Truth in Texas Textbooks Review Editors: Dr. Sandra Alfonsi, Dr. Amy Jo Baker Houghton Mifflin Harcourt/The Americans: United States History Since 1877 (Teachers Edition)/2015 Problem: Bias (B), Omission of Fact (OF), Half-Truth (HT), Factual Error (FE) Page #/Line # Quote Problem Fact & Source 1. Page 2; Chapter 1; the Colonial Era; inset titled Exploration and the Colonial Era The timeline in the referenced section includes a reference date to the Crusades and the establishment of Timbuktu as an Islamic learning center. B These two events are totally unrelated to the content of this section and American history. Its inclusion creates opportunity for a discussion on Islam not relevant to this section. 2. Page 3; Chapter 1; inset titled Interact with History “You live in the 15 th century. Your society hunts freely, grows crops of great variety and trades with nearby cultures. Now you sense your world is about to change. You see ships approaching…” B, HT The text establishes bias with the untrue implication that Native Americans lived an idyllic, peaceful lifestyle prior to the advent of the Europeans. Source: “North American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence’; uapress.arizona.edu; excerpt from text -“In rebutting that contention, this groundbreaking book presents clear evidence—from multiple academic disciplines—that indigenous populations engaged in warfare and ritual violence long 1
Transcript
Truth in Texas Textbooks ReviewEditors: Dr. Sandra Alfonsi, Dr. Amy Jo Baker
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt/The Americans: United States History Since 1877 (Teachers Edition)/2015Problem: Bias (B), Omission of Fact (OF), Half-Truth (HT), Factual Error (FE)
1; the Colonial Era; inset titled Exploration and the Colonial Era
The timeline in the referenced section includes a reference date to the Crusades and the establishment of Timbuktu as an Islamic learning center.
B These two events are totally unrelated to the content of this section and American history. Its inclusion creates opportunity for a discussion on Islam not relevant to this section.
2. Page 3; Chapter 1; inset titled Interact with History
“You live in the 15th century. Your society hunts freely, grows crops of great variety and trades with nearby cultures. Now you sense your world is about to change. You see ships approaching…”
B, HT The text establishes bias with the untrue implication that Native Americans lived an idyllic, peaceful lifestyle prior to the advent of the Europeans. Source: “North American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence’; uapress.arizona.edu; excerpt from text -“In rebutting that contention, this groundbreaking book presents clear evidence—from multiple academic disciplines—that indigenous populations engaged in warfare and ritual violence long before European contact.”
Inset provides a description and history of Islam B Not only religion practiced by West African inhabitants and practiced mostly by Northern Africans. The focus of the section is on West Africa and not a specific religion or ideology. Inappropriate to spotlight one religion or even to discuss monotheistic religions. Many of the West Africans practiced some form of an ‘indigenous religion.’ Source: Britannica.com
Source: exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu; While Christianity and Islam were introduced to West Africa, there were many and varied religious beliefs too complex and numerous to list; excerpt from text - “Obviously many people practice ‘indigenous
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religions’ in West Africa.”4. Page 9; Chapter
1, Section 1; section titled “Trading Patterns with the Wider World.”
Text neglects to address the Islamic slave trade that was part of the established trade between Northern Africa and Western Africa.
B, OF Source: Britannica.com; Slavery did not begin with import of slaves to North America. Excerpt from text - “Approximately 18 million Africans were delivered into the Islamic trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slave trades between 650 and 1905.”
5. Page 10; Chapter 1, Section 1; European Societies of the 1400s; Christianity Shapes the European Outlook.
“In 1096, Christian armies from all over Western Europe responded to the churches call to force the Muslims out of the Holy Land around Jerusalem.”
B, HT This quote is a perfect example of Islamist Crusade Revisionism. The Crusades were a call to retake the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Arab Muslims conquered Palestine from the Christians in 636. They were intolerant of Jews and Christians. The treatment of the Christians and Jews as dhimmis, or second-class citizens, was codified in Muslim law with the Pact of Umar II (c. 717). With the launching of the Crusades, the Christians took back the region in 1099 and dominated it until the Mamluk Muslims, who originated in Egypt, took it in 1291. The Mamluk Muslims hated the Christians. The Turkish Muslims did not take control of the land until 1517.
Thomas F. Madden, The New Concise History of the Crusades – Updated Student Edition, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.Bat Ye’or, Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. NJ: Fairleigh University Press, 2002.
6. Page 36; Chapter 1, Section 4; paragraph titled “Effects of the Great Awakening and Enlightenment”; 1st sentence
“Although the Great Awakening emphasized emotionalism and the Enlightenment empathized reason, the two movements had similar consequences.”
FE, OF The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment did not have similar consequences. The Great Awakening was a direct response to the negative impact of the Enlightenment on religious belief and religious practice.
In the 1700s, a European philosophical movement, called the Enlightenment, swept America. Also called the Age of Reason, this era laid the foundation for a scientific, rather than religious, worldview. Freedom of conscience was at the heart of this struggle against old regimes and old ways of thinking, and it changed the way people viewed authority. In the same way, a religious revival, called the Great Awakening, changed the way people thought about their
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relationship with the divine, with themselves and with other people. The Enlightenment engaged the mind, but the Great Awakening engaged the heart.
The Great Awakening pushed individual religious experience over established church doctrine, thereby decreasing the importance and weight of the clergy and the church in many instances. New denominations arose or grew in numbers as a result of the emphasis on individual faith and salvation.
“Native Americans, however, remained on the fringes of the revolution, preferring to remain independent and true to their own cultures.”
FE Source: Page 59 of this text; 3rd paragraph – “Most Native Americans supported the British because they viewed colonial settlers as a greater threat to their lands.”
8. Page 71; Chapter 2, Section 3; Section 4 titled “Continued Relevance of the Constitution” 2nd sentence
“It is a ‘living’ document, capable of meeting the changing needs of Americans.”
FE The Constitution is a legal document. It provides the framework for our constitutional republic. The Founding Fathers did recognize that extenuating circumstances could arise that they had not anticipated. With that in mind, they did provide for an amendment process. See page 83 of this text, section titled “5. Allow for change.”
9. Page 71; Chapter 2, Section 3; Section 4 titled “Continued Relevance of the Constitution” 3rd paragraph; 1st sentence
“Since its ratification, the US Constitution has served as a model for other democracies.”
FE The use of the word ‘other’ implies that the US is a democracy when we are in fact a constitutional republic. We suggest that the publisher remove the adjective “other” to make this acceptable.
“In addition to disasters such as the World Trade Center bombing in 2001, floods, droughts, hurricanes, earthquakes and tornadoes can be classified as incidents of ‘domestic violence’.”
B, FE There were two bombings of the World Trade Center, the first in 1993 and the second in 2001. Neither one was a disaster. Both were the result of Jihadist attacks on the United States and Western society. Neither was the result of domestic violence which the Department of Justice defines as “domestic violence as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone.” http://www.justice.gov/ovw/domestic-violence.
Floods, droughts, hurricanes, earthquakes and tornadoes certainly do not qualify as “incidents of domestic violence.” They are designated as “natural disasters” or “acts of God” and have absolutely no relationship to Jihadist or Islamist terrorist attacks. The publisher seems unable or unwilling to define the bombings of the World Trade Center as such.
The bombing of the World Trade Center occurred in 1993 and was committed by avowed terrorists. The 9/11 attack in 2001 was carried out with planes and was also committed by avowed terrorists associated with al Qaeda and Osama bin laden.
See page 197 of this text in inset title, “Entering the 21st Century.”
12. Page 119; Chapter 3, Section 1; section
“However, judges have an important role in deciding what the law is and how it is carried out.”
FE The role of the Supreme Court is judicial and its sole task is to determine whether or not laws approved by Congress abide by the intent of the US Constitution
titled “Historical Impact.”; last sentence of 2nd paragraph
i.e. is the law constitutional? They are not authorized to enforce the law nor legislate from the bench.
Source: law.cornell.edu/constitution; Excerpt from text – “Article 3, Section 1. The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.”
HT True, but important to note that the rejection and persecution had less to do with their belief in God but more in their belief in and practice of polygamy.
“Despite peaceful cooperation between Anglos and Tejanos, differences over cultural issues intensified between Anglos and the Mexican government.”
B, HT The statement minimizes the seriousness of the issues involved and tends to erroneously segregate the players by race. A number of early Texans were Mexicans called Tejanos that sided with the Anglo immigrants against the Mexican government. The dispute was over economic issues, representation, the Constitution of 1824 and religious issues.
“Mexico, which had abolished slavery in 1829, insisted in vain that the Texans free their slaves.”
FE, B Misstates historical fact and oversimplifies a complex issue involving Mexico’s form of “slavery” creating a bias in the mind of the reader. Source: tshaonline.org/handbook/MexicanTexas – Excerpt from text: “Since the mid-1820s, the three groups opposed to the Law of April 6 mentioned above had lobbied for the recognition of human bondage. They had succeeded in 1828 when the legislature, noting
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the scarcity of field laborers in the state of Coahuila and Texas, decreed that slaves could be brought to Texas under indenture contracts; in Texas, they would work to pay the slave owner for their freedom. Thus was Mexico's own form of economic bondage-debt peonage-utilized to rationalize the existence of slavery. On September 15 of the next year President Vicente Ramón Guerrero issued the Guerrero Decree, which expressly prohibited enslavement in every form. This move revealed the president's humanitarianism, but might also have been designed to control the flow of immigration from the United States. Political leaders in Texas and Coahuila remonstrated, however, and Guerrero excluded Texas from slave manumission by a decree on December 2, 1829. “
The words “rebel” or “rebels” is used to describe Texans
B Sana Ana was the aggressor. Mexicans, Tejanos, and Anglo Texans joined together to resist the aggression. It would be more appropriate to refer to them simply as “Texans.” They were fighting initially to uphold the Mexican Constitution of 1824 that Santa Anna had ruthlessly destroyed.
“Huge wartime demand helped launch…Philip Amour, oi mogul, John D. Rockefeller…”
typo The word “oi” is truncated and should be “oil” in referencing Rockefeller.
20. Page 200; Chapter 5,
“Until the 1860s, the migratory Indians of Montana-including the Blackfeet shown here-
FE,B False. The Blackfeet were a hostile tribe that warred against all. See text below. The referenced statement
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Introduction; “Changes on the Western Frontier” description text on collage
followed the buffalo herds and traded peacefully with the whites in the region.”
creates a bias in portraying the Blackfeet Indians as victims who only wanted to be friends with the whites.
Source: britannca.com ; Excerpt from text – “…among the first Algonquian-language speakers to move westward from timberland to open grassland, the Blackfoot probably migrated on foot using wooden travois drawn by dogs to transport their goods. In the early 18th century they were pedestrian buffalo hunters living in the Saskatchewan valley about 400 miles (645 km) east of the Rocky Mountains. They acquired horses and firearms before 1750. Driving weaker tribes before them, the Blackfoot pushed westward to the Rockies and southward into what is now Montana. At the height of their power, in the first half of the 19th century, they held a vast territory extending from northern Saskatchewan to the southernmost headwaters of the Missouri River. The Blackfoot were known as one of the strongest and most-aggressive military powers on the northwestern Plains. For a quarter of a century after 1806, they prevented British, French, and American fur traders, whom they regarded as poachers, from trapping in the rich beaver country of the upper tributaries of the Missouri. At the same time, they warred upon neighbouring tribes, capturing horses and taking captives.”
21. Page 202; Chapter 5, Section 1; paragraph tiled, “the Culture of the Plains Indians.” 4th sentence
“In fact, distinctive, and highly developed Native American ways of life existed on the Great Plains…”
B, FE Prior to European contact there was evidence of agriculture on the Great Plains; but after contact most of the Plains Indians were nomadic hunters.Minnis, Paul E. People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America. University of Arizona Press, 2010.
22. Page 230 After the Civil War, the United States was still largely an agricultural nation. By the 1920s – a mere 60 years later – it had become the leading industrial power in the world. This immense
OF Gives no credit to the free market system in the US Individual incentive was a by-product of the free
industrial boom was due to several factors, including a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing urban population that provided both cheap labor and market for new products.
23. Page 257 Discussing Angel Island Immigrants subjected to “harsh questioning” and “long waits”.
HT The harshness of questioning and waiting time is subjective and relative. To portray as factual is misleading.
Publisher needs to provide information to substantiate the accusation of “harsh questioning.”
24. Page 257 Discussing Migration within America. African-Americans migrating during the “Great Migration” … to escape Southern Persecution…
HT The “Great Migration” was primarily an economic migration as the nation became less agricultural and industrialized. Racial strife was a secondary reason.
25. Page 258 Discussing immigrants thinking of themselves as “hyphenated Americans”
FE Hyphenated American is phrase popularized by former president Theodore Roosevelt during World War I -- at a time the U.S. was neutral and had not entered the war -- to criticize Americans who had some loyalties to the countries of their ancestors
He used it only to attack German-Americans and Irish-Americans
It is commonly considered "politically correct" in the United States to refer to blacks as "African-American", those with Asian ancestry as "Asian-American", etc
Critics say that it exalts foreign culture, language and national identity over historically American values and identity.
Americans did not, in any large numbers, begin to use “hyphenated American” terminology until the late 1960s.
Hayes, T. Illegal Immigration Threatens U.S. Sovereignty, Economy and Culture News World Communications, Inc., (2000)
26. Page 306 Why It Matters Now “Progressive reforms in areas such as labor and voting rights reinforced democratic principles that continue to exist today.”
HT Does not define what these democratic principles are and therefore, cannot provide an alternative viewpoint.
27. Page 308 “Though most progressives distanced…….saw the truth of Debs criticisms Incorrect
word”
It should more fairly state “saw validity in some of Debs’ criticisms”.
Incorrect Word
28. Page 312 DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS It was the success of the direct primary that paved the way for the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution. Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen its own United States senators, which put even more power in the hands of party bosses and wealthy corporation heads. To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators. At first, the Senate refused to go along with the idea, but gradually more and more states began allowing voters to nominate senatorial candidates in direct primaries. As a result, Congress approved the Seventeenth Amendment in 1912. Its ratification in 1913 made direct election of senators the law of the land.
Each of these measures was designed to make politicians more accountable to voters and to give Americans more of a voice. As a whole, they have become powerful tools with which voters can influence public policy. Additionally, government reform drew increased numbers of women into public life. It also focused renewed attention on the issue of woman suffrage.
HT / OF Doesn’t discuss the reason the founders had the senators appointed by the states.
It should state “as required by the U.S. Constitution, at that time”.
29. Page 324 In the section More About Booker T. Washington, it is said he was comfortable with Jim Crow laws of the time.
FE The Atlanta Exposition speech of 1895, to which the text refers, makes no such statement.
30. Page 327 The excerpt from Lincoln Steffens’ “Shame of the Cities” has, bracketed [Republican political].
FE/B The brackets are not in the text in his book. Many teachers and few, if any, students would know that the brackets are inserted by the author of the textbook.
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31. Page 331 The statement that Wilson would have won, anyway, is incorrect.
FE If the Republicans and Progressives had united behind a single candidate, Republicans would have had 366 electoral votes and Wilson only 165. Wilson would not have been elected.
32. Chapter 10, Section 1, Page 342
Queen LiliuokalaniMore than 160 US sailors and marines stood ready to aid the haoles (white foreigners) who planned to overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy.
OF No info or question on whether Hawaii was governed under the Queen and whether the people of Hawaii are better off now than if the monarchy remained in place. The size of the deposing force seems to indicate there was little Hawaiian opposition to the overthrow.
33. Chapter 10, Section 1, Page 344
BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORITYSome Americans…belief in racial superiority of Anglo Saxons. In addition, Protestant Christian Missionaries felt they had a moral duty to convert others to their beliefs.
B America was becoming a melting pot of other than Anglo Saxons. Some Americans…how many? Protestant Christian Missionaries were following the command of Jesus Christ to preach the Gospel to all nations.
34. Chapter 10, Section 3, Page 356
Creating Posters for a Rally protesting US Imperialism in Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and China.
B This activity instills anti-America sentiment in students and it should be eliminated.
To state that the US may have had ambitions that hurt other cultures is one thing, but to have students create posters protesting against a historical past is ridiculous. Puerto Rico is friendly with the US today and so is the Philippines. Cuba eventually went to a dictatorship (Batista) and then the repressive Fidel Castro regime. The Boxer rebellion in China was against all foreigners, not just the US.
35. Chapter 11, SKILL, Page 407 SK2
ANSWERING THE SKILL (on right hand column)Russia replaced a repressive monarchy with a representative government.
HT Is this a reference to Aleksander Kerensky and the brief time in power or the Soviet Communist Bolshevik Revolution?
Although there was a brief attempt at democracy, the communist revolution that followed was anything but representative and more brutal than the monarchy had been. Later under Stalin, especially more brutal.
Roy Aleksandrovich Medvedev published in the weekly tabloid Argumenti i Fakti estimated that the death toll directly attributable to Stalin’s rule amounted to some 20 million lives
36. Ch. 14, Sec. 1p. 465, box captioned:“Tracing ThemesEconomic Opportunity”
Tracing ThemesECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY“….economists credit a full blown agriculture depression in the 1920s as one of the causal factors of the Great Depression that followed the stock market crash.”
OF, FE Agricultural distress in the 1920s is routinely quoted among the causes of the Great Depression. This article challenges the conventional wisdom. World agriculture was not plagued by overproduction and falling terms of trade. The indebtedness of American farmers, a legacy of the boom years 1918-21, did jeopardize the rural banks, but the relation between their crises, the banking panic of 1930, and the Great Depression is tenuous at best.
Giovanni Federico, The Journal of Economic History, 2005 Economic History Association
37. Ch. 14, Sec. 1pgs. 464 - 466
p. 464. “Economic Troubles on the Horizon” p. 465. “Industries in Trouble.” “Farmers Need a Lift.” Consumers have less money to spend.” P. 466. “Living on credit.” “ Uneven Distribution of income”
FE,OF To properly understand the events of the time, it is factually appropriate to view the Great Depression as not one, but four consecutive downturns rolled into one.
Monetary Policy and the Business Cycle The Disintegration of the World Economy The New Deal The Wagner Act www.fee.org and www.mackinac.org Lawrence W. Reed, Great Myths of the Great
Depression
38. Ch. 14, Sec. 1p. 466
“UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME” FE “To support their view that monetary forces caused the Great Depression, Friedman and Schwartz revisited the historical record and identified a series of errors—errors of both commission and omission--made by the Federal Reserve in the late 1920s and early 1930s. According to Friedman and Schwartz, each of these policy mistakes led to an undesirable tightening of monetary policy, as reflected in sharp declines in the money supply. Drawing on their historical evidence about the effects of money on the economy, Friedman and Schwartz argued that the declines in the money stock generated by Fed actions--or inactions--could account for the drops in prices and output that subsequently occurred.2
OF No mention of the depression of 1920/21 and why it lasted for such a short time.
The economic situation in 1920 was grim. By that year unemployment had jumped from 4 percent to nearly 12 percent, and GNP declined 17 percent. No wonder, then, that Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover — falsely characterized as a supporter of laissez-faire economics — urged President Harding to consider an array of interventions to turn the economy around. Hoover was ignored.
Instead of "fiscal stimulus," Harding cut the government's budget nearly in half between 1920 and 1922. The rest of Harding's approach was equally laissez-faire. Tax rates were slashed for all income groups. The national debt was reduced by one-third.
The Federal Reserve's activity, moreover, was hardly noticeable. As one economic historian puts it, "Despite the severity of the contraction, the Fed did not move to use its powers to turn the money supply around and fight the contraction."[2] By the late summer of 1921, signs of recovery were already visible. The following year, unemployment was back down to 6.7 percent and it was only 2.4 percent by 1923. (November 27, 2009Thomas E. Woods, Jr.) (http://mises.org/library/forgotten-depression-1920)
40. Ch. 14, Sec 1, p. 465, Topic“Farmers Need a Life”, 4th paragraph,
President Coolidge vetoed the bill twice. He commented, "Farmers have never made money. I don't believe we can do much about it."
Reasoning Exercise” for the students: “Do you agree or disagree with President Coolidge’s assertion?”
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSIONAn unequal distribution of income.
FE Later scholarship lists other reasons for the Great Depression:
“Though modern myth claims that the free market “self-destructed” in 1929, government policy was the debacle’s principal culprit. If this crash had been like previous ones, the hard timers would have ended in two or three years at the most, and likely sooner than that. But unprecedented political bungling instead prolonged the misery for over 10 years.
Lawrence W. Reed, p. 5 Finally, perhaps the most important lesson of all is
that price stability should be a key objective of monetary policy. By allowing persistent declines in the money supply and in the price level, the Federal Reserve of the late 1920s and 1930s greatly destabilized the U.S. economy and, through the workings of the gold standard, the economies of many other nations as well. www.federalreserve.gov/boardDoc/speeches/2004
42. Ch. 14, Sec. 2,p. 473, 4th para./line 39
“Latinos –mainly Mexicans and Mexican-Americans….Whites demanded that Latinos be deported, or expelled from the country, even though many had been born in America. By the late 1930's, hundreds of thousands or people of Mexican descent relocated to Mexico. Some left voluntarily; others were deported by the federal government.”
OF Who was president when this FEDERAL deportation occurred?
The publisher needs to document the entire section on the deportation of the Latinos.
43. Ch. 14, Sec. 3,p. 479, RightHand Box “KeyPlayer”
KEY PLAYER:Herbert Hoover:Hoover believed in and personified the notion that expertise and rationalization of politics would carry the day. The problem for him was that he was faced with a crisis of unprecedented proportions. Also, Hoover's inherent caution and conservatism insured failure. He failed to recognize the severity of the crisis and to formulate approaches to deal with it. ASK: Why do you think Hoover responded as he did to the stock market crash and resulting depression? (He believed strongly in his principles and was too
FE http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/HooversEconomicPolicies.html
The reality is quite different. Far from being a bystander, Hoover actively intervened in the economy, advocating and implementing polices that were quite similar to those that Franklin Roosevelt later implemented. Moreover, many of Hoover's interventions, like those of his successor, caused the GREAT DEPRESSION to be “great”—that is, to last a long time.
Shortly after the stock market crash in October 1929, Hoover extended federal control over agriculture by expanding the reach of the Federal Farm Board
inflexible to adapt to the new situation at hand.) (FFB), which had been created a few months earlier.7 The idea behind the FFB was to make government-funded loans to farm cooperatives and create “stabilization corporations” to keep farm prices up and deal with surpluses. In other words, it was a cartel plan. That fall, Hoover pushed the FFB into full action, lending to farmers all over the country and otherwise subsidizing farming in an attempt to keep prices up. The plan failed miserably, as subsidies encouraged farmers to grow more, exacerbating surpluses and eventually driving prices way down. As more farms faced dire circumstances, Hoover proposed the further anti-market step of paying farmers not to grow.
Whether or not Hoover's prescriptions were the right medicine—and the evidence suggests that they were not—his programs were a fairly aggressive use of government to address the problems of the depression.12 These programs were hardly what one would expect from a man devoted to “laissez-faire” and accused of doing nothing while the depression worsened.
44. Ch. 14, Sec. 3,p. 479, Right Hand Box"Key Player"
KEY PLAYER:Herbert Hoover:Hoover believed in and personified the notion that expertise and rationalization of politics would carry the day. The problem for him was that he was faced with a crisis of unprecedented proportions. Also, Hoover's inherent caution and conservatism insured failure. He failed to recognize the severity o the crisis and to formulate approaches to deal with it. ASK: Why do you think Hoover responded as he did to the stock market crash and resulting depression? (He believed strongly in his principles and was too inflexible to adapt to the new situation at hand.)
B/FE Conservatism insured failure? See above references.
45. Ch. 15, Sec. 3,p. 507, Topic –Native Americans...
Native Americans received strong government support from the New Deal. In 1924, Native Americans had received full citizenship by law. In 1933, President Roosevelt appointed John Collier as commissioner of Indian affairs.
OF Who was president in 1924 when the Indians received full citizenship?
(Calvin Coolidge)
46. Ch. 15, Sec. 3,p. 508, 4th
paragraph
Not all labor disputes in the 1930s were peaceful. Perhaps the most dramatic incident was the clash at the Republic Steel plant in Chicago on Memorial Day, 1937. Police attacked striking steelworkers outside the plant. One striker, an African-American man, recalled the experience.
OF The publisher needs to include some information on why he included the race of the striker. These are some suggestions:
Why is there no mention of the racist practices of the unions?
New Dealers sought to institute the collective bargaining process by guaranteeing labor the right to organize and to designate representatives for collective bargaining purposes under the auspices of the National Labor Relations Board.16 African American leaders were disappointed that the Wagner Act of 1935 did not contain prohibitions against union race discrimination. In 1930 no more than 50,000 out of 1,500,000 black workers engaged in transportation, extraction of minerals, or manufacturing were members of any trade union. Furthermore, the AFL remained a conservative organization. A large number of member unions did not permit African Americans to join their ranks, and the AFL leadership showed little apparent interest in organizing black and white laborers in mass-production industries.17 (African Americans and the American Labor MovementBy James Gilbert Cassedy), (http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1997/summer/american-labor-movement.html)
47. Ch. 15, Sec. 5,p. 516, Line 1
“Roosevelt faced rising pressure from Congress to scale back New Deal programs, which he did. As a result, industrial production dropped again, and the number of unemployed increased from 7.7 million in 1937 to 10.4 million in 1938. By 1939, the New Deal was effectively over, and Roosevelt was increasingly concerned with events in Europe, particularly Hitler's rise to
HT/OFNeed inclusion of some of the material to the right.
To strengthen his explanation of the depression within the Depression, van den Noord appeals, as have other economists (notably Richard Vedder, Lowell Gallaway, Harold Cole, and Lee Ohanian), to factors that also impressed many analysts at the time: rapidly rising real wage rates caused in large part by the Wagner Act’s stimulus of labor unionization, governments’ tolerance of sit-down strikes, and the
power in Germany.” Roosevelt administration’s vocal hostility—expressed in word and deed—to businesspeople and investors, which caused entrepreneurs and capitalists to fear an impending dictatorship that would greatly weaken or destroy the free-enterprise system. The President’s shrill denunciations of businessmen in 1936 and 1937, his attempt to pack the Supreme Court and reorganize the government, his administration’s stream of tax proposals aimed at fleecing investors, and the New Deal’s many economic regulatory ventures—particularly the Securities and Exchange Commission and the National Labor Relations Board, among many other menacing developments—generated what I call “regime uncertainty,” which helps to explain the extraordinary collapse of investment, especially long-term investment, in 1937 and 1938.
48. Ch. 15, Sec. 5,p. 518, Box:“Now & Then”
Social SecurityToday the Social Security system continues to rely on mandatory contributions paid by workers - through payroll deductions - and by employers. The money is invested in a trust fund, from which retirement benefits are later paid. However, several problems have surfaced. For example, benefits have expanded, and some Americans live longer than they did in 1935. Also, the ratio of workers to retirees is shrinking: fewer people are contributing to the system relative to the number who are eligible to receive benefits. The long-range payment of benefits may be in jeopardy because of the large number of recipients. Continuing disagreement about how to address the costs has prevented legislative action.
HT/OF Since 1983, There is no such thing as an invested Social Security trust fund.
“When excess payroll taxes come into the SSA, the cash is turned over to the Treasury which, in turn, issues interest-bearing bonds to the SSA. The Treasury then spends the cash on welfare, roads, weapons, tax cuts.” this quote from below link
In effect the government is borrowing from itself. The ability of the SSA to redeem the bonds depends entirely on the credit worthiness of the Treasury.
The United States Treasury uses the moneys realized from the issuance of these special securities by the old-age reserve account in the same manner as it does moneys realized from the sale of other Government securities. As long as the budget is not balanced, the net result is to reduce the amounts which the Government has to borrow from banks, insurance companies and other private parties. When the budget is balanced, these moneys will be available for the reduction of the national debt held by the public. The members of the Advisory Council are in
agreement that the fulfillment of the promises made to the wage earners included in the old age insurance system depends upon, more than anything else, the financial integrity of the Government. The members of the Council, regardless of differing views on other aspects of the financing of old-age insurance, are of the opinion that the present provisions regarding the investment of the moneys in the old-age reserve account do not involve any misuse of these moneys or endanger the safety of these funds.[6] (By Paul N. Van de Water Updated August 18, 2014) (http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=3299)
49. Ch. 16, Sec. 1p. 531, line 5
THE NAZIS TAKE OVER GERMANY:In Germany, Adolf Hitler had followed a path to power similar to Mussolini's. At the end of World War I, Hitler had been a jobless soldier drifting around Germany. In 1919, he joined a struggling group called the National Socialist German Workers' Party, better known as the Nazi Party. Despite its name, this party had no ties to socialism.
FE There were many planks of the "Platform of the National-Socialist German Workers' Party which, by any definition, were socialist.
From http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/naziprog.html
From http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/25points.htm "The 25 Points of Hitler's nazi Party (1920)
50. Ch. 17, Sec. 2p. 573
Italian Campaign OF No mention of the contribution of Patton in the Italian campaign. The United States officially entered World War II in December 1941, after the attack on Pearl Harbor. By November 8, 1942, Patton was commanding the Western Task Force, the only all-American force landing for Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of North Africa. After succeeding there, Patton commanded the Seventh Army during the invasion of Sicily in July 1943, and in conjunction with the British Eighth Army restored Sicily to its citizens.
Guadalcanal marked Japan's first defeat on land, but its last. The Americans continued leapfrogging across the pacific toward Japan, and in October 1944, some 178,000 Allied troops and 738 ships converged on Leyte Island in the Philippines. General MacArthur, who had left the Philippines two years earlier, waded ashore and announced, "people of the Philippines: I have returned."
OF, HT "Leapfrogging" is a little unclear. It deserves more explanation. It was a specific tactic. After the American commanders saw how fiercely the Japanese fought for each inch of land it was decided to bypass some islands and conquer the next one in the chain. The bypassed island would wither on the vine due to lack of supplies.
The first Allied efforts at island hopping in World War II met with immense success. Many Japanese isles were isolated and cut off from supply lines. The swift conquest of the Marshall Islands led to many subsequent Allied victories. The superior Allied Navy and submarine corps enabled rapid and secret deployment of forces. ParaDrops also played a major role in this conflict, with paratroopers taking many installations by storm. (http://military.answers.com/military-history/leapfrogging-the-japanese-army-during-world-war-ii)
52. Ch. 18, Sec. 2p. 610
OF,B Although the corruption of Chiang Kai-shek was mentioned several times there is no mention of the slaughter done by Mao and the communists.
from http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/maos-great-leap-forward-killed-45-million-in-four-years-2081630.html (20-dec-2014)
53. Ch. 19, Sec. 2p. 643, Line 13
The Suburban Lifestyle:Though achieving job security did take a psychological toll on some Americans who resented having to repress their own personalities, it also enabled people to provide their families with the so-called good things in life. Most Americans worked in cities, but fewer and fewer of them lived there. New highways and the availability and affordability of automobiles and gasoline made commuting possible. By the early 1960s every large city in the United States was surrounded by suburbs. Of the 13 million new homes built in the 1950s, 85
B Why did the author use the qualifier "so- called" in describing good things in life? Isn't the "American dream” of an affordable single-family house, good schools, a safe, healthy environment for children, and congenial neighbors just like themselves" actual, not so-called, good things in life?
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percent were built in the suburbs. For many people, the suburbs embodied the American bream of an affordable single-family house, good schools, a safe, healthy environment for children, and congenial neighbors just like themselves.
54. Ch. 19, Sec. 2p. 646, Box: “SouthernCalifornia and the Automobile”,Last sentence
But, California is addressing these problems by reviving public transportation systems and promoting the use of electric cars that produce no pollution.
OF, HT Electric cars do produce pollution. Pollution is produced when the power they use is generated. Pollution is created when the batteries they use are made. If the car is a hybrid, pollution is created when the gasoline engine must be run to keep the battery charged
Electric cars create more pollution than gasoline powered vehicles: studyhttp://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/world/2014/12/16/20486989/
55. Ch. 19, Sec. 2p. 651, “INSTRUCT,…Making Personal Connections" Box
MAKING PERSONAL CONNECTIONS:Have students discuss why the suburbs might have been so appealing to many Americans in the postwar era. (Affordable housing, less congested, less polluted, feeling of community, status symbol, more privacy and independence, better schools, less crime, many like to live closer to nature)
HT,OF Lower taxes is not mentioned as a reason to live in the suburbs.
56. Ch. 19, Sec. 3p. 656, Line 28,“HISTORY THROUGH MUSIC “ Box
"HOUND DOG" -A ROCK 'N' ROLL CROSSOVER: Few examples highlight the influence African Americans had on rock 'n' roll - and the lack of credit and compensation they received for their efforts - more than the story of Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton.In 1953, she recorded and released the song "Hound Dog" to little fanfare. She received a mere $500 in royalties. Only three years later, Elvis Presley recorded a version of the tune, which sold millions of records. Despite her contributions, Thornton reaped few rewards and struggled her entire career to make ends meet.
OF,.
She got paid a royalty based upon her contract and the number of records sold. She did not write the song. Elvis's rendition sold millions of copies. That's why he made millions. It's possible that the record producer cheated her or she made a contract to get the $500 up front in lieu of royalties,
In 1953, "Hound Dog" reached number one on the R&B charts, making Thornton a star. The song was also a hit for Elvis Presley, whose 1956 cover targeted a young, white audience. Unlike Presley, however, Thornton received little compensation for her chart-topping performance. (http://www.biography.com/people/big-mama-thornton-40355#early-life-and-career)
57. Chapter 21Page 699Explore the IssuesQuestion #2
Ask students what causes they would fight for when potential violence is involved.
B Students are not prepared to reason out such questions. These are leading questions.
58. Chapter 21Page 700Focus and Motivate Ques.
Ask students whether they would have the courage to demonstrate peacefully for a cause they believed in if there was a possibility of violence.
B Students are not prepared to reason out such questions. These are leading questions.
59. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 1, p.700, Terms and Names
[Listed are Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and left-wing organizations like the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.]
B/OFThis is a good example of Bias through OF
Omitted are conservative Americans whose contributions facilitated Black equality under the law.
Dwight Eisenhower is not recognized for sending federal troops to escort The Little Rock Nine into Central High School in 1957, for appointing liberal Earl Warren as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and for appointing a total of 5 justices who were neither Southerners nor segregationists. He is also not credited for accomplishing Truman’s order for desegregation of a million Black soldiers in just 2 years.
Nichols, David A. “A Matter of Justice.” http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2007/11/21/an_inside_look_at_eisenhowers_civil_rights_record/
60. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 1, p.702, Para. 2
icies.
FE Military non-discrimination occurred after 1948 when Truman signed his Executive Order 9981.
Interpreting the photograph – Ask students to put themselves in the place of Elizabeth Eckford. How do they think they would have felt at the moment this photograph was taken? (Students should infer that fear would be the predominant feeling.)
OF/B How does the textbook prepare the students to understand why Elizabeth Eckford felt fear?
62. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 1, p.703, Para 4.
FE Eisenhower is quoted out of context. He was saying it was nuts to think that laws would force people to change their minds. He always held the personal belief that people must abide by the law and so ordered troops to enforce the court decision.
Nichols, David A. “A Matter of Justice.” http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2007/11/21/an_inside_look_at_eisenhowers_civil_rights_record/
63. Chapter 12Page 704Para 3 Line 2-3
Shepherded by Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, the law gave the attorney general greater power of school desegregation.
OF The publisher needs to identify the law. What kind of power was given the attorney general?
64. Chapter 12Page 704Key Player Rosa Parksparagraph
Ask students how they would have felt in Parks’s place on the Montgomery bus in 1955 (Students will probably say that they would have felt afraid but also determined to undertake such a significant action)
B How does the textbook prepare the students to understand why Rosa Parks felt fear and why she had courage to react?
65. Chapter 12Page 705Martin Luther King Par 3 Line 1
“We will not hate you,” King said to white racists,
OF/B This term, “white racist” is used by the author and it is not part of the quote.
66. Chapter 12Page 706Martin LutherBiography1929-1968Par 2 Line 3
Yet there was a side of King unknown to most people—his inner battle to overcome his hatred of the white bigots. As a youth, he had once vowed “to hate all white people”.
OF/HT Where can the quote “to hate all white people” be found?.
67. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 1, p.706, Next to Last Para.
