Journal of the A MERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION The premier so urce for the practice and science of food, nutrition, and dietetics January 2003 Volume 1 03 I Number 1 COMMENTARY 39 Incr eas in g portion si zes in Ame ri c an di ets: More calories, m ore obes ity Marion Nestle, PhD, MPH RESEARCH 41 Food s c ommonly ea ten in th e United States, 1989-1991 and 1994-1996: Ar e portion s ize s cha nging? Hel en Sm icihlas-Wright, PhD; Diane C. MitcheLL, MS, RD; Sharon J. Michle; Joseph D. Goldman, MA; A nnetta Cooh, MS I f:!: OJ I Portion size data ava ilable from national su rveys are widely used for the formation of public policy to counse li ng and di eta ry guidance of individuals. The findings in this st udy indicate that portion s iz es have changed in recent years for many co mmonly eate n foods. Changes in the amou nts co ns umed should be moni tored to evalu ate the need for revisions in policy and di et a ss es s me nt protocols. (T his article ha s been approved for continuing profes- sional education credit. Please see page 129 fo r the CEQ. Th e Learning N eed Codes for this art icle are 3020, 4030, and 4050. ) 48 Modifiabl e beha vioral fa c tors in a biopsychosocial mod el pr e di ct inadequat e and excessive gestational we ight gain Christine M. Olson, PhD, RD; Myla S. Strawder man, MS This st udy addresses wheth er potentially modifiable psychosoc ial and be- haviora l fac tors relate to ges tatio nal weight ga in and wh eth er these sa me factors relate to both exce ss ive and insu ffici ent weight gai n. Th e subjects of this st udy included 622 h ea l thy ad ult women who gave birt h to li ve single- ton infant s. The re sea rchers found only 38% of women gained an amou nt of weight in pr egna ncy that was wit hin the ra nge recommended by the Insti- tute of Medicine. Valid and eas il y implemente d meas ures of' cha nge in food intake and physical activity from pre-pr egna n cy and ci garette smoking durin g pr egnancy were eac h significantly and independe ntly related to gesta tional weight gai n. JOIlr/wl of the Ameri"un Dif!lf!lic Association (lSSN 0002-8223/ is published monthly by Elsevier Sciellce. Co rporate Offices: The Curtis Center. Independence Square West. Philadelphia. PA 19 106-3399. Accounting and Circulation Offices: El sevier Science. 6277 Sea Il arbor ])ril'e. Orlando. FL 32887-4800. Pe ri odicals postage paid at Orlando, FL 32862. and at additional mailing oflices. Send change of address to Jou/'llal of the Americall Die/elic El sevier Science. P('riodicals Department, 6277 Sea li:lrbor Drive. Orlando, F'L 32887·4800. o 2oo:J by the Americ,ln ])ietetic Association. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced or tr ansmitted in any form or by any means noll' or hereafier known. electronic or mech:mical. including photocopy. recording. or any information storage and retrieval system. without permission in writing from the Publisher. Printed in the United Stales of Ame r ica on ,lcid-frcc llallt'r. The American Dietetic Association is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Telephone: 3 121899-0040. iXeilher the Associ[llion. the Editor. nor the Publisher assumes responsibility for the opinions expressed by authors of pallt'rs quokd. 01' published in full in the JOllI'I!(l1. Publication of an advertisement in the J ournal should not be construed as endorsement by the Association of the product or the adl·ertiser. ISSN 0002-8223 Editor-in-Chief Elaine R. Monsen, PhD, RD Journal Staff Editorial Director Jen nif er F. Here ndeen Editors Jim McCaffree Melissa Thorpe Assistant Editor Damon Brown Contributing Editors Barbara Bruemmer, PhD, RD Gill Robel·tson, MS, RD Administrative Editor Deborah K. Shattuck Assistant to the Editor-in-Chief Jan et McGregor Are portion sizes changing? See articles on portion sizes on pages 39 and 41.
Transcript
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION The premier source for the practice and science of food, nutrition, and dietetics
January 2003 Volume 1 03 I Number 1
COMMENTARY 39 I nc r easing portion s izes in American die t s: More calories,
m ore obesity Marion Nestle, PhD, MPH
RESEARCH 41 Foods commonly eat en in the United State s, 1989-1991 and
1994-1996: Are portion sizes cha nging? Helen Smicihlas- Wright, PhD; Diane C. MitcheLL, MS, RD; Sharon J. Michle; Joseph D. Goldman, MA; Annetta Cooh, MS
If:!: OJ I Portion size data available from national su rveys a re widely used for the formation of public policy to counseling a nd dietary guidance of individuals. The find ings in th is study indicate that portion s izes have cha nged in recent years for many commonly eaten foods. Changes in the a mounts consumed should be monitored to evaluate the need for revisions in policy a nd diet assess ment protocols . (This article has been approved for continuing professional education credit. Please see page 129 fo r the CEQ. The Learning Need Codes for this article are 3020, 4030, and 4050. )
48 Modifiable b eh a vioral factors in a biopsychosocial model predict inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain Christine M. Olson, PhD, RD; Myla S. Strawderman, MS This study addresses whether potentially modifiable psychosocia l and behaviora l factors rela te to gestationa l weight gain a nd whether these same factors re late to both excessive a nd insufficient weight gain. The subjects of this study incl uded 622 healthy adult women who gave birth to live singleton infa nts. The researchers found on ly 38% of women gained an amount of weight in pregnancy that was with in the range recommended by the Institute of Medicine. Valid and easily implemented measures of' cha nge in food intake and physical activ ity from pre-pregnancy and cigarette smoking during pregnancy were each significantly and independent ly related to gestat ional weight gain.
JOIlr/wl of the Ameri"un Dif!lf!lic Association (lSSN 0002-8223/ is published monthly by Elsevier Sciellce. Corporate Offices: The Curtis Center. Independence Square West. Philadelphia. PA 19 106-3399. Accounting and Circulation Offices: Elsevier Science. 6277 Sea Ilarbor ])ril'e. Orlando. FL 32887-4800. Pe riodicals postage paid at Orlando, FL 32862. and at additional mailing oflices. POSTMASTEI~: Send change of address to Jou/'llal of the Americall Die/elic As.~ocialioll. Elsevier Science. P('riodicals Department, 6277 Sea li:lrbor Drive. Orlando, F'L 32887·4800.
o 2oo:J by the Americ,ln ])ietetic Association. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced or t ransmitted in any form or by any means noll' or hereafier known. electronic or mech:mical. including photocopy. recording. or any information storage and retrieval system. without permission in writing from the Publisher. Printed in the United Stales of Amer ica on ,lcid-frcc llallt'r. The American Dietetic Association is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Telephone: 3 121899-0040.
iXeilher the Associ[llion. the Editor. nor the Publisher assumes responsibility for the opi nions expressed by authors of pallt'rs ab~tracted. quokd. 01' published in full in the JOllI'I!(l1. Publication of an advertisement in the J ournal should not be construed as endorsement by the Association of the product or the adl·ertiser.
ISSN 0002-8223
Editor-in-Chief Elaine R. Monsen, PhD, RD
Journal Staff Editorial Director Jennifer F. Herendeen
Editors Jim McCaffree Melissa Thorpe
Assistant Editor Damon Brown
Contributing Editors Barbara Bruemmer, PhD, RD Gill Robel·tson, MS, RD
Administrative Editor Deborah K. Shattuck
Assistant to the Editor-in-Chief Janet McGregor
Are portion sizes changing? See articles on portion sizes on pages 39 and 41.
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION January 2003
55 Implementation of HACCP and prerequisite programs in school foodservice Sakyung Yoan, MS; Jeannie Sneed, PhD, RD The issue of food safety receives much emphasis by government agencies and food-related professional associations because of the potential health and economic impact of food borne illnesses. The purpose of this research is to determi ne the food safety procedures and pract ices used in school foodservice related to HACCP and prerequisite programs. The a uthors conclude there are opportun ities for dietitia ns to provide consulting, tra ining, a nd technical assistance to schools on HACCP implementation.
61 Nutritional status of the olde r adult is associated with d entition sta tus Nadine R. Sahyoun, PhD, RD; Chien-Lung Lin, PhD; Elizabeth Krall, PhD, MPH
~ Few studies of the free-living elderly have examined nutrit ional status lb::!:::::!J indicators other than dietary uptake. The authors of this study examine
dietary quality and intake of specific nutrients in relation to dentition status in the th ird National Health and Nutri t ion Examination Survey (NHANES III) population over age 50. The resul ts of this study show that dental health is closely associated with nutr itional status a nd suggests that the status of dent ition should be considered in nutritional counseling and assessment of older adults. (This article has been approved for continuing education credit. Please see page 130 for the CEQ. The Learning Need Codes for this article are 4190, 5040, and 5100. )
67 Pycnogenol does not impact the antioxidant or vitamin C status of healthy young adults Kathryn Silliman, PhD, RD; J ohn Parry, MS; Larry L . Kirk, PhD; Ronald L. Prior, PhD Pycnogenol, water-processed extract made from the bark of Purus maritima, is a dietary supplement that is heavily promoted on the Internet and is commonly found in the dietary supplement section of drug and health food stores. The functi onal a nd health claims made by distributors of Pycnogenol a re numerous. How Pycnogenol interacts with vitamin C to increase its concentration a nd to increase total ant ioxida nt capacity of serum and urine is the objective of this study. Through this non-random intervent ion study, the a ut hors conclude the present fi nd ings fail to support the vitami n C or antioxida nt clai ms made for Pycnogeno1.
PERSPECTIVES IN PRACTICE 73 California's Professional Mentoring Program: How to
develop a statewide mentoring program Pauline E. Schatz, EdD, RD; Teresa J. Bush-Zurn, MA, RD, FADA; Carol Ceresa, MHSL, RD; Kara Caldwell Freeman, DrPH, RD
77 Use of an outcomes research collaborative training curriculum to enhance entry-level dietitians' and established professionals' self-reported understanding of research J anet E. Hays, MS, RD; Catherine A. Peterson, PhD, RD
Volume 103 I Number 1
Corresp ondence regarding subscription or change of address should be directed to Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Elsevier Science, Periodicals Department, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. E-mail: [email protected]
Change of address notices, inel uding both the old and new addresses of the subscriber and the mailing label, should be sent at least one month in advance.
Customer Service: 800/654-2452; outside the United States and Canada, 407/345-4000.
Yearly Subscription Rates: United States and possessions: individuals , $160; institutions, $270; single issues, $23. All other countries: individuals, $220; institutions, $270; single issues, $23.
Prices are subject to change without notice. Current prices are in effect for back volumes and back issues. Single issues, both current and back, exist in limited quantities and are offered for sale subject to availability. Back issues sold in conjunction with a subscription are on a prorated basis. Checks should be made payable to Elsevier Science and sent to Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Elsevier Science, Periodicals Department, P.O. Box 628239, Orlando, FL 32862-8239.
Ordering Reprints: Reprints of single articles available online may be obtained by pW'Chasing PayPer-View access for $25 per article on the journal web site . Reprint inquiries should be addressed to Anne Rosenthal , E lsevier Science, Commercial Reprints, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010. Telephone: 2121633-3813; fax; 2121633-3820; e-mail: [email protected]
Journal of the American Dietetic Association is indexed and included in Index Medicus, Current Contents, and EMBASEI Excerpta Medica.
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES James G. Elliott Company Frank Brown 135 E. 55th St. , 7th Floor New York, NY 10022 2121588-9200, ext. 27
James G. Elliott Company Delresa Rollerson 20 N. Wacker Dr., Suite 1434 Chicago, IL 60606 3121236-4900, ext. 106
James G. Elliott Company Craig Miller 626 Wilshire Blvd. , Suite 500 213/624-0900, ext. 1219
Journal 01 the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION January 2003
84
REVIEW
Practice Point: Outcomes research and dietetics professionals
86 The effect of fiber-rich carbohydrates on features of Syndrome X Brenda M. Davy, PhD, RD; Christopher L. Melby, DrPH
RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL BRIEFS 97 National survey beverage consumption data for children
and adolescents indicate the need to encourage a shift toward more nutritive beverages Gail C. Rampersaud, MS, RD; Lynn B. Bailey, PhD; Gail P. A. Kauwell, PhD, RD The American Academy of Pedi atrics (AAP) recently issued recommendat ions fo r 100% frui t j uice consumption for children and adolescents. Increased cons umpt ion of nu t rien t-dense beverages (100% fruit juice, milk) a nd wate r as pa rt of a varied diet should be encouraged .
100 A cUl'riculum based on social learning theory emphasizing fruit exposure and positive parent child-feeding strategies: A pilot study Laura S iem Gribble, MEd, RD; Grace Falciglia, EdD, RD; A ngela M. Davis, MEd; S arah C. Couch, PhD, RD This study exa mined the e ffecti veness of a nutrition in terven t ion progra m to enhance children's knowledge, preference. and intake of whole frui t and decrease pa rents' use of cont rolling child-feeding behav iors. Cha nge in ch ildren's know ledge, preference, and intake of fruit and pa rents' