . v e form appears w i t h o u t an o b j e c t , the o b j e c t i s unders tood. F o r example, kmia means 'eat; i t t ; --- kii5 'know it?.

Cue --.-

2. akova rra i k a e na siga I4Gniti ki na m~ke'be

t arii n a vale e na ;yczGa%l, s Z o t i

siwata na i k a e n a bo[::l E! l?8 M ~ ~ V J ~ ~

I . Repetition.

Au B r a i c l . t a a q u , I Au sega ni k i l a i icoya. % B l a k o v l t a c i m u . Au % vuke i koya . E B c i c i ~ i tankana o ,Tone, E B ta rsg i au o kaya, Au B r a i c i koya naai vale. E dodonu rno l a k o v i k u y a .

E Z kanzi. E 2i k a n i a . E B k a n i a na. d a l o . E 5 k n n l a na da1.o nikua. E 5 karzia na dalo rrikua mai I.ladi.

E Z lakc, E B lakava. E B Zakova n a dka. 15 E Zakrjva na i k a e I r a e i g a i;i6!31k3+, - E a l akcva n a i k a e na s lga MEniti

k f na mgkete.

E a t a r a . LX 5 t~ t r5 , E ii t a r 5 na va le . E 5 tsrla na v a l e e nil yabqkf

K Z i of;? * - k; d, i ~ ~ i i ria vale e n s yahakl -

s a a t i nai ria koro. " 1 - =i a c l w a . 9 Z siwate, 5 Z i siwata na i k a . - E ti sl.wata na i k a e na b3.091,

-" E a siwhta rra Ik;? e na bogl. e

n a uz i t s a i .

1. hiher, t r a n s i t i i ~ e verbs are L?SI?CJ w i t h p r o p e r nouns or pronovtns, -i -. 13 use6 ra",hcr t k a n -a. F o r example , au

-"

raici 303e a zu r a k c i koyz; nn r a i d t a m e . --A' XL--_..- ---.- ---

Xa.. ,?ic;gle substitution.

Xb.

ALI E sega nL nanurni Linaqu. ' * .

I? s z odu ta na uluns . e nanoa. ---- 2 :A ~n:)kuta n a I i ~ a n a e nanoa, 7 .

L x c > k ~ t i J o ~ e e nanoa.

E n :,aica na waqa e n a y a k a v i . -------.

XI. Variable s l o t ,

rac k;t:f va S am3 mokut;a, kc';;

E a r n l c i t a ~ a n a e na g a k n u i , E 21. F Q ~ ci na t8r.ap.a T na y a k n v i , E a ~ a l ~ i 11;*~ena e yalcavi. I?

i., s r a l c l vugona e n a yakavl . v o a r a i ea na n3na k o l I e n z g a k a v i . E a raioi alr e na y a k a v i .

5 B sokc t aka r ~ a waqa e 1:a yakavb. ,i & s o k o t a k a ria waq;; c na rnata!: A

i f i! ls'i. U ria soxo5aka na waqa c na

m a t aka lai f ai . 7 - c na raica na aaqa e na mataka

?2i7aJ_ . 5. 3:: rs? :a ria t:aqa e TIH yakavi , . *-

_; :A s s l c c i ;la w:~.::, e r,a y a k a v i . 7 - ,A a r2;i.icf t:jl::;ntr e ria y a k n v i ,

-*

r: r z i ~ i tarnal~a c: na 'mci4wa - S d c ~ I . - - -. a. t s r o i t l tarnma e na ri~zcawa .. 3 ot:f. -

i; a tarop;n na c a r a ~ a e na r:r?icawa e % ot:..

~ 5 " arc-^ ~ E r n g a n i kot-a e na ~i%c:av?a $3 oat. -

B a "i;ar9,qi t8raga !?i k o r ~ e na nakakn nikua.

E ii caro~cti r a u e ria matakra niicua. E k a c i v i rau e n a nataka n 2 ~ u a .

L< ii k z c l v i Samu e i?a m3taK.a. n ikua . - - L a a o k u t l Z m u e na nataka n ikua . n - L: a moi, : i t~ na k o l l E na mataka

rlfktla.

!? na dua na gauna, nl rac sa vcftau dred re k i n a ria t e r i I d - e i n l kal.avo, r n u 5 gaue ~ 3 1 % kina e lcma ni v c i k a u . 3aii k u n e a sara e dua ria i ~ T U v u d i d r e u . S B knya sara na t e r l , ' Aid $5 Psbata -. na 1 kau v u d i , i a mo t i k o gE e rz," Sr'; &aria n:i t e r i :;% rr!=,mau, s5 qal v i r a l t a k a mai ue i nona i t a u ntt kuli ci v u d i wale gZ m e k a n i a . O t i oyZ $2 kaya na k s l a v o , ''T,?-ru p a l l a k o k t eakau." Kunea sara na k a l a v o - c d:~z na v z s u a ni dalaya tG, ~ a c i v a zara na nona 1 t a u , ''ids:: f,cara n . a r i ~ ria k 5 oq6. " Lalco sal-a K Z J L na t e r l k a - - -- b u t ~ . t k s n3 I c ~ n ni vasue , sa qai qarnuta n3 ~ & v a n ~ na v2sca. PrI qa i tzcpi ria t ; c r t , ' ]$a , r?oqu i t a u , uti s5 n:ate!' Kaya

v u s nr? kal-s,vc ' 'r),?orl ria 3 S ~ U i l i v u d l , b a l e ? a na - nomu sr;.li2. ve; au na k s c s . I ' i ko e kg nlo I u v u , 2'1 sh lakc nl sa bera na LA,-{ le$;:l.

- rS 2 , Xa. cava e ~ ' l i i , i a re!.?atit : -

li: 1'212 a x>a.i.ca e ati;:), na J. ki:!.u vud!..

. Na e2vn e 2 yaco nl sZ k:?.bata r!a vud3 na t e r i ? E 5 kania :la v u d l nn terj. qa . i sc13.l.a vnii na ka::avo na

! c ~ l . % n a , i i . . ~ kena ,

5. lhl sZ oti na kar,;r v u d f , e rat: 5 1 ~ 2 9 k i v e l ria ve l t a t r ? E r a u S l a k o k f csk,;.u,

- 8. f\ls cava e a qa i cakava ne knla.xro'2

E k-aci.7;~ 19::: nona i ti.zu n,e rxai t a t l r a . .

. $:a cava e < cakfiva na t e r i n i s 5 k a c i v l koya na ka lavo? E a lz~.ko ;~i-~;-i? k ~ . bd1,ui~a na lorra nl v s s u a .

- - 10. !?a c a v e e A y3c.s rsi s ; h u h k a na _ t o m rii vgsrma na 'ceri? -

25 n q n l qaxuta ea y?vnn& na vzsua.

t auvf mate? t; a-g 2

t e a t t? ri t i n a &.. L 4 oms-na

tzclwai U3U u l u vaka-cava vaka-s ;$.:at aka vak a--8 a va vlstja v e i k a u vc i t au

t .2q:$:! kcl-y ' 4 t rans , t a:.rL ca .-w....- - -A---

ta2.3 'send'; t 1 - 3 ~ 1 ~ ~ f.ii38 ' s e n d -- ---- 5 p e r ~ ~ ~ ~

f s t h e s pso tecc , preserve taro ' a s k " k ~ a n s , taro^ 'ask -- --

a question1 Ill. ta 'chop w i t h k n i f e t ; t r a n s , t9ya F

p l a n t t h e skyamp hen mol- he r 'coma ' accarnparry , !';t:Lp > L~aanz . --

nc1s S i;e s d what ;ibor;ct . . . , h : , ~ adv ise send a:]iay, %ri.ve ofP 4;ilr.. I.ap?rt,e c l s m

, = - ~ 0

-- - In v ~ ~ T ; ; . Q drPr'.re ' q ~ e r g good ------"-..*.-.--""-.~- -- fy-jefid, *

$firc:ar rcunc!abcut; k l r ~ d c f banana one" yrcluj;iorr--.ir,-?L:yYb,; fa~hep,

rri;~t.her, scr;, i i>.u~l. l ter, n i e c e , r t Q C $ ~ ~ : { J

vuill'i:~ 'prneach , r:ake a spet? ' ; - --..- t ~ a n s . vrar,auca, I tile p e r s o n as ctb . ; vunautaka sut:e ct, of' t h e ------- 9

speech as ob . o r ~ l y S ~ O I I S C

t ske p i a c e , happen , a- r ivz ?art3 c r l ~ of d-irectic>rr: aTday

f : ~ r : ; the speaker f r :o t , 7,:=.g

(mJ s i k o r d i n a t u clauses w i t h ni -- and k e ) --

A : O na l a k i siwa ke Are you go?.ng f^lshing i f t h e v t n a k a na d r a k i ? weather 's good?

B. ke s Z ontP na ricqil. Yes, i f 1 finis'^ my work . . X g 3 "

c n ~ a c a k n .

A : E rxd3. n 2 . k ].aka tale- Mzy I go t o o ? ~58:'

B: $3 rawa ke gnla2a rt;l f Z 1 s possible If' there's wacja. room in t he Scat.

A: C ceZ d2u na l a k o I hl-ia ' :s golng a1 os",)~? vat a?

9: XeiLou ca 1ek.r) vats ble t l l gc? 3 a ~ : . t I - ~ 2 ,>h;, a36 \ d i l l i a , z ~ . k ~ l . r>au o i1i;;a :~.e:l I f :1r3 one e l s e ~:rses, :;ou can , , w Ke seq;:, go t o e . t a l e ::i dg,al 4 i e ' ~ < % b C 5 , - ' , e pa.wa n i 1:-;>-,. ... . , I .J % a h $28.

A : 2; n2 v i c a ria ks.lcs::o What tirile w i l l you (3) be dou rla Xa%s Xlna? 112 aving?

B: 'r: n a t o l u e na : ~ a t a . k r ; At t h ree in t h e ~nornln?; , if I n i l a i , L.2 rawa. poss l bat?.

A: flu n x i c a k s :it .':a I hack the wea.%her w i l l be v-irraka m a c?r.aki, gc;sr..d ,

ku ca i sko k e v Z ~ s k 3 na d r a k l , Keirau na iaKo ke raws. Au v i a r ~ a i c i kenlurtz l i~ i P B W ~ Z . Au v i a EiJau ke reatra. Daru rza la icJ e l l l s i kt? T T L ~ B S T? ria waqa. Au na i a k o kii. Suva 16:e rauta :%a noqu f lavo. Au na l a k o k e G L ~ k o . E na v;t#ei kc;tx.?dnf' o ko!ya ke g a l a l a < $5 cZ na h u l a k e ki3 f i f . birxtl, aLr, E vinaka k c daru n a m31 s b t a t a l e e ks,

I I Ia . Sin;yle s u b s t l t z t l on.

dabe kana t avako r a i c i kernun? vukei kernvnX

Cue ..--

kxnu e so fia bacz ga la la na waqa da tou lakc e n a mitaka

lai l a i ko Iskc1 f 5 l c 85. sega nS t a u na uca s% o t i ria noqu oakacakz ea tou l e su t o t o l a mai gaLala na wat lqu da tou lako xli mat aka sega ni l z k o o Jone

Sentence ---..---

Au v i a gunu ke rawa,

Au v i a d a b e ke raw&. A u v i a kana tisvako ke rawa,

Au na l a k o ke kune e s5 na baca. ku na l a k o ke ga la la na wapa.

Sentence

- c s na d r a k i Au ria sega ni Zako k c ca n a d rak i . sega na baca P,L; na sega n i la,ko ke segn na. Bzca. l a k o t a l e e dua ,A . sega nP lako o trm,,aqu

Cue v

kurx e s3 na. b a c a dou na lesu t o t o l o ma: levu na ika

SenLcnce -----.--.

Au nu:?.taka ni na vfnaka na d r a k i . -"

* . *

a ~ s s u ~ ~ o eTTos iu B M B ~ ay qbo cuob.elC eu shnura2 sir n ~ c ( 1

'BMBJ 321 qbo z ~ r o b ~ f i eu vi~nunQ eu n,esg

* ~ b o ~ u o b z R su ~ n n u n 3 eu ndeC =x?nnun8 eu nJxq

vim6 ax gba ~ u o b ~ b eu

Dyr T ~ X

'k3F~E.z aay aTas 5 nmou eu s n p a

~hvya i i : srr a

I . Gxpans%or xf th tir;glish cces . C rze -- Sentence .--

to Suva Au na Pako ki S ~ v a . a f t e s work Au na l a k o ki Suva ni uti na

cakacaka. I f po%s%bZe A u na l a k o ki Suva ke ~ a w a ni

c t i na cakacaka. in t he evcning Au fia lake ki Suva e na yakavi

k e sawa nf a t i na eakacaka.

you (2nd persol? s l . n z ~ ~ l a r ) :iespunse3 t h e s a ~ i c as ZVe. w&nt t o if p o s s i b l e be fo re f o u r (oicfock~

one 136' Y O U P Knl.ves if possil=7.e t h a t T use i G

w i t h you t h i s y aqoxia if p o s s i b l e t h a t Tho;na,s gives P t

this t a r o if p ~ s s i b l f ? as y o u ' r e not eat1rij.r 2 f ;

V, R e p e t i t i o n ,

E rawa ni'u lalro t a l c g81 E rawa z t i drasl vak.8.-tatoia m i ? E rawa nf o soZPa v e l au e s6 na baca? E rawa ni Q tukuna v e i aL 3% vita na ka loka? E rawa ni vodo t a l e e daa e n a riamu motok83 E sawa nl t o u i a k o e na t c i u na kaloko? E rwa nl a vaka-raitaka v e i au na gaunisala? E ratva n i l u keyea e dua na nrclrnu w;Z n i siwa? E rawa ni'u vaka-yaga-%aks na nrjsnu i se l e? E rawa ni o k a u t l a u vu8 na tllraga.

Sentence .---

E raxa ni 'u Lako t a l e aZ? ---.-----dal

E rawa ni o lnlco t a l c qB? E rawa ni d r ~ u valca-totolo mai? E rawa ni o s u l i u 336 vu3? E raws ni dcu l a k o m i ? E rawa ni o t a&el su? E Pawa n i roc. i & c n i m a t a k a ? E ~ a w 3 i l l Q nf. ~ 0 1 3 3 VFI % : 2 ~ C?

dua. na tavakfi? E rawe nf u k81iti au ~ i 5 ?la

t $raga? E rzwa ni u gunuvz na nernunE

y aqot~a?

a l r k o t a l e gZ drau vaka- totolo mai o s o l i a oq8 vu8 dou lako n l a i o - g ~ ; k e i t C ~ U i 8 k o n l mat aka o a1 s a l i a -+red au e 3ua

I?a t atva:/;o o 1cav.f; ?- all YPGZ na t.n~*a;:?,

Cue -- ..-- Sentence -.-----.- "

fi: rawa nj. o 1;3&:1 !liaJ, k2, kana e na yaksvj.?

E ronwa c Lako n a i k i kana e na yakavi?

E rawa n?, u la.ko mai kL kana e na yakavt '?

0 . .

E r a w a ni c l a k o ma1 k i kana e - ,..-...-- -- -- - ? & ~ a k a v h ? ----

E s a w ni c l a k ~ mat ki kana nZ mat aka?

E raxa ni o dou l ako n a l icj. kana ni mataka?

vsie

v a l e ni bose

d r a u

Suva.

vodo mctokg

E rawa n l o dou l a k o mai k i vale ni. mataka?

E rawa ni o dou l a k a mai k i vale n i bose ni mataka?

E rawa n i o drau l ako n a i k i vale ni bose ni ma.t&a.

3 rswa n i o d r a u l a k o ~ , a k k i Suva ni nataka?

E rawa n i o d r a u voda mc)tok% rnsi ki Suva ni. mataka?

V I I . R e o e t l t i o n .

nu kil5 ni s 5 o t i na cakucaka. Z;J segs ni rnaca1.a n a va.ni?a e t i k o k i n a o koya . E nacala ni s5 Sestl tale u 'SImoci. Au x;a;.ituna n i dodonu na nomu lewa. E; s t u k u n a ve i au n i si ria sega n i 1x0 o koya. E 3 vela rnai n i n a l s s u r:lai e na rnzcarzra as;?, Ax sega ni k l i . 5 n% tat311 na v a k a - t a ~ & ~ o e k c . Au sa ica n.1 sa 7:Eleka m a l na wacla. fiu v&a-baijta. nf na t a u nrr tnca e na y a k a v l . E ~ u k u n a koya n i sZ Less rriai n a turaga.

VIII . S i n p l e s u b s t i t u t i o n ,

i; ue .-- Sentence --- Au k i l z n i - s 5 oti n a cakacaka .

s 5 l e v u n a uca sa b u t a ria kena d a l o s a o t i na bcse s % moce o koya na d r & i vinaka a na Laka t a l e gS s a les u rnai na wat-i.!a.; r a t o u bera ta na waqa s 5 t o k i k i Lautuka s a sega ni o t i n a no112

cakacaka

I X . Variable s l o t . drX li . Cue --

Au Icf 15 ni. s 5 l e v ~ na u c a . Ru kl l Z n i s Z b uta na kena d a l o , Au k i l z ni s Z oti na hose. R u k i l a ni s 5 moce o koya. Au k l l g n i na draki vlnaka. Au k i l 5 ni o ria l a k o tale gg. Au k i l a n i s 5 Pesu mai n a watirnu. A u ki1.Z n i r a t o u be ra ta na waqa. AU I c i l Z LI s2i toki ki Lautoka . liu k f l E ni s a sega n i atl. n a

nona cakzcaka .

Sentence ---- A u nanuma nl na Pevu na uea e na - - - .

ir.ZT&rni -- mataka.

y ax a v i Au nazrmma: nk na IEVU niz uca e n5. y a k a v i nli matsxa.

gun u AIJ nziuma n:L na le7ru r;a punu e n a yakav i ni mataka.

kil2 k ~ i k l l g ni na l e v u na gunu e n a y a k a v i ni matalra.,

b o g i n i k u a Au klla ni na "VG. na ganu e ria bog i n i k u a .

kakana k e i n a yaqona ku kiXg ni na l e v u n a kakana k e i na yaqona e n a bog1 nikua.

c u i t aka Au n u i t a k a ni na Zevu na kakma k e i na yaqana e na bog% n ikua .

s i g a M 5 n l t i Au n x i t a k a n i na l c v u ;aa kakana k e i na yaqona e na sl(:a Mznlti.

1 la2 Au n u i t a k a n i na l a l l a i na kzkana k e i n a yaqona ; na s i g a E46r?lt i .

eakacaka A11 n ~ i t w a ni na l s i l a i na cakacaka e na cPga MZni5i.

X. C o n s t r u c t s en t cncs s on a n y o f ?.ne rnodels ~ t u d ? ~ e L ? so fa r , ~ ~ s f n g :

1. P r e s e r ~ t tense . 2 , Any grcznnnat2ca2 words ( p r o n ~ : u r , s , ~ ~ s r k e r s , e t e , )

already !sarned. 3. Any i.f t h e fol.low",n econtetit words: irl.l.Z",,c?odcnu,

t m z t a , i e v u , c G ~ c v a , waqa, r z l c a , dua.

Some exazples :~l lghL be:

hu kil2, ni s a d~donu nz t s m a t c oyZ, E cakava e dua na waqa l e v u nh tarnat?. oqd.

XI. ' i"~~ianoa.

Na yaqona e dusl na kau. E dau tei vaka-levu c na vanua b a b a . Ke vanua drak3. sua sua , e na r a u k a beka nl Il-na n?. y a b a k l na kena BuPa qai matua. Ia, ke t e J e ria vanua dsalxi slgnsiga, e rawa nl. rau ta q Z e ~ V L L P na yabekf.. E: t e i t a l e gii na yaqona me v a f f t s k i . E d i n a gB ni na r e u t ~ e dua na gauna ba lavu , s 5 dua na snZa ni rawa f l a v o v i n a k a , E k l X a i l e v u na yaqona n l yaga e na soqo vaka- - t i iragh ka d a u gunuvk tale ga e n a eoqe lalal ni ve iu iga , E seea n i yaga wale gZ e VimS. ria yaqona, e yaga t a Z2 ~5 ma% Samoa kel Toga.

Ques t F o n and answer.

2. I\:a drbalc$ ca7aa e t;*>toolo k i n a rra matud ri-L yaqona? Ha drakl . s i g a s i p a e Eatua to to lc? k i n a ::-;a yaqrsnzi.

3. Tnkuca e d m n a yaqa ni pac,ons. N,z y a'qorna e dau voli"ckk.f ne rawa k.f.na nil I i3vo . Na yaqon?. e dau uzlca-yagataki e ns soqo vaka-t6raga. I\Ta paqona e dau z ~ ~ c * ~ i e n a scqo l a l a l n i ve i s iga .

4. Cavu"; e edua na yanrxycznu e Irj.1a-r t a l c p,Z k i n a na yaqa rii yaqsna .

E k i l a i t a l z ga ria yaga nl yaqoxla n a i To$&*

b aba

baca b i u - t a b u t a cavu-ta

datclu. ( = L O U ) -in?arnl kau- t a ke las a 13~0, 1. lew5

nataqalf ni n u l t aka rap?ou wilt a s aia SZrnoa s l gasi,qa

soqo s e t a-vz S U h S t r a

t a l e g5 t a u te-1.

Toga ";ok: zakuna valca-ti au'; a 7 ~ r ~ l h d C r e - tav33.k~ vaka-tErspa vaka-y a ~ a t aka vat a ve l v e l s l g a vS.ca v i t LI vado va;l% v5leica -~aL i - t aka

vu5 yaga

s i d e , any sceep s i o p e , sticis as t;he s i d e of a h i 1 3

b a i t b i u - glcc lve , I l e s e y V ; t:-;ins. b j . j t a --.- c s a k c d , r2acl.j for'. c s t i n z cavu ' t a name, :c prar iour~ee ' ; ---

t r a n s . cavut a --..-- 1, ,. 4- s u p e r s o n t ~ h a l Inc lus -Lve 1 s t p e r s o n p l ~ r a b cxcLus ive kau -- ' carry ' T, tram , ----- k ZIX% a. if, c h s c e n j o a n e n t , fun risney conrnrznd , rule , s;racir; r , a r ~ L : ; a r l ty .. j u!lgnlc n t

ep,?cl es , t y p ? wher?,, f o r , k t l c z ~ i s e , t h a t P,ORC 3 ~ 6 aerso:: t:7%a2 :I~)DU~; , er;.,;J;-,n rwoad, :~aS;h , sl?v c ? , t 'I 31x0 a tumt up ny t h e , rr lC , c:f l a r id z r ~ d

vfsp,Llf,2"t l or-i z : i : ; 2 ~ b l y , :,ostl;] sl;lxr? r,i"~ec~plc sot r j 'to r p ~ ~ " + -- - , . rbzn; , c t - t ava - W G C

a i s o f k l l ( r a i .n ) tc 'to r ? ? a n t e ; i n t m n : ; , ",is -- ..--- 3

pass. t c i : trar!:;, t e a R l

- ..- - A sn ;-,.zi s h i f t r e s idence , w v e , tra12sf'el~ say , tell be lievb7e smcske ( v , ) cf' ch$.e f l y rank 7 " 'V u3 e t d i t l l , t ~ ~ f , the?? to, tow>r;d:;, a$, w i t h ev-ar:; day l l ~ t r nzriy, how rnacl~ .ss:ver! PI;:& a r k , S nsrrl , ~r.oun t -,?pi c 2

n2 ax-, alnas t v C J ~ ~ "-." ' t j 7 ~ . y ~ ; t r a r , ~ . volitaka ---.-

Oseil, spend mcney'

(Silboxadir,aZ;e ~ h r a s s s with e",, a e ) -- 9 , D l alogue ts be jr,erni>nzl zed .

A : E vaka-euei c na Eow about I t , %re you paing i a % i siwa n ikua? f i s h i n g today?

. . 3: Icr, atr ne Xako ni l e s u Yes, 1'11 go tbht~,~ irrj l 2 i a r n

m a i o V i T i ~ u r b e . canes back ,

A : Na gauna cawa e na What time w i l l he coxe Lack? l e su m a i kS-rz8. o k c y a?

""

E t E na tiko e kg ci e e v l l be :?.ere aSter che m e a t i n % , uti ne h o s e .

B: Ia, e na v t a Lakc+ - Bu t h e ' d like to gc t o o . t a l c ga o kcpa .

A : E dodonu me V$da- h c t d b e t t e r h u r r y . t o t ~ l o m s i ,

E : Ealeta pa cava? Xkl y 7 -

A: Au na via lako n i sa ~ ' d 12ke t o 20 be fo re dark, bera 23- bag%.

8: Vaka-ea-~a n a riadatou gha t a b o u t our baf",? b ac z?

A : F, dsdonu nc nonu 3 - 1% s h ~ u l d be y o u r tu~:n t o t a v i e na nacsxa s u p p l y it t h i s week. CIqE *

* E: SiZ vinaka,, me% usa 6 K 1'13. go now and g e u o u r

1a'k.i vaXa-ratitaka f i s h i n g line toqe%her. mada na rreiraer wz nl siwa.

A: 10, ni yaco real me A l l r i g h t . As soon as he comes dat otz l a k o sasa. we'll go.

XI. Repetition.

eakava na nana cakacaka. lesu mai na taraga nlkua, savata n2 I sulu. raicta e dua na vuniwai. dil-:fj.~i v l n ~ a k a . vur is ne nomu vcsa. k a n i a ne k e n a . V C ~ ~ O e aa waqa, voea e 1Zu na E u l i . v o s o t i m ~ d a na c a l a oq5.

111. SuSstituzS on,

Sentence --..-

E winaka cie l i u t a k s mada na base, ---- -.-

l a g a t a mads na sere E v lnaka me 3ag:ata mada ria sere . kabnta mads na n i ; ~ G * .

vaka-rautaka na P katc*:au c f c i v a na nona i s e l e l.akova na noqu roioto nusia n a gaunlsnla t?L c b ~ ? ~ ~

vaka-tovolea c l i u kerea v e i a u tukuna v e l I k o cakava vaka-totol n

sol ia v e i Jkc o koya, r a l c i a u szra ni y a c ~ ma1 o koya , daru i e s u t a i e 1x23 n i k u a . Jaru veivosaki rnada. daru vaka-, lotolo. da tou Lnko nS sa bera na b o g i , da tou vaKa-se&u mada. da ii l esu ma3 e nanoa, - keir t2u a la'kl s a r a y a l o y a l o . ke5rnan9 bose rLi mataka.

Cue --

Au v i n s k a t a me daru vaka- to to lo , - - --

daru veltczlanaa x~:aGa

da tou l a k o ni. 5 3 , bera na b u y t

da tou i~aka-scegu mads e KC

k e i ~ n a ; qai l e s u ma2 nl r .?c i t &k a

k e l r a u l a f & % Sara y &:icy a l o

keS :a&~i v e i v c s n k i r:!ar",sr e f i tz

d a raace nlai Suva n d k u a

dz bose inadcs $a lagz?. sere mada

A U ~ Z i l ~ 3 ~ s r t ; : . . i:l- L h e r l x taip xa.1 q i d t i z ~ ~

FLU v i n d k a t a rile ciarLi v2I.t-alanaa r,ade,

AL v i n a ~ a t n me Zatcu l a k ~ n i sa Sera raa b ~ i l ; i .

Ata vinakz la me e a t s u vaka-.ccgu math E kG,

Au vlr!alcrzta me k e i r a u qhl. l ~ s u ma3 ni nataka.

Ala vinsk;zt,a me k c f r a ~ ~ La %ki E arbs y a l s y a.10.

Au v-Lncxketa G I ~ iceir:i?ii;X ~ e l v o s a k i rri?.;;:. e Z t u ,

Au v lnaka t a y e da noce n a i Suva nrE i: t;a ,

Au trlw?alt~-ta me <,a hose mnba. Au vlnrzl<ata r:e 23 Lag& . ';ex ~nrzda,

E do66nu m q 2 umoce. E dodenu n,e 'G vo l3 kka. E aodonu mo kana .

CL- T; tiodor:u mo 3.akn kt va le nl v u l i , - E dodonu no dalaga vaka-levu r?e ralcz n e S .,%?.:nu na vuni.wsi. I? i:dodcr,u mu dr)u l e s u ma1 n: bera n a b o n l . E dodonu no dou laga sere nada, 2 dodonu mo d r s u w ~ r a k i k a y a . Z dodonu rn9 nl wsrnki koyz , -7

2' dadonu xc ~i vaka- to to lo m ~ . i ,

I V I I . S u b s t i t u t i o n .

P a t t e r n : Laka ma2 vale rco dabe , --- Cue -"

a u s n P i a v e i i k o d s a u m s i s o t a k e i tavaau

n",nlai kana dou mai vaka--cef:u

o vukci a u nada do; rnzi ve ivuke d rau m a i y~eXvos %;:I RU ~%i.li

Lako r , ; i i . vaLe ~rle ' 11 s02.i a uef. i k o . L-kkc, c al. v-zle TIIG drau m i s o t a

k e i t a3?z~,7itl. L a k c m2.i vale mo 111 rnal k a n a . 58i:o -rial vale rno dou r ia l yraka-

cr.yu. ' ad "'bo P I , ~ e i 11'91~ TIO rilal gunu y aciona, Lako -:of v a l e 1x62 ' u vaka-rvautzka

~ I ? L keri:y+l. L ~ k o n a i va ic rno vukef au mada. :dako xi?.. vale mo dou rnai ve ivuke . Lako rnsi vale rno d r n u xsf veivosalcl. Lako ixal vale me ' u r a i c i i k o .

Au v inaka t a aie kua r?,f lake 9 k a y a , Au v l n a k a t a me k a k ~ a ni l a k n o koya. Au nmEna me daru kua nl gunu yaqona n i k u a . Au nazzunta me ratorl kgkua ni vaka-ynrlrat i . Au na tovo lea nm dou kuo r r i tako nii rna,taka. Au r i ~ t o v ~ l e a me" kkkkua nf bepa. E 2 tukuna mo k u a ni l a k o ma4 vale. E 5 t u k u n a mo drau k s l u a ni tiko e kg. E k a y a na tlnamti. mo dsau kua n i qits e kg. S k a y ~ t na qase nP vuLt me'u kgkus ni qito vaka-levu,

IX. 3 u k . s t i t u t I a n .

mo kga macla n% l a i ; ~ nio dou Kua mad8 nP

wereca na I t e i t c l mo drau kaksa nl mur ia

raa nona lewa mo ni kzkua nf bera ma1

nii mataka r l i k u a ni makusXga

vaka- Levan daru k z k u a Sara nl vukc i

koy a d s t o u kzkua made nf vaka.-

cegu d a kua ni gunu yaqona

vaika- i evu da kakua ni l e s u t a l e

n i k u a da k i i k ~ a n i vasavosa

v a k w ie u2

Sentence --.-

Au. vinakata . nsl, dcu kua n i beca n a nGqu voaa,

Au v inaka ta mo kua m a d a n i lako, A u v i n a k a t ; ~ MC dou kua rnada ni

werece na 3. k e i t e f , Au v i n a k a t a ma drau kgk l~a ni

m u r i a na nona lewa. Au vinakata xno ni kEkua nl

bera ma2 ni mataka. A u vPnaknta mo ni kua n%

mokus3,~a vaka-levu. AG vinakata me daru kzkua

sara ni vukel koya, Au vlnakata me da tou kskua mada

n l vaka- ce gu , Au vinakata me da h a ni gunu

y aqana vaka- l e v u . Au v lnaka ta me da kEkua ni

l e s u t a l e n i k u a . Au vinakaka me d a kzkua ni

vasavosa vaka- l e v u ,

E levu na Aka k c i t o u rnwata me vakZ na kawago, s z b u t u , keS n a kasala,

Au t e a na i tei me vakn na d a l o , t a v i o k a , Sele, kei na uvS. E dau v&au k i N2u S i l a d i rra vua t a , me vakg na jiiina,

ba iganf , wele t i , k e i na da'lo. E l e ~ u sa la n i rawa i Zavu, me vakz nti sulca, nlu, j g i n a ,

k e i na koula. Mo vaka-totolo me vaka ni sg bog2 na vanua.

0 [j ,: "' " ,1 1 3 i.2 * -.. - .*

!; dodot22 mf? vaka- t . c$ofo takf na ka c:~no me vaka ni s a l a i l a i

Aa rz c a r ~ n k a v a ni -- .-."- l c s u m a t o koya .

t i~ . na cai cakava ni'u l e s u m a i .

nl t u k u n a sara ve? nu na tiiraga

nl r a t o u sZi t i k a e k E r l f sa bera n i tekivc

na SGQC ni s5i v 5 l e k a nz yakav l ni 'u sB gal :~ . l s ni ra s.Z lesu mai ni c, s i i b ~ l a e na t .auv i

n z t e n i sa bera na vaka -yakav i n i 5 3 b e r a na sigz ni

Sucu

Ko Viti e kn ts e r:a ceva 5 r85 GI wasa F ~ c l f l k a , y a t u yanugariu oq5 e wili k j n a e s i v l a E t a l u na d r a a na veigar:uyanu ka PZ ri.i?-j ciri lic.~%o gan-l e ria li-:!~a x:i l.la&. s a ~ ~ ~ v u l u v a k s - c a c a ~ a c l u ns mBi le vz ic?-ral .vlr l v i n i was3 Ksral-tarawa r,a P a s l f l k q . Ha LCVL! n t w?l r Kotc ~?.31.2- v o l l v a J , l t a , e v8.k;z-\~uyl2 me Ciaid ::e)"z ni s:;:r j - 'i V R ~ ; L - ~ P V U

'1.. kina na k p n ? d , -akl . L L . ~ kena I : f c ~ k ; ~ -:-a?.? : ' < ; al iahata e tcl;i:i-i gB e ~ z ; r nZ;,ljwa v . ? 60 k e 2 rra 5") ns in%:c-irY P : i rraZ c:iqifla v i n a k a y ~ n t e 119 c:i::i s i i L a t i ~ ~ 1 a nj. W I L Z S W :st. hi?* VOatlna r l l

*T "- d r a k i b e t e b a t E ma1 n s v u l a k o ME k 2 na V n l ~ ko . \ L c ~ ~ b 9 r E na ya::uyanu I c i e v u e rua ko V f t i i e v u k p ? V&pga

Levu, e wase vaka- . rus ria k e n a d r a k l ; suasua k? d r a k a d r o k a na yssana tadravl ca;:i qai m a t ka t s ica ta y;hnl k a s l y a s i g a .- na r z r L i yanuyanu e rua o q o r i .

B na ya.nuyal?u :cc Y i t i L.evu e r a t j . i i r! k i n a e s l v i a n a velrnZim2 r;J. lewe ni vpnua i ta t i k u t a l e ~3 k l n a na korcl tzraga $2 Viti.

XV. Questions a ~ ~ d answers.

3 , Na wasawasa cava e t i k o k i n a k c V i t L ?

Ro Vitl e t i k o e na iqasa P a s d f l k a .

2 . E v:ca na i willwill nj, ve-!yatu ysxluyzn-_i e wili k i n a ?

E sivia e t a l u ria d r n u na v e i y a t u y a c u y a n u e will k i n a . --

3 . Na v u l a cava na vtila n i d r n k i b h t a b a t a ?

Ea v u l a ko PIE k i na v u l a ko N5vebe. n3 vuXa ni d r a k i b a t a b a t E .

4 . Na yanuyanu cava e tlko k i n a na kena k o r ~ tGraga?

Na kena kcro t E r b a g a e t i k o e na yanuyanu ko V i t i Levu.

bF -.,- ' despise , a c t ?prev.~?z*er:t 'ly t c :, trans, bZ.r;a --

s h r u b usecl as a ~ j e g e t a b l e k:, re e ::g srr, m l s e :.: 7:utr: d r i f t , at :;to, sv. o ~ t ; ',a Kes

3 ., 0 - ,i,r,*2 f f2. ~;lpt,fle \ f; TP rir; .-- ..., ,, . d. .---- i ke va -. dclgree (l:.:~::l . ;j c:' ter;:p:??ature, .- + ahtz G T i.:jr.g:";~de ,2y l ;%kLtude ?1 2 Pf2 i:; ;:rcen, sovn:ytj.r?,ns b j.ue a d i s t r i b u t i v e ;:a.r'tlele precedl.ng

$, p, .;: *c , (-*. #A r: .- ... me an:i:-ig ri?acfi, respe c-- * -.

'!;I vs.r.y , or d%f'ferc:.:ntly .

,?n1y, J u s t , r , evor the le ; s , sl l t i e s a m 3 yet, b u t ? however

a ~j.: id ~9f b ~ n a n a ; C h ~ n e ~ e bass-12 fro^, tth2 word kq i ' : ~ s i t i ~ ~ 3f a ..-

p l : ~ c e ~ 2nd p r e c e d e d b y --- d u i 9 it a n ccoplc o f c:f fi 'nreqt c ~j~~~ z * i c 8 '

12 ,;,t 1.. ' il,l.;re, sorcetines j:;lbeen i:%_ri!:i sf' f i s h 9 ~ ' e a k f a s t k i n 3 sf f i s h 7 : ,.i,e i .n a p l a c e {<~l,f, (j;nE~ .a

p l u r l i l fornl of' l i 3 v 1 ~ ' b i g , l a rge , --- ~ T ' C h t

i n i l a b i t s n t s o f a country

Niu S l l a d l M;"oveba os O C ~ S a pasi f i k a ra rawa- tn

s ava-t; 3

Slga r,l. Suctn s i v i - a

z;recedc, surp;2zr,l"3, e x c e l , be t ' i r sk t rans. J . i u t a k a ' l ead , ---- r u l e

vcrbzl. r ;a r ' c ic ie e x p r e s s i n g p u r p o s e , so intradlxc-irip; s ub- J u n e t i v e ox3 i r r !per~. t i t r e c l auses , 1 % ~ . . .to, AT? 9rderr 50, t o be, t o have , t h a t , s h o u l d (I). . . € t e e

rqi5e ( E n g i , ) I n t c r s t ? c e , the s p s c e between

t w f C ~ ~ > : E C ~ S

iHew Ze a3.and Nove;:iDe r jEnr.2 , ) busy, f x l l oc:;upled ? a c i f i c ( E r i ~ 1 . 3 3n.d persrsn p l u r a i . . Sef: e:ia --- r*a,v:a 'to ?:f: at',].?, to g e L ,to ---

obtain' ; 'cr~~t-is. rawa,'ca --..- k i n d ef f i ~ 1 ~ i l l t e t h e brtea.n

!"? Y * s r . ,. , qreatS.y, ased a f t e r v e r b s ; 1.81~0 S; 3,:" ::t, Og CC .-me .,-.---.--- C:

5 F.VC~ 1;~ 32 !: , c', 15 I:.; ; C; piin? , avat a -"-*-. -~-.- -.-- )3 2 p t ~3, i J 2 ~ , ('!!I pj, s t r * j , . -(AS -.

------ sugar (Bn~l, 1 clzt i - ivs tadr;? ' f a c e o r s t a n d up to, ----

e s p e c i a l l y au.Jn2, s u n , e t c , ' ; t r a n s , t a(drnva --- *,--

f c l ? - ~ i ~ 11 s h o r t ~ ~ r o u t e , c u t cr.os:;wisc, pass t:~:lrorrgh

s t ~ r y one , o n l y , a l o n e , as adv, ,

t?xc?cdi.np;'ly, t lniquel .y, q u i t e pfirt! c) j l asesic;rieict, snare, d u t y .C:;;~ni , b e l~3.n :.uxiJi 31-y : c o n t i n ~ t z c c e o r

j ,xac~rrsr : lon, ni>t so :: t r o n g a:; t 9 -

'i ?jJ

tikc:;:: 2nd I ? ~ ~ ~ l i i j 3 . ~ , b e l i k e ; like, a c c o ~ d ! ~ r ~ g

to zs i r i e t ? n l valcl-caca ' s o m e t h l ~ r r -.---.- ----

fjetwecn 10 arc1 20'

it-- rua T.raka-t~t elct 2ka v;ika.-C,cv~:e& vZ-kavdta vaka- v o l l vali t 2. V F I ~ 2- V ~ J P i3. vdka-y an -at -. - .*.sIrw:a v e t s a l v e i t alacoa t~eivoszk.1 ved vuke ve Lyanuy ,mu

- 7 k L W i 4- Levu vos avos a

were-ca

area., as in t o l u na rn5ile vaka- ---------- i3ivj inlvi ' t h ree square tniles i n --- apeaT

twf ce s p e e d one up , h x r r y I t up t r * y c u t , exnerime;zt send o f f s t and a b o u t , s urrioukld C&e:SC

ZJ;? ake the rciddle , na l f e x z h a n ~ e c h a t , tci1 ~ " c ~ i e s toi;ethe-,. talk, d i s c u s s h e l p , a s s i s t sncs i s i s n d groups ; -- n a ve l&3nu~anu .-A .----. e

' & a Pas l r ' ika the isiarlds ir, -------<*

the Prir : I f': 3 ' Iarg;est i s l a n d of %he F i j i qroup vosa t a l k , speak : i n t ~ a n s . ---

vusavosa ' t z l k t ; i vosavosa ------ ----.--- ' s ay ing , proverb

cr3p fruits cf' t r e e s , hartres% c juc tcr e ight ; - WZ --- ' x a l t f o r , e x p e c t r ; t r a n s .

wzraktz; -- w Z Is h a r d l y used alone; w?%Zi -- is t h e more cormonly used f o m

sea, ocean. X i s o , wasawasa. -- was3 -- is used when a q u m f y i n g word like - l evu o r liwa follows; - s2;21c~&ise, wasawass is used

w r e - 'weed, cut gmss ; t r ans .

totzl n:.imber pr .ovlr ce rcw, n o t fcil lowed by n l ; y_atu

:~~atzuyanu. ' a raw cr Z a i n T>-T - I s l a n d s ' ; v e i y a t p y a c y a :rws o r groups of I s l a n d s

A i ka ciwa n i lEsonl

( P a s s i v e ; Kei --, Ka) - I. Dialogue t o be memo~ized.

A : E v i c a na yaga n i n i u Kow many uses o f coconut do o k i l a ? you know?

B : E l evu : Na lew n a e A l o t : The meat i s used f o r B vaka-yagat9ki m e food, and d r i e d t o be s o l d . kakana, ka s i g a n i The f r u i t is a l s o drunk. me v o l i t a k i . E gunuvi t a l e gZi na vuana.

A : Vakacava na t o l o n a What about t h e t runk and t h e k e i n a drauna? l e ave s ?

B : Ma t o l o n a e caka m e The t runk i s used as r g f t e r i s 2 ka caka na and t h e l e a v e s a r e used as a d r a m a m e sZs5. broom.

A : Sa yaga d i n a vzka- I t ' s r e a l l y u s e f u l . l evu .

B: 10, e sega n i o Yes, n o t only t h a t , t h e r o o t koya gE oyg, e . i s a l s o u s e f u l , t h e husk, yaga t a l e gg na and any o t h e r p a r t you can wakana, na q5 n i t h i n k o f . b u l u , k e i na t i k i - na $5. o n a n m a rawa.

1. The form of t h e ~ z s s l v e i s similar t o that o f t h e t r a n s i t i v e a c t i v e form; t h e f i n a l -a i s changed t o -1. - The d i f f e r e n c e i n neaning i s shown 6y t h e fol lowing:

E vaka-y aga t aka 'He uses i t . ' E vaka-yagataki 'It Is used. ' Forms wi th a final -a, l i k e k i l n , use -ai: k i l a i . - - -

2 . Ka ' and ' i s used t o j o i n s en t ences o r verb ph ra ses . - The verbal. marker i s no t used aga in a f t e r ka . ~ e i i s -- used t o j o i n noun ph rases , as i n na yalewa k e i na gone.

I Ia . R e p e t i t i o n drill.

r a i c i o kaya e na v e i v u l a . gunuvi n a vuana. k a r i n a d rauna . v o l i mai Nadi n a t avako . s o l 1 m a i v a l e l e v u . t o k i mai n a k o r o . vzkamai n a v a l e . v a k a - s i g a n i n a lewena. s i g a n i n a n i u . q a r a v i n a pone.

E v o l i t a k i n a lewena. E t o k i t a k i k i n a k o r o ni v u l i . E k a r i t a k l na k u l i n a . E s o k o t a k i rnai Suva na waqa* E vaka--y acntakl n a lewena.

Cue -

v o z i s i gan i vaka-y agat a k i s amaki t e i

Sentence --- E q a r a v i n a n i u .

S e n t e n c e

E --- veka-yaga tak i vaka- levu n a niu.

tei v o l i t a k i gunuvi k a r i v i n a k a t i

I I I e .

Cue - v o l i t a k a

E tei vaka- levu n a n i u .

S e n t e n c e

E v o l i t a k i na d a l o . -

t e a qa rava s arnaka vakag agat aka

E t e i na da lo . . . .

Cue - Sentence

E dodonu me gunuvi n a vuana.

v o l i - t a k i n a vuana E dodonu me v o l i t a k i n a vuana. vaka-yagataki n a d rauna . . . vaka-s igan i n a lewena k a r i t a k i n a d rauna t e i n a vuana v z - k m a i n a d rauna

Cue 7

Sen t ence

E v inaka m e s i g a n i n a lewena m e mamaca.

vaka-yagataki n a t o l o n a E v inaka m e vakayaga tak i n a me i sZ t o l o n a me i s z .

k a r i n a d rauna me szsg . . . k a r i n a lewena me kzkana t e i n a vuana me t u b u sarnaki n a vuna m e s a v a s a v ~

I V a . Trans fo rmat ion .

Change each of t h e f o l l owing t o p a s s i v e .

Cue ( a c t i v e ) - Keimami dau r a i e i koya e n a v e i v u l a .

gunuva n a vuana. k a r i a n a vuana. v o l i a mai Nadi n a t avako . s o l i a m e kg n i ve ivuke. t o k i a e na gauna n i d r a k i va-kmE na benu vaka-s igana n a lewena s i g m a me mamaca. q a r a v a n a t a u v i mate. k a r i t a k a n a k u l i n a . v o l i t a k a n a n i u b u t a .

s o k ~ t a k a e loma m i wasawasa.. vaka-y agataka vaka- levu.

Response ( p a s s i v e )

E 3au r a i c i o koya e n a v e i v u l a . E dau gunuvi n a vuana. E dau k a s i n a vuana. E dau v o l i mai Nadi n a t a v a k o . E dau s c l i me kE n i ve ivuke . E dau t o k i e n a gauna n i d r a k i cB. E dau v3-kamai n a benu. E dau vaka-s igan i n a lewena. E dau s i g a n i me rnamara, E dau q a r a v i n a t a u v i mace. E dau k a r i t a k i n a k u l i n a . E dau v o l i t a k l n a n i u b u t a . E dau s o k o t a k i e Lorna n i wasawasa. E dau vaka-yagataki vaka-levu .

Cue - E Zi l akova n a i k a e na s i g a M e n i t i . E Zi s i w a t a n a i k a e na b o g l e n a uc iwa i . Au Z s e g a n i r a i c a n a t i n a q u . Au 5 s e g a n i k i l Z ria tinaznu. E 5 sokotaka na waqa e na y a k a v i . E Z k a c i v a n a t c r a g a e n a yakav i . E Z i t a s o g a n a b u l i e nanoa. E Zi k a c i v i Samu e n a mataka. E Zi t a r a g i koya e n a mgcawa sa o t i .

Response

E 2 l akov i ria i k a e na siga M 6 n i t i . E 3 s i w a t i n a i k a e n a bogi e na uc iwa i . E B sega n i r a i c i n a t i n a q u . E B s e g a n i k i l a i na t inamu. E 5 s o k o t a k i na waqa e n a y a k a v i . E k a c i v i n a tZraga e na y a k a v i . E 5 t a r o g i n a b u l i e nanoa. E E k a c i v i o Samu e na y a k a v i , E 5 t a r o g i o koya e n ~ m o a .

V a . Expansion.

Cue - S e n t e n c e

E v o l i n a t avako .

Izai - t a k i 3 Suva e n a v e i s i g a

dau

s e p a n i

Cue -

- a v e i I r a na k a i v a l a g i

rnai v e i i r a na k a i V i t i

s e g a n i dau

vc . Cue -

B na kg oqTj v e i q a s e nf v u l i

mai v e i r a u

v inaka me

o Jone k e i Samu

E v v l i ma2 na t avako . E volitaki rnai na t avako . E v o l i t a k i rnai Suva na t a v a k o . E v o l i t a k f rnai Suva na t a v a k o

e na v e l s i g a . E dodonu m e v o l i t a k i m a i Suva

n a t a v a k o e na v e i s i g a . E dodonu me dau v o l i t a k i mai

Suva na t a v a k o e n a v e i s i g a . E s e g a n i dodonu me dau v o l l -

t a k i rnai Suva na t a v a k o e na v e i s i g a .

Sentence

Na qele e s o l i .

Na q e l e e Z soli. Na q e l e e Z s o l i v e i i r a . Na q e l e e Z s o l i v e i i r a n a

k a i vZii.2agi. Na q e l e e Z s a l i v e i I r a na

kal v s l a g i mai v e i i r a na k a i V i t i .

Na q e l e e B s e g a n i dau s o l i v e i i r a na k a i v g l a g i mai v e i i r a n a k a i V i t i .

Sen tence -- E t a r o g i .

E E t a r o g i . E 3 t a r o g i na kZi oq8. E .5 t a r o g i na k3 oq5 v e i q a s e

n i v u l i . E E t a r o g i na kB oqb v e i q a s e

n i v u l i rnai v e i r a u . E vinaka me 5 t a r o g i na kg oq8

v e i qase n i v u l i rnai v e i r a u . E v i n a k a me Zi t a r o g i n a kg

oq5 v e i q a s e n i v u l i rnai v e i

3. - t a k i i s a c a u s a t i v e s u f f i x . V o l i means ' t o be b o u g h t ; ' v o l i - t a k i means ' t o cause t o b e b o u g h t , ' t h u s , ' s o l d f .

7

9 * 5 I "

I r a u o J ~ ~ P ? c k e i Sa~nx.

e nanca E vinaka me i?i t a r o g i aa kz oq5 v e i q a s e n i vuXi mai v e i r a u o Jone k e i Samu e nanoa.

V3a. R e p e t i t i o n . I No d r a u gunu k a kana gB e k E . Mo l a k o k a l e s u mai v a k a - t o t o l o , E r a t a u s 5 s i s i l i o t i k a vaka-yakavi. Curu k i t u b a k a kgkua t a l e ni lesu m a i . E Ti s e l a k o e nanoa o koya k a sa s c g a g3 n i l e s u m a i . SB r a u t a e kS k a me t o u qa2 v a k a - o t i a n i mataka. Au v i n a k a t a rno l a k o k a t i k s e kE ni b e r a na r u a na

kaloko. Vaka- ra ic i kosa k a tukuna vua n i k ssB w Z w 8 t i k s . E-vaka-aasaqar t i k o o t i n a d r a k a ra q i t o t i k o n a gone.

E " a e v u d i n a na gunu k e i na kBkana e na bog i . No k a c i v i rau mai o Samu k e i V i l i a m e . K e i r a u n a l a k a vata k e i t & ~ a q u & V o l l a rnai e dua na pae%e t a v a o k e i na dua na mZsese. Mo l a k o v a t a kei r a u oqo ki n a rnzkete. E r u a n a t a u n i l e Jevu ma% V i t i ko Suva kei Lautoka. Curu mai mo d r a u m a 1 l u l u l u k e i Tlrnoci. Mo t i k o v a t a kef kcya me yacova sara n i moce. VolZ gB n a yacanu k e i n a v m u a o t i k o k i n a .

VII. Join the f o l l o w i n g w i t h k a - o r k e i . - S e n t e n c e

1. E y a d r a n a g o n e . E y a d r a n a gone k a moce n a t i n a n a . E moce n a t i n a n a .

2 . 0 V i t i 0 Toga

O V i t i k e i Toga.

3. E n a l e s u m a i n i k u a E rau4 n a l e s u m a i n i k u a o o Mere. Eere k e i S a l a .

E n a l e s u mai n i k u a o Sala.

4. Note the agreement i n number: e r a u i s used w i t h a d u a l s u b j e c t .

4. E P curu k i v a l e o koy a.

E % dabe o koya..

E B c ~ r u ki v a l e ka dabe o koya.

5. Lako k i n a sitoa. Laka k i n a s i t o a ka v o l i a m a i e dua n a p a e t e tavako.

Vclia ma2 e dua na . p a e t e tavako .

5. Na k a i Vglagi Na k a i VZlagi , k a i Id i a , k e i n a k a i J"aina.

Ma k a i I d i a Na k a i J g i n a

7. E r a i% s o t a k e i na Era a s o t a k a v a l a k e i n a meca meca e n a mataka e na n a t a k a l a i l a i . l a i l a i .

Era Z i v a l a k e i na meca c na mataka lailal.

8. Ha n i u e gunuvi na Ma niu e gunuvi na vuana k a vaka- vuana yaga tak i e na vakaaasaqa.

Na n i u e vaka-yaga- t a k i n a vuana e na, vaka-s asaqa.

3 Taroga vua na s iga Taroga vua na s i g a e n a yaco e n a yaco mai ma1 k i n a k e i n a cava e mai k i n a . cakava.

Taroga vua na cava e mai cakava.

10. Era 5, kana na lcwe Era B kana ka (ra) mamau n a n i koro . lewe n i koro.

E r a G mamau na lewe ni koro.

V I X I , Talanoa.

Na yaga n i niu

Na niu rsg dua n a kau yaga vaka-levu. E b u l a n a niu e na veivanua d s a k i katakata ka rawarawa na kena q a r a v i . Na kena yaga e levu . E vaka-yagataki me k-akana, t a u r i v a k i e na t a m n i v a l e k a yaga t a l e ga m e i yZyE n i v a l e .

Oy5 e v i c a wale gg na kena yaga. P J i sa s i g a n i n a n i u , e dau v o l i t a k i k a t a u r i vak i e na caka n i s ovu. Na kena sZ r u i yaga vaka-levu na n i u e c a v u t i k i n a n a i vosavosa Vaka-vit i n a ' v inaka vakmiu---sega e b i u . '

I X . Q u e s t i o n s .

1. Q. Na vanua cava e b u l a k i n a vaka-vinaka n a n i u ? A . Na n i u e b u l a vaka-vinaka e na vanua d r a k i

k a t a k a t a.

2 . Q. Na cava e cavu k i n a n a i vosavosa "v inaka vaka- niu---sega e b i u ?

A . E c a v u t i n a i vosavosa oqz b a l e t a na yaga n i , n i u .

3 . Q. Na cava n a yaga n i n i u ? A . E vaka-yagataki me kakana, t a u r i v a k i e n a ta ra n i

v a l e k a yaga t a le g% me caka me i yBya n i v a l e . E yaga t a l e gB n a n i u e n a kena b u l i n a ' sovu.

4. Q . Na cava n a i b a l e b a l e n i "v inaka vaka-niu---sega e b iu"?

A . Na kena i b a l e b a l e n i yaga taucoko n a n i u , m a i n a d rauna me yacova Sara na wakana.

X . Vocabulary.

benu ciwa curu

d rau I d i a J 5 i n a k a r i - a , k a r i - t a k a

k u l i lewe l u l u l u mamaca mzsese me e a p-&e t e qZ ni b u l u qe l e r u i sz, i s ma-ka sZsB

s i g m a s ovu taucoko t aun i taurivakca

r u b b i s h n ine e n t e r ; t r a n s . curuma, curumaka

'make a t h i n g e n t e r 1 - leaf I n d i a China kari s c r a p e 1 ; trans. k a r i a , --.Eirit;aka (more e m p h a t r s k i n , ba rk meat , f l e s h shake hands d r y matches (Engl . ) enemy packe t (Engl . ) coconut husk ear th , s o i l , l a n d t o o much, exceed ing ly r a f t e r sama 'sweep, c l e a n t ; t r a n s . samaka ' m d r y coconut l e a v e s ; ( 2 ) t h e

r i b s of coconut t i e d t o g e t h e r t o make a broom1

sun-dry; vaka-s i ana caus . s o a p (Engl _J__B a l l , whole ,complete ly town (Eng l . ) u s e , make use o f

t i k i tolo tuba

vaka-otia vakara ica vaka-s as aqa

vaka-s i gana vaka-v inaka vala v e i v a n u a ve ivu la vua waka yay& I.

a p a r t , p c r t i o n trunk, w a i s t o u t s i d e , b u t limited i n use; -

e tuba tadv. of placet; ki tuba adv. of movement * ; m a i t u b a --

' f rom o u t s i d e ' grow, spring up (of plants) burn, set fire to; vikamai pass. as i n vinalca vaka-niu-'useful

like a coconut1 finish, complete, bring to an end look f o r , look after coolc, b o i l . Also, vaka-saqz,

vaka-s aqara d r y i n t h e sun. See s i g a n a w e l l f i g h t , w a r ; f i g h t ( v . ) p l a c e s , d i f f e r e n t p l a c e s every month frtllt, seed r o o t goods, furniture, luggage

Ia . G r e e t i n ~ s .

FIJIAN

A i ka t l n i n i I s son5

Nd :sZ b u l a . l a , v inaka n a b u l a . M i b u l a ! Drau b u l a . O b u l a v inaka? 10, v a k a - l a i l a i . SZ vaka-evei? SB vaka-cava?

I b .

Yalo v inaka . Vosot f au mada. Vinaka vaka-levu. E rawa n i u r a i c i kernunI v a k a - l a i l a i ? E rawa n i u r a i c i kemunT mada?

11. E q u a t i o n a l Sen tences .

a . R e p e t i t i o n .

E dua na t i i r aga dau cakacaka o koya. E dau t e i t e i o koya. E cauravou n i Yasawa o Sarnu. E s6 n a tarnata y a l o drEdrE o ira. E dua n a yalewa vucesg o k o y a . E r a t o u k a i Merika. E dua na tarnata c Z o koya . E dua na t amata v inaka na t amata o q o r i . E r u a na t amata dau s iwa o r a u , E dua na gone yalewa v inaka o Mere.

I I b . V a r i a b l e s l o t .

Cue --

E gone yalewa cZi E tamata v inaka o TIrnoci E qase n i v u l i E dua na q a s e n i v u l i E dua na k a i Vzlagi

Sentence ---

E cauravou o koya.

E gone yalewa c 5 o koya. E t amata v inaka o koya. E t amata v i n a k a o TTmoci. E q a s e n i v u l i o TImoci. E dua na q a s e n i v u l i o TImoci, E dua na k a i VSlagi o TImoci.

Zi yorie. ni V 2 f i u j L,~lvil i'; :.pane ni Ynnua f ,evu o Tiaoci. n rau i: rau i;one ni Vanua Levu. ;; .? L 4 r ~ i n ria t x n ~ : j ; i ie ;~:~ :; rau C:C:T;C yalewa o r a u .

7, :A. ... epet i :irin.

-- !j a':! ;i;:'i ;:,a.i C,CI G

4. 1.n.t; i:, u

1,:) 5 a:; a

+ . ' , : L. (.>is ..

q..

: n h C ~ . \ , i h :;:) o t i

S 0 L j'j

.,.,, . . . . .... L2

< ? 1 r-> .' :;:I i~alic ;<.I %,uva 2 na y a . b a k i -

i ' .~~i C;CI C. . -1at;ou r i c i la].:c: k L y u v a . e r,a 1 - ,J a :i 1,: i :I: a i o c. c .

:i rrztcil n2 l a k c : Z i i Lab::sa e r,r: ya.bnl.:i r.lai 045 .

;.. r a t s u r:n t o k l ki LL~~.I:I.SCL e na -<

,1;;3tj;t1.; ;-yji -

0 3 0 . .-. ,: r a t : : ~ u a t o k i k'l. Z,ab;ina, e ria. - - :.?,:dCx,Ja, :;a o t i . .

. , -

. > rat;i.:,ii r: s c k o %:i Lr;b as a e na. .- - c ~ ~ - L c ~ . ~ , ~ ~ . 5 8 ti.

, . - !..el.~i:~i & : ; a k ~ ):,i L;:b;i38 e na -- .* _.iac:i;.ia s i l at:.

,-, :.''<,'; :.t '[..; :-i F2. 1-j (">: !!-: t- ;> ;?:, :; - - - . . . ?. -.- st . , . , ! .- ? . L ; j l : ; q , : ~ i . -- ". - - -.. .-. -

t::.c.i ., - , - A

,;:1 ,!.:-:-;;;:.l :):> 7;o, . :v*2 ,-.:)\i2;i r l i Cl> ::<* "--- .- .--.- - . -..---.-

-j <-I v i;

VIa. . A t t r i b u t i o n .

V f ' o .

Cue .----

c z v i n a k a dzu cakacaka - vuccsa d a u VQSa. c:icirucur!ru :ral.o vinalca dau dreclre - - rna~ctiua r a i r ~ i v i n a k n

t u r a g a 'xuro Lose vola.vola. :', Z V D S a ila Gula vuli - - 3. 7 i ~ . y n b i l l i;r.,:2:au

T ~ - J. c . ?!ari a b l e s l o t . Cue ---

c <us. vc 613 ori. t o l u ni IX - og:3 j aZna og a

Gqo e dua n a yalewa cz . . . .

Of.!,ori ria. vale ni m c e . * . .

S e n t e n c e

- 0 7 3 n a vale n i yaqona.

Oyii e dua n a vale r i i yaqona . C":, e d u a na vu n i gaqona. S ~ r ' r i e 3 u a na vc ni jiaqona. ; 2 tolu n a VG n i paqona. C q c r i e tolu na vu ni niu. Oq6 e tclu na vG nl niu. 056 c tolu na vL ni j a i n a . - 0:;s e tolu na ~2 n i jZil;a.

VII. Verib nl.us o b j e c t . a. l2xpansicn.

Sentence ---

nonn i sele 3 ki ncd~atou vale

n i k u a

Cue -

na vD ni jZkna e lima mai n o n a f t c l t e l

Cue --

n a q i o 3 na yavzna nai w a i

e n a y a k a v i

E c i c i v a .

E c i c i v a n a nona i sele. E 8 e i c i v a n a nona i sc l e . E B c i c i v a n a nona i s e l e k i

n o d s a t o u v a l e . E B c i c j v a n a nona i s e l e k i

nodratou v a l e n i k u a , E 5 ciciva na nona i sele k i

n o d r a t o u vale c na s i e a l e v u nilrul;.

S e n t e n c e ----

2 % t e a n a vCi ni 58ina . 2 3 t e a e llrna na vil n i JZinrz, E3 5- t e e e l i n a r?a VU nni j%ina

rnzirnona 2 t t s l t e i . E 3 t e a e 12x3 na vT3 ni j z i n a

-, ,,,,i r, nona 1 t e i t e i e na vula - s a z t l .

S e n t e n c e

E k a t i a .

E k a t i a n a q i 5 . 5 S k a t l a na q i d . E 3. k a t i a n a yavana na q i B , C B k a t i a na yavm.a na qi3 m a i

~ i a i , I7 % katia n a yavana n a qiB mai

wai e na y a k a v i , E 5 k n t i a na, yavana na q i 5 rnai

; g a i s n a y a k a v i n i s i ga T u s i t e .

VIIb. S u b s t i t u t i o n . Use the euc as t h e o b j e c t ,

Sentence ---- l? '$I a o k u t a n a yavana. Au 3 c i c i v a na noqu i s u l u . S B kana t i k o na taciqu.

n a vuniwai

koya i ra koya n a gone oq5 n e va le w a t i q u

n a b i a na i k a Peni

Response

E a k a c i v i Jone e n a mataka la iba l . .

Au sega ni k i l B . Au 8 ~ a i c a na waqa. E dodonu no lakova n a i k a t a l a u . Au ii vukei r a u . E la t a r Z . I3 n a taroga na qase n i v u l i o

koya. S 5 v i a gunu n a vugona. E 5 s i w a t a e na bog l . Au 5 sega ni lomaria n a yalewa oyg.

E 5 mokuti au. Au 5 c I c i v i Sala. Si?i k a n i a t i k o n a d a l o n a t a c i q u . E kac iva na vuniwai e n a mataka l a i l a i . Au sega n i k i l a i koya. Au E r a i c i i r a . E dodonu rno l akov i koya. Au 5 vukea n a gone oqo. E 5 tars na vale . E na t a r o g i wa t iqu o koya . SZi v i a gunuva na bia na vugona. E Z s i w a t a n a i k a e na hog i . Au a sega ni Zomani Tent .

VILI . R e p e t i t i o n d r i l l . a.

1. Au nanuna n i n a e i l a n a v u l a e ns bog l . 2 . Au kila n i sz dodonu m5 l a k a mada. 3. E da tou n a t f k o mai k e y 5 ni bera na v s . 4 . Au v i n a k a t a me d a t a u t i k o e kz n i b e r a na soqo. 5. E rawa n i 3 u vaka-yagataka e s6 n a nomu baca? 6 . E rawa n i 5 d r a u t e k i v u cakacaka m a 1 Lautoka e na

yakav i n i mataka?

VIIIb. {negat ion)

1. Au nanma n i n a sega ni z i i a na v u l a e na bog l . 2 . Au s e g a n2 k i i 5 se dodonu mc s 5 l a k o se kua. 3 . E s e g a ni rawa n i da tou na t i k o mai keyH n i b e r a na vz. 4. Au s e g a ni v i n a k a t a me da tou t i k o e kg n i bera n a soqo. 5. E sega n i rawa r . i t u vaka-yagataka e s5 n a nomu baca? 6 . E s e g a n i rawa n i o drau t e k i v u cakacaka mai Lautoka

e n a yakavi n i rnataka?

Negation

Au k i l a i koya. Au 5 nanumi t i n a q u . Au n a l a k o ke o l ako . E sla rnacala. E qase n i v u l i . E v u l i t i k o e Merika

na tamata oqc. E ba l avu n a g a u n i s a l a . E b a t a b a t a n a vanua. E v inaka na v a l e n i

yaqona n i V i t i . E 5 v i a l e s u t a l e rnai

n ikua .

Response

Au s e g a ni k i l a i koya. Au 5 s e g a n i nanumi t i n a q u . Au na s e g a n i l a k o ke o l a k o , E s e g a n i macala. E s e g a n i qase n i v u l i . E s e g a n i v u l i t i k o e Merika

na tamata oq5. E s e g a n i ba l avu n a g a u n i s a l a . E s e g a n i b a t a b a t z n a vanua. E s e g a n i v inaka n a v a l e n i

yaqona n i V i t i . E E s e g a n i v i a l e s u t a l e mai

n ikua .

IXa. R e p e t i t i o n .

E clodonu mo vaka-muria n a nona lewa me vakla n i nornu qase n i vuPi.

SE dodonu me d a vaka- to to lo n i s i i ciwa n a kaloko. E a tukuna mo d rau wasaka nf l e s u mai e n a yakavi . E dodonu me t i k o e k@ na BuZi. E B dodonu me k e i r a u wereca na i t e i t e i .

IXb, S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue -.

i k o o P i t a

koy a

r a t ou

k e i r a u

d rau

Sen tence

E dodonu m e l e s u rnai e n a yakav i .

E dodonu mo f e s u rnai e n a yakav i . E dodonu me l e s u rnai e n a yakavi

o P i t a . E dodonu me l e s u rnai e n a yakav i

o koya. E dodonu me r a t o u l e s u rnai e n a

yakavi . E dodonu me'u l e s u rnai e n a

y akav i . E dodonu me r a u l e s u rnai e n a

yakav i . E dudonu m e k e i r a u l e s u mai e

na yakavi . E dodonu me da l e s u mai e n a

y ak a v i . E dodonu rno d r a u l e s u rnai e n a

yak a v i .

Xa. R e p e t i t i o n ,

Au na siwa ke v inaka n a d r a k i . Ke i rau n a vaka- to to lo rnai ke rawa, Au n a v i a r a i c i i k o ke o yaco mai n ikua. Au na l e s u mai e n a yakavi ke rawa n i o t i n a bose n ikua . Au n a l e s u mai e n a bog i n ikua ke rawa n i o l a k o t a l e gB.

Xb. S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue - Sentence

Au n a s iwa ke v inaka na d r a k i .

Mo drau l a k o rnai

Mo vaka-o t ia n a nomu eakacaka

Lako mai nl mataka

Daru l a ' k i wereca na noqu i t e i t e i

Au na gade yani

Keirau n a l a ' k i S a r a q l t o

Xc. S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue -

l e v u na baca - dua n a noqu wa n i s iwa

rawa n i o l a k o t a l e gg

au r a i c a rawa e dua na b o t o

da tou Lako v a t a

Mo d rau lako mai k e v inaka n a d r a k i .

Mo vaka-o t ia na nomu cakacaka ke v inaka n a d r a k i .

Lako mai n i mataka ke v inaka na d r a k i .

Daru l a v k i wercce na noqu i t e i t e i ,

Au na gade yan i ke v inaka na d r & i .

Kelrau na l a % i sara g i t o ke v inaka na d r a k i .

Au n a siwa ke v inaka n a d r a k i .

Au na s iwa ke l e v u n a baca . Au n a s iwa ke dua n a noqu w5 n i

siwa. Au na s iwa ke rawa n i o l a k o

t a l e gla. Au na s iwa k e l u r a i c a rawa e

dua n a bot;o. Au na sfwa ke datou l ako v a t a .

Ma v i l a v i l a i revo

E n a gauna e l i u , e B b u l a t i k o e dua n a dau t a l a n o a n a yacana o Dredre e n a k o r o ko Navakeisese e n a yanuyanu ko Bcqa. E dau kena 1 vaka-rau m e ra kau nabu vuS o i r a e s a v i a rogo i t a l a n o a .

Dua gona n a s i g a s a t u k u n a o koya me ra k a u t a maf na i nla ta i gZ n i kE e r a r a i c a rawa e n a n o d r a l a t k i s i w a se v a k a - s k a . SZ l a k o S a r a e dua v e i I r a na dau rogo i t a l a n o a n a yacana o T u i n a i v i q a l i t a me l a l k i s i w a , k a siwata sara e dua n a duna. Ni s Z l a v e t a mai vanua n a duna, s E vukt S a r a m e t a m a t a , S a k i l Z e keyZ o T u i na i v i q z l i t a n i k a l o u vh oya. Sla t e k f v u vaka-mamasu s a r a n a k a l o u va me vaka-bu- l a i , k a y a l a t a k a e l e v u n a kg--bese gZ o Tui. SE q a i t u k u n a na vu me s o l i a vuz n a kaukauwa me rawa n i b u t u k a n a v a t u k a t a k a t a.

Me yacova n a s i g a n l k u a , o i r a kece n a kawa n e i T u i n a i v i q g l i t a e rawa n i ra b u t u k a n a v a t u k a t a k a t a k a ra s e g a n i kama.

Q u e s t i o n and answer.

1. Na yanuyanu cava e t u k u n l t l k o e na i t a l a n o a oqz? Na yanuyanu ko Beqa,

2. Na cava e r a dau cakava o i r a n a v i a rogo i t a l a n o a ? E r a dau kau nabu .vuZ n a dau n i t a l a n o a .

3. 0 c e i n a yaca i koya n a dau t a l a n o a ? Na y a c a i koya n a dau t a l a n o a ko Dredre .

4 . Na cava e 8 s i w a t a o T u i n a i v i q z l i t a ? E 5 s i w a t a o koya e dua n a duna.

5 . Na cava e 5 q a i yaco vuZ n a duna n i s5 l a v e t i maf vanua?

E vuki me tamata n a duna,

6 . Na kaukauwa cava e 5 s o l i a na k a l a u vE v e i Tui n a i v i q a l i t a?

E Z i s o l i a n a kaukaurzra m e rawa n i b u t u k a n a v a t u k a t a - k a t a k a sega n i kama n a yavana.

X I Z . Vocabulary ,

Beqa bese b o t o ce gu c i l a - v a

cudrucudru - d r a t o u -d rau duna gona

k a l o u

k a t i - a k auk a9w a k avr a ke ce l a v e - t a

mamadug nabu

qio r a i r a i

r e v o , 1

rogo

t aga t i n i vaka-bula i vaka-mamas u vaka-s asii vaka-si g a l e vu vaka-y a k a v i v a t u v e i q a r a v i , dau v i l a v i l a

v o l a v o l a vucesz vuki y a l a t a k a

name or a n i s l a n d sou th o f Suva r e f u s e b o a t ( E n g l . ) t a k e a b r e a k , rest c i l a ' t o s h i n e , most ly o f t h e

s u n , moon o r s t a r s ' ; t r a n s . c i l a v a

e a s y t o l o o s e temper 3 rd p e r s o n t r i a l 3 r d p e r s o n d u a l e e l d e m o n s t r a t i v e pronoun ' t h a t ,

u s u a l l y emphat l c ' s p i r i t ; k a l o u vu ' a n c e s t r a l god' ;

n a K a l s u 'Codr k a t i 'bite ' ; t r a n s . k a t i a s t r o n g , h a r d descendants all, a l t o g e t h e r lavd raise , l r f t up ; t r a n s .

l a v e t a -- b a s h f u l , shy present o f food brought t o the

man who t o l d tales s h a r k (1) appearance ( 2 ) I t looks l i k e ,

o r i t seerns a s i n V i l a v f P a i revo ' t h e f i r e

walk in^ cerenan!r hea r , make a n o i s k ( o f an e n g i n e ) ,

sp read , be tneard of (news) , be famous ( o f a p e r s o n , o r p l a c e ) ' ; t r a n s . rogoca

bag, p o c k e t , s a c k t e n s e t f i r e p l e a d h u n t mid-day meal e v e n i n g meal s t one a t t e n d a n t , s e r v a n t , maid as in V i l a v i l a i revo . See

l a z y , rdle, w o r t h l e s s t u r n , change promise

F :;I P,N

A -1 Ica t i r ' r i ka dua n l l e s o n i

(Word o r d e r ; gsL)

I, Diafegue t o b e memorized.

A : D r a k i v inaka S ~ F S very good w e a t h e r t oday . gZ n i k u a .

3: Jo . -$aka-cava o Yes. Ilaw a b o u t y o u , where are i k o , o l a k o ki ~ G U going t o d a y ? v e i n i k u a ?

A: 31 o t i ga n a gunu tx A s soon a s I have Li reakfas t . au n a l a k o k i na l l ? l go to t h e ~ a r d e n , i t e i t e i .

: Au 3 q a i lesu gi'i 1 j u s t eut!e back from t h e ma1 na 1 t e i t e i e ;;arde:~ yes t e rdcg . :xlinoa.

A: cj na l a l k i ve i n i k u a ? i+.'Pt.rz :ire ycu going to go today?

B: As na v i a l akc rnncla r z vaka-t o t s l o !.:i Laut oka .

A : 0 nn lesu mai e na v i e s na kaloko?

B : A U sega ni E ~ Z 12. Ke a t i ta toEo na k g au n a l a f k i cakava , a u n a l e s u mai c n a y a k a ~ i .

A : Au 5 v i a l a k o t z l e gZ k l Lau';ok;3., La s 5 deep &:L scga ~i l e s u ~ n a i n z Si t;eit;el.

- B: S B vina.ka, a u sn iatki vaka- rau madti me 'u lelto.

A: Io, v i n a k a .

I ' d I f X e ti:, r2;;kc a fas% t r i p to JJtii~tol(,c f i r s t .

Wha$ time w i l l you come back?

I r?onvt ticnod. If I can f i n i s h w h ~ t I ' m going t o do, 1'11 cGme back i n the evenlng.

I wan ted t o go t o Lau toka , t oo , but it t s been long s i n c e I ' v e bzen t o my garcten.

e;. i ' , , I r d be t te r . go and g e t I-r ;? i y .

1. 3Z, d l r e c t l y fcs,l.?n,wing a abase, i s u s u a l l y t r a n s l a t e d 86 ' j u s t ' .

A u -- sega gZ n i rawata !I J u s t c a n ' t do i t . ' GZ. also occurs w2th v a r i o u s p a r t i c l e s : --

tale a5 ' a l s o ' P o n l y ' very ' each orle, e v e r y '

n i n a f75 as the first base i n a sequence, means ' i n s p i t e o f ' . F o r example, E d i n n gZ. n i d r a k i e2, k e i r a u a a 5 . 'In s p i t e of t he bad weather, we s t i l l went . '

Au Zi raica q 5 e dua v e l Tau. 7- c se lev13 na til, i a ?la o t 4 p-75 :,a s u k a . - V a ~ a - - c a v a ;;a o ilco c sega ni l ako? Ya33 v i r n k a , nanuma ~5 no v a ~ a - t o t o l o mai. .... Au s e r a f;2 ni kilZ na cava e B yaco vu5. AIL ner,ucta m e l u sB w5;:Z t t fko XB e k g . Tovolea ~3 na nbmu i FB t a u e o k o !no rawata. E sepa ~ - 5 n i macala ns sava e eudru k i n a . - Au nar:turia xo d r a u s i l la icu n~ada a kernudrau. S o l i a @. ve i au c dua.

ne lc i io f32 rnai e due v e i kemudrau

T I I D .

Cue

na y acana

Sentence -

S 5 do6onu m e l a k o . SZ dodonu me l a k o ga. SZ dodonu m e l ako g% mai, S Z dodonu m e l a k o g5 mai e dua. S 5 dodonu m e l ako g 5 rnai e dua

v e i kemudrau .

Seri tencc

Au sega n i nanuma.

Au s e g a nf nanuma n a yacana.

q B rawa

nn kcna sh i r a i

L:r sc., - 2 i-3 nf. nr=ritlma na yacana. - +

l lu se,:;11 --rl 111. aanuma rawa n a y aenr;p-.

Au ki2.3 , ;s au seqa n i nanuma raws na yncana.

A12 k i l % na kena r a l r a i , l a au s a g a E% n i nanuma rawa na ~.Si l?Gai ' l2 i~

IV. R e p e t i t i o n d r i l l .

E r a u Z kana t a l e g2. - E 5 l ako t a l e ga mai na watina. Au 5 sega t a l e E.,G nl. r a i c i . kaga* - Au a sega t a l c ga nl t u k u n n we2 T T r t c i , - E dodonu ~c l a k o t a l c c:a. - Au n u i t a k a n i na drakB v i n a k a talr rra n i ata aka Sa o t i t a l e F*! na k e d g kzlian:>, Tarofri ~ c y a tale ~5 . - No v a k s - t o t o l o t a l e ~ 7 1 i:i.:*i c Ihco* 140 k a ~ t s *;ale g5 i nh i rip. i ? , c x ~ t j. :.e:e.

talc ~ ' " a ni mataka

au v fnaka t a

e na mataka l a i l a i

t o v o l e a t a l e n i bera n a bogi

- E na 2 . 2 2 0 t a l e ~ $ 2 c koya. il na l e k n tale $i o k c y a n l

zataka. - 4 2 v i n a k a t a me na lako t a l e ~5 0

Ito:;*i x1.i. ~natakc. ki, v i ~ ; k a t a me n a l s k a p;Z o

;:oy4i c na zatakzr la$ Jai ni 1" 32, ;) ?C 3. .

To~iolc-..s rnn t i k ~ c k g . 'rhjvn!c-~ t a l e qZ rno tiko e kG. P1 Lovciev cale qa rno tiko e kZ

n i b n r a na b o g i . Kc rawa, t o v o l e a t a l e g5 mo t i k o

e kc ni b e r a na bogl.

V I , R e p e t i t i o n d r i l l .

E b a l kau wale gZT. .E l e v u w a l e zZi na nona vosa. Ro n a n m a wale ga n a k g au B t u k u n a v e i I.ko, Kauta wale g;Z mai e dua n a i vesu d a l o . T a r o g wale gB vua n a cava e v inaka t a . T o v o k a wale gB rno v a k a - t o t o l o mal. Ke t a u wale qZ v a k a - l a i l a i na uea. Ke Z i tiko wale iya c kg o koya . :J~O saurna w a l e pa. e dua n a t a r o . !:lo 3anurr.a wale q5 na nomu vosa ni y a l a y a l a .

t $.AT. .-T Expans ion d r l i l .

r r( Juru ne kTikari,a wale gZ

2e r a u t a e rua

Cue --

7,Tak a- rt,zut aka .

Da.ru ~~aira.-rautalca.. - ~ ! a 3 : ; ? ~ ~alrti.-..raut:~k(a na IcZiicana. i-j y .?A .rzska-laaut a ,ks wale g?i n a

1,: 3h: .:an a . Dnru vaka.-rriutaka vralc gB n a

k2.kana mc rau ta . r? r u a . Dax*u .$aka--rautak~i . wale g% na

k8kana me rauta c rua na sf ga.

Sentence -- .-

na noqu kerekcre i"T%nur;;a n a rloqu kerekere . wale g8. 1:anurna wale gB n a noqu kerekere . e dcdonu E d c d ~ n u mo nanurna wale $3. n a

ncqu kerckere . ni e s a bera ni l a k g 242 c s a b e ~ a n l l a k o e dodonu

rrio llanurna wale g.,8 na noqu k ~ r e k ~ r e .

E na vanua sa ra g3. au Zi r a i c i koya k i n a . E na gauna Sara gB e 3. k a c r v i a u k i n a . Au a ra ica sara g2 na k a l o k a l o mata i lalai, E "3 tau Sara g"u vaka- levu na u c a e n a bog i .

Voleka . ~ a m g B n a tin1 na k a l o k o qa i y&co rnai o koya . S a dedE S a r a gg k a i r a u q a i s o t a t a l e . Au sega sara gZ ni qsi kunea t a l e e dua n a kena 6 . Au scga sara gE ni k l l g na cava na vuna, E 5 k z c i v i t m a n a sara giX Q koya . E secra sara g B nf dua e k i l Z na vanua e t i k o kina o koya.

IX. 3 x p a n s i o n drill.

Sentence -- E 5 d r a k l vinaka.

nlai Laut oka E E d r a k i v i n a k a maf Lau toka . s a ra ~2 E 5 d r a k i v inaka sara g5 m a i

L z u t a k a . - e n a s l ~ a Vakaraubuka r: a d r a k i v i n a k a sasa g2 mmai

Lau toka e na siga Vakaraubuka. ni rnacav~a sg o t i 5 ii d r a k l vanaka sara g.3 mai

IJautaks c na s l p a Vakaraubuka - ni :;lar,nll;rL sB oti.

Cue n - Lle:~tt:r?ce -----. -

r ? - L: a s o l Z ~ r 0 Jotl~e e C ~ L ~ R na s o t e .

? - !!, a s o l c a vf:i au c Jone 2 du&

n;z sctc, -7 - e ns f e v u ni nona rx,rn~:. ,.; a. s c 1, fL2 ve i au o ;Ioy-~e e clua

- sara !?a

na s o t e e na l e v u n i nana r+ "? ..luTau . .-. - =, 2 s ~ ? i ,.,a, "- s a r a jrB v e i au o Jorle c d l ~ z na x o t e e na l e v u n i rioy', f ri;iJ'ala.

i4e ra l ako kece n a i na g;onu i-lai. File r a t o u cskacakn k e c e ~5 ni natakn. E dodonu mo nanu:ea e ns veigatma k e c e gZ. Ma k a u t a kece gZ na i n a k e n s o raica. 14t. n 1 t i k o kece pE c k G n i mataka. Yio nT raf cf au kece g5 e Liu. Na vG ni n i u kece YE o?b e nona o koya . C Ira kece gZ na Gone cq5 n a luvena . - Dou t o v a l e a kece ga mo d o u t o t o l o mai. Fl v i n a k a rns k a u t a kece qZ rnai na nomu moto.

X I . Expansion dril.1.

Cue -

e n a v e i s i g a kece gZ

e n a macawa sB o t i

XXb . Cue -

e dodonu rnai n f kece gB e ria dua n a gauna

Sentence

E 3 tau n a uca.

E 5 t a u na uca e na v e i s i g a . E 3, t a u n a uca e n a v e i s i g a

kece gZ. E 5 t a u na uca e na v e i s i g a

kece g5 e na rnscawa sg o t i . E B t a u vaka-levu na uca e n a

acawa v e i s i g a kece g5 e n a n- szi o t i .

E dodonu rno l e s u . E dudonu mu l e s u mai. E dodonu no nl l e s u m a i . E dodonu ma nZ lesu kece gg mai. E d ~ d o n u mc nT l e s u kece gg mai

e na dua n a gauna.

X I I . R e p e t i t i o n .

E d i n a gB n i r a t o u B sogoca , i a e r a t o u 5 s e g a n i vaka-bauta . E d i n a g3 n i t u B sB t u k u n a v e i rau, i a e r a u Zi s e g a n i k a u t a

rnai . E 3 yaco d i n a gZi. E d i n a gZ n i t a m a t a i a i l a i o koya , sZ dua na tamata kana

levu . Au na la ico d i n a gZ n i mataka. E d i n a g5 nl B draIci cz, e 5 rawa v inaka gZ na soqo. S a l e v u d f n a gii na Ilea e n a vanua oq5, Sa d i n a gZi n a kg au ii tukuna v e i i k o . E d i n a g B n i sB qase o koya, kzkua ni k i l a l e c a vua. E d i n a gZi n i d r a k i v inaka n i k u a , e s e g a gg n i d rakf

v inaka n i siwa.

XIII . Expansion.

Cue -

e 17rl rnzcatva s;ii o t l E a l e v u n a uca e na macawa .- s z ~ t i .

s a dina F P , ~ n i X s a d i n a gS ni 5 l e v u n a uca c ria Gcawa s 5 o t f .

ia e Z r axn na cak2caka E s a dlna ga n i Z i l e v u na uca e na mgcawa sE o t i , ia c B r a n a na cakacaka .

7 vlnakz ,:5 ?A s=;r cii na ~a n i 5 l c v u rla usa - e ria mzcawa s S oti, La e a ra;\rC v inaka gE na zakacaka.

n e i r a u F e 3 d i n a q a n i 5 l e v u na uca e na in8eawa sZi o t i , ia e B rzwa v inaka EZ na neirau cekacaka.

X l l i b ,

Cue - SZ seiya d i n a gz.

.- 111 rnacala SZ s e ~ a d i n a ~a ni rnacala. n a cava e manati k c y a 35 ~ c r a d i n a ;B n i rnacala *a.

cava e rnanatl. kojra. ni s e g a ni b a u mur ia ria S s nega d i r l a g5 ni maeala n a

VQS it cava e ninnati k o y a ni sega ni b a u musia na vosa.

n e i qase ni v u l l S 5 sega d i n a gZ ni macala na cava e manat i koya ni sega n i bau ~ l u r i a n a vosa n e i qase ni v u l i .

E na i a k o ki Suva o kcyn nS a n t a k a . E na lako o koyh ni iilataka 1-:1 Suva.

1. The order of Ran7 p h r a s e s i n F i j i a n is n o t f i x e d , but can v a r y accord in^; t o which phrase s h o u l d be emphasized. The emphasis i s produced by s h i f t i n g t h e phrase t o the beg inn ing of t h e s e ~ t e n c e . Compare t h i s to English, which uses stress emphasis.

In some of t n e fo' l lcwinq d r i i i s , t h e d i f f e r e n t ward orders are p r e s e n t e d as answers t o d i f f e r e n t q u e s t i o n s . Mote t h a t f o r sorr,e s h i f t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h a t of' t o p i c t o t h e h n g i n n i n g of t n e sen tence , t h e i n t o n a t i o n changes. %here p o s s i b l e , these are tsarked b y commas,

O koya , e na l a k o ki Suva n i n a t a k a . 0 kaya , e na. l a k o ni mataka k l Suva. Ni mataka , e n a l ako k i n a k i Suva o k o y a . ? l i mataka, e n a l a k o k i n a o koya ki Suva.

3 !: t i l co rial Szva c S ~ r z u e na P I ~ ~ G Z ~ J Z S, o t i . 0 Sarnu, c 5 t i k o r;al Suva e n a mgcawa sa o t 4 . E n a xacawa s a c L i , e a t i k o k i n a m a i Suva o Sarnu.

7 - 1: ma v i a l a T k f cnkacaku k i Vatakoula na t a ~ n n a ~3 na

y a b a k i rnai oq:. ' " N r taynana, e na. t l-a i ~ ~ k i c:3:<3e91s,a kf Vatukoula. e na

y a b a k i mai oqa . E na y a b a k i ma1 oqc , e na v i a l a i k i cekscaka k i n a ki

V a t u k o u l a na t w n n a .

C ria ti:.co c kg a i;a"i ani b e r a na b o e i . 0 Sala, e na t i k o e kg n i bera nn b o g l , Ni bera na bogi, c n a tiko e kg o SaZa.

E rau n a Jesu tali , rlrli e na v u l a o Y'jic. - It gna fesu. t a l e rlai :I na v u i a o :4e, o r a u . Ct r a u , r a u na- l .esu tale ma1 e ria vu la 0 ~ 6 . E na v u l a I> Ye, e naalx ria l e s u t a l e mai k i n a .

XV, Questions and A n s ~ c r s .

a. Sentence : ii na lako k i Suva o k o y a nl mataka.

1. 0 c e i e n a la?c xi Suva n i rriataka? O koya, e na la::o k i Suva nl mataka .

2 . E v e l e nz lako k i n a a koya ni mataka? E na l a k o k i Suva o k o y a n i ma taka .

2 . E vef c; 2 l a ' k i v o i i Pka k i n a n lkua? K i n a rnZkete/Ki na makcte au Z l a ' k i voli Zka k i n a n ikua .

3. Ha eava o Zi cakava n i k u a ? Au Z laTki v o l i ika k i na m a e t e n ikua .

4. E m i c a 5 Zi lavki v o l i i k a k i n a k i n a mskete? Nikua au Z l a t k i v o l i i k a k i n a k i n a mzkcte.

XVe . Sentence: Na B u l i e na do l ava na bose rnai n a koro e na s i g a Vukelulu rnai oq5.

1. 0 c e i e n a Golava na bose rnai n a koro e na s i g a Vukelulu mai oqz?

Na Bull e ria dolavn na bose ma1 n a kors e na s i g a Vuke l u l u maf cq 5 .

2 . E v e i e na do lava k i n a n a bose na 3uli e n a s i g a JukePu lu mai cqC?

Mai na koro/Mai na k a r o e na dolava k i n a n a bose na RuLi e n a s l g a V u k e l u l u mai oq6.

3 . Na cava e n a lalkb cakava n a B u l i ki aa karc e na s i g a Vukelulu m i cqE?

E na l a f k i do lava ns 3 u l i na bnse rnai na k o r o e na s i g a Vukelulu mai oq6,

4. E n a i c a e na dolava k i n a n a Bu l l n a bose mai na koro? E n a siga Vu3ceiulu ma1 0qF.1 e na dolava kina n a bosf:

rnai n a kars na Buli,

X V I . Respond with the cQe as t h e f i rs t ph ra se i n t h e s e n t e n c e .

Cue - Sentence

l i n a Lako kl Suva o koya ni rnataka.

ni mat aka

o koya

o Jone e d a i d a i

N I rnataka, e n a l a k o k i n a ki Suva o ksya .

Q koya , e na l a k o ki Suva n i at aka.

E n a lako k i Niu S i l a d i o Jone e d a i d a i .

I2 n a t i k c mai FJadi o koya n i kc ra n a tolu na kaloko.

o Kcya . . c

n l b e r a na t o l u n3 k s l o k o . . . I1 na d c i l a ns qase ni v ~ l i e

dua na v c i t a r o r i c na s i g a ::a;< "I. I- a uk8 r ~ k . a .

ris qase r,i vu1.i. . . . e ne sip:a ~jak;;ya.uSfii:~: . . .

- I!a ma;;i c sep:a ni. ~aka-;;;~yet;;i.:I ?:ale qri c Viti, e - k i l a i t a l e ?a fia kcx-la ya;:a. c n:i vcl;j;rete: ynnuyi>,nu tale e -

so e r!a xasa P c ? s l f i , k a , " :\!a yaczna xiLzI. l e v u j<z na ' t apa ' . 7 . - - - ::, C3nr3. ga ni c;:;<a PIX cas i $2 ria. ss ;:a na ",lk i V i t i me -

v;?ka. m a i Vatu l e l e :?ci T.,:?u, ::I u vaks-ya;l;af;aki e na veiyasa , - -

i 'lit1 kecc ~ 2 . . L 162:,71; s a r a iya ria ka e yaga k i n a n a rnasi, e vaka-yagritaki me !. l a t i . r i l v;:..le, t tzunarc~r k a i u b l - t a l e qZ. ni i :nGce::;c.ctl.. A Ijair,a t a l e ga n2 rnasi e na. S O ~ O - ni vaka-rmt; k e i ;la !na"c e, Oc,E e v i c a :;a na k e n a yaga. E - r a f c i rawa. e kE 21 ~ a s i s a dua na. - I. y a u yaca vaka- levu , seza wale isla e Vlti e - v a k g t a l e g,a kina e na veiyanuganu e na P a s i f i k a nie v:Cca c-a:! :?Srcoa k e i Toga.

- . - 3. . !]a y c ~ c a cava c x i : a i ra raba kina na riasi?

.7 L . R . ~ ~ , ~ v , - ,.6. .. ad;? e ;.u? n - ~ t l ~ ? ' J i t i e c a k a k i n a na masi.

4 . v~a::u;: cnva s:>ti e ~~:iii . ;~.-~ai;:a+uaki k i n 2 na. nas i?

kalokalc ; - keee ga ke r e ke re l a l a i l a t i

Xeca

mas i

scti t apa

t aun ?,ml

t e i t e i , .i t1 u b i , i vaka-mau V a t uLe l e

vesu , 9. Vulce l u i u vuna ya lay a la . yau, i

fence adv. p r e c e d i n g verbs t o soften

t h e e x p r e s s i o n (1) i n s p i t e o f , a l though

( 2 ) t r u l y , really d o l a t o open7 ; t r a n s . do lava

' d o with e a r n e s t n e s s , t o be -- e a g e r 1 ; 1 gu ' e a r n e s t n e s s , wh a c t u a l l y d o i n g i t '

s t a r a l l , w i t h o u t e x c e p t i o n ; everyone r e q u e s t pf u r z l form of l a i l a i ' s m a l l ' e n c l o s e , i n t e r c e p t from s i c h t j I l a t i ' a c u r t a i n , s c r e e n ' ; ---- trans. lrztia

l o s t . rnissi .ng, u n c e r t a i n , i c i s t a k c n l y

~ ~ a n a .- ' s u p e r n a t u r a l p o w 1%' ; manata ' a f f e c t e d b y , of' a. d i s e a s e '

( l ) - a r e c , t h c p a p e r mul'oery ( 2 ) t h e c l o t h made from t h i s -; e

c l c12d w i d e l y ( 1 ,, \ v e r y , self-same, e x z c t l y ,

a c t . u a l l y ; ( 2 ) n o t even s a u 'repcy , answer a q u e s t i o n f ; - trans , s auma

a p a r t i c l e modify ing a n e g a t i v e g e n e r a l P o l y n e s i a n name fsr t h e

c l o t h made from t h e pape r a u l b c r y t r e e

mosqui to n e t ~ a r d e n tea ( S n g l . ) a c o v e r , c l o a k ; - u b i ' c o v e r ' mar r i age n m e o f an i s l a n d o f f the South

Coast o f V i t i Levu a t ail t i m e s , aLways ( p l u r a l ) ino ul rv . e xarninat i o n a s A i n ;6iyasa i V i t i ' p a r t s of

' a s i d e , a p l a c e 1 * 1

X L C ~ ~ S C ~ , cause promise goods , w e a l t h , r i c h e s , p o s s e s s i o n s

A F ka t l n i k a r u a n i l s s o n i ( C o x p a r i s o n ; possession)

1. lY i a l o g u e . t o be memorized,

A : O c e i i na norla waqa Whose boat is that? 07 xa?

3 : Og3 na waqa n e i 2 That's Sin!onls b o a t . Sai~r ,one.

A: E waqa v l n a k a Gina. I t ' s really a good b o a t .

Za, e sega g2 11i B u t it's n o t as f a s t as t h e totolo me vaka na b o a t of the b r o t h e r s , John nodrau waqa na and ~"iark, vel t a c i n i o Jone kt? i X7iriIca.

I. riere , cei mean:; '~a,iic?sc ' . - 2. Wei i s a ,~errit :ve 112t.d v i ; , i nrorier Sases. Its use .-- c o r r e s p o n d s to t h a t s f !:3 . E'nr c)x~~L':!Ic, - -

?!a v a l e ni k u r c - -- -- Na val-e n e i "cnx~i -- -- ---

A s with t h e o ther . r,cnssessi.rres, .C , l l r :~e ;.re special forms f o r e d i b l e and drlrilr, ,-,b f c o b j e c t s :

Na daio k e i Pi" ---. t, a --- IJa ~a ona ne l H u s i --A3 *---.- ~ --..-

Yne use o f t n e k- forms 4 s extendeci beyorld e d i b l e s t o r e f e r t;o qualities of' 3 17ei~)::or-i or object:

!>la -- kena baleba3 ::: ' : t:, n t ? a n i , l ~ ' k -

---- -- I Lena l e v ~ P i t : ; ( I ~ x F . ~ , .

' i f . --.------ - .- - .. - ?la i t u k u t u k u I:.;..i. :.';;.la ' + L

---_-. ..- -.-. - --.-- bile rrcr~s of' ( a b o u t ) Sn la t

For Ina l i enab le : ; , ti;ai Is, "t:.:~ forr;is that t a k e t h e . " sufFExei; ~oss r sss ives , : ; s rise4 :p~!li?n the possessor is -. n ame c :

A : Vaka-cava rla riornudou Iiow about your b o a t ? waqa?

I . : Na n e i t o u waqa na Our b o a t i s t h e f a s t e s t , b u t waqa t o t o l o duadua,3 t h e b o a t o f t h o s e two b r o t h e r s i a n a nodrau waqa can c a r r y a l o t of p a s s e n g e r s . g B n a v e i t a c i n i og5 e rawa n i vodo k i n a e l e v u n a t a m a t a .

Is t h a t r i g h t ?

D : Lako ma1 m e ' u vaka- Come a l o n g s o t h a t I can show r a i t n k a v e i i k o you how f a s t o u r b o a t i s . na kcna t o t o l o nn n e i t o u xaqa.

A : S a v i n a k a . O . K .

11, R e p e t i t i o n .

Na noqu v a l e e l e v u cake nini na SGXU vale . Ma nodrau waqa e t o t o l o cake r;iai na waqa n c i Saimone. Na noqu vraqa e l e v u c&e na kena i usanti ma? n a nona waqa. E b a l a v u cake n a t a e l q u c i a 1 v e i i k o .

Na nomu v a l e e sepa. n i l e v u m e vakz n a noqu. Ma waqa n c i Saimonc e s e g a n i t o t o l o me vak5 na nodrau

waqa n a v e i t a c i n i o y Z . Na nona waqa. e sega n i l e v u n a kena i usana m e v a k m n a noqu. O i k o o s e z a n i baPavu Tie vak5 n e t a c l a u .

S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Sen tence

,<a n o s v a l e e l e v u cake m a i n z nomu v a l e .

nodrau ne imami

>Jn nona v a l e e l e v u cake m a i n a nsmu va le .

3. Duadua i s one way of showinc comparison, I t means 'most , b e s t 1 .

n e i r a u . nodra n o d r a t ou n e i t ou

Cue F

noqu

n o d a t ou n e i r a u nomudou nodaru ne i m a m i nomudrau noda n e i t o u nornunr

v i n a k a s a v a s a v z c a g i n a t o t o k a loma l e v u

k a t a k a t a sisz 0 8 0 0 S O

S e n t e n c e

Na nona v a l e e l e v u cake rnai na nomu v a l e . --

Na nona va le e l e v ~ cake rnai na noqu v a l e .

S e n t e n c e -

l?a noqu waqa e t o t o l o cake rnai -- n a nomu waqa,

?!a noqu waqa e l e v u cake m a i n a nomu waqa,

1 . .

S e n t e n c e

Ha nodrau v a l e e s e g a n i l e v u - nc vaka n a v a l e n e i Samu.

Na nodrau v a l e e sega ni cere me vaka na v a l e n e i Samu.

t usu makawa

S e n t e n c e -- Na kena u t o e d r e u cake mai n a

kcmu. --

kedra-kequ kemudrau-keirau kequ-kernuni keda-kenn keda tou-kedra t ou kexudou-kei tou keirnami-kedrau kemuni -keirnami kedaru-ke d r a t ou

Cue --

qase b a l a v u kaukauwa y a l o v i n a k a rn&?Sdua v i n a k a l e v u l e v u t o t o l o qaseqase rn-m5qE

Cue

Na k e n u uto e d r e u cake rnai n a kena.

* . *

E l e v u cake o Koya m 2 . i v e i i k o . ---

E qase cake o koya mai v e i i k o . . * .

Sentence .---.-----

E I s i l a i s o b ~ n a t inamu mai v e i -- t i n a q u .

9 gone sobu n a t inamu mai v e i t i n a q u ,

be rabe ra c a

IIIh. Variable S l o t .

Cue - Sentence

b a l a v u

nona-neimami

y anuy anu

i k a

kana v inaka

kequ-kedra

kgkana

l e v u

ko ro

yawa

nodrau-nona

i t e i t e i

b u l a b u l a

Na nomu waqa e t o t o l o cake mai n a nodra waqa.

Na nomu waqa e b a l a v u cake rnai na nodra waqa.

Na nona waqa e b a l a v u cake rnai na nefmami waqa.

Na nona yanuyanu e ba l avu cake rnai n a neimami yanuyanu. .

Na kena i k a e b a l a v u cake mai n a keirnami i k a .

Na kena i k a e kana v inaka cake rnai n a keimami i k a .

Na kequ i k a e kana v inaka cake rnai n a kedra i k a .

Na kequ k5kana e kana v inaka cake mai ked ra kakana.

Na kequ kgkana e levu cake mai n a k e d r a kakana.

Na noqu k o r s e l e v u cake rnai n a nodra koro .

Na noqu ko ro e yawa cake rnai n a nod ra koro .

Na nodrau koro e yawa cake mai n a nona koro .

Na nodrau i t e i t e i e yawa cake rnai na nona i t e i t e i .

Na nodrau i t e i t e i e b u l a b u l a cake ma1 na nona 2 t e i t e i .

I V . R e p e t i t i o n .

E l e v u n a nodrau koro ka l a i l a i n a nomudrau koro . 4 E yawa na noqu yanuyanu k a vu leka na nomu yanuyanu. E savasavZ n a nomu koro k a duka n a nodrau koro . E c a g i n a v inaka na nomudou v a l e ka k a t a k a t a n a n e i t o u v a l e . E t o t o l o n a nodra waqa k a b e r a b e r a ria noda waqa.

4. J u x t a p o s i t i o n of two i t ems i s one way o f showing corn- p a r i s o n between them. A sentence of the t y p e , A i s good and B i s bad, can be t r a n s l a t e d , A i s b e t t e r t h a n B.

E kana .vPl?a;ha nL kkeriufii d a l o ka kana c; ns keir:,~~rni d a l o . E gone y a l o m8lua na luvemu k a gone y a l o kaukauwa na l u v e n a . E hatabat2 na nonunf vanua ka katakata n a noqu vanua.

V. S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue "-

Sentence

E l e v u ria n o d r a t o u k o r o k a l a i l a i n a nomudou koro .

duka-s avas avE cagina v inaka-kat akat s s uasua-rnGnaca osooso-qa la la d r a k i v inaka -daak i c Z batabht5-]cat akata raw arata:e-drGdr5 raba-qiq6 b a l avu - l eka l eka

VI. R e p e t i t i o n .

E v6leka na n o d r a t o u k o r o k a yawa n a nomudou koro .

. I *

E dua na waqa t o t c l o . E dua na waqa t o t o i o na nona waqa. E dua na waqct t o t o l o na nona waqa o TTrnoci. E dua n a waqa t o t o l o na waqa n e i TImoei. E dua. n a waqa t o t o l o na nodrau waqa a Trrnoci k e i MZrika.

E kana v inaka n a tavTc\lca, E kana v i n a k a na kena t z u i o k a . E kana vfnaka na kena, t ~ ~ v i o k a o Samu, E kana v fnaka na t a v l o k a kcl . San~u, E kana v inaka n a kedrau t a v l o k a o Samu k e i Jone .

VIc . E gunu v inaka na wai ni rrioli. E gunu vfnaka n a mena wai n i x o l i . E gunu v inaka n a mena wai n l moZi o Tomu. E gunu v inaka na wai n i moli met Tomu. % gunu v inaka na medrau wai n i moli o Tomu kei Vi l i ame .

Au s e g a ni k i l a n a icena macala, E scga nf macala na kena dodonu. Na cava na kena cg? E v i c a n a kena balavu? Na i b u l i b u l i keb Samu e vak8-taki tamana S a r a g B .

V I I . S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue - Sentence ----

E savasavs n a no?rau va l e . ----- v a l e nef Iriere E s a v a s a v z na vale n e i Mere, nodrau v a l e o Sanu kei . a a

T T i f , ~ c i nornu.drau vale kei ivlZrika n e i r a u vale nodra.l;ou vale o ratoou o

Sone , Samu, k e i I::iir-iXa v a l e ni kana nodrau waqa n a cauraveu nodsau waqa n a c a u r a v o u o

Samu k e i Jone

f u e - Sentence

OqZ na tawako k e i M b o a ,

n a k e d r a t o u t a v a k o 3q5 na k e d r a t o u tavako. na mena rourou * . . n a r o u r o u me% Mere n a t z v a k o k e i t i n a q u na nodrau v a l e na v c i t a c i n i

o Jone k e i Samu ria kena t avako c MSnaa n a rourou mei tmiiamu n a t a v a k o n i t a r a va le na vanua ni t e i t e i n e i

t ackna

VIIe . . V a r i a b l e s l o t .

OyB na noqu vanua.

n i t e i t e i n s n a o Saimone

n e i Sairnone

vuaka naq o medrau o P i t a k e i TImoci

o t a c i q u mei t acdqu rnad~al vanua nodratotz o J o n e , IdZrika, k c i Samu

OyZ na noqu vanua n i t e i t e i . OyZ n a nana vanua n i t e i t e i . OyZ n a nona vanua n i t e i t e i o

S stmone . Oya na vanua n i t e i t e i n e i

S airnone . OyZ na vuaka kef Sairnone. Gya n a maqo mei Saimone. Oyg no. n~edrau maqo. Oyg n a nledrau :naqo o P i t a k e i

TI!rloci* 0y5 na mena maqo o t a c i q u . OyE n a maqo rnei t a c i q u , ~ y l nrr ~ a d r a i . k e i t a c i q u . OyZ n a vanlra n e i t a c i q u . OyZ na ~ c r d r a t o u varsua. OyZ n a n o 2 r a t o u vanua o r a t o u

o Jone, Mlarika, kc1 S m u .

V I I I . Ta lanoa .

K O V i t i e wase v a k a - t i n i Xs v:. Na f wasewase oq5 e

yacznz n a yasana . E s5 na yasana e l e v u cake rnai na s 6

t a l e na y a s a n a ; me vakataka na Yasana ko B 5 e l c v u cake

mai n a Yasana ko Rewa. Na i L i u l i u nl Yaszna n a Roko

T u i s e Roko. E wasewase vaka-lalai n a yasana; e traka-tau

e na l e v u nf yasana , ka yacana n a i wasewase oqG n a t i k i n a .

r a u t a e v a na t i k i n a e na dua na yasana . Na l e v u n i k o r s

e n a dua n a t i k i n a e sega n i t a u t a u v a t a ; n a T i k i n a ko Bau

e l evu cake na k o r o e t i k o kina rnai n a T i k i n a ko Wainibuka,

e d ina ga n i l evu cake n a i y a l a y a l a n i vanua n i T i k i n a ko

Wainibuka mai n a T f k i n a ko 8 a u . E l i u t a k a n a k o r o n a

t u r u g a n i koro , E s6 n a k o r o e l e v u cake mai n a s5 t a l e

na koso: ka a u i d u i ria Zcvu 3% tamata e r a d u i t i k c i klfia. ,

Q u e s t i o n s ,

E v i c a na l e v u taucoko nl jrasana e Viti? Na cava e l e v u na y a s a n a se na t i k i n a ? E l a i l a i sobu r ~ a Yasana o A2 ma2 na Yasana o Rewa? !I c e l na i L i s l l u r a t Yasana? l\la t i k i n a eava e i e v u n a I w i l i w i l i nl k o r o e t i k c

k i n a n a T l k f n a o Dau se na T i k i n a o Wainibuka? G c c i na B u l l , E vaka-eve2 e dau vaka- t au na I w i E i w i l i n i t a rna ta e

t i k o e n a dua n a t l k i n a mai n a Ievu n i t i k i n a ? E i L i u l i u nl T i k i n a na Turai~a n i koro? Na cava e l evu citxadtia n a yasana, n a t i k i n a se n a k o r a ? E r au ta e v i c a na r i k l n a e na dnh na yasana?

b e r a b e s a b t i l a k u l a buiibuli, I cake

cepe drGdrg duf d u i duka leva3.e vu l i u l l u , 2 lorna. l e v u rnalurnalumu rn"a5qI q a s e q a s c

(3% f4"o rab a r2w araw a Rewa Roko, Roko Tui se s obu

t a u t a u v a t a t o t oka

t uru

s i u w h e s f t h y h u l f t , for*m as a p a r t i c l e a f t e r t h e base,

ur;ei3 "11.1 c o ~ p a r i n g : 'more t h a n , ;:mather t h a n '

r~ i gh di ffii cult, h a r d different d i r t y s t o u t , f a t a l e a d e r , a eornn&?der; ' p r e c e d e 1 s p a c i c u s weak s t i n g y ( I) d w a r f i s h , small f o r one ' s age ( 2 ) o i d , cunn ing , d e c e i t fat1

nayrow ! I ) w3dc (2) t h i c k easy t h e name o f a province a d m i n i s t r a t i v e head of a provZnce whc t he r , o r i li down, downwards, as v . ,

descend, come down, go a s h o r e from a. canoe

a d r n i n f s t r a t i v e d i v i s i o n o f a p r o v i n c e

e q u a l , even, l e v e l , similar p r e t t y , handsome, dashing,

p leasan t ; drip, d r o p ( l i q u i d s )

vaka-taka vaka- t zu vaka- t auc auvnta v e i t a c l n t

c a rgo2 iohd br=faci,l"ruit; I n little b i t s , p i l ; raT form of

vaka-? ai 2ai reGnb1e, kt? like d e ~ e q d i n d on eqha;iy with, by comparison ( i ) s i b i i n g s ( 2 ! c h i l d r e n whose

f 'h thers are s f b lings chi l a r e n whgsse mothers are s i b i i n g s

f o u r t e e n times d i v j 3 e . i wasewase ' d f v f s i o n i genLXe - h c r r t e d ; y a l o ' s p l r i t ,

s ; \ ~ i & l u a .- ' qer i t l y , s low l:? '

A 3 ka t i n 1 k a t o l u ni l g s o n i

1. Dialogue.

: O c e i e lakca t G oy8? Who is going o v e r t h e r e ?

B : E v e l , o koya c Lako Where, t h e one t h a t ' s going on t i k a oy8 e yasa ni t h e s i d e of' t h e church? vale nl latu?

A : 0 koya e lit; t i k c ixal". The one t h a t ' s i n iqront o f t h e ve t rau, sega ni o two, :?ut t h e one f o l l o w i n g koya e m u r i t i k n b e h i n d . ma2,

3: Oi, k a y a e t a u r a . Ci2r.o Oh, t h e one that's c a r r y i n g t h e na i s e l e , Oyg o h i r e . That 9 Aviui a. k ~ r i u t a ,

A : E ra i ra i e sS Zesu tic must have come back a l r e a d y beka mat Lautaks . from Laut oka .

F i j i a n d i r e c t i o n a l s f a i l i n t o severa l d i f f e r e n t c l a s s e s :

1. Some d i r e c t i o n a l s a p e r a t e l i k e bases, i n t h a t t h e y o c c u r a f t e r d i r e e t f s n a l z a r k e r s . Note the s i m i l a r i t y o f p a t t e r n i n g i n t h e f o 2 i o ~ , i n e :

E a Tako ki Suva -- 'He went t o Suva. ' E a l ako ki v c i --- 'Where d i d he ,go?' E a l ako ki r a 'He went dawn. ' E a Lalro k i E x e 5 *

P.,

!e xent up. ' 2 . The members o f a c t h e r c l a s s are ~ l a t e d t o f i r s t ,

second , and t h i r d ::nrt7m p-oneuns, i n t h e sense t h a t t hey r e f e r t o places neass e a c r ~ of these pepsons. E g , 02 'by met ; oqor i 'by you" 0 3 5 -& i s s i n i i l a r t o k F b u t t he former -2 can m e n o s e with respect to tine, as w e l l as p l a c e .

11. Direc t fona ls ( o r l o c a t i v e s ) used with markers e, k-nd -> ma9,

a. R e p e t i t i o n .

140 b i u t a t; e kE na nomu Leave your luggage h e r e . i yZyZ*

;" L , e kE- S t a n d he re . E 2. y a l i c kE na noqu kX. My key was l o s t h e r e . O c e i e t i k o e kG? Who" sin here? Lako t a n l mai c kg. Go away from here.

I I b .

Cue -

lake t o s o b l u t a s o l i a tolc i a

S u b s t i t u t i o n .

I f c , R e p e t i t i o n .

140 b i u t a t b e kepi na rlomu i yZy5.

Ti e keri, E 5 y a Z i e k e r l n a coqu kI .

0 c e i e tZko e ke rE i? Lako taxi ma1 e k e r i .

Cue -

Pal.: o toso biut a solia t o k i a

XIe . R e p e t i t i o n .

140 biuta t t e k e y a n a - - nornu f yaya.

Sentence

Leave your luggage t h e r e .

S t a n d there. My key was lost t h e r e .

Who's i n t h e r e ? Go away from t h e r e ,

Sen tence

C f c i yani i k e r i ,

i a k u yan i i keri. * * .

Leave y o u r luggage t h e r e .

T5 e k e y s , S t a n d these . E E y a 2 i e keya na noqu 1743 key was l o s i; tilere ,

kT. 0 c e i e t i k o e keyz? Who's i n t h e r e ? Lako t a n f mai e key5. Go away from t h e T e .

TIf. S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue ----

lake t o s o b i u t a self a t o k i a

Sen tence

Lako y a n i i keyii. *

I I g . R e p e t i t i o n .

K a u t a mai k i loma na i3rinc y o u r luggage i n s i d e , nomu i ylayZ.

Ra ica mada e loma nf i c o k for i t i n s i d e , v a l e .

Na cava o i? l a ' k i Winat d i d you go and do i n s i d e ? cakava e loma?

Lako nai loma. Come i n s i d e . WZwS t f k o e l ama. Wait i n s i d e . Curu k i loma. Z n t e r . K a u t a mai t u b a na nomu BrZns your luggage o u t s i d e .

1 :yziyii. ~ a i c a mada e t u b a . Look f o r i t o u t s i d e . Na cava o Z. latki eakava l a a t d i d you go and do o u t s i d e ?

e t u b a ? Lako mai t uba . Cone o u t s i d e . WZwZ t i k o e t u b a . +viait ou t s ide .

ILh. Q u e s t i o n and answer.

Q u e s t i o n Cue - Answer

E v e i na t&oa? loma ni E t i k o e loma ni v a l e . E v e i o tinamu? t u b a E t i k o e t uba . 0 l ako i v e i ? t u b a Au l a k o i tuba . E r a t o u moce loma n i rumu E loma n i rurnu.

t i k o e ve i? 0 Z k a u t a i v e i loma nf Au a b i u t a e loma n i

n a i yByZ? kzva t e k z v a t e .

Melu kana e v e i ? lama n i vale E v e i ria gone? tabs MeTu l a k o f v e t ? 5uba Me ' u vaka-s a q a r a loma n i vale

e v e i ? Me b vvka-s aqarE t u b a

e v e i ? Me Ou k a u t a i v e i ? loma ni v a l e

Melu k a u t a i v e i ? t u b a

;Carla e Icma n i v a l e . E t i k o e tuba. Lako i t u b a . Vaka-saqara e Zoma n i

v a l e . Vaka-saqara e t u b a .

Kauta mai i lorna n l v a l e .

Kauta yan i i t uba .

TIi. R e p e t i t i o n .

B i u t a na c i n a e ( n a ) deLa ni t E v e l l . Ma cava o cakava t i k o e ( n a ) d e l a ni va l e? Au 3% b i u t a t i k o na k 1 e Cna) de la ni kGvate, Vaka-ra lca e ( n a ) d e l a ni cakau. Sanlaka mada n a d e l a ni waqa.

B i u t a na e i n a e ( n a ) ruKu ni t E v e l i . Na cava o cakava t i k ~ e i n a ) r u k u ni v a l e ? Au s i i b f u t a t i k o na, k i e (na) r u k ~ t ni kzva t e . Vaka-raica. e ( n a ) ruku ni eakau. Samaka mada n a ruku i l l waqa,

IIj . Cumulative d ~ 2 1 1 . Cues @ven b y i n s t s u c t o r : motions and picture or, blacirboasd.

Ques t ion Answer -- Sg t i k o e v e i o koya? SZi t i k o -- e lama ni v a l e o koya.

c kE e k e p i e keg e ruku !?i v a l e e t u b a e deLa n l v a l e

SZ c i c i k i v e i o TFmas.l? 35. l ako mai v e i o k s y a ?

IZk. R e p e t i t i o n .

Kabata mada k i cake e dua na niu.

Laveta mai e cake n a y avamu .

DaDe e cake. Vssa mai e cake. S o l i a mai k i rZ e s5

n a niu o q o r i .

Cllmb up f o r a coconut (please).

Lift y o u r f o o t up.

S l t on top. ( S i t down on a chair.) Speak up. Pass some of t h o s e coconuts down.

B i u t a e r5 n a nomu k a t o . P l a c e your b a s k e t undernea th . Dabe e r2. Sit down, Vosa e r Z . D o n r t speak s o Loud. Toso mai k i rE. Move down t o t h e bottom.

1x1. R e p e t i t i o n .

Kauta rnai k i l i u n a nomu i y a ~ z ,

Kauta rnai e l i u n a nomu i yzyz.

Dau r a i ki l i u n i o d r a i v a .

Dau r a i e k i u n i bera n i o d r a i v a .

Me r a l a k o rnai k i l i u na gone.

Me r a l a k o rnai e l i u n a gone.

Mo qai k a u t a maf k i muri n a nomu I yEyS, n i o t i o q o r i .

Mo q a i k a u t a mab E m u r i na nomu i yZy5, n i at1 o q o r i .

Cakacaka e l i u q a i saurnl e rnuri.

Dau ra i t i k o gg e l i u , kakua n i rai ki muri.

Me ra l a k o rnai k i muri n a gone,

Me r E q a i l a k o rnai e muri n a gone.

B r i n g your luggage up t o t h e f r o n t .

B r i n g your luggage first.

Always look (straight) ahead when you d r i v e .

Always l o o k first b e f o r e you d r i v e .

Let t h e c h i l d r e n come up i n . f r o n t .

L e t t h e c h i l d r e n come o v e r f i rs t .

Then b r i n g your luggage tc t h e back a f t e r t h a t ,

Then b r i n g your luggage l a t e r , a f t c r t h a t ,

Work f i rs t , t h e n pay l a t e r .

Always look forward; n e v e r look back.

Let t h e c h i l d r e n come t o t h e back .

Then l e t t h e c h i l d r e n come o v e r l a t e r .

111. D i r e c t i o n a l s krl.t;hout p reced ing p a r t i c l e s .

a. R e p e t i t i o n . Eev92w of t h e p e r s o n a l d i r e c t i o n a l s oq6, oqorl. ; and oyz.

0 cef na nona i y a y 5 oqa? Whose luggage i s t h i s ? Kaut a oqo vuZ, T a k e t h i s t o him, Na cava oqo? Xilat ; s t h i s ? OqZ n a noqu no to , mh L A L S .. i s nry s p e a r . 0 c e i e s o l i a oqo v e l iko? Who cave t h i s t o you?

0 c e i n a nona i yay2 Whose luggage i s t h a t ? oqos i?

Kauta o q o r i vuZ. Take t h a t t o him. Na cava o q o r i ? What's t h a t ? Oqori n a nomu moto. That Is your s p e a r . 0 cei e s o l i a oqori v e i Who gave t h a t t o you?

i k o ?

0 c e i na ncrna i yl lyZ o y ~ ? W ~ U S C ? lusc;age i s t h a t ? Kauta oyii vu5. Take t h a t t o him. Na cava og&2 What ' s t h a t ? Oya na nona rnoto. That Is h i s s p e a r . O ceP e s o l i a oy5 ve i Who ga.ve t h a t t o h i m ?

koya?

IXIb , Variable S l o t .

t ~ v a k o yaqona o q o r i mot c i scLe oqz oy . I I S c . R e p e t i t i o n .

Lako rnai v e i au. 0 c e i e B kauta na i ? S o l f a gB rnai e dua. 0 Lako rnai ve i ? V a k a - t o t o l o mai vuZ,

Lako y a n i vu3, 0 c e i e 3 kakta y a n i ? S o i i a g3 yani e dua , 0 B laka yani vaka-eava? Vaka-totas1.u yani vuZ.

Lako t m i . l 0 c e i e % k a u t a % m i ? Lako t a n i nai vu8. Lako t a n i y a n l vuz. Vaka-totoPo t an2 ,

Sentence

0 c e i n a nana f y5yZ P*?

O c e i na kena t a v a k c oqc? O c e i na nena yaaona oqo? O e e l ria raena yaqona oqori? O c e i na nana moto c q o r l ? 0 c c i na ncna i se le o q o r i ? 0 CPI n a nona 9 sele oqb? O e e l na nona i se le oyZ?

Come cver to me, Fho b r o u g h t i t over? G Eve ae one only. i" anere do you come from? Come over q u i ~ k l y t o him.

Go o v e r t~ him. Who b : * ~ t ~ g h t i t o v e r ( t h e r e ) ? Give one only. Iimr did you come over? Go G v e r q u i c k l y to him.

Go aw a:vr . Who t o o k it away? Ca s w a y f rom him. Go avlsy t o h i m . GO away quick1.y.

1. klthougtl b o t h y m i and 1;an.l r e f e r t o d i r e c t i o n away from the speaker , - t a n i i s less s p e c i f i c as t o p l a c e .

3 1 I d . Ou~uXative d r i l l s ,

1. Simple S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue --

k e y 3 cake ve i. l l u t u b a rnuri

loma keytr d e l a n a k e r f cake

2 , Expansion,

rnai t a n i vaka- to to lo k e y 2 s a r a

Sentence - E t i k o m a i Suva o koya.

E t i k o nai keg% o koya . E t i k o n:af cake o koya . . * .

Laka k i loma. Laks ki k e y z , 0 . I

L ako rsai , Lako tani ma1 . Laka t n n f ma1 vaka- to to2o. Lako t a n i ma1 k e y 3 vaka-cota io . Lako t a n 1 sara m;i k e y g -$aka-

td? to ro* Lako t a n i S a r a a a i k e y % vaka-

t a t o l o kk k e . 140 lakca tmi sasa nzai k e y 3 vakz-

t o t o l o ki k & .

1. Some worAds aDpear in the f o l l o w i n g d r i l l s t h a t have n o t occur red i n She preceding e x e r c i s e s . They re fe r t o d i r e c t i o n s , b u t are less l i k e p a r t i c l e s and rnore like l e x i - c a l i t e m s . T h e l i s t i s open-ended and i n c l u d e s t h e F i J i a n terms f o r "leftq, ' r i g h t T , compass d i r e c t i o n s , e t c . The s t u d e n t nay e l i c i t such new vocabulary a s needed.

o q o r i v e i Samu y an2 e dua

na t avako

kauta, crzl.

v e i au

3. Var i ab l e S l o t .

Cue ---

na moto key5 y a n i 0c;G v e i r a u n a pzke t e t avako

C i c i v a k a .

C ic ivaka oqorf . CSeivaka o q o r i v c i S m u . Clc ivaka yan i o q ~ r i v e i Samu. Cic ivaka yani e dua oqor i v e i

Samu . Cic lvaka y a n i e dua n a k8 oqori

vef Sm.u.

Raica e vale.

Ralca e luma n i vale, Raf ca e 30ma ni vale e na d e l a

n i tCvelZ. Raica E loma n i vale e rra dela

n i t z v e l i na t avaka . Kevakg o r a i ca e lama n% vale

e n a d e l a ni t B v e l i na t avako . KevakE o r a i c a e l ~ m a ni vale

e na deJa n i t z v e l i na t avako , k n u t a rnai .

?.ETx~Z' Q ra lca e loma ni v a l e e na d e l a ni &GveEf n a t avako , k a u t a ma% v e i au .

Sen tence - Kauta mai e dua o q o r i k i tuba.

Kauta mai e dua o q o r i k i rZi. C ic ivaka m s i e dua o q o r i k t rB. Cic ivaka mai e dua oqori k i wai. C i c i v a k a mai e dua o q o r i ki kE. Cf c i v a k a mai na mozo o q o r i ki kS. Ciclwaka nai na moto oqor i k i k e y z . Cic ivaka y a n i n a moto oqori ki keyZ. Clc ivaka y a n i n a moto oq5 k i keyz. Ctc l vaka yani na mot0 oqb v e i rau . Cic iYfaka yan i na pEkete t avako

oq5 vvei rau.

3b

Cue ---

de la n i t eve l i

b i u t a

kena v6

ke" s o l l a k i l3.u mot0 y ani

Cue -

t a b u a

I V . Q u e s t i o n s .

Q u e s t i o n - C uu -- Me'u b i u t a e v e i e loma

n a nomu 3. yZyZ?

Sentence

Vaka-raf c a mada yarii e loma ni vale na kI.

Vaka-ra lca mada y a n i e d e l a n i t gve l i n a kX.

Vaka-ra ica mada yani e d e l a n i tEveLi na i l a v o ,

B i u t a mada yani e dela n i t F v e l i n a i l a v o .

B i u t a mada mal e dcLa ni tPve3f na i l a v o .

2iuta mada ma1 e dela ni t E v e l i na icena v5.

B i u t a x~ada rnai e kE na kena v5. Solia mada mai e k g na kena vG, $SolSa mada rnai k i I i u na kena v5. S o l i a mada mai k i I l u na moto, Soi . ia mada y a n i ki l i u ria rnota.

Sentence

Biuta na c l n a e na ruku ni t P v e l i .

bluta na c i n a e n a dela n i t E v e l i . Bfuta na clna. e na i e l a ni kcva te . 31utc t na kaluko e na d e l a ni

k5vate. 3 l u t a na k a l o k o e na loma ni

k?jv>at e , S i u t a na k a l o k o e n & ioma ni v a l e . &3luta na ka loko e n a lama ni kato . : i a ro roya r,a k a l o k o c na loma ni

7 r r, h a t o . 1;:ascroya n a t a b u a e n a lama n i

Ir at;(>, I:x~-.aroya ria tabua e na Soto ni.

kato. Vunia n a t a b u a e na b o t o n i ka$o.

Response

No b i u t a e loma n a noqu i y z y z .

E wzraki au tiks e t u b 2 e v e i o koya?

E v e i na noqu i ' oyZ y%$5?

E v c i n a noqu mata oqF I loiXe?

FleTil th e v e i ? e l i u

Na I k a cava o o q o r i v i n a k a t a?

Melu b i u t a e ve l? e kg

H a yac ~ a n a cava i l i t r m e g u tukuna vu5 me qara k i n a ?

0 5 b i u t a e v e i e r u k u ni n a c i n a ? t g v e l f

E dabe t P k a e v e i e n u r i o koya?

Mer u l a k o i v e i ? mai v e i a u

0 Z b l u t a e v e i e na dela ni n a noqu kZ? va ta

E v e i n a noqu 2. . oq5 v i u?

Me u k a u t a ki v e i k i cake n a k"aoq6?

Me'u dabe e v e l ? e rZ

E :rZraki ~ K O t f k u e t u b a.

Oq5 n a nomu mata i l o i l o .

140 tG e l i u .

)?a i k a o q o r i a u v i n a k a t a .

;+lo b i u t a e k c .

Tukuna vuz me qara 1. I l u .

- Au a Siuta na c i n a e

ruku ni t E v e l i .

2 &be tiko e muri o k o y a ,

Lako mal v e i au.

Au 5 O i u t a na nomu kX e na d e l a n i v a t a .

Oq6 na nornu i v i u .

Ksu ta ki cake na kZ o q o r i .

?-!a % a c i y ~ i ni vonu ---- -- "-

Eauta e lima s a g a v u l u ~ a k a - c a c a n a nZiile k i ns ceva k e i Suva, e ~ i r i k o t o k i n a na yanuyacu ko Kadavu. E n a yanuyanu ~ q o e 2 l k c k4na ns. ?:ore ko Mamuana. Na k o r o ko Nanluana e

, t o k a -rZTlctka sa ra e b s t i n& wal., E daku ni koro oq6, e t ska k i n a e dua n a cielar,a, T J i da 9;a e delana,, e rawa n i d a r a i vak3 21 na v u a l i k b s e k i na eeva .

k: n a d e l a n a gona oq6, sauta e d u a na d r a u lima sagavulu k i n a r u a na d s a ~ n a fiki nai d e l a n i xa3, e r a dau k a c i v a k i n a na vcnu o i ~ a na parama nl Nanuana. Ni ra s 5 ciau soqo e delanzl oqTj o Ira na rncrruna, e r a s Z qai inai vucu k o t o y a n i . Ni da r a i t:, era sG q a i vude yadudua cake mai k i de la n i wai ria voi?u.

Na k ~ e i v i 'iraka-oqZ ~ 1 % vanu e .3du caka t a l c gZ e na koro ko i'?acarnaki e n a ynnuyanlr ko Korc. Ns yanuyanu ko Kora e k o k Grt rr!a t o k a l a ~ l kc f Tr:9;i Lev11 r. na y a t u 1 .umaivl t l .

1, S a v u t a e dua ria i.ar?uyanu c dau 2acivS k i n a fia vonu.

2. E t i k c r v e i na ysnuyanu ka Kadavu?

4 0 cei e dau k a c i v a na vonu e n a k o r o ko Namuana?

5. E v i c a na nglle na yawa k e i Kadavu ma1 Suva?

6 . Na g a t u yanuyanu cava e w % l i k i n a o Kuro?

bat f

cake cFci-vaE:a

k 3 t 0 ke ri ke vak3 kI K Z ~ X V U kBvate maroro;,.r-L Nacamakj N amuarra ruk u

rurriu t a b u a t a n i t Eve li t o ~ a l a u t o s o

vaka-s aqara vale ni f o t u vat a v f u , f vb vonu v u a l i k u VUCU vude vuni -a

s h a r p erjge,, boa rde r ; b a t i nl wai 'river bank o r t h e sea c o a s t '

upwards , from above c S c i ' r u n t ; t r ans . cicivaka --

r r u n t o o r fop ' c i n a lamp o r t o r c h T ; c inava -

f i n d something w i t h a t o r c h t back of a person, o r t h i n g zbove. t o n o r s u r f a c e o f a n y t h i n g d r i v e ; d r i v e r ( ~ n g l . 1 glass, m S r r o r j b i l o iloilu

' d r i n k i n g g l a s s ? ; mata i l o i l o ' S ~ C C ~ ~ C ~ C S '

b a s k e t , box, t r u n k , s ; a % t c a s e there ! b y t he heare r ) if Icpy (ErAg3. * 1 island s o u t p l ~f Vlti Lcvu cu?board IY.2cgf. 1 k a k e care c f , keep v i 1 lapc rra:,ici

1,1 11 ag5 na:;bc sh :-cL+? i ~ r l ( : ~ ~ ) a tl-iltip; it I.s

#;sc 5 ~ 3 2 7 rqLZ;iz prepositions rsox ( h n g l . > %ht; whale's t o o t h d i f f e r e n t of a p l a c e ; e l s e ~ h e r e sab le (Ent;l. ) c a s t :love; trans, -. t o s c ? 'move an

o b j e c t t ; tosova 'nave close t o t as an auxlllary G r h , t5 --- i n p l i e s

stan6I.c:~ tn a p l a c e , being in the 72 i~er, c o n d i t t u n

cook t l h ~ r c ! ~ sl.:~; l f , l o f t ; , plat form umbre l la Jert over t u r t ; le ncr t,?~ chant CO::!~.: t~ t h e w a t e r ' s s u r f a c e vuni 'hide, c o n c e a l t ; t r a n s . --

V L : I I I ~ v ~ n i t a k a --- 3

isne a3 a t h e

Na cava na vu nf nomu v u l l c a na vosa Waka-vPti? Na cava o dau cakava e n a v e i s i q e Tabu? Na yanuyanu cava e t i k o k i n a o Suva? I\la gunu cave n a w m u yunu v i n a k a drszdua? Ra mztaqall. yaloya2.o cava o vinaka tz? Ha getlna cava e na. te"x.vu k i n a na v u l i ? Vaka-cava c k i l a , i koys v inaka? O k i l a vaka-cava niqu tiko e kG?

Ib.

Cue -

kana r a i rawa vo li gunu s o l 1 w i l t vo l a vE-2r au

Laka k i n a kd xoce

k a t a l a u k i n a l a k o k i n a kf v u l i vaka-si g a l e v u k i n a lesu maf k i n a k i vaie vaka-y akavi k i n a v u l i Ezsoni k i n a t e i t e f kina laka kina ki ria rnakete lako kina ki cakacaka

Sentence ---

- :$a, cava o a kan ia? -. :In csva o 2 r a t c a ?

1 . .

Na gauna eRva o dau yad ra kina?

I.ia gauna cava o dau l a k o k i n a k i moce?

Ha gauna cava o dau k a t a l a u k i n a ? . * a

E ~ 9 % boka na vaLe nf wai ni mate? 9 t l k o e v e i na nsEu va le? E s z t i k o e v e i na taclmu? 0 s5 c a k ~ c a k a t i k o e v e i n ikua? Z k a i v e i o koya? 8 5 kunea mad. ye9 na kaloko ~qori? E vaka-evei na l e v u k e i Suva? 5 vvaka-eve2 n a dedG n l vukrc ma% Suva k i NadP?

Cue - Sentence ".--

E ye: ~ I S nrE:,ice&e? --"- pasf tZ-it.si E v e l na p a c i t E v e s k ? i r5-E n l waqavu!ca 3; na 1 2-1 w ~ s a v u k a ? 'u aqe - a t e l a wavu s l t Z s e n i r i i o v i s ~ vale ni volavola ni- Kaunise la nl Merlka vale nl ka l raburzk2 vale ni y a l o y a l o

E vaira-evei na dedZ ni nornu sg k i k o v o l i e Suva? - ----

vuka ma1 Suva ki IJadS. E ~ a k a - e v e i na dedE ni vuka mai Suva k i Nadi?

nomu t l2:o e kE E valra-eve1 na dedE ni nomu kikc; e ke?

nomu cakaeaka e n a 2vfatanitu nomu ~ a d e v u l a i mauca norla t a a v i mate cakacaka oqz nomu t a 6 na va le s o k o k l Labssa riornu r,a t i!co m a 1 ttcr-il

to tcs lo

Suva

v t r k ~

vakh- e ava

IIonoi.i.iiu

de C;G

rt5

Xalcc!

o ki1G

k e y s

Sen tence

5 vaka-evei ria i t o v o n i soko rnai V i t f k i Ijardaii?

T- c vala--evei n a t o t o l a ni soko mal Viti k i Hawaii.

Z vaka-evei n a t o t o l o ni soko rnai 3 ~ v a k i hawail?

2, vakzt-eve% na t o t c l o ni vuka 1r:;il :,uva ki jimaii?

E v a ~ h - c a v a na t c z a l o ni vuka mat Cuva i t1 IlawalL?

E, vakra--cc-;rs na tuLt , lc ni ~ u k a ;!13i :;ciia k l I.~onc?lu.lu? -

i.; irakclr.-c&v,? raa pec,ie rii vuka - . .,ii .- ::iiva ki.. i i o n ~ l u l . ~ ? v,jKa-cava na dcdg ni vuka :ilsi is ,;i I lonoiu lu?

i, ~ ' i . k i I , - ~ a ~ r ~ n a dedG ni l&o cial KG k i : :onclul~t? -- "..

Cl kL l a n z Jcde nF laks mai ke ,-5 : i . y l ~ l u i u ? . - - -

j ,,:,a ns dec-e. ni l ako nai kg - t: I ke ; j 2"

E v f c a na vosa a k l l z ? E wica na t i t o b u ni u c i i ~ i a i oqo? O sz yabak i vita‘? E v i c a e sabra n i 2 . ~ ~ 9 n i r:z"c;aa? E lcwe v.I_ea v e i kenu:~ip e raw% nl. vtrkei au? S g vita Seka na kaltci;.:o? Na i KIZ v i z a ni s i r ? r,lx:i:i':' 'E., v i c a ria i e v u ni J arluyariu taucuicei nal V 5 t i ?

E v i c a n a kemu ba lavu? ---

nomu y a b a k i E v i c a na nomu y a b a k i ? i sau n i i t u P i k a oqG? E v i c a na i sau n i i t u i i k a oqz? t r t o b u ni uciwai oqo? . . . i vodovodc n i basi k9 Suva

lewe nf kora og6P dedg nf vuka ki L3.basa

mal. Nadi dedg ni soko mai Suva

k i Lautoka dedE ni nomu tiko e kE kena yaws ma1 Nadi ki

i:,clal ad1 S a i . 3 ~ ~ nZ, nomu b o t o

I I I e . Variable s l o t ,

Cue - Sentence -- E wica n& i lavo e doeonu m e T u

30i.i.9 v e l i k o ?

Z; aura

na i k a

mo

rawa

ni o

v e i ratou

v o l i a

v i c a nn i l avo c dodonu ne u s w l i a :naL vug? vf c a na i l a v o e dodonu me 'u t au ra nzl vug? V ~ C B riz I k a e dodanu met u t au ra n a l vuZ? vita na Pka e dodonu mo tarira r:ai vuZ? ~ i ~ a n a i k a e rawa mo taura zai VLI',? v l c a n a i k a e sawa ni o taura rnai vuZ? v i c a na i k a e rawa ni o t a u r a mai veS r a t o u ? v i c a n a 2 k a e rawa n l o v o l i a ma9 ve l ra tou? v i c a n a d a i o e rawa nf o v o l i a mal ve i ratou? Zevu n a aaao e raws nf, o v o l i a ~ a i 71ei r a t o u ?

XV. - C e l

Na vale n e i c e i oqo? Ma gwu mei cei oqo? Na jgina ke2 c e f ? 0 cef e gone duadua veZ kemudou? 0 rogoca v e i c e l na i t u k u t u k u oq3T 0 cef s a vaka-d"onuya na, nonirr lakc? 0 c e i beka e k3.l.E na vale n e i Jcnc? 0 c e i soti e na q l t o nP mataka?

IVb, S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue - Sentence

gunu j g i n a > aqona l u v e n a waqa d a l o ko lT t a v i o k a t amana wai n i m o l i t av ioka

O c e i na nona v a l e oqz?

0 c e i na mena gunu oqE? 0 c e i na kena j z ina oq6? . * .

- 0 c e i e s tarZ na nomu va l e? ------

k a u t a m a i oqo ki kg O c e l e 5 kauta n a i oq5 ki kg? vaka -vu l i c i i k o e na Q c c i c 5 vaka-vu2iei i k o e n a

vosa Vaka-vi t i vosa Vaka-v i t i ? t a l a i i k o ki na. s i t03 - A s

s o l i a v e i i k o na kg oq: mai r a i c i i k o t a rog i i k o va-kauta mai v e i i k o vaka-raitaka v e t I k o . l e s u mai Suva n ikua l a k o ki Suva n ikua

XIIc. Variable s l o t .

o q o r i

i vola

07 a k i n a

e v e i

oqo

Sentence ---

O ~ 6 3 % m e l i . t ica.uta vus nn i o l o o l o o q o r i ?

O c c i me k a u t a vua na i v a l a c3cl G rl ?

0 c ~ l n e ' u k a u t a vua n a i v o l a oy 51'

0 CGI m e f u U ~ i u t ~ i k i n a na i vola oya?

E ve i me'u k a u t a kina na f v o l a oy t?

E v e l m e l u kauta k i n a na i vola oq O?

b i u t a

kztc;

i c i -,r;.i.

. .. r, v e i z c 'u b i u t a k i n a na i vola

;I I' -- ,.:i T: ?

i .' ye', r r i e 7 u ?:;luta k i n a na k a t o

or; 5? . , Ti, 2 vc J- t r r i i i l ~ i b i u t a kTna na k a t o

ec; Z?

i.2 .., yj,,?-:"cn .: 3,:i;.:o k-j R:,' ?? *. ,- * 1 - t !*:,IC9. R 2 tlC:i!.i sj.,~?.:: ri-i. ;;i!cl~? . , - . - 1%. ri ai. 9 ;> <-J 21. p CJ.j" (2 2" *< 2i ;?. ;-: 5- a y . %

E nt5.ica na I I-:-:a ovio [ r i ~ f . ! - , : a ? 'I: b n : i j . c a d 8 , t t ~ ~ t ~ ~ l ~ k ~ ! < i ~ - ~ ~ - , 7 p - + .

?..: P-; s a!.;a? * e 2 nai.ca ::iefu nil y f i 1 ~ 1 ~ j ~ : i l r r i ~ ~ i k i n a ?

T, r, rlcs.lca, o ria t l jc:, Icjr,a S g v ~ ' E? rlaj..c::. :;z, x:>. ~ $ i k i : ; ; ~ r~::!, Z I C ~ P I L ~ c ~ ! : ; a ~ ~ , j c : : ~

Cue -

caka kina na base n s f c a e na czka kina na. bose? o t i kina ne nomi ,rZLcF 5 n a i c a e na oti k i n a r!a nomu gZidE? dola k i n a n c nonu vale n! v~lavola vou

yaco ;nai k i n 3 na :\

t a r a $ti kiaa !;a v a l ? caka k i n a D a tZor?g v , > Y ~ -

mau tek iv l : k f n s na v ~ l n i

LIcaLisrS: vuka iL];1a k i :;Ju S l l r 7 :

0 Starnu P caka k i r , a n a vei:"f;- c:l' ;-,A

do l a k i c a na bt-,sc:

Cue - r; n;llczb z sZ dodonu me or,i k i n a -we--- --

fia :""?La oqo?

C n a l z a e s 5 dodonu m e o t i k i n a na vale oqE?

raws

n i n a

0.y a

vaka-y a g a l a k i

va2.e ni v o l a v o l a

t u k u n i

E na,ica e s 3 rawa ne o t i k i n a n a vale oq??

E na ica e s5, rawa nl na ti k i n a rza vale oqTj?

E n a i c a e sB rawa ni na o t i k i n a na vale oyZ?

E na lca e sZ rawa n i na vaka- j a g a t a k i k i n a na v a l e oyz?

E n a i c a e sE rawa ni na vaka- y a g a t a k i k i n a n a vale n i v o l a v o l a oyZ?

E n a s i g a cava e s2. rawa ni na vzka-yagat*i k i n a n a va1.e rii v o l a v o l a oyZ?

E na s i g a cava e s5 rawa ni n e vaka-yagataki k i n a na va le n i v o l a v o i a vou?

E n e s iga cava e s5. rawa n i na doJa kLna na va le n i v o l a v o l n vcu?

2, na sige cava e sg t x c u n l ni na d v l a k i n a na vzie n i vola- vo l a vai;?

V I . Question i n t o n a t i o n .

The f o l l o w i n g arc g iven f f rst wizh statement i n t o n a t i o n :

E sega ni rauta o q o r i , 0 aii sega r,i l a k o , 0 b u l a v inaka . E ravta ni CI v a k a - t o t o l o mai . E l a k o kf Lautoka o koya . E t i k o e k c s Timoci. 0 k i l a i koya . 0 s Z l e a u mai, E Tawa n i f u vodo y m i . E l e v u n a uca mai Nadl ,

V I b . With q u s s t i a n i n t o n a t i o n ,

V I c , Given the sentence uith the statement i n t o n a t i o n , produce i t with a q u e s t 2 0 3 i n t o n a t i o n .

21. Au. 2 yaccx iylal tl x?a

XIia. T rhns i a t e I n t o E n g l i s h .

.- <a cava na vE ni n9nu vuliea ria V C S ~ Vaka-v i t i ?

."Ja yarluyznlx cava e t i k a K ~ E ~ ko Suva? 2 v e l na nona vale?

kai v e i 3 koga? O sZ y a b c k i v i c s ? 35 v i c a b ~ k a na ka;oko? I . - s n z f c a s n ,?a =t i i f l n a r;a ~:oriiu c a k a c a k ~ ? ", s- rial .;;a e na :I see' .?a1 kia:a rl-: 'vy3q3? - ;: r?, t a u v i ~&;ltc ~ 2 ' ~ ~ 2 - cizi9a t,, !'-- , \- j a '> E rr&p-~:vcj na. sf dE r i l n ~ : ~ . ~ i :i3 tS ko z kE?

?.-. , jnat $ s t 1 - j ~ Enir l j .sh ~ f i ~ ~ i P C I ~ v$j.c? l:J'hatfs tipiat? !ilJhere can I h;u:y soze c"?v~;i.~r.';",~'i? - j .

idhere h a v e ycju b t : , ~ : ~ ? Holv mwch is t j l i . 3 i jzpi r lq of' _ C ; i ~ k ; ? Iiow rcarry kids 2, :.icv. have? when l q i l l y3t; z~qt.>j.ry;?

1 s t ; - ! ~ ~ f F l ; f j - ..& d~~ '?

iIow 6 l d he 5;c?

Haw shall 1 cook y o u r f i s h ?

Kaunlse ln ??at z n i tz Okaladi Okosita Okotova o l o o l o , i. Qsiterelia lotela o v l s a - - r o r o , I Siga Tabu s i l i n i s i s i v e n i s i t g s e n i tab rt

bank ( Z n ~ l . ) S c s ( E n g l . ) two nigl i t s before June (Zngl. ) as In va1.e ni kakaburak i .--- "broad-

castdna h o u s e t ..., C o n s u l ( E n g l . ) g::jve rnn:~ent a u ~ ~ - ' i GI*L ,& d..d - 77

Aui.?us t ( IIngI, ) Cjci' oSc,n

of f i ce r* , Foiiceman (En@ . ) (1) rc~st, perch ( 2 ) a l and ing ground Sunday s h i l l i n g ( E n g l . s i x p e n c e ( E n g l . ) s t a t i o n ( E n g l . ) branch

t f t o b u

t avc , i

tu l , i t u k u t u k u , i vak a- d8nuy a vaka- i -c i l l vaka-vuliea vale ni vo l avo l a v e i d i g i d i g r vodovods, i vuka-ca

vfilagi waqavuka w avu

deep ( o f w a t e r ) , profound ( o f though t

custom, manner, h a b i t , disposition, q u a l i t y , character

s t r l l i g of r e p o r t , news, message approve accomodated t e a c h a pe rson something o f f i c e e l e c t i o n , b a l l o t fare f o r t r a v e l i n g vuka ' t o f l y ' ; t r a n s . vukaca -

' f l y o v e r t v i s i t o r a i rp lane wharf , bridge (Eng l . )

FI *?'I

A i k a t i n i K a lima n t l5sonS

(E, t l k q pronourls and a~ree rne r i t i l p l number; d i r e c t f o n a l s . )

A: Ila cava o s Z cakava What are you dcing? t i k a ?

%?;a, au tii g?i e Nathlng. f t m j u s t at home. vale .

O se nanuma t l k o ria Do you s t l . 1 1 remember what; we nodat% v e i n a k i ? a g x e d t o do?

10. E da'cou rka lake Yes. liJhat. tbme are wf? l e av ing? e n; v i c a na k a l o k a ?

r' 0 I Z o , o 2'irrlor:i vaca 'lau, , Imcci , ar,d 1 w i l l leave Z.e1 ztl, da%oc; u.9 txe re a"rnS ric . b l ~ ~ t p e kg e na GI:", .:L *

0 koya %: sa tt;. nai RZ;,, l i c f s st321 i n Ra, but he should e d o d ~ n u n c na l r tkn be eomirig back today . cake mai t ~ l . k z a .

I3 datot i n a l a k o E? waS. A r e we qoinl7; by sea o r hy land? :je E! van^:^?

C k e d a t o u na l i u e Three of u s who arc g c i n g fi.rst d a t ~ u n~ a u r f c w l l l go b y land. I t ' s no t vanua. E c:. ria v e r y good t o s a i l , s i n c e t h e soko ogc ni iiwa n c r t h d i n d i s b lowing . t i k o na vual-Lku-

1. rilkien t i k o occurs a f t c r a v e r b a l base , it operabes l i k s a function word. Rere, it i s a progressive. A s a base, it means ' s t a y , r e s i d e t . Tu RS a base means ' s t a n d t .

The distinction between - tikoynnd tii is n o t c l e a r - c u t , but the former is usually nose e x n l i e E as t;o l o c a t i o n .

Ti7 - a. .iu and t;.i.j2:o as s base . -- ,. ---" r - f u m3daa 3tznnd. (now, f o r the t i m e being,

'I once)

~ i k o r n ~ d a , . S t a y . ( e x c u s e m e , see you l a t e r )

S t a n d here. S t a y here.

~ " i L u '- vaka-dua kua ni S t o p , d o n ' t nave" y avala.

TZko vaka-dua, k u a xi Stay hc?re, d o n ' t go a b o u t . ve i la lccyaki .

O t c e v e i mai i.ionolblu? :;liieresbouts i r ; 2o i lo lu l t : are .gou? O tikc; e vert 3a3. k i o n ~ i z l s ? Nhere tlsr yoi: 2.n iionol:~-j,u?

i aa re e x a c t l y ) a t what; n l a c e ?

Tu valca- t zlcaaic . Stand U? ].Lice a man. Tfko vak;~-tegane. 3a.4.d when all , t h e wo;,ien k t,ne

f n x i l y are d u t and t h e inen ?lave tc s u b s c l t u t : ? to dc the dti t .3 .e~.

I . TG m d t i k o s f t e r tce b h s c , - - E lako t6 ki Lautoka o 7 w tcent; -La Lautoka ( u u t h a s n ' t

k o y a . PCT, UIVPIGC) . E za I.ako t i k o k I Lautoka Ze wL11 be go ing t o Laxtalra.

o koya.

Au na l a k u t a l e t u gz c) I'll b e going a long t o o i j u s t ail. to accf;lrrpany t h e ~ r o u p with

- no zsstenment t o d o ) . Au na, l a k o t a l e t i k o za o 1'11 be !?oirig a long (to h e l p

2u. w i t h the mission of t he trip).

Au na s o l i a tz v e i ; .3 x.;?. Itll ~ivc-? YOU rny boa"c;to nsqu waqa. l o s ~ a f t e r ) .

AU na 532ii3. t i k o ve t 113 i f j l tie g l v l n g you my 5 o a t (to na noqu waqa, L c ~ c : l ~ af tep) .

Na cava G a caicava t$ c i nhat I t i9d :jou do yestepday? nanoa? ( i i s k e d wlth doubt tha t he

was r ea l l y d a l n c a n y t h i n g . Na eava o a ca.kava tiko hhat were you doing y e s t e r d a y ?

e nanoa? ( D e P i ~ i t e l y a s k i n g what lc~e w2s doing. j

a a c d C C C

s iga le trtx

ke

s a b u

I viiv5

drsu

ni mataka

l z k o

:Ji o 1esu !mi e n a s igaLcvu k a u t a cake m a i na ncqu s o t e .

Ke o Lesu tnai e na s iga levu kauta cake mai na noqu s o t e .

Ke o lestl rnai c na s i g a l e v u kauta s o j u ma2 na naqu so te .

Ke a lesu rnai e na sigalevu kauta - - s o b u m a t n a noqu i vava.

Xe d r a u lesu mai e na sigalevu k a u t a sobu rnai na noqu i vzvz.

Ke drau lesu mai ni mataka k a u t a sobu m a i na noqu 3. vZvE.

Ke d rau l a k o mai n i mataka k a u t a sobu rnai na noqu i viiv5.

V1. Rege t l t fon waf - and vanua. --.--

E l a k o kl wai o k o y a . :3c i s ou t fishl.n;.;, Lako kl waf. Go i n t o t h e water. Lako mai ki wai. Come into the w8,tcr. Lako e wai. Go b y wate? or sea. N a nona koro e t S k o e wal, l i 2 s :rillage 5s by t h e sea.

E P a k 0 i vanua c kcyx.. Ee i s gone inland, Lako ki vanua. Go ashore. Get out o f t h e water. Laka mai ki vanua. Come to t h e sha re . Come o u t of

t h e water, Lako e vanua. Go by l and . Ha nona koro e t i k o G His v i l l a g e i s i n l a n d ,

vanua .

V I 9 . Variable s l o t .

Cue -

soko

ni lako

Sentence "- -- - E na swarawa kevaka a drau

mus i e wai . E ;aa t o t o l o kevaka a drau muri

e wa%. E na t o t o l o kevzka o drzu soko

e wai. E na totolo kevaka o dou sako

e wai, E na totolo n i o dou soko e wai. E na t o t o l o ni o dou lake e wai,

vinaka vanua ke dre drE t auk a l e

R e p e t i t i o n .

E na vinaka nii o dou lako e trai. E Ea vinaka nf o dou lako e vanua. E na vinaka kc o dou lako e vanua , E n a drEdr5 k e o dou lako e vanua. E na drEdrG ke o dou t a ~ b a l e e

vanua .

Draiva e na yasana i Drive on t h e right hand sf de . ~irat au .

E v e i na yasana i matau? Where i s the r i g h t hand sid.e? Na nona va l e e t i k o e na H i s ~ G U S ~ is on t h e r i g h t .

yasana i matau. Ni s a s i v i na wavu gale When you pass the b r i d g e t u r n

e na yasana i xatau. t o t h e ~ l g h t . E mavoa vaka-cava na Iiow was y o u r r i ~ h t !imd h u r t ?

Xigasnu i mat a u ?

Draiva e n a yasana :i rr.nl:;I. 1:rive on ?,he left hand s i d e . E ve i na yasana 1. maw?? ',;'here 1.s t h e i c f t hand s ide? Na nuna vale e t i k o c na Xiirs \ louse 2s on t h e l e f t .

y as ana i mawr . Ni sa s i v i na w 8 * ~ u gale :)he:? b t o ~ pcss t h e b r i d g e turn

i na i mawz. t c ) t h e l e f t . E rnavoa vaka-cava n:i How was y o u r l e f t k i n d h u r t ?

ligamu i m a w i ?

IX. Variable s l o t .

Cue Semtcnce - -- Ni o s i v i a na wavu gobe ki n a i

niat au . doncay a

koro

1 ak o

i maw?

y acova

drau

e

muri

! i i o Qrjnuya na wavu gore k i ria i iria+Yau.

Ni o donuya na koro gole kf na i m n t a u .

t i i o dcnuya na k o r o l&o k i na 1 rfiatau.

:!i danuga nn koro 1ako k i na 'r

i , ? t r Z W i . ,Fi i u yacovu na ~ O J ~ C ) l a k o ki na

i !lb:'u'I.

N 9 dr3u yacova n a k c r o lake kl n a i m a w i ,

G i drau yacova na koro l ako e na i matti.

Ni d r a u yacova na koro muri e na i m a w X .

u c i w a i

kos OV?.

1- ' '"1, drau yacova nr u c i w a i mur i

c fia i rnawr. Xi drau i:osava na cciwai mur i

e na i azwr.

X. Repetition. V u a l i k x - > --$ ceva t o k ~ l a u , and - r%

0 ?oturi?n e k o t o e na v a a l l k u k e i Vanua Levu.

!4o r a l ki na v u a l i k ~ , - !: dau ~ 3 y I katakzLe n?

c a g i vuaLiicu. Datou !flara.Ka me liifii8 y o

v u 3 i i . k ~ ~ G U q ~ i l a k o . E cauna v i n a k a ni siwa i -

l i : : d i ~ n s vua l i l cu .

O Vanua Levu e kn:o e rls

ceva k e i R0tw.a. Mo ra i ki na ceva . E d 3 u c a r i ba taSa t5 ?-it:

c a g i c l i w a xai ?:;I

ceva . 5atcu vreraka ne l i w 3 ri3

n!r?ta ni cag i ria C ~ V ~ Y tcu qai l ako .

G cauna - r i r , ska ni six;: k e k i w a n a ceva.

Xc.

- r, cabe na r na ta f i i s ir , -22 , < A

xlai na t a k a l r r t . E r a t u k u n a na qasi : t i

cagL b u l ~ ~ b u l a nz t : - r . ;

tokalau. KL na t o k a l a u k e i Vit' 12

k o t o Iclna na jrznuyafili ko T o ~ a .

Tsltzraka rile L l w a na c a ~ i t ~ k a 1 . a ~ t o t , qai s o k o ,

VZ-golea na waqa ::if?

donuya na mata ni c a q i na t ,oka2au .

Rotw;?g l i e s to t he n o r t h o f 'Jailuz ie vu.

I,osk d o ~ a r d the n o r t h . T h e ~ , ; i r ~ d tlaLat t313'~'s frcm t h e

nr,?th i s u s u a l l y h o t . L c t '3 waif till the n o r t h wind

h e i o s ~ ~ tki t2r t we g c . It is a qcod ti:nc f o r fishing

i f tkt- cart i - , wind b l o w s .

J~:.~J:I Leva lies t o t he s o u t h of i?:,:~rla.

1,o~i: Jieward the s c u t k . rrht-. ;.lirli3 that blows f'rorr the

sc)xt l~ is u s u a l l y c o l d .

Let's wait till t h e wouth x i n d b l o w s t h e n ICC i . 0 .

It is F~ prjod tire f o r f i s h i n g 1 f the S o u t h wf-nd. S lows .

Ti-!€: s u n r ises frog1 t h e e a s t .

;'i;c : g i ! l peop jc sag tha t t h e rs r -c . t liqir,:! is s ke&i",ny wind.

TI :,he c a s t of F i j i lies the ; s; lav i . i of Tonf:a.

Ijci",t;iJI the east wind blows Cncn we s a i l .

S t c e r the b o a t toward t h e e a s t .

Xd.

?i dromu ria mata n i siga The sun sets t o Chu w e s t . !cl nc? r B .

Era t u k u n a na qase ni The o l d p e o p l e s a y t h a t t h e c a q i ni t a u v i mate n a westerly wind b r i n g s sickness. c a i i 1 r;iX.

Xi ~a r3 k e i V i t i e To t h e w e s t o f F i j i i s s i t u a t e d c l r i l rota k i n a n a yanu- t n ~ i s l a n d of New C a l e d o n i a . yanu ko Niu Kaletania .

w i r a k a me !,iwa na cacfi. i 'Xalt t i l l the westerlies r3 t c u qa i l a k o . b l o w s t h e n we go.

VZ-golea na xaqa me S t e e r t he boat toward t h e west. donuya nn mats nl c ~ ~ i i. r3 .

XI, :Ia,riab ic slot,,

Cue --

cake

ce va v5- go l c a b ot o y a.ni vaka-dodonut aka

t i k o

XII. Q u e s t i o n s .

3 o k o t a k a vakadcdonu n a waqa k i n a t a k a l s u .

, ; c k o t a k s cake n;: waqa k l rLa L G L ~ i.E?\A.

S ~ k c t a k a cake na waqa k i na c e v a . VZ-golea cake n a xuqa I c i na ceva . Va-twlea cahc ria b o t o k i na ceva . VZ-,mlea y a n i na b ~ t o k i na c e v a . Vaka-dodoniitaka y a n i n a boto ki

na ceva. Vaka-dodonut a k a van2 n a b o t o

k i ns caci i rS. Vaka-dodonutaka sobu n a b o t o k i

na c a ~ i i r5. Vrtkzc-dodonutaka s o b u n a b o t o k i na v u a l i k u .

Vakz-dcdonutaka tiko na b o t o k i n a v u a l i k u .

Response - -.

?4e tu k e l e a e v c i na P cabbe e Kelea t o k a 2 cake e k e y 3 w aqa? > - tccya ria waqa.

I l e d a t o u l a k o 1 v e t ? s05u Datou l a k o s o b u . E tiko e v e i n a nona e wai E t i k o e wai na nona koro.

ko ro? 0 lako i v c i oqorl? 1. vanua Au l a k o i vanua. ?4e1u ~ u r i e vc:? 1'1 s i Murli e n a i matau.

:nat a u

--- _ . _ _ * - .. -.,- U A ..a*- - - "., ...V .,. *.- _ .-- -- - -

.s;lle? ncinn -~.!le - I

F,rt. {a?.?: c;c-a $2 i i d : ~ 1:1*~liku i; 3.1v1a t i k o oqG ria v u z l i k u . ciko oqb?

P!eYt! v5-golea i v e i tokalau VZ-golea na waqa i n a I

t 4

vla y.~sf-lc;? t o k a l a u . *1 L : i%o e ;re1 o ra kei O idadi e t iko e na r5

F" ":ad5 ? V i t i Levu k e i V i t i Levu. Ija cagi cava e Cau ceva Na ceva e dau cag i

eagi Satab at%? t atabatz. Iv:etu l a k o i v e i ? c ake Lako cake ~ a i . !ie ' u b l t r t a e v e i ? s o h u G-kuta s o b u m a l . il; v e i n a ki? c a ~ e - Na kI e t i k o e caxe. ;?e u ciabe e v e t ? 1'2 - Dabe e r., :-la cag i cavz e l i w a i r l a cz.gi i. r.2. c ii:~ra t i k 0 -

t l k o oqS? C'J 0.

sf- * "

6\13 la$rz 136 b a l e t a na cjoli . -- Ye gacova mai na y a b a k i 1961, e 3 sega .tu n i dau vaka-

la isen1 n a q o i i . E 5 qai b u f i e dua n a k e n a lawa. Na iawa uq5 e 5 v a k a - r o t 1 k i n a na v e i t a m a t a ygdua k a v i n a k a t a ze q ~ Z i me tiko vu5 e dua na k e n a l a i s e n i . E 5 t e k i v u vg- ksukauwatakf. na lawa aq6 e na wai k e i n a b Z r a v i k a t i k o t i k i v a n a Yasana ko Rewa, N a i t E s i r i , Namosi, S5rua kei na dua na t i k r T a i l e v u kei L o r n a i v i t i , Era E v a k a - r o t i na dau q o l i m e ra v o l z n a n o d r a i v o l a ni k e r e k e r e ki vuZ n a Tz ia i Vef vuke k a q a r a v a na i wasewhse k a r a t o u w i l i k i n a na ve iyasana s 5 cavuti o t i t E e cake. E nr;E i v o l a n i k e r e k e r e yEdua, me vaka -maca la t ak i k i n a na wai se na b g r a v i k a v i n a k a t i me caka k lna na q o l i . E 5 vaka-bIbXtrtki t i k o n a v a k a - l a i s e n i t a k i n i q c l i k i v e i i r a na dnu q o i i . me v o l i t a k i , k a n a c a l a , ?:aka-lawa. kina na tarnata e sega n i vaka-muria..

Ques t l o n s and Answers

1. Na ya.baki cava e Z t e k i v 5 v 5 - ~ a u k a u w a t a k i k i n a na lzwa ni ~ o l i ?

Ha y a b a k i i.961.

3 _. Na ca.va na. i n a k l n i l ~ w a oq5? Na I n a k l n i lax8 aq6 z e ra v a k a - l a f s e n i k i n a n a tar tmta

r?au q o l i ,

3. 0 I r a n a rnataqal i tarnata zava e v a k a - b i b i t a k i v e i I r a ria lawa oq5?

E vaka-bibitaki r,a lawa oqz k i :rei isa ka ra a a u q o l i m e v o l i t a k i .

4 . Cavuta e rtla na yasana km t e k i v r i k i n a ria v5-kaukauwataki n i Sawa n i ~ 0 1 4 ,

T>ia Yasana ko R c l ~ a k e i NaitZs2r.i .

5 , Ma cava e na yace vun n s tarr:ata e s e q a n i \ taka-muria na Iawa oqo? -

fda tamatJa e s e ,.a r i t v a k a - ~ i u r i a na l t i ia oqc s2 na cala vaka- lawa.

I X . Vcsabu la ry .

l a i s e n i

lawa lewe

matau, i. m a w % , i n a k i , i Taiaf Veivcke v a k a - b l b i t a k a vaka-dodonut aka vaka-dua vaka- law a vzka-macalat ~ k a vaka-rot1 vaka- t agane vz-kaukauwat a k a v e i l a k o y a k i v e i n a k i ve i tamat a

Place Niirvles

go up a s t e e p p l a c e , go ashore from f i s h 3 ng or b a t h i n g

wind , a i s , atmosphere na cag l i r2 ' t h e west wind, .- west I

sLnk under water or below t h e h o r i z o n , s e t (of t h e s u n or moon)

t u r n t h e head; t r a n s . poleva 2-

go t h r ~ u g h , cross i n t e r s e c t ; t r a n s . Kssova

li cerlse (8;ngl. ) ; vaka-laJ s e n i .----- l icensed. L C ? ; ~ a k a - l a i s c n i t s k a --------

c aus . f " ~ : P l l l > ~ 11-7.: ! 1) rrmeral. p a r t i c l e , p ~ e c e d i n g

nc;xtcx-s fnc l i ca t f n,rt p e o p l e ; TT).. - .-

I

A - 2 - - .

az. in Iewe nl. I-iox.3 v i l l a g e r s ' . - ---.-- ~,.!.ow, 0 2 ' tl?z wind: tsa.ns . liwa.va ---

' L L O W arz ,:r z lgainstT L-: ~ r > t d i $ j 2 ,.ci, s:,i:f:

p!:r>.'- e , ~ C L -i:t;io:? , ' t , r ; i m i ~ ~ i 011c T c r.:pi, as 1 ze re ct,l ;"y c;n ce Zescl e x p l a i n advise<:, i r ~ s t r u c t e d 4!.ke a rzun, kePclzzlnz t o a ma3.e Larden, stx3eng.,t;hen, r e i n f o r c e iilovt? ab oue f ree iy nutually aqree t o do as -iu! ~t2ltta:ria't;a yzdua 'each anti -- -

e v e r y p e r s o n f

Niu i<a le tEr i ia R a Rot urna SGrua T a i Le vu

A i ka t i n i ka ono ni l g s o n i

I , Dia logue. (&)

A: Na cava o sZ r u i l Why a r e you s o l a t e ? dedE k i n a ?

B: E ii r u i l e v u dfna I was r ea l l y v e r y b u s y , na noqu osoeso ,

A : Sa qaf r u i l evu Yau9re g e t t i n g more and %ore t i k o gZ na nomu busy t h e s e days. osooso e na gauna oqE .

B: Kei tou s g rui Pewe There a r e no t many of u s , and l a i l a i ka l z i l a i wl? have very l i t t l e t ime t o t a l e ga na gq. ~ t m a do o u r work. m e k e i t o u cakava k i n a na neltou cakacaka ;

R e p e t i t i o n .

E k e l t o u a sega n i gaco mai e nanoa n i sg r u i ba lavu na g a u n i s a l a .

E s a r u i dau d r a i v a v a k a - t o t o l o o koya.

E sE r u i q a i q a s e g5 o koya.

0 s E mani r u i dau gunu vaka-levu o i k o .

Mo kzkua n i r u i l a k i deds mai keyz.

E sz r u i b a t a b a t z d i n a na d r a k i .

- Note

We d i d n ' t a r r i v e y e s t e r d a y because t h e road i s v e r y long .

He usua l ly /a lways d r i v e s f a s t .

He i s now much o l d e r .

Af ter all, y o u ' r e r e a l l y d r i n k i n g t o o much.

You m u s t n ' t be t h e r e t a o long,

The weather i s r e a l l y ve ry co ld .

1. Note t h a t i f r u i is c o n s i d e r e d a m o d i f i e r , i t s - p o s i t i o n with r e s p e c t t o t h e b a s e i s different from most o t h e r m o d i f i e r s . Rui precedes r a t h e r t h a n f a l l o w s t h e base . -

111. S u b s t i t u t i o n .

Cue -

oca kana 0 v a k a - l a i l a i s o l i a o d r a u vaka- to t o l o t a u r a were

I I I b .

Cue -

vinaka

bu tobu tb na bogi

moce

e kg

o d r a u

au nanuma

t o t o l o na karobo

sB l a k o

I I I c .

Cue -

Sentence

Au sE r u i v i a moce vaka-levu. - Au s5 r u t oca vaka-levu. Au sZ r u i kana vaka-levu. 0 sS r u i kana vaka-levu. 0 sii r u i kana v a k a - l a l l a i . 0 sZ r u i s o l i a v a k a - l a i l a i . 0 d r a u sg r u i s o l i a v a k a - l a f l s l . 0 d r a u sii r u i s o l i a v a k a - t o t s l o . 0 d r a u s g r u i t a u r a v a k a - t o t o l o . O d r a u sz r u i were v a k a - t o t o l o .

Sentence -".-..--.-

E - - dodonu mc d a t o u vaka-cegu mada ni sa ruj- k a t a k a t a na s f g a .

E vfnaka me d a t o u vaka-cegu - mads nf s a r u i k a t a k a t a na s i g a .

E v inaka m e d a t o u wZw8 mada n i sC r u l k a t a k a t a na siga,

E v inaka me d a t o u wSw5 mada n i s 5 r u i bu tobu td na bog i .

E v inaka Re d a t o u moce mada nf s S rui butobu td na b o g i .

E v inaka me d a t o u moce e kg n i sZ ru' b u t o b u t 6 na b o g i .

E v inaka rno d rau moce e kg n i si? r u i bu tobu to na bogi.

Au nanuma mo d r a u moce e kg n i sE r u i Dutobuta na b o g i .

Au nanuma mo d rau moce e kg n i s2 r u i to5010 na karobo.

Au nanuma mo d r a u sZ l a k o n i s E r u i t o t o l o na karobo.

Sen tence

SB r u i l e v u S a r a gZ na nona - - - 0 S 0 0 S 0 .

d i n a gii

k e r e k e r e

n o d r a t o u

wale g5

v o s a

e

nomudrau

t i k o ~a

u l u b a l e

nomu

IIId.

Cue

S 5 rui l e v u d i n a g% na nona c s o o s o .

SE r u i l e v u d i n a g Z na nona k e r e k e r e .

SZ r11.l. l e v u u l n a g.5 na r :?dratou k e r e k e r e .

S B r u i l e v u wa le gZ nci n o d r a t o u k e r e k e r e .

SZi r u i l e v u wale F Z ~ na n o d r a t o u voxa .

2 rui l e v u wale gZ n a n c d r a t o u vcsa .

E P U ~ l e v u wale ~5 nn nomudrau V G S a . - E r a u i l e v u tikc ga n ? nonucirau v o s a .

E r u i l e v a t i k o P E na nomudrau ulubale .

E r u i l ? T ~ u t i k o pS n a nnK,u u l v t i 3 1 e .

v a l e

v i n a k a

nornu

d i n a

motokE

t o t o l o

s a r a

c i c i

b e r a b e r a

waqa

T-s L ~5 FL:[ pwa s;;ira ~5 na nona -- .. &..- ---

k c r e .

- - ?J s k :tii yaw: sara 672 Ra nona

v a l - , v * c sS r * i t i v i n a k a s a r a ri?i na

~ O I I E ~ va l e . ,.-. -- - I: 5;: Y * - J ~ v i n n k a sara $3 i-\,a

noru vcile. E sZ :-zi v i n a k a d i n a na nomu

va-I 2. -- E sa ~i vlr:z~ka d i n a na nonu

xc;? ?I. E 3Z rui t o t ~ l c d i n a n a nomu

: r iC j i , 3 ~ a . I*, 4% ~ u i t o t o i o sara r:z nornu

:il,nkZ. k, ,:5 ,-ul t o t o l o S a r a na nomu . *

C'-C', . I; sq .-ul b e r a S e r a S a r a na

r;::E:3, c l c i . 1: sa r12i berabera Sara na

nrxr,g waqa .

I V . Expansion.

a.

Cue --

vaka- levu rui sara

Cue -

rui sii d i n a

Cue -

vaka-levu r u i dau

sa oca o k o y a .

SZ oca vaka-levu a k o y a . SZ r a u i oca vslra-levtl o k o y a . S5 ru.1 oca s a r a vaka-l.evu r;

k u y a . ::s rl,li f~c:av ~5 \7 : . ; . i<: i -"-1f :1~: ;

C! k c, ;j >. %

p; t;su ~ ; ~ k a - l e v u r1.q uea . T 1 t:, :.ui tstl v a k ~ . - l e v ; ? na uca .

, . j -u :~ cc,.~~ t a u v a k ~ - - l e v u 22 i\ C 3 .

r-9 - r, $2. puj. ciau t a u va.k.3--l.r?~.!v !)a i : C &

. - L:t 3.3ri-j dau t.;>.:~ l;i~$'a.--

. . ~ v u na u z a . - L <, - il ~2 zianl - pul da:r Cau. ?$:I;"'.

^ A .. p.2 raa !lea,

V . V a r i a b l e s l o t .

Cue -- Response

mani

wzwz

dau

q a i

d a

v i a

c a g i

d i n a

Me d a t o u cegu mada n i s5 r u i I__._

l e v u Sara ga na u c a . - Me d a t o u cegu mada

mani r u i l e v u n a Me d a t o u wZw5 mada

r u i l e v u n a u c a . Me d a t o u wZwZ mada

dau l e v u n a u c a . Me d a t o u wZw5 mada

r u i l e v u n a uea . Me da wZwZ mada n i

l e v u na u c a . Me da wEwE mada ni

Pevu na uca. Me d a wEwZ mada n i

aevu n a cagi. Me d a wZwZ mada n i

3Lna na cag4.

ni s5 u e a . n i s5 mani

n i sZ r u i

sE q a l ruk

s5. r u i v i a

sii r u i v i a

s5 TUI l e v u

V I . Q u e s t i o n s and answers : Respond w i t h -- r u t . .--

E osooso o koya? E s2 osooso o koya? E dau gunu v a k a - l e v u ? '

0 v i a gunu vaka-levu? 0 v i a l a k o k i Suva? 0 sZ q a i mamau?

0 d r a u mani be ra ta na waqa?

0 dou n a l a ' k i dedg? E bau t o t o l o na waqa oq?? Sa b a c i cudru o koya?

To, e r73i osooso o koya. l o , e s5 r u i osooso o koya. l o , e sa r u t dau gunu vaka-

l evu o koya. I o , au r u i v i a gunu vaka - l evu . To, au r u i v i a l a k o kP Suva. 10, a u s5 qai r u i marnau vaka-

l e v u . Io, k e i r a u s5 mani r u t b e r a t a

na waqa. 10, k e l t o u na r u i l a t k i deds . 10, s5 r u i t a t o l o d i n a . 10, e sZ r u i baci cudru vaka-

l e v u o koya.

V I I . D ia logue . {xgl' A : E vaka-eve1 na dedE How l o n g does i t t a k e a bus

n i c i c i n i b a s i t o r u n from Suva t o Nausorf? mai Suva ki Nausor i?

1. YE - ' e a c h , e v e r y 1 o c c u r s b e f o r e numera l s .

B: E,rauta e yztolu It takes about thirty minutes sagavulu na na a trip. miniti.

A: E yzvica na i vodo- How much is the fare? vodo?

B: E tauyZdua.na silini It costs one shilling and six sisiveni. pence.

VIII. Repetition,

E yalima na silini dua na i vesu dalo.

E dua na i vesu dalo e tiko kina e tauyzvitu na dalo.

E yglima sagavulu na ose e tiko e na dua na l o ~ a ni bai.

E na veiloma ni bai yadua oq6 e tiko kina e tauyzlima sagavulu na ose.

Mo vaka-tawana e tin2 na qzloni na bcnisini e na veiyadua na drau na mZi le .

E na veiyzdua na drau na msile, mo vaka-tawana e yatini na qaloni.

E dua na tamata e taukena e yztini ka lima na vii ni nfu.

Na veitamata yiidua e taukena e tauyztini ka lima na vu ni niu.

IX. Expansion.

Cue -

na niu na gone yadua me

It i s f i v e s h i l l i n g s f o r a bundle of taro,

In each bundle of taro there are seven taro.

There are fifty horses f v each pen.

I n each o f these pens t h e r e are fift:y horses,

Put in ten gallons of gas every hundred ~ i 3 e s .

At every hundred miles, put in ten gallons.

One person owns fifteen coconut trees.

Each and every persen owns fifteen coconut trees.

Sentence --.---

Kauta na i e y2lima.

Kauta rnai P yziima na niu. Na gone yzdua me kauta mai e y5lima na niu.

na

t a u -

v e i -

e t i k o e kg

IXb . Cue --

e na dua n a motokZ

yii-

k i n a

e dodonu

t a u -

yZ- (-na com.on a r t i c l e )

v e i -

na ( f u t u r e t e n s e )

X . V a r i a b l e s l o t .

Cue -

lima

Na gone yadua m e n a k a u t a rnai e yiil ima na n i u .

Na gone yZdua m e n a k a u t a rnai e t auyEl ima n a n i u .

Na velgone yzdua m e na k a u t a mai e t a u y z l i m a na n i u .

Na ve igone gzdua e t i k o e ke me na k a u t a mai e tauy51irna n a n i u .

Na ve igone yZdua e t l k o e kg m e na k a u t a mai e tauyZ1in'a na n i u n i mataka.

Sen tence -- -- Me vodo e llma na t a m a t a .

Xe vado e lima na ta rna ta e na d u a n a rnotak.5.

Ke v ~ d o e y g l i ~ a nn tamata e na d u a na rnotoka.

E na dua na motokg me vodo k i n a e ygl ima ria t a m a t a .

E na dua na motckZ e dodonu m e vodo kina e yzlinaa na t 3 . ~ a t a ,

E na dua n a motok5 e dodonu m e vcdo k i n a e tauygl i rna na tamata.

E na motakg ygdua c dodonu me vodo k i n a e t a u y g l i m a n a t arnat a .

E na veirnotokg ygdua e dodonu me vodo k i n a e t auygl i rna n a tamata.

E na velrnotokz yzdua e dodonu m e na vods k i n a e t auygl i rna na t a m a t a .

Response ----.

Na vei loma nl b a i yzdua oqo e t i k o k i n a e y g t a l u s a a a v u l u na bulumakau.

Na vei loma n i b a i yzdua oq5 e t i k o k i n a e yz l ima n a bulumakau.

t amat a

motoks

vodo

waqa

o s e

t i n i ka l i m a

t aucoko

Na ve l loma r:l b , i i .irladua oq5 e t l k o k ina e yglirna na tamata.

Na veimotok5 y5dua oq5 e t i k o k i n a e yZl2ma na t a m a t a .

Ma veirnotolc5 yzdua oqo e vodo k i n a e yZ2ima na tanla ta .

Ma veiwaqa yZdua oq5 e vodo k i n a e yzlirna na tamata.

Na veiwaqa yadua og5 e vodo k i n a e yzlirna na o s e .

Na veiwaqa yzdua oq?~ e vodo k i n a e y g t i n i ka linia na o s e .

Na veiwaqa t aucoko cc5 e vado k i n a c yZtir-12 ka ?ima nz o z c .

X I . Q u e s t i o n and Answer.

Q u e s t i o n -- Cue Answer -- E yZvica ria t a m ~ y ~ a

e rawa ni vodo e na dua na waqa?

E y z v i c a na i v o i c - vodo n i b a s i k l Suva?

E y a v i c a na i ss.u n i d a l o oqo?

E y z v i c a na rumu e - t i k o e n a dua na i t a b a v a l e ?

E na v e i y a v i c a nn m a i l e me dau I s u - r a l k i n a na mcfokg?

E yzvica na tamata e rawa n i l a k o e na dua na n a t a i l a k o l a k o ?

Era yabak i ygv!-ca na gane v u l i e r a v u l i t i k o e ke?

E na gauna cava meu dau r a i c i vunfwai k ina?

E vaka-cava na v e i - yawaki nf duru meu k e l i a ?

19 E y g t i n i na tamat; e rawa ni vodo e na dua na waqa ,

8 J- E y 5 w a l u na silini n a i vodovoda n i bas1 k i E;lva.

4 /- dua Ma 1 sau n i d a P a oq6 e na 1. tauyEva na sSlini dua vesu na i vesu.

20 E yc%rua sagavulu na rumu c t i k o e na dua na 2 t a b a v a l e .

500 Me dau l a u r a i na matokg e na vefyiib2rna na d r a u na agile.

35 E y a t o l u sagavu lu k a l i m a na t amata e rswa n i l a k o e na dua na rnata i l ako- l ako .

13 k i Ha gone v u l i er? vuli t i k o na 1 5 e kE era tiko e na loma

ni ycdbaki tini ',a t o l u k l ra yabak: tlni ka 1 3 ~ 1 8 .

v e l y 5 - Mo dau r a i c i vunlwai e ria t o l u n a v e i y g t o l u na v u l a . v u l a

vcfyGvS Ma k e l i a e dua na du ru e na i na veiyZiv5 na i y a t e . y a t e

XII. Dialogue. ( k e i l - ---

A : E vaka-cava m e a a t o u lako k e i Saimone?

B: Erau Z sZ 1iu k e i Jone e nanoa.

A : 0 cei gZ e'datsu na lako vata?

B: Eda na lako kei na D.O. vata kei i r a na ].ewe ni koro.

XIII. Repetition.

Keirau ii lesu mai Niu Siladi k e i ~arnu, l

Keitou na tiko ma5 k e r i kel na D.O. ni mataka.

Keimami lako ki Suva kei i r a na lewe ni koro.

E drau na vaka-tawa t l k o e vale kei tacimw,

E dou sZ suretl kei Sala.

E dodonu mo ni lzko rnai kei ira na watimuni.

Erau ii laga sere kei Jone. Eratou na sega ni lako mai kei tamadsatou.

Era a sota kei na meea e na mataka lailaf.

Bow nhol-tt going with Satnone?

They had pone with J e h n yesterday.

Tkcn who ar8e we going with?

We'll ga wlth the D . o , and t h e vfllagers.

Sam and I returned from New ZealanC.

WefIl. b e there wtCh t h r D . 0 . to~orrow.

We'll go t+o Suvz with t h e v i l f ap;exbw .

You'll s tay a t home with your b r o $ h c r ,

Y r , u 7 r e irrvLted w f t r l Sela/You and Sala are f n v f t e d ,

You zhould Gome w i t h y o u r wf vcs *

They sang wlth John. They won't cone w i t h t h e i r

f a ther . They met with the enenles in

t h e n r o s ~ i n g ,

1. The English fosm 'Sam and I' can be translated into Fijian as k e i r a u 'we two exclusive--he and If, kei Samu 'and Samf. Kei Samu works as a k i n d o f a p p o s i t i v e , -- -- naming the other person referred to by the pronoun .

XLV. Expansion drill.

Cue -

mo drau tiko e kg kei Saimone

e na limz na kaloko

me datou mai veivosaki

kel na D . 0 .

X3Vb.

Cue ---

k e i MBrika fi f?

mat keltou na qai lako ki siwa

kei Samu

XV. Variable slat.

Cue -

Sentence -- Au vinakata.

Au vinakata mo drau tiko e kg. Au vinakata mo drau tiko e k z kei Saimone.

Au vinakata mo d ~ a u ~ $ 1 ko e kc kei Sairnonc e na lfma na icalako.

"-

Au v i n a k a t a rno d r a u t l k c e kc k e i Saimone e na lima na kaloko me datou mai velvosakl.

Au vinakata rno drau tikg e kz k e l Saimone e na P l m a na kalako me datou mai vc2vosaki k e i na D.§.

Sentence -

Keisau na Xesu,

Kalrau na l e s u keP MZsika. Me keirau na lesu kef MBrika. Me keirau na lesu ma: kei M Z r i k a . Me kekrau na Jesu ma5 k e i M S r i k ~ keitou na qai lako k i siwa.

X u keirau na l e s u mai k e i Mzrika k e i t o u na qai lako ki siwa kel. Samu.

Me keisau na lesu ma1 kef MSrlka keitou na qai lako kl s l w a k e i Semu ni rnat&ka,

O keirau kei Pita, keirau na ---- --- tG rnai Nadi ni mataka,

0 k e f r a u kei P i t a , keirau na Xako k i Nadi ni mataka.

f- k e i t o u

o l k o

o r a u na luvemu

o i k o , o Jone

o kemudrau

8 k e i t o u k c i Pita, k c i t o u na. l ako k i Nadi ni mataka.

0 i k o k e i Pita, druu n a Yzko ki Nadi n i mataka.

0 rau na luvemu k e i P i t a , r a t s u na lako ki ki Na,di r ~ i mataka,

. 0 i k o , o Jone kei. P"ta, d c u n a l ako ki Nadl n i metaka.

0 kemudrau k e i P i t a , erau n a l ako k l Nadi ni r.qbc:kn..

XVI. Q u e s t i o n and answer.

Q u e s t i o n

0 c e i drau B l ako k i Suva?

0 c e i dou 5 vcivo- s a k i ?

0 c e i dou n a veicaqe ni mataka?

0 c e i d r au na l e s ~ v a t a mai?

0 c e i d r au 5 tea n a v e i n i u oq5?

E 5 s iwa vata k e i c e i o TImoci e n a bogi?

0 c e i dou a vaka- yakav i va t a?

Cue -

i r a na gone

X V I I . Talanoa.

Na s6Pa wzqavuka --- -

Answer ---- .- Ke:rau *I 1 ~ 9 k i Suva

k c i !- rci z* *- Keit,ou a vf?:vosaki Xci

t z r a g n n ? koro . Kel t o u ~ e i c a r i e k e i

na timi ni s b t l a . Keirau nVz l e s u v a t a

mai ke? . Szmu. Kcrrau 5 t e a na v e f n i u

oq5 ~ P S luVcqu. Kelman"~ siwa vata k e i

T I m u z i e na bog1 . Keitotr ( ~ r keiaarni) 5

vaka-y akav i va t a k e i i r a nn gone.

E r u i u a s i v i na vuka e na waqavc'!c~a kevakZ e da via l ako valca-totolo, me+ vak5 n a lako ma" 'J.lva ki Nadr :.-J.. - r a u t a wale ga e yZv5 s agavu lu na ninf . ; f ; i F ? dec?T 2-1 vuka.

E s6 n a t a m a 2 ~ e na ~ u . 1 t z l e i t a k ~ :up:- ., :?I ?la t o t o l o kei na. kema r~htras?.;! ,:n vuka e i 2a waqavilka, ka ra n a h o l c a k i n a na t a u y l ~ r g na paorli k a ; i n i na s l l i n i na kena i vodovczdo. I a , ogz e na r a i r a i v! a s a u l e v u t o k a kevakz e dua e l ako t l k o ke2 na nona .::zta~rEvale vaka-bXbE ria vefmatavTivale e t a u y Z l i n a se yZic-k? na lewena.

I, Na cava e r u i u a s i v i k i n a na vuka? E r u i u a s i v i n a vuka ke da v i a l a k o vaka- to to lo .

2 . E v i c a n a dedg n i vuka rnai Suva k i Nadi? E r a u t a e yZv5 s agsvu lu n a m i n i t i na dedE n i vuka

mai Suva k i Nadi.

3, Na cava e v i a drgdrg k i n a n i vuka e dua na matavcvale k a r a u t a e lirna se ono na lewena?

E n a v i a drEdrE ni vuka e dua na matav jva le k a r au ta e lima se ono n a lewena n i n a r a i r a : sau l evu vel. i r a e s5.

4 . E v i c a na i vodovodo n i vuka mai Suv:,. 3:1 NadL? E tauyavg na pzoni ka tin1 na s i ?d .n i n a i vodovodo.

n i vuka ma9 Suva ki N a d i .

X V I I I . Vocabulary.

b a c i b e n i s i n i bole-a b u t a b u t 5

P- duru 1

karobo

k e l i - a l a u r a i mani

mat avova le m i n i t i oca ose pBoni q 3 l o n i s a la waqavuka s u r e t i t a b a v a l e , i t 8 l e i - t a k a

t auke-na t auysdua uas i v i u l u b a l e vaka-bf bT vaka-tawana

C. v e i caqe

ag.zln, as a r e s u l t gaso l i ne (Ehgl , ' b e n z i n e ) b o l e --.-I-- 'undeYtake \ 1;rans. bo lea aaxakncss, dark a p o s t , of a house : ,xa fence dusk, t w i l i g h t , ever:j,ng when j u s t

darVk k e l f ' d i g a h o l e 9 ; t r n r z s . k e l i a visit; le adv. p reced ing ve:-iis, i n d i c a t i n g

t h e f i n a l one o:' series of act;; 'then, f i n a l l y , -%lt.?r a l l '

f ami ly croup minute (En@. ) t i r e d , weary horse (Engl . ) pound (Engl. ga l lon ( 2 ~ ~ 1 . ) traveling by a i m l a n e I n v f t e d s t o r y a r wing of a building t n l e l ~ w o n d ~ r f ' u l l y , admirable ' ; --.

trans, t a l e i t a k a admire, va lue ' t a u k e ' t o possess f; trans. g u k e n a p l a c i n g one f o r e a c h e x c e l excuse, p r e t e x t , f i n d an excuse he a v i 1.y i n h a b i t , f i l l up, lead fast b a l l

y a t e

d i s t ance d l s t s i b u t i v e p r e f i x t o n u m e r a l s .

Also , e x p r e s s i n g t h e number o f t i m e s a thing i s done,

y a r d (Eng l . )

FIJIAN

A i ka t i n i k a v l t u ni lgsoni

Dialogue. (E, - d e )

Mo vaka-totolo de Q Hurry up or you'll be late na Sera ki na to the store. sitoa.

E dau sogo e na vica What time is t h e store na sitoa? usually closed?

E na s5 na gauna e Scmeti.mes it c i uses be fo re dau sogo ni sa bera n i n e . na ciwa.

E sZ vica na kaloko What tire is it now? oqo"?

S z oti na velrnZmZ ni It's a f t e r e i g h t t h i r t y . wa lu .

Au sega ni k i 2 E m e 7 u 1 d o n ' t k r o w w h e t h e r I lako oq5 .se rncrl~ s h c u l d go ncw or T f I qai lako e na s h o u l d [?o tomorrow mataka ni mataka. norni ng .

Na nomu iako sei Whetlier yo11 go or not is sega e vaka-tau to me, vei au,

Sobo! d e 1 u 2 sE Oh, come on, I may b e bera. late already.

O s5 sega ni bera , You're f ia t late yet, hurry vaka-totolo! 11p !

NOTES

I. Between bases, z e can be translated as ' o r r . When it introduces a subzdlnate phrase, it means 'whetherr. For example,

E sega ni kilg se vinaka se c5. 'We didn't know ---- ----- whether it was good or not.'

De - means 'lest, s o as not t o f . 2. As do some other p a r t i c l e s , se and de with au - - --

form contractions.

R e p e t i t i o n drill.

Au sega n i k i l 5 s e ' u n s I-aXo st: scga. Au szga n i k L l 5 se 'u na less n i k u a se n i mataka. E s e g a nf macala s e t u b i u t a e v e i na noyu k J . I3 s e g a n i macala se faka ma1 v e i o koya. 0 k i l g se sEyaaco mai na waqa? 0 ki l t5 s e n a t a u na uca n i k u a ? 0 k i l 5 se i vZvE n e i ce i oqb? E s e g a n i macala se metu l a k o oqF se n e t s qai lakc)

vaka-mzlua . E s e g a ni macala mo l ako se k a a . E s e g a n i macala se mef J b l u t a e v e i ,


Cue 7

ku s e g a nl k i i g se s5 ~ > ; h a ----- nz bose oe sera .

lako mai vef o koya +u s e ~ z .li k ? l Z se Zako nai v e i c koyri.

ratou sZ l e s u mai s e sek-a . . . mef u k a u t a e v i c a n a n i u au 5. b i u t a e v e i n a noqu kT n a cava na vG n i nona Taka sZ rauta oq5 se s 5 t a l e sZ v i c a n a nsna y a b a k i sZ b u l a t l k o se 35. mate sZ dodonu v e i iko cava n a nomu nanuma

IIIb.

Cue - E sei?;a n i macala se s?i ---.- , ~ & + - , a 4 Fs na luvena. ---

se m a t a q a l i i k a cava oq5 E ssega ni maca la se mataqali I k a cava oq5.

m e t u t a r o g i koya se kua * . .

e gone ni V i t i se v u f e g i se met u cakava vaka-cava s e cava n a kena i balcbalc m e l u na tukuna vaka-cava

vuE

se mo drau lako t ~ i e g5 se kua

se sZ v6 na kzkana se ~a O ~ I

e na lako tale gZ mai o koya se sega

se na vaka-cava na d r a k i ni mataka

IV. Expansion,

Cue -

sega n i se sZ l e s u rnai o Samu

se sega

rnai Vunidawa

e na rnataka oq5

IVb . Cue --

se raici Jone B rnai Lautoka

e nanoa

S e n t e n c e ---

Au s c g ; ni k i l 5 . Lti sc3ga nl kilz se sZ - c s u mai. Au sep2 ni kilF se sZ l e s u rial

o Zamu. i.1: srqa ni k l l Z s e s B lesu rnai

o Sanv se sega. Au sciya ni kilS se sZ l e s u m a i

Vunidawa o Samu se seb:a. Au scza n i kiiZ se si3 LESU rnai

V u r ieawa e na mataka oq6 o .5ar:r; s e sega.

Sentence ---

Taroga vu5 .

Taroga Taroga r 1 f art?ga

vu8 se raici Jcne. vu3 se E raici Jone . vu3 se Zi r a i c i J o n e

r:ai Lautoka, Taroga vuZ se Zi raici Jone rnai Z,autoka e nasoa.

V. Variable s l o t .

fitA -.--- z e p a nf k l l z s e t u -- --- nz -- l c s u -.---

I - n i - -- nikua se n i matab,?. -

ratou

lako

macala

sega

yani - a

e nanoa

VI. Repetition drill. (de) --

A I L sega ni k i l X se r a t o u rta i r E U mat n l k u a se n i mataka.

P.u svga nZ k l l Z se ratou na :aka mat n i k u a se ni mataka.

E - < p a n i k i l Z s e r a t o u n a : - ; l i~ nial. n i k t ~ a ,ce n i r c a t a k a . . ,

P. --:ya ni macala ~c 73r71.i n$ rr;ai 11ik;r;a se rX - T a " r d i ~ .

E . ; I , .a x l l macaia se sa toa n& : ._~,:o rnzi n fkua se sepa .

F ; s ' i y 3 n i macala se rat; u TI& .;.i:o y a n l n4.Pl;a se se, :a.

I-: - -L-a n i mzca fa se r 2 t ~ d 5 :o y a n i n i k u a s e seqa .