OF Omitted is discussion of the Black Power and violence that the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee espoused starting in 1967 under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael and later H. Rap Brown, a.k.a. Jamil Al-Amin.
68. Chapter 12Page 708Focus and MotivateCritical Thinking
Have students discuss whether there was any way that separate educational facilities could ever be considered equal. Then ask them how important educatiwon is to achieving opportunities.
Mis-spellingOf education.
Take out the word “ever”, to read; “…facilities could be considered equal.”
69. Chapter 12Page 710Focus & Motivate
Ask students to recall a time when they, or someone they know, took an unpopular stand. Have volunteers explain the situation, motivation, and results to class.
How does the textbook prepare the students to understand the meaning of “an unpopular stand”?
70. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 2, p. 711, Right Sidebar
OF, B. Omitted from the Student Edition is this information in the Teachers’ Edition. It shows Kennedy as a white man who cared and in effect tells the students that some whites were on their side. Although the Student Edition refers to the Kennedy’s as angry or shocked, it emphasizes white brutality as if it were universal.
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71. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 2, p. 712
OF, B The publisher should remove the photo. This photo is written about in Visual Persuasion: The
Media’s Use of Images in Framing People Groups by Caitlin O’Donnellhttp://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/academics/communications/research/vol4no1/05ODonnellEJSpring13.pdf
72. Chapter 21Page 714More ViolencePar2 Line 1
Two months later an assassin shot and killed John F. Kennedy.
OF Name of assassin not given Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated President Kennedy.
73. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 2, p. 716,Teachers Box at bottom, Number 4 Evaluating.
OF and FE Omitted in the last sentence is that African Americans were not granted rights by the original U.S. Constitution and that it was not until the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments that slavery, citizenship and voting rights were granted.
The obvious correction would be to re-write the last sentence as “They restored rights granted to African Americans by the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments.”
74. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 2, p. 717, End Para 4
Angry and frustrated over the difficulty in finding jobs and decent housing, some participated in riots that broke out between 1964 and 1966.
OF/B Unemployment and poor housing are not the only causes of riots. Some may riot for those reasons. Others may riot for the sheer fun of it, or for mob psychology, or the chance to loot.
Neighborhoods in disrepair can be a magnet for disorder. http://www.sciences360.com/index.php/evaluating-broken-windows-theory-of-crime-16072/
75. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 2, p. 717, Box on Tracing Themes
HT Equating equal opportunity, i.e. the right to earn a decent living, with a guaranteed outcome, i.e. freedom from economic want, is convoluting 2 entirely different concepts. The Founders did not have to guarantee equal opportunity because they had already claimed it in the Declaration of Independence with the right to the pursuit of happiness, then interpreted by all to include pursuing livelihood and the right to own the property. They never meant to guarantee adequate incomes. Adding that concept promotes bias for a modern welfare state that exceeds a safety net.
76. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 719. Par 1
OF, B Neither the text nor the picture captions of Watts or Detroit give the proximate cause of the riots, leaving the reader to blame “police brutality”, which is mentioned repeatedly throughout the chapter.
The McCone Commission report states that a black motorist stopped a white motorcycle highway patrolman to report a black drunk driver. The officer stopped the drunk near his own house not in Watts, and the drunk’s mother ran out of the house and jumped on the officer’s back. A black crowd of thousands later assembled in Watts and looted and burned the black neighborhood. http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/cityinstress/mccone/part4.html
The omitted details about Watts can be corrected by including a side box about them
77. Chapter 21 Civil Rights 1954-1968 Sec. 3, p. 719. last sentence in box about Malcolm X
He developed a philosophy of black superiority and separatism from whites…Although silenced by gunman. Malcolm X is a continuing inspiration for many Americans.
B Omitted is that Malcolm X changed his philosophy from advocating Black Power to promoting racial cooperation and brotherhood, so angering the radical blacks. http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/assassins/malcolm_x/2.html
His house was firebombed and shortly later he was shot by members of the Nation of Islam. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/malcolm-x-assassinated
On p. 720, there are accurate facts about Malcolm X, so a correction of page 19 would be to omit the misleading box.
In Mecca, he [Malcolm X] learned that Orthodox Islam preached racial equality, and he worshipped alongside people from many countries.
FE/B Orthodox Islam does not preach racial equality. Islam encourages a structured, ordered society
where some have authority over others. The Quran states, "O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.".(The Quran 49:13 - English translation by Saheeh International ) Louise Marlow's Hierarchy and Egalitarianism in Islamic Thought compares the egalitarianism of early Islam to current practice; within Islam, many members of the Quraish, an Arabic tribe have a special hereditary role as Sayyed (not open to other nations), due to their descent from the Prophet Mohammed through his daughter Fatimah, which gives them social advantages which not all races can have
79. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 720. Last Sentence
[below quote refers to Black Panther members] OF, B Omitted is that a higher % of blacks than whites enlisted voluntarily.
Omitted also is that although the % of black casualties relative to total population was a point higher than that of whites at the beginning of the war, commanders worked to lessen them and final figures for the whole war do not support the idea that blacks suffered disproportionately.
80. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 720. Kwanzza in bottom teacher’s box.
Purpose To gain a richer cultural understanding of an African-American cultural celebration.
OF, B Although it is true that Kwanzaa was created by an African-American to welcome the first harvests and oppose the commercialism of Christmas, the teacher should also know that it did not start in any of the 55 African countries and is not an African holiday.
Source is the African Studies program at the Univ. of Wisconsin. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/K-12/Kwanzaa_What_16661.html
81. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 720. Box on Carmichael.
Reviewer’s commentThe entire box about Carmichael says nothing about his radical later years, so leads students to think he was just another civil rights advocate.
OF Omitted is his communist connection, his abandoning SNCC to become Prime Minister of the Black Panthers, his black supremacism, and his leaving the US because of refusal to work with the radical white affiliates of the Panthers. http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_stokely_carmichael_1941_1998/
82. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 720. Box on Black Panthers
Reviewer’s CommentBox fails to mention the illegal and terrorist Black Panther activities
OF Violent revolutionary organization of the 1960s and 1970s
Its members engaged in drug dealing, pimping, rape, extortion, assault, and murder.
Aimed to harass the police, to protest against “police brutality” and America’s allegedly racist power structure, and ultimately to ignite a violent race war in the United States
It is estimated that during their radical heyday, the Panthers killed more than a dozen peopleAs Panther leader Eldridge Cleaver acknowledged in a June 15, 1997 Sixty Minutes interview: “If people had listened to Huey Newton and me in the 1960s, there would have been a holocaust in this country.”
Excerpted and adapted from “Baddest: The Life and Times of Huey P. Newton” (Chapter 5 of Destructive Generation, by Peter Collier and David Horowitz, 1989.)
Dressed in black leather jackets, black berets, and sunglasses, the panthers preached self-defense and sold copies of the writings of Mao Zedong, leader of the Chinese communist revolution. Several police shootouts occurred between the Panthers and police, and the FBI conducted numerous investigations of group members (sometimes using illegal tactics). Even so, many of the panthers’ activities—the establishment of daycare centers, free breakfast programs, free medical clinics, assistance to the homeless, and other services – won support in the ghettos.
FE/OF/B It is factually wrong to use the term “police shootouts” instead of just “shootouts” when one group is shooting at another.
There is no fact to back up the charge of illegal tactics, which can only serve to create hatred of the FBI and law enforcement.
A correct sentence would be: There were several shootouts between panthers and police and the FBI investigated group members.
Robert Kennedy himself was assassinated by a Jordanian immigrant who was angry over Kennedy’s support of Israel
OF Name of assassin should be given: Sirhan Sirhan
85. Chapter 21Page 722Unfinished WorkPar 1 Line 10-12
Public support declined because some whites were frightened by the urban riots and the Black panthers
OF Unsubstantiated opinion that some whites were frightened by riots and Black Panthers.
No reference to fact that many Black parents opposed the results of the civil rights movement such as forced busing.
86. Chapter 21Page 722Par 1 Line 7
However, Johnson administration ignored many of the recommendations because of white opposition to such sweeping changes.
OF/B No explanation as to why there was white opposition or what is entailed.
Students are led to believe that because whites are racists they opposed the recommendations.
87. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 722, Last full Para, Lines 7-10
Some of the proposed solutions [Reviewer’s explanation: to the unfinished work of the civil rights movement] such as more tax monies spent in the inner cities and the forced busing of school children, angered some whites, who resisted further changes.
OF, B Omitted is that some blacks also opposed busing. "...Busing teaches our children a terrible lesson. Rather than eliminating racial discrimination, busing promotes it by teaching children that the government should treat them differently on the basis of their race." (Charlotte Observer 08/12/99 by Marc Levin and Ed Blum) http://www.adversity.net/special/busing.htm
“A 1974 Gallup poll showed that less than 25% of the general population and only 32% of blacks supported forced busing to achieve integration. http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/essays/general/with-little-deliberate-speed/busing-and-conclusions.php
Omitted is that in 1997 Black parents in Louisville had gone to court to stop busing that was threatening to close their beloved Black Central High School. In 2007 the U.S Supreme Court ruled in response to that case that race alone could no longer be used to assign students to schools. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2013/02/07/why-some-black-families-led-the-charge-against-school-desegregation/
89. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 722, Par 1 Lines5-8
[Reviewer’s comment referring to Kerner Commission] The report called for the nation to create new jobs, construct new housing and end de facto segregation in order to wipe out the destructive ghetto environment. However, the Johnson Administration ignored many of the recommendations because of white opposition to such sweeping changes.
