6.1 Human Inheritance
6.2 Human Genetic Disorders
6.3 Advances in Genetics
Table of ContentsChapter Preview
1.1 Thinking Like a Scientist
1.2 The Study of Life
1.3 Scientific Inquiry
1.4 Safety in the Laboratory
Chapter Preview
6.1 Human Inheritance
6.2 Human Genetic Disorders
6.3 Advances in Genetics
Chapter Preview Questions
1. From each parent, offspring inherita. half their phenotypes.b. half their traits.c. half their genes.d. half their chromosomes.
Chapter Preview Questions
1. From each parent, offspring inherita. half their phenotypes.b. half their traits.c. half their genes.d. half their chromosomes.
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Plant and animal cells typically have a. three copies of every gene.b. two copies of every gene.c. varying copies of every gene.d. one copy of every gene.
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Plant and animal cells typically have a. three copies of every gene.b. two copies of every gene.c. varying copies of every gene.d. one copy of every gene.
Chapter Preview Questions
3. The genetic material of living organisms isa. cytoplasm.b. mitochondria.c. chromosomes.d. DNA.
Chapter Preview Questions
3. The genetic material of living organisms isa. cytoplasm.b. mitochondria.c. chromosomes.d. DNA.
Chapter Preview Questions
4. The chromosomes of each cell in an organism are wherea. DNA is located.b. sexual reproduction occurs.c. gender identity is determined.d. photosynthesis takes place.
Chapter Preview Questions
4. The chromosomes of each cell in an organism are wherea. DNA is located.b. sexual reproduction occurs.c. gender identity is determined.d. photosynthesis takes place.
Suppose you have a friend whodoesn’t have freckles. Both of herbiological parents have freckles.The allele for freckles is dominant.What can you infer about thegenotype of your friend’s parents?Explain your answer.
How are traits inherited in people?
High-Use Academic Words
Word Definition Example Sentence
normal adj. Usual, typical,expected
Its normal to feel nervous about going to a new school.
High-Use Academic Words
Word Definition Example Sentence
structuren. The way in which parts of something are connected
You have learned the basicstructure of plant and animal cells.
High-Use Academic Words
Word Definition Example Sentence
affectv. To influence; toproduce a change in
Scientists are looking for ways to treat diseases that affect people.
High-Use Academic Words
Word Definition Example Sentence
techniquen. A special way ofdoing something, amethod, a procedure
There are special techniques for balancing on a skateboard.
Apply It!
Choose the word that best completes each sentence.
1. People’s diets can their health.
affect
2. Doctors have developed a new for doing heart surgery.
technique
3. A(n) body temperature in a human is about 37°C.
normal
Section 1: Human Inheritance
What are some patterns of inheritance in humans?What are the functions of the sex chromosomes?What is the relationship between genes and the environment?
CH 6.1 HUMAN GENETICS
SINGLE GENES: SOME TRAITS ARE CONTROLLED BY A SINGLE GENE WITH TWO ALLELES (WIDOWS PEAK, FREE OR ATTACHED EAR LOBES, DIMPLES, and CLEFT CHIN).
MULTIPLE ALLELES:SOME TRAITS CAN BE CONTROLLED BY A SINGLE GENE WITH MORE THAN TWO ALLELES. A PERSON WILL ONLY HAVE TWO ALLELES BECAUSE CHROMOSOMES OCCUR IN PAIRS.
BLOOD TYPES
BLOOD TYPE COMBINATION OF ALLELES
A AA OR AO
B BB OR BO
AB AB
O OO
Inheritance of Blood TypeBlood type is determined by a single gene with three alleles. This chart shows which combinations of alleles result in each blood type.
SEX LINKED GENES:SEX LINKED GENES: GENES ON THE X AND Y CHROMOSOME (23rd PAIR) ARE SEX LINKED. RED-GREEN COLORBLINDNESSHEMOPHILIABALDNESS Red-green colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. A girl who receives only one recessive allele (written Xc) for red-green colorblindness will not have the trait. However, a boy who receives one recessive allele will be colorblind.
The Sex ChromosomesThe sex chromosomes carry genes that determine whether a person is male or female. They also carry genes that determine other traits.
Colorblindness Punnett SquareRed-green colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. A girl who receives only one recessive allele (written Xc) for red-green colorblindness will not have the trait. However, a boy who receives one recessive allele will be colorblind.
Section 2: Human Genetic Disorders
What are two major causes of genetic disorders in humans?How do geneticists trace the inheritance of traits?How are genetic disorder diagnosed and treated?
A PedigreeA pedigree is a chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
Genetic DisordersSOME COMMON GENETIC DISORDERS ARE:
DOWNS SYNDROME (EXTRA 21st CHROMOSOME).
HEMOPHILIA (MISSING BLOOD CLOTTING PROTIEN).
CYSTIC FIBROSIS (MUCUS FILLED LUNGS).
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (ABNORMAL HEMOGLOBIN).
HUNTINGTONS DISEASE
TOURETTS SYNDROME
TURNERS SYNDROME
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aowhL33lTDs
TRISOMY 18
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCe5zCrgFcU
A Hemophilia PedigreeThe pedigree shows the inheritance of hemophilia, a sex-linked disorder in a family.
Section 3: Advances in Genetics
What are three ways of producing organisms with desired traits?What are two applications of DNA technology in human genetics?
7. WAYS TO DIAGNOSE GENETIC PROBLEMS:
GENETIC COUNSELINGAMNIOCENTESISKARYOTYPING
AMNIOCENTESIS &KARYOTYPING
Changing Rice Production
The graph shows how worldwide rice production changed between 1965 and 2000. New, hybrid varieties of rice plants are one factor that has affected the amount of rice produced.
Changing Rice Production
Rice production increased.
Reading Graphs:
According to the graph, how did rice production change between 1965 and 2000?
Changing Rice Production
2 in 1965; 4 in 2000
Reading Graphs:
How many metric tons of rice per hectare were produced in 1965? How many were produced in 2000?
Changing Rice Production
2 metric tons/hectare
Calculating:
Calculate the approximate difference between rice production in 1965 and 2000.
Changing Rice Production
Possible answer: fertilizers and improved harvesting methods
Developing Hypotheses:
What factors besides new varieties of plants might help account for the difference in rice production between 1965 and 2000?
6.3 Genetic EngineeringScientists use genetic engineering to create bacterial cells that produce important human proteins such as insulin.
