EARTHQUAKES
Causes – 1. breaking rock 2. friction
Intensity –
Richter scale – logarithem scale. Magnitude 3 earthquake is 100 times greater than magnitude 1. 5 = energy of first atomic
bomb 7 = major earthquake
Table 16.2
Table 16.1
85% of earthquakes are shallow (foci < 40 miles deep)
12% are intermediate (foci 40-200 miles deep)
3% are deep (foci 200 – 435 miles deep)
Box 16.1.1a
Box 16.1.1b
CO 16
Fig. 16.1a
Fig. 16.1b
Fig. 16.1c
Fig. 16.1d
Fig. 16.15a
Fig. 16.15b
Fig. 16.15c
Fig. 16.15d
Fig. 16.17b
Fig. 16.1e
Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire
Fig. 16.2a-c
Fig. 16.2d
Fig. 16.18b
Fig. 16.18c
Fig. 16.18d
Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire
Fig. 16.17a
Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire
Fig. 16.16
Focus – place of rupture or friction Epicenter – point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus
Fig. 16.4
Fig. 16.5
Fig. 16.3
Types of Seismic Waves
1. Body waves (move through the Earth)
2. Surface waves (move along the surface of Earth)
Location of earthquakes – 1. circum-Pacific Belt 2. Mediterranean-Trans-
Himalayan Belt
Fig. 16.22a
Fig. 16.13
Fig. 16.14
Fig. 16.11
Seismograph – instrument that measures intensity and time of arrival of earthquake waves.
Seismogram – record of seismic waves
Fig. 16.7a
Fig. 16.6
Fig. 16.7b
Body waves
a. P waves (move through solid and liquid materials)
b. S waves (move only through solid)
Fig. 16.8
Fig. 16.9
Fig. 16.10
Fig. 16.12
Results – 1. faults 2. landslides 3. tsunami – tidal wave 4. fire
Fig. 16.19
Fig. 16.20a
Fig. 16.20b
Fig. 16.21
Fig. 16.22b
Fig. 16.23
Fig. 16.24
Fig. 16.26
Fig. 16.27
Fig. 16.28
Fig. 16.30
Box 16.3.1
Box 16.3.2a
Box 16.3.2b
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