OF, FE, B Omitted is that the authors of the Kerner Commission were liberal elites who urged massive redistribution of income and welfare benefits. Omitted is that the Commission parroted the Johnson Administration conclusion 3 years earlier blaming white racism for causing black ghettos. Omitted is any analysis of why liberal Detroit blew up while more segregated Birmingham did not. Omitted is a study of the black community, such as the rise of out-of-wedlock births and disintegration of the family, as a cause for dysfunctional young men’s rioting.
Source is Stephan Thernstrom is Winthrop Professor of history at Harvard University at http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report
It is unsubstantiated opinion, not fact, to say that the Johnson Administration ignored many of the recommendations because of white opposition.
90. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 723, Last sentence, next to last Para.
The fate of affirmative action is still to be decided.
OF/B This book is being used in the 2015 school year so there is no excuse for not citing the 2003 Supreme Court Michigan decision that race was only one factor in law school admissions and extra points could not be assigned solely for race. http://www.cnn.com/2003/fyi/news/06/25/scotus/
Omitted also is the 2013 Supreme Court decision forcing University of Texas admissions to subject race to “strict scrutiny”. http://www.cnn.com/2003/fyi/news/06/25/scotus/
91. Chap 21. Civil Rights 1954-1968. Sec. 3, p. 724. Resources - Books
Reviewer Comment. The resources and books present the liberal view of civil rights. The first book by Belz is about rights after the Civil War, which period is not even in this book
OF, B Omitted is the conservative view of civil rights, such as that presented by Ben Carson or Thomas Sowell. Sowell wrote that the advancement of blacks in general occupations was greater in the ‘40’s with no civil rights movement than in the ‘50’s when the civil rights movement was in its heyday. http://fee.org/freeman/detail/race-inequality-and-the-market
Solve this bias by including books by authors like Thomas Sowell, Walter Williams and Ben Carson.
Even as it does so, the United States continues to struggle to fulfill for all Americans the lofty ideals established by the founders.
OF What are the “lofty ideals” established by the founders that this line is referring to?
93. Chapter 21Page 724The 14th AmendmentPar 3 all
Despite these provisions, African Americans and other groups would still struggle to claim their full rights as U.S. citizens.
OF What “other groups”? Claim what “full rights”?
94. Chapter 21Page 725Thinking Critically#1
#1 – ….Based on what you have read in the chapter, how were these rights denied African Americans? How were they finally secured?
How are the students prepared to differentiate between the use of Laws to deprive African Americans of these rights and the passage of Laws to secure these rights for them?
95. Chapter 21
Page 725Thinking Critically#2
Have you or anyone you known had their civil rights denied them in any way? Research a current-day instance of an alleged civil rights injustice.
Has the textbook defined and given examples of an “alleged civil rights injustice?”
This is Agenda building
96. Chapter 21Page 725Making personal connectionsQuestions 2&3
Ask them what full rights they are denied as minors.Do they think the denial of their full rights is appropriate? Why or why not?
Has the textbook discussed the rights of an adult vs. the rights of a minor? If so then the students would know that the only rights a minor would not have were the right to vote and also to go to war.
97. Chapter 21Page 726The Triumphs of a Crusade #4
Cite 3 examples of violence committed between 1962 and 1964 against African Americans and civil rights activists.
B Agenda building by the author
98. Chapter 21Page 726Critical thinking #2
Summarizing Political organizations such as the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party gave African Americans a chance to organize and spread the word about inequities in the political process. The Black Panthers worked against police brutality and created social services to help African Americans in the ghettos.
OF/B “Spread the word” does not represent facts. The Black Panthers were criminals and this
paragraph depicts them as social workers..
99. Chapter 22Page 728Question #3.
Ask students to consider the fairness of drafting men only?
Is the purpose of this question to start a discussion of women’s rights? If so are the students prepared to do so?
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100. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975. Sec.1, p.731, Activity box at bottom
Reviewer Comment. It seems inappropriate to spend a class period on
studying the Chinese conquest of Vietnam in the middle ages. Students would better spend time on the modern era affecting U.S. History, especially when later in the chapter an important event such as the U.S. military victory under Gen. Abrams is omitted
101. Chapter 22Page 731Ho Chi MinhPar 2 all
Ho Chi Minh based the phrasing of the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence on the U.S. Declaration of Independence. His admiration for the United States turned to disappointment, however, after the government chose to support France rather than his nationalist movement.
OF No explanation of his “nationalist movement” The reader is led to believe that since Minh admired
the U.S., the U.S. was wrong to not support communism.
102. Chapter 22Page 731Par 3 Line 2
Ho Chi Minh returned home and helped form the Vietminh, an organization whose goal it was to win Vietnam’s independence from foreign rule.
OF The Vietminh was a militant group that planned to spread communism throughout Vietnam
103. Chapter 22Page 732Par 2 Line 2
In the wake of France’s retreat, the United States took a more active role in halting the spread of communism in Vietnam. Wading deeper into the countries affairs,…
B “Wading deeper into the countries affairs” is leading the student to believe that what the U.S. was trying to accomplish was wrong.
104. Chapter 22Page 732Diem Cancels ElectionsPar 2 Line 3
Diem, a devout Catholic, angered the majority Buddhist population by restricting Buddhist practices.
B/OF No mention of what Buddhist practices were being restricted
105. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975. Sec.1, p.732, Para 3
Diem Cancels Elections OF Later in paragraph Diem is identified as “south Vietnam’s president” with no information having been given as to how he became president after the Japanese retreat.
There needs to be a side box for him similar to the one for Ho Chi Minh.
106. Chapter 22Page 734Picture
Caption: A Buddhist monk sets himself on fire in a busy Saigon intersection in 1963 as a protest against the Diem regime.
B This picture is NOT necessary in a school textbook. Publisher asks the student to interpret this picture
(Most people were horrified.)
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107. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975. Sec.1, p.734, Activity at bottom of Page
Reviewer’s comment. Here again is a diversion of student attention from
America’s complicated situation in Vietnam to a study of Buddhism. This is not a class in comparative religions.
108. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975. Sec.1, p.734, Para 3, Line 3
Against Kennedy’s wishes, Diem was assassinated.
OF Omitted is what group assassinated him and why Kennedy had anything to do with the killing.
109. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975. Sec.1, p.735, 2nd sentence
The crew [reviewer: of the Maddux] spotted enemy torpedoes and began firing.
OF Omitted is what they began firing at.
110. Chapter 22Page 735Par 2 Line 1
The alleged attacks on U.S. ships prompted President Johnson to launch bombing strikes on North Vietnam.
OF “alleged attacks”? Biased use of alleged. Officers in the naval chain of command and U.S.
leaders in Washington were persuaded by interpretation of special intelligence and reports from the ships that North Vietnamese naval forces had attacked the two destroyers.
Tonkin Gulf Resolution – While not a declaration of war, it granted Johnson broad military powers in Vietnam. Some felt it altered the U.S. Constitution’s system of checks and balances…
OF Broad military powers needs to be defined. Of greater significance, on 7 August 1965 the U.S.
Congress overwhelmingly passed the so-called Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which enabled Johnson to employ military force as he saw fit against the Vietnamese Communists. In the first months of 1965, the President ordered the deployment to South Vietnam of major U.S. ground, air, and naval forces. Thus began a new phase in America's long, costly Vietnam War
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq120-1.htm
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112. Chapter 22Page 735Par 3 Line 1
Johnson did not tell Congress or the American people that the Maddox had been in the gulf of Tonkin to collect information for secret raids against North Vietnam. Furthermore, Johnson had prepared the resolution months beforehand and was only waiting for the chance to push it through Congress.
OF Author is leading the students to believe President Johnson did something wrong.
In response to the actual attack of 2 August and the suspected attack of 4 August, the President ordered Seventh Fleet carrier forces to launch retaliatory strikes against North Vietnam. On 5 August, aircraft from carriers Ticonderoga and USS Constellation (CVA 64) destroyed an oil storage facility at Vinh and damaged or sank about 30 enemy naval vessels in port or along the coast.
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq120-1.htm 113. Chap 22.
Vietnam War Years 1954-1975. Sec.2, p. 737
OF Reviewer’s comment. On this page Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk and George Ball are mentioned in passing. There is no further information given about their roles in the war or peace. If students are expected to answer questions about them, more information is needed about their significance.
114. Chapter 22Page 737General William Westmoreland
Westmoreland, claiming he was the victim of distorted, false and specious information …derived by sinister deception, filed a $120 million libel suit against CBS. The suit was eventually settled, with both parties issuing statements pledging mutual respect. CBS however, stood by its story.(underlining by reviewer)
OF/B No facts presented A law suit was filed and the parties pledged mutual
respect. And yet the author of this textbook and CBS do not respect that decision.
115. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975. Sec 2, p.737. Side Box More About ARVN
…ARVN failed to develop the commitment and will necessary to persevere and win a war.