I:, nP rnacafa se ratcu Fi y;:ni e nanoa se sega.

Mo vaka-totolo de o be rz k i nrA -:*tea, Mo dou sS lako de o dou bop! I ?. Tukuna vuZ de sa sega ni ~~~~~~. Vaka-raica mada o iku de rawa i:I o kunea. Mo volia mai na suka de o t i o q f , Mo tiko g5 e kg de o g a i suasu7, Me daru lako gg nikua de q a i a~~,i+:i c 5 ni mataka. Mo tarogi koya tale dc q a i F ~ ~ J I I ~ ~ a v a , KZkua ni lako de o na oca w a l e I. Kua ni drafva vaka-totolo de (. - , . q n i coqa.

VII. Substitution.

Cue - V a l - - - t o t o l o d e c bera ta na b a s i . ----- --""-- . , tau na uca ~ 2 : --'~ctclo de tali na uca.

na qai draki eZ ni mataka . . ,

sZi waraki iko tiko rnai o ko y a

bera na i katalau ratou oca e na wZw5 vinakata mo drau na lako vata

d a r u b e r a t a na ~ a q a v u k a au q a i bog i koso r a u s a vaka-rau l a k o o d rau b i u t u mai

V I I I . Expans ion .

S e n t e n c e

mo l a k o n a d r a u de

v a t a

v i n a k a t a

VIIIb.

Cue -

d a r u n i k u a de d r a k i c3. n l mataka

I X . V a r i a b l e s l o t .

cakava

au

V a k a - t c t o l o mo lako . Vaka- to to lo mo na l ako . Vaka- to to lo rno d r a u na l a k o . T2aka- to to lo de mo d r a u na

I-ako . V a k a - t o t o l o de rno d r a u na

Zrtko v a t a . V a k a - t o t o l o de v i n a k a t a mu

d r a u n a l aka v a t a .

S e n t e n c e -

Daru l a k o . Dam l a k o n l k u a . Dasu l a k o n i k u a de d r a k i ca. Daru Laka n i k u a de d r a k i c a

ni mat aka. Daru l a k o gZ n i k u a de d r a k i

cE n i mataka. Daru l a k o gz n i k u a de qai

3raki c Z n i mataka.

Ko k-akua n i l a k o de o n a % P -

m a .

Mo, kaua n i cakava de o na o c a wa le gZ.

Me'u kgkua n i cakava d e ' u n a o c a wale g'i.

bera Pefu kgkua nf cakava defu na bera wale gz.

qai Melu kzkua ni cakava de" na qai bera.

drau No drau kZkua nl cakava de a drau na qai bera.

cudruvi Mu drau kzkua ni cakava de o

kauta

kua

drau na qai cudsuvi. Mo drau kZkua ni kauta de o drau na qa i cudruvi.

Mo drau kua ni kauta de c drau na qai cudsuvi.

X. Talanoa.

Eda na aali vaka-i-lavo ki Pcritznia se ki Esia?

E dua na i voLa E .5 v o l Z k o M r . R. W. R . ka t z b n k i e na nfusfveva oaG e daidai. E Z volB o koya ni va';Z eda veidretaki tiko e na dua na Fauna lekaleka oq6, se me cia qali ki PerktZnia se k i Esia. O q 5 e baleta na veikE ni noda bula vaka-i-lavo. $5 f i ~ ) c ~ n u me da mamX vaka-vinaka ka tilorna vaka-rn5lua na l p w e nl 1 v o l & oq6 ,

Na kg me qarauni rnatua d e mani y3co na nodrau veidretaki keda na q a r f k a u e r u a oq5--vaka-i-lavo, sepa ni vaka-yago,--me da kabasu kina. Ta k e da sS kabasu e na vuku ni veidre oq5 ka vaka-vuna me rau d u i gole ka roqota yani na veiks erau l u k u t a sawa mai na dui taba ni bisinisi erau taukena th, eda s 5 na qai biu tG e na liga lala kei na dravudravua.

Adapted from the editorial of VOLAGAUMA VG 4 2 2 : 23/'1/61

Questions and answers

1. Na cava e 5 cakava ko Ivix*. R . W. R.? E Z vol2 o Mr. R , W. H . e Cua na f volo.

2. 0 cei o rau na q a r i k a u c tukuni tiko e na i vola oqE? Na qarikau e rua e t u k u r i l tiko e na i vofa oq8, oy3 o rau ko PeritZnia kei Esia.

3. Na niusiveva cava e a t a b a k l kina na i vola nei Mr. R. W. R.?

Na i vola nei Mr. R , W. R , e a tabaki e na Volagauna.

4. E na I ka vica ni sl.ga e Zi ta.baki kina na niusiveva oqC?

Na niusiveva oq5 e 5 tabaki e na i ka tini ka tolu ni Janueri, 1961.

Ig 5. Na m a t a q a l i v e i d r e cava e vaka-clacalaCaki t i k o e n a i v o l a oqF?

Na v e i d r e e b a l e t a n a v e i k z n i noda b u l a vaka- i - lavo.

X I . Vocabulary.

bi s i n i s i bog i koso

coqa de dravudravua E s i a g u i l e cava

kab as u

l a l a luku- t a

n i u s i v e v a P e r i t g n i a q a l i

q a r a u n i

q a r i k a u roqota

sob0 t aba-ka

t i lo-ma vaka-i- lavo

vaka-y ago v e i d r e

Volagauna vuku

b u s i n e s s (Eng l . ) l a s t till n i g h t and t h e n n o t be

f i n i s h e d ; o v e r t a k e n by n i g h t , as on a journey

run i n t o , go a g a i n s t ; trszns. corla l e s t , s o a s n o t t o poor , p o v e r t y Asia f o r g e t ; g u i g u i l e c a ' s a i d of one

who e a s i l y f o r g e t s v p a s s i v e form from basuka ; b r o k e n ,

smashed empty l u k u "old s e v e r a l t h i n g s i n t h e P

hand a t once ' ; t r a n s . l u k u t a chew; mamE v inaka n a k e m u w

y o u r food w e f l i newspaper (En@. E r i t ain twist t oge the r , r o l l t o g e t h e r ,

annexed s h o u l d be c o n s i d e r e d , s h o u l d be

p a i d a t t e n t i o n t o s up ~3 rman roqo c a r r y i n t h e arms , c l a s p

i n t h e armsf; t r a n s . rqgota i n t e r j e c t i o n of s u r p r i s e t a b a - ' p r e s s , p r i n t ; t r h n s . tabalca; --

pass, t a b a k i ' p r i n t e d f t i l o ' swallow1 ; t r a n s . t i l o m a - f i n a n c i a l l y ; b u l a vaka-i- lavo

'economic l i f e b o d i l y , p h y s i c a l l y p u l l one a g a i n s t a n o t h e r , have

a t u g of war, disal:r>ee, f i g h t o v e r something; v e i d r c t a k i

v-.

' d i s p u t e d , c o n t e s t e d 1 t h f _ n g s t e l a k o v inaka na veik2i

keee ' t h i n g s a r e going wellf - t h e name o f a F i j i a n newspaper s ake , cause ; ( n o t used a lone )

FIJI AN

A i k a t i n 1 k a walu n i lEson i

(Vaka- $ b a s e , w i t h o r wi thou t s u f f i x e s )

I . Dialogue. ,

A : Yalo v inaka , vaka- P l e a s e , have my b r e a k f a s t r a u t a k a mada n a re ady . qau i k a t a l a u .

B: N a c a v a o s g v a k a - What are you i n a h u r r y for? t o t o lo t aka?

A : Au v i a l a k o mada ' I ' d l i k e t o go t o Suva. k i Suva.

B: Vaka-cava, o s H n a Say, won't you be go ing n e x t s e g a n i l a k o e week? n a mgcawa mai qz?

A : 10, e n a vaka-berg No, i t w i l l only cause unneces- wale g5 vaka-levu s a r y de lay i n my work. n a noqu cakacaka.

B: WZwS, metu v5-kata- Wait, l e t m e warm up your food, k a t a t a k a mada n a kemu.

A : Kusa, me 'u bau l a ' k i Hurry, s o I can c a t c h t h e n i n e vodo e n a bas1 n i o f c l ock bus , ciwa.

A complete d e s c r i p t i o n o f the u se s of - vaka- would be l o n g e r t h a n t h e l e s s o n i t s e l f . However, t h e d i a logue il- l u s t r a t e s some o f t h e more common u s e s , One, t h e c a u s a t i v e , i s shown by t h e fol l .owing p a i r s :

rai ! s e e 1 vakara i - t aka ' r e v e a l (cause t o be s e e n ) ' bera ' l a t e t vaka-bera ' d e l ay ( cause t o be l a t e ) ' mate - ' d i e t vaka-mate-a ' k i l l ( cause t o d i e )

Vaka-levu shows a n o t h e r use , a l l owing a base t o modify t h e nuc leus o f a verb p h r a s e .

The expansion d r i l l s i l l u s t r a t e t h a t paradigms o f s o r t s can be made f o r some b a s e s , showing d e r i v e d forms w i th r e - l a t e d meanings. But t h e paradigms f o r a l l bases a r e n o t a l i k e , and g e n e r a l l y , t h e d e r i v e d forms shou ld be l e a r n e d wi th t h e bases.

11. Repe t i t i on .

Vaka-totolo de o vaka-ber8 n a nodatou l ako . Vaka-sfnai ta mada n a dramu oqU. Kua n i vaka-o t i a , au v i n a k a t a e sb.

. 0 vaka-dinata n a kZ e tukuna? Kua n i vaka-rere'a de bese n i l ako . Qarauna mo kua n i vaka-ya l i a . Na cava o vaka-daroya k i n a n a soqo. Yalo v inaka, vZ-gunuva mada na noqu o se . Yalo v inaka, vS-kania mada n a gone oq5. VZ-golea mai k5 na nomu waqa.

IIb.

Vaka-ra i taka mada v e i au n a nona v a l e . Na cava a s a vaka - to to lo t aka? Vaka-dodonutaka mada na noqu ka loko . Drau wZwZ me ' u vaka-mamacataka mada n a noqu i s u l u . 0 vaka-suasuataka vaka-cava n a nomu i sulu? VZ-katakatataka n a wai. VZ-gaunataka na nona kana. Vaka-levutaka n a gauna n i cegu. Kua ni vaka-lolomataka na k o l I o q o r i . Na cava o vaka-rarawataka k i n a na gone oq5?


Cue - Sentence

Yalo v inaka , e rawa n i 2 vaka - r a i t aka v e i au?

o vaka - s rna i t a n a noqu Yalo v inaka , e rawa n i o vaka- b i l o s I n a i t a n a noqu bilo?

o vaka-yadra t i koya . . . o drau q a i vaka-o t i a oq5 o dou vaka-s avas a v z t aka

n a v a l e o n I q a i vaka-mzrautaki

koya t i k o o vaka-ceguya mada na

tGraga oqC k e i r a u q a i vakara ica

n i mataka o tukuna vug m e vz-

ka t aka t a t aka

o vaka-saqara n a da lo oqE 0 va-gunuva n a ose

Cue - Sentence

E dodonu rno vaka-b a t a b a t a t aka -a *

vZ-kat aka t a t aka n i b e r a E dodonu mo v5-krat a k a t a t aka ni ni o k a n i a bera n i o k a n i a .

v5-gatz n i b e r a n i o were . " .

vakara ica vaka-vinaka vaka-mamacat aka na nomu

i s u l u qa rauna no kua n i vaka-

mavoat aka vaka-rorogotaka n a nona

vos a vaka- levutaka n a kena i

w asewase vaka-saqarz e t u b a vaka-o t i a Sara n a nomu

cakacaka kua n i vaka-matea

I V . V a r i a b l e s l o t .

Cue -

nodrau

v a k a - l a i l a i t a k a

i t a v i

vaka-macalat aka

au v i n a k a t a

n e i t o u

vakara l t aka

Response

E dodonu m a vaka- levutaka n a kena i wasewase. -

E dodonu rno vaka- levutaka n a nodrau P waxewase.

E dodonu rno v a k a - l a i l a i t a k a na nodrau i wasewase.

E dodonu rno v a k a - l a i l a i t a k a n a nodrau i t a v i .

E dodonu mo vaka-rnacalat&a n a nodrau i t a v i .

Au v inaka t a mo vaka-macalat aka . n a nodrau i t a v i .

Au v inaka t a mo vaka-macalat aka n a n e i t o u i t a v i .

Au v i n a k a t a mo vaka - r a i t aka n a n e i t o u i t a v i .

IVb . Cue - Response -

n a ose

na. waqri

va-lce le 2

dede

E rawa ni o q a i v3-kania t i k o na l uvequ ke 'u b e r a mai e ns y a k a v l ?

rawa ni o q a i vg-iiania t i k o na cse k e l u b e r a mai e na y a k a v l ? rawa ni o q a i v5-qunuva t i k o na ose k e l u b c r a mai P na TJ ;ik a.vi ? rawa ni o qai vE-gun~rva t i k o ria oSe kt: ' u b e r a rnai n.i!<ua? rav~2 ni o qai va-gunu.vi i r a tikc na. mar?un?ax:u ke ' u bera :::a.l. nl itur;:? ra,T,*in r ~ l i; q;:J. vaka-- . ra ica i r c t ik lc , na r:!rlriumanu ke ' u berz n.iel. n ik .uz? rr*i?a r~i. o qaf vaka - r a . l c e t ikc" I?;J. waqa k e ' u b e r 2 niai. nlkc.e? rawa ni G q a i v 5 - k e l e a tiko n a waq5 lie ' u b e r a nlai n ik t ra? rawa ni o qai va-kelea t i k o %a viaqa. ke ' u dedc mai r? ikua?

, . V. ?'r;;;n:.;foT!:13tIol.l: i3'iak~ c a u s a " v v e s f r o n t h e followin!; .

Cue - S e n t e n c e ~-- -

E a :riavoa c~ l:oy*-. E Tuasua na I s t ~ i u . ii marau dizia o k o y 2 , E!: rarawi?, T~- , l ,La- levu u - koya .

:;?. nmar~ac:?. na ncrr!u I sulu.

E 5 d o d m u c k o g a . S E cakacaka o Pita. S Z b a t a b a t g n a b i a . S Z k a t a k a t a na kakana.

0 cei e 2 vaka-mavc;a'i;al.':a? O cei e v a k a - s u a s u a t a k a ? 0 cel e vaka -marau t aka? 9 eel e vakara ra7) ra taka?

3 c e i e E vaka -dadonu taka? 0 c e i s5. v a k a - c a k a c a k a t a k a ? 0 c e i s 5 vaka-b a t a b a t Z t a . k a ? 0 eei sii v a - k a t a k a t a t a k a ?

+ ' ) -- . . E kadre . su n z nun::. ::ate. . c (?- i c v ii- 2.. ;ZCI re C: ;L"~;:c a? Au s 8 m i c a . ;... \.: {.,-.i " > ..> .: 2 2 ~ 7 2 . : . k ~ - r . : : ~ j l;;iw

t , : -, i, -! E vaka-lolorria d i l l 2 c .,,., ,- ?? \ r ; j . j . < ; ~ - ~ J-C-L - 7 rVt. -,!,!.:+.t air2? koya .

I Cue ;:: t % :; c : ~ c Q - - --.

-"

E B s u a s u a a koya. ,- 1 {-% c.-. i :J cLk ;i -- :; I.; 2 li ;: ;;L;c c : r2:j 2 $2 - .. - ..- . ' E a marau vai,:a.-.-levu o ::1 ::r;.i f: ;-, -~3ka-::~:i i- ; ; . l ,~-~.;1 ;.;,:yz,?

koya. , .-.!.. &~, - 1 , :

3 . E mavoa o koya. . .: .,., 1 , , a. ~ ~ , - ~ ~ ~ i 7, . - : ;j':::. ::"<;-,;?:? - .- E ~ a d z ki ~ v l v a c; :CC>;~;.!. ', c. +.; !, ;-.. ., , b . cz ,- ~- .- r, , ": ? r z .. -. $, :: z L ;. ;..: :2 ig :!

- , , piateni IJ~&: 2.- ;!,e vg )< ci;! ;,:i , f;! c; r,: i- <+ yk;: z-y-l;~~t, c ) ;jL ?L..r. ,.... 7 * h . , ~ f J ~ . ' ~ : ,,. '., '- - - . E 5 - k i d a c a l a o k o y : ~ . !? ci ,:. j, ,- 7 , - . . i .. kciya? E s a r u i rarax;11 o ko;:~.. ." :;.,21 <: T J ; ~ ; ~ : ; : , - ~ ~ . T X ~ ; ; J , ~ < ~ ; : $ !<(-:T,~;I.?

., . , , ;; ~,-? j. - 3 7-,' E inadua val.r:~-levt: (j i::>ya. : . q ~ A . b ; ~ - ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ . ~ ; ~ , ~ ; ~ ~ ~ j . ;.,::>;:;a? , , , ~ (., .- .:, .:* . ? <- E a cakacaka r, , . ; . :- .),:., ~.~;1--c~c3,2cj ,c ;a j~~i~ , : J : . :3 . ia :~; ;z? - , - E s a rnamaca. o 'Icyn. i l

, - I , , , ., A , I. > .$ \J ;j,;c 21 .- ;;, 2.; :: -1 ;; ,?. $, ; - :, 1;;:; 8, r?

VI. Expa.nsic-,r~.

Cue -

na gone t i k o vak a- e r a lalai

na nodra i sulu

VIb . Cue -

n a v a l e 0

e rawa n i

vaka- - t a k a

n e i Jone

v e i au

VIc .

Cue -

n a kBkana sFi vak a- - t a k a t i k o

o koya

e v a l e n i k u r o

k: r a g a ni o v a k a - r a i c a n a v a l e . 5 rawa n i o v a k a - r a i t a k a n a

v a l e , E rawa n i o v a k a - r a i t a k a n a

va l e n e i J o n e . E rawa n i o v a k a - r a i t a k a v e i au

n a v a l e n e i J o n e .

Sen tence --

E k a t a k a t a n a k s k a n a * E Z Z k z t a k a t a na kzkana. E sZ v 2 - k a t a k a t a n a kzkana . E sla v z - k a t a k a t a t a k a n a kzkana . E zS, v"5-katakatataka t i k o n a

kZkx-ia. E s5 v?i-katakata.taka t i k o na

>lakana o k c y a . E s Z v Z - k a t a k a t a t a k a t i k o n a

icakana o koyn e v a l e nl k u r o .

V I I . Supplementary d i a l o g u e .

a. vaka-dodonutaka ' t o s t r a , i g h t e n , t o r e c t i f y '

A : E dad-onu mo yaco You s h o u l d a r r i v e here b e f o r e mai k i kE n i bera sFx. n a ono.

B : 0 k i l a vaka -cam? l - 1 ~ ~ d o you know?

A : E r a u t a gg e r u a na I t only t a k e s two h o u r s . A s aua n a kena kena soon as y o u ' r e f i n i s h e d , dcdE. N i o s u k a cone s t r a i g h t h c r e . ga, vaka-dodonu sara m a i .

B: S 5 v i n a k a , metu O.K., l e t me c o r r e c t my watch vaka-dodonut aka first. mada n a noqu ka loko .

VIIb. - vaka + b a s e + one s y l l a b l e s u f f i x

A : Curu mai mo vaka- Ccme i n and r e s t f o r a w h i l e , cegu mada.

I3: S Z v inaka , au s a Thank you, I'll f i n i s h this vaka-ot i a mada f i r s t . oqz.

A : Au na qa i vaka- 1'11 wake up Sam t o f i n i s h it. yadra t i Samu m e vaka-ot l a .

E: I a , sE v i n a k a . O , i i . , t h a n k you .

P.: 9ua v e i i k o n a b i l o Have a cup of t e a ? tI?

U: Sega , v a k a - s r n a i t a F\Ju, Just f i l l me up a y l ~ i s c , o f gi5 mai e dua na water. b i l o wai.

VIIc . vaka-evei

A : E v e i beka a u rawa Where can I change my noney? n i v e i s a u t a k a k i n a n a noqu i l a v o ?

B: E n a v a l e n i vo la - A t t h a t o f f i c e . vo1.a oy5.

A : E vaka-evei n a i Iiow about t h e bus s c h e d u l e vaka-rau n i c i c i h e r e ? n i b a s i e kg?

B : E dau t e k i v u e n a They s t a r t a t six and keen ono k a r a v e i - c i c i y a k i t i k o

r u n n i n g t i l l l e t e e v e n i n g .

me yacova na y a k a v i b o g i .

A : O i , sz. v i n a k a vaka-- Oh, t h a n k you v e r y much. Are l e v u . E vaka-evei t h e r e any e n t e r t a i n m e n t e bau t u e k e e s o p l a c e s here? n a vanua n i v e i - vaka-maraut a k i ?

B : 10, e bau v i c a t o k a . Yes, q u i t e a few.

A : S Z v i n a k a , a s s 8 Very well, I w i l l go and have l a 1 k i v e i s a u t aka my money changed and t h e n mada n a noqu i p l a n my move l a t e r . l a v o q a i rnacala vaka-mglua n a noqu v e i t o s o y a k i .

B: 10, v i n a k a . Qai O.K. See you l a t e r . l a k o .

I V I I I . Ta lanoa .

Na n o d r a vaka -cakacaka tak i na lewe nl vanua.

E n a mua n i y a b a k i 1960, e 5, t e k i v u t a u y a v u t a k a k i n a na M a t a n i t h ko V i t i e dua n a s a s a g a . Oq6 e b a l e t a . na nodra vaka -cakacaka tak i vaka-lewe l e v u n a lewe n i vanua e V i t i . E a t o v o l e a n a Matan i tE me vaka-vurea e vuqa na g a u n i s a l a n i kune cakacaka .

E 5 vaka-b ib i t a l r a k i n a n a Matani tG n a n o d r a t a u r i v a k i n a lewe n i vanua' e V i t i e n a ve icakaca l ia k a Z i dau vaka-i- t a v i g;Ii k i n a e l i u n a vGlag1. E dua na Matani t i i k a ve ivuke vaka-levu e n a s a s a g a oqTj n a Matani t i i ko Niu S i l a d i . E n a nodrau v e i d i n a d i n a t i ko V i t f k e i n a Matan i t i i k a rawa n i s o l i ve ivuke e n a s a s a g a oq8, e r a a v a k a - v u l i c i k a vaka - rau tak i k i n a o i r a k a d i g i t a k i .

E V i t i e 5 vaka-yacor i t a l e g5 k i n a e dua n a i wase n i v e i v a k a - v u l i c i vaka oq5. E d a i d a i sZ l a u r a i S a r a n a vua n i sasaga oqc e na v e i t a b a n i cakacaka me vak5 n a cakacaka vaka-dau n i w a l e s i e na i rCr5 n i waqavuka, cakacaka e n a b a q e , t a b a n a nF bokobuka k e i n a vuqa t a l e .

Q u e s t i o n and A n s w e ~ .

1. Na cava e 2 t a u y a v u t a k a n a Matani t t i ko V i t i e na y a b a k i 1960?

E Z t a u y a v u t a k a na Matan i tE ko V i t i e n a y a b a k i 1960 n a n a s a s a g a t a k i n i n o d r a vaka -cakacaka tak i vaka- l e v u n a lewe n i vanua e V i t i ,

2 . Na m a t a q a l i cakacaka cava e 5 n a k i t i me ra vaka- c a k a c a k a t a k i k i n a n a lcwe n i vZnua?

Na m a t a q a l i cakacaka k a .Z dau v a k a - i - t a v i gB k i n a e l i u n a v c l a g i .

C 3. Na m a t a q a l i ve ivukc cava e 3 s o l i ~ na i1atanitf.I o Niu S i l a d i e na vuku nl. sr:.sz~a oqd?

E ii veivuke n a Matanj tG c) i J iu f i l a d i . e n a n o d r a vaka- v u l i c i k a v a k a - r z u t a k i na lewe n i vanus k a ra 5 d i g i t a k i ycmi e V i t i .

4 . Na cava s Z vua n i sasaca o:l5? E daida . i s Z ra v a k a - i - t a v i na lewe i V i t i e n a v e i c a k a -

caka vaka dau n i w s l e s i , cakacaka e n a baqe ke2 na v i c a t a l e .

IX. Vocabulary .

aua b i l o b okobuka

d i g i t a k i drarnu kadresu

k i d a c a l a

kus a m'2duZ

rnanurnanu

n a k i t i qau

t ausavu t aka v i i - g ~ d ~ t aka v5- gat 2 v5-gaunat aka vZ-golea v5-gunuva vaka-b at ab a t at aka vaka-b e r Z vaka- cakacaka t a k i vaka- ce guy a vaka- da ro y a

vaka-dinat a

vaka-i-t a v i

c5o;c:n, s e l e c t e d dri;rr ( E r i g l . ) p a s s i v e form o f dresukag pe:.rt,

t o r n z of' c l o t h e s , s a i l s , e t c . ; va-kadresu taka ' t e a r ' ---

?ronder, be s u r p r i s e d ; v E - k i d a c a l a t a k a -- " u r p r l ~ e onef

be q u i c k , h a s t e n ashamed, b a s h f u l ; vaka-rnZdu5taka

' c a u s e shame t o t g e n z r a l naze f o r an ima l s and

b l rds ; manumanu yava i vZ ' animal3 ; rnanurnanu vu-bi r d

i n t e n d e d , p l anned mine ( t o e a t ) ; ( = k e q u ) It i s

used whereve r t h e ke- n o s s e s s i v e i s r e q u i

effort , a t recE; temp

a q a u l e v i ? m y s t ; sasagzt a k i ' at -

rcund- show someone around sharpen tirne, r e g u l a t e ca.uze t o t u r n t he head to ~ i v e a d r i n k t o c o o l , make c o l d ca:;se t o d e l a y employed rnakc t o r e s t p r e v e n t , p o s t p o n e , c a u s e n o t

t o h sppen r e c o g n i z e as t r u e and s o b e l i e v e ,

f u l f i l l , obey employed, h o l d i n g a p o s i t i o n

vaka-le.vut aka.

vaka-lolomat aka vaka-mamacat zka vaka-msraut a k a vaka-mat e a vaka-mzvoat a k a v8-kami a vaka-rarawat aka

vak a- r e r e a vaka-rorogot a k a vaka-savasavat aka v a k a - s z n a i t a vaka-s uas u a t a k a vaka-kat a k a t a t a k a vaka-y a c o r i vaka-y a l i a vaka- vure a

vii-kelea ve icakacaka v e i c i c i y a k f v e i d i n a d i n a t i v e i t a b a v e i t o s o y a k i v e i vaka-ma-raut a k i v e i v a k a - v u l i c i vuqa wzlesi

lxlcr-c .-*PC. ,L,- t h e ~lirrrrber cr sf ze of a thiitl:

1 7 1 it ,., L , L ~ miserable dr : i I v ~ ) make happy , d e l i g h t ~ u t t u aeath, kill wound , damace feed, graze ndxc unhappy , t o r t u r e , used. f a r

b ~ d y or s o u l f'rii-r?!t?n r e p o r t zr t h i n g cle;ns.?, n c i f ' y fill eiri

wet C V . 1 heat , wara up b r ~ i ~ : - b . t to p 3 8 S , f ~ l k < ~ i z i 2 I r s t * a Yf,hilig, waste atray L ~ U Z ~ ? to s p r i n g up , inrrr;i:;, corie

1.: t*;Jt lrh

t ; z ' L r ~ ci; a s t o p , anchox* Ccf a b o a t ) :oba, t y p e s cf work

: \ Jo lL t :?x2~u.r.ienl , ;,ckr?csw ledgvent 9 1 ' 9 1 1 6 ! ' ~ ~ , G C = ' P . ? ~ ? ~ ! ~ Z E C S r"z1r110~ :.ccveyl c n t s e n t u r a t ? inmen t tau,-;"lt , t r a i n e d ;";!!any , nttmepous ra5: 0 , t e kephone , wirc l .ess (hni-I. , )

Date post:	26-Mar-2021
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times

T....t (nadc with the tip sf toe tongue on the back af' the teeth, rc'tller than on the gum rldge,...

Documents