FE After training under the leadership of Americans now commanded by Gen’l Abrams the ARVN fought well and re-captured territory from the VietCong.
http://vnafmamn.com/lost_victory.html
116. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 2, p.737.The whole page, text and side box re Westmoreland
Reviewer’s Comment. Gen’l Westmoreland is discussed in both text and side box. There is no mention or box about Gen’l Abrams. Abrams led our forces from 1968-1972 with results Westmoreland had never achieved.
OF Omitted are troop achievements under Abrams of winning against the Tet and also winning the 1972 Easter offensive. Omitted also is Abrams’ success in replacing the failed mass attack method of Westmoreland with the successful small-unit attacks on the north’s supply bases.
http://vnafmamn.com/lost_victory.html The conclusion of the war is not discussed in detail
again for another 20 pages in the text, until page 758
The information about Abrams’ success needs discussing here or around page 758 to show how the press manipulated the public on the war.
117. Chapter 22Page 739Now and ThenLand Mines
Ask students why land mines continue to be a problem during peace time in many places in the world. (Land mines continue to kill longer after a war is over).
B/OF Are the students prepared to connect what occurs in the future to what occurred in the past?
118. Chapter 22Page 740Par 2 Line 5
Low morale even led a few soldiers to murder their officers.
OF This statement is not in parenthesis. It is not a quote. What is it?
There are no facts to back up this statement. Names of murdered officers? I would eliminate this.
119. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 2, p.741. Para 1, Last sentence.
Vietnam was slowly claiming an early casualty:Johnson’s grand vision of domestic reform.
OF/B Johnson’s War on Poverty was failing already without any help from Vietnam.
The largest transfer of wealth in history between 1965 and 1970 did not decrease the poverty rate as intended. It destroyed the Black family, encouraged illegitimacy, and deprived many of pride in working.
120. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 3, p. 742, Top Box on left
HT Although it is true that the media and authors called Vietnam a working-class war because of draft deferrals for college and lack of a draft lottery until Gen. Hershey was replaced, thousands of middle and upper class soldiers also fought and became casualties.
121. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 3, p. 743, Para 2, Last 2 lines.
With almost 80% of American soldiers coming from lower economic levels, Vietnam was a working class war
HT “76% Of the men sent to Vietnam were from lower middle/working class backgrounds
Three fourths had family incomes above the poverty level; 50% were from middle income backgrounds.”
Source: U.S. Government (VA Web Site Stats) http://www.veteranshour.com/vietnam_war_statistics.html
As above the last bit should be re-written to say that Vietnam was called a working class war.
The statistics show that at the time they served the men had middle incomes. Furthermore, the text does not cite figures showing that troop composition in Korea or World War II was any different. Emphasizing “working class” in Vietnam serves only to engender class hatreds.
122. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 3, p. 743, Para 3, Lines 2-4
During the first several years of the war Blacks accounted for more than 20 percent of combat deaths, despite representing only 10% of the population
HT, OF “Overall, Blacks suffered 12.5% of the deaths in Vietnam at a time when the % of Blacks of military age was 13.5% of the total population. “
Source: U.S. Government (VA Web Site Stats) http://www.veteranshour.com/vietnam_war_statistics.html
It is half-true to use 10% of population instead of using military-age population.
It is omission of fact to consider only the first several years of the war instead of the Overall War.
123. Chapter 22Page 746Difficult Decisions#1
Imagine you oppose the war and are called to serve in Vietnam. What decision would you make? Would you feel guilty if you avoided the draft? If you chose to serve, how would you view those who did not serve your country?
B Instead, why isn’t the student being asked to figure out what America learned from this war?
124. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 3, p.746Difficult Decision Box and Personal Voice quotes
B Reviewer’s Comments: This is the page where students are asked what they would have done about the draft. There are 2 Personal Voices from opponents and it’s not until page 754 that there is 1 Personal Voice equivocating. There are no Personal Voices of soldiers who served in honor of their country. Is the text trying to teach students not to be soldiers?
The students have no knowledge to base any judgment on Draft vs. Enlistment.
125. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 3, p.747, Next to last Para, Lines 3-4
Defense Secretary Robert McNamara…quietly announced he was resigning to become head of the World Bank.
OF entirely omitted here and elsewhere about McNamara is the failure of his and the other Whiz Kids’ micro-management of the war and the disastrous consequences in terms of lives lost.
126. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 4, p.749, Box More About Tet and Para 5, Lines 4-6
continued from above The mainstream media, which had reported the
war in a skeptical but generally balanced way, now openly criticized the war.
OF, TET did a lot more than expose a creditability gap. The reporting of it showed the tremendous effect of media manipulation of public opinion.
“The media with its overload of emotion provoking images forged a strong negative memory in the minds of Americans. It was this inability to forget that made America weak and led President Reagan to diagnose the nation as suffering from the ‘Vietnam Syndrome’.”
In viewing today’s wars students need to understand media’s political power more than the statement in the text implies.
127. Chapter 22Page 751Par 1 Line 1
On his way out he passed through the hotel’s kitchen, where a young Palestinian immigrant, Sirhan Sirhan, was hiding with a gun. Sirhan, who later said he was angered by Kennedy’s support of Israel, fatally shot the senator.
HT Sirhan was the man convicted but there were a lot of unanswered questions.
The files made it clear that the LAPD had engaged in a massive cover-up, both during the original investigation and in the intervening twenty years. They'd not only attempted to misconstrue or overlook data that didn't support their lone-assassin view, but they'd actively destroyed evidence that might suggest a conspiracy.
128. Chapter 22Page 751A Turbulant race for PresidentPar 1 Line 3
The convention, which featured a bloody riot between protesters and police, fractured the Democratic Party and thus helped a nearly forgotten Republican win the White House.
OF This “nearly forgotten Republican” was President Nixon whom the text does not mention for 2 pages after this comment.
This “bloody riot” was not the only thing that fractured the Democratic Party.
…Yippies (members of the Youth International Party), had come hoping to provoke violence that might discredit the Democratic Party.
FE/OF Omitted is an adequate definition of the Yippies and their several memberships in the Chicago Seven
No facts given to show that the Yippies had come “hoping to provoke violence”
Planned violence is criminal The Yippies, who staged their own theatrical protest
in the midst of numerous other activist groups’ planned demonstrations and increasing factionalism. Police forces were called in to break up the event, which spiraled into violence, riots and the eventual arrest and trial of Hoffman, Rubin, and members of other groups including the Black Panther Party, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (known as the MOBE).
In the end Nixon defeated Humphry and inherited the quagmire in Vietnam. He eventually would end America’s involvement in Vietnam, but not before his war policies created even more protest and uproar within the country.
B Text always adds a “but”. Sentence should end at Vietnam. Delete the line
“but not before his war policies created even more protest and uproar within the country.”
131. Chap 22. Vietnam War Years 1954-1975.Sec 5, p. 758, Last Para, Lines 4-6
Thieu appealed to the United Sates for help. America provided economic aid but refused to send troops.
OF No mention here that the US failure to support Thieu led both to the fall of Saigon and to the murders of hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese, Laotians and Cambodians by the communist north.
Thieu had agreed to the peace terms upon assurance by Nixon that the US would intervene if the North violated the peace agreement by attacking.
Asks students to consider what a group needs to do to get the attention of the government in order to bring about change. Is protest a successful tactic, or does it damage the group’s cause? Is peaceful protest effective? Is violence ever justified?
B Leading students. The chapter has not prepared the students for this exercise.
134. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 1, Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality, p 768
Section title “Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality”
B We suggest that an unbiased Section Title might read, “Challenges Facing Latinos and Native Americans”.
However in 2007, President Bush failed in his attempt to reform United States’ immigration laws. Mexican president Felipe Calderon expressed disappointment, saying, “The U.S. economy cannot keep going without migrant labor.”
OF First sentence needs to add briefly how Nixon would have reformed the immigration laws.
The journey these illegal aliens undertook was often made more difficult by “coyotes,” guides who charged large amounts of money to help them cross the border, but too often didn’t deliver on their promises.
B/OF . Author should be explaining how immigrants can
legally enter the U.S. and get green cards
137. Chapter 23Page 769Historical Spotlight Desperate JourneysPar 2 Line 1
Illegal immigrants’ problems didn’t end when they entered the United States, where they were denied many social services, including unemployment insurance and food stamps.
B The text does not make it clear that being denied services and benefits resulted from their illegality.
Illegal immigrants have and do receive food stamps.
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138. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 1, p 770, Para 2, lines 4-5
Chavez, like Martin Luther King, believed in using non-violence to reach his goal.
OF Omitted is his union’s brutal treatment of illegals. New research has described another view of Chavez. “Chavez, the supposed hero of Mexican-Americans,
also was an active enemy of illegal immigrants, whom he saw as a threat to striking workers. The UFW even carried out violence against illegals: “Under the supervision of Chavez’s cousin, Manuel, UFW members tried at first to persuade Mexicans not to cross the border. One time when that didn’t work, they physically attacked and beat them up to scare them off…”
139. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 1, p 770, The box on Chavez and the Sidebox on Chavez for the teacher.
[Reviewer’s comment on the entire text in the 2 boxes on Chavez on the page]Both boxes describe Chavez only in favorableterms.
OF, B “By 1977, the union was poised to achieve a mass membership that would have made it a power to be reckoned with in California, and maybe in the entire nation. But then, under Chávez’s autocratic leadership, the union dissolved the boycott staff, firing its leader and accusing him of being a communist; purged its staff, using the most disgusting means imaginable; refused to entertain any local union autonomy and democracy; denied the election of actual farm workers to the union board; ruined the careers, and in some cases, the jobs, of rank-and-file union dissidents; lost almost all of its collective bargaining agreements, and began a long and ugly descent into corruption.”
….to help reclaim U.S. land taken from Mexican landowners in the 19th century.
OF/B No mention of what caused the U.S. to claim this land in the first place.
Texas land dispute led to the Mexican War of 1846; the Rio Grande was made the border instead of the Nueces, consistent with the treaty signed between Texas and Mexico following the Texas Revolution.
US paid Mexico for land and for the Gadsden Purchase.
141. Chapter 23Page 771Native Americans struggle for EqualityPar 2 Line 1
Despite their cultural diversity, Native Americans as a group have been the poorest of Americans and have suffered from the highest unemployment rate. They have also been more likely than any other group to suffer from tuberculosis and alcoholism.
OF/FE “poorest of Americans” does not represent facts In the chapter on Black Americans the author states
that Black Americans are the poorest. Why are American Indians “more likely” to suffer
from tuberculosis and alcoholism? No facts given.
142. Chapter 23Page 771Native Americans struggle for EqualityVoices of ProtestPar 6Line 1-6
Many young Native Americans were dissatisfied with the slow pace of reform. Their discontent fueled the growth of the American Indian Movement (AIM), an often militant Native American rights organization. While AIM began in 1968 largely as a self-defense group against police brutality, it soon branched out….(underlining by reviewer)
FE/B Its original purpose was to help Indians in urban ghettos who had been displaced by government programs that had the effect of forcing them from the reservations.
AIM was founded to oppose poverty, urban discrimination and federal Indian policy.
http://libguides.mnhs.org/aim 143. Chap 23, An Era
of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 1, p 771, Para 4, Lines 1-3
B Unsubstantiated opinion that the Eisenhower Administration failed to respect Native American culture.
144. Chapter 23Page 771Voices of ProtestLine 6
It soon branched out to include protecting the rights of large Native American populations in the northern and western states.
OF Protecting which rights? In the mid-1970s AIM’s efforts were centered on the
prevention of resource exploitation of Indian lands by the federal government. With many of its leaders in prison, and torn by internal dissension, the national leadership disbanded in 1978,
145. Chapter 23Page 771Gifted and TalentedBottom of PageLast Line
Have students attempt to evaluate whose activities have been more effective, AIM’s or Senator Campbell’s.
B Textbook has not prepared students to compare an “often militant Native American rights organization” (as quoted on this page in comment #68 above), to a Senator who is an elected official in the United States Government. The exercise is leading students to an unsupportable conclusion.
146. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 1, p 771, Assessment Box at bottom,
Assessment Box # 3 Evaluating, In Depth Resources for this Chapter.
OF, B Reviewer’s Comments. PP 73-81 are Primary Sources for farmworkers in
California. They are all favorable to Chavez and his farmworkers. There is nothing about the ruinous later years of his union, his cult-like exclusion, or the lack of long-lasting results. New biographies about Chavez offer some concerns about his leadership in the movement.
147. Chapter 23Page 772More About the Trail of Broken TreatiesLine 7
As Mary Crow Dog, who was one of the demonstrators, recalled, “somebody suggested, ‘Let’s all go the BIA, it seemed a natural thing to do…they would have to put us up. It was ‘our’ building, after all”
OF What does Mary Crow Dog mean by “It was ‘our’ building, after all.”
What makes Ms. Dog say this and why is this an important statement in this textbook?
148. Chapter 23Page 775Historical ImpactPar 1 Line 11-13
“one-person”, “one-vote” principle brought the United States several steps closer to fulfilling its democratic ideals.
FE The United States is a “Constitutional Republic”. Nowhere in our Constitution is the word Democracy used.
149. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 2, Women Fight for Equality, p 776
Box at Bottom, Program Resources, Guided Reading.
OF, B There are no readings showing women who deplored female radicalism and demands, or latch-key children. Show balance.
150. Chapter 23Page 776A Personal VoiceBetty Friedan
She was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question—‘Is this all?’
OF This is a question asked by ALL Human beings. What makes it special only to women?
151. Chapter 23Page 776Women and Political Power
Many women worked in the civil rights movement. Working for equality for African Americans raised their consciousness about their own disadvantaged position.
OF “Equality” is not defined in this textbook The proper role of government is to protect equal
rights and opportunities, not to provide/guarantee equality (equal things/outcomes)
152. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 2, p 777, Box at Bottom, Cooperative Learning
Women in Business ManagementDirections: Ask students to put together a brief survey on women’s representation on management structure in the workplace that they an use to survey each other, parents and neighbors
OF The students are not qualified to create an intelligent survey because they have had no readings about women taking time out for extended maternity leave, women refusing promotions because of not wanting to transfer, or women dropping out of the workforce while their children are home. All these circumstances are reasons for limitations on women in management.
41
153. Chapter 23Page 779Glossary“Equal Rights Amendment” ERA
n. a proposed and failed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would have prohibited any government discrimination on the basis of sex.
What if the Equal Rights Amendment had been ratified?Think About:
Rights and legal support that the amendment could have provided.
B History is about learning from, not speculating on. Better questions: What is learned from the ERA?
Why was it not ratified?
155. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 2, p 780, The Movements Legacy Para 2, Lines 1-3,
Despite ERA’s defeat, the women’s movement altered society in countless ways, such as by transfroming women’s conventional roles and their attitudes towards career and family.
OF, B In discussing the women’s movement legacy the text omits that as of Feb 2014 the Pew Poll finds that 60% of Americans say that children are better off with a parent at home. Under freedom of choice, some women prefer to stay home rather than pursue a career.
156. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 3, Culture and Counterculture, p.781, Para 3 Last line and Para 4, 1st line
Forman was a part of the counterculture…Although their heydey was short, their legacy remains.In the late 1960’s the historian Theodore Roszak deemed these idealistic youths the counterculture.
HT, B The context of the words “legacy” and “idealistic” leads students to think the long-haired, unwashed, often-wealthy college students were great contributors to social change. Omitted is some of their adherence to drugs, free sex and its consequences.
This is discussed later in the section in spite of the bias in the introduction.
157. Chapter 23Page 781The Counter CulturePar 1 all
…the Historian Theodore Roszak deemed these idealistic youths the counterculture. It was a culture, he said, so different from the mainstream, “that it scarcely looks to many as a culture at all, but takes on the alarming appearance of a barbarian intrusion.”
OF Who is Theodore Roszak? What is the definition of “barbarian intrusion” In the preceding paragraph we are told the
counterculture wanted to establish a society based on peace and love.
158. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 3, Culture and Counterculture, p.783, Para 5, Next to last sentence and Sidebar MoreAbout Woodstock
Despite the huge crowd Woodstock was peaceful and well-organized.
[and in the box]
OF, B These descriptions omit the massive use of drugs and resulting behavior.
http://www.lehigh.edu/~ineng/jac/jac-ryan4.htm
159. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 3, Culture and Counterculture, p.785, Sidebar Box
B Unsubstantiated opinion. For instance, no mention is made of the Christian right which developed into a political force neither apolitical nor radical.
http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780299285234
160. Chapter 23Page 785Conservatives attack the countercultureLines 2-3
Nixon was not the only conservative voice expressing alarm. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover issued a warning that “revolutionary terrorists” was a threat on campuses and in cities
FE Could not find the quote “revolutionary terrorists” in any of Edgar Hoover’s statements.
“Terrorists” was not a word used in the 1960’s No definition for “revolutionary terrorists” in the
glossary of this textbook.
161. Chapter 23Page 785Line 5
Conservatives also attacked the counterculture for what they saw as its decadent values.
OF How did these “conservatives” attack the counterculture?
Is the textbook still talking about the “hippies”? No facts to back up this statement
162. Chap 23, An Era of Social Change 1960-1975, Sec 3, Culture and Counterculture, p.786-7
Daily Life 1960-1970. Signs of the Sixties[Reviewer’s comments: Focusing on a limited teenage subculture does not give a true pictureof life in the 60’s or of the majority of hard-working Americans]
OF, B Omitted is discussion of the tremendous economic growth, development of computers, stable inflation, increase of output per man hour, etc.
163. Chap 24. An Age of Limits, 1968-1980 orPassage to a New Century, 1968-Present
[Reviewer’s Comments: The 2 titles for Chap. 24 given to the left are contradictory and confuse whether source material should be limited to 1980 or if it may cover events until date of book publication]
American leaders of the early 1970s laid the foundations for the broad conservative base that exists today.
FE/B The broad conservative base that exists today was laid 200 years ago when our founding fathers established the Constitution of the United States of America.
167. Chapter 24Page 794Par 2 Lines 1-4
Nixon and Kissinger ended Americas involvement in Vietnam, but as the war wound down, the nation seemed to enter an era of limits. The economic prosperity that had followed World War II was ending. President Nixon wanted to limit the federal government to reduce its power and to reverse some of Johnson’s liberal policies.
OF “seemed to enter an era of limits” does not represent facts.
No explanation that Nixon won the election by a landslide vote because he did want to limit the federal government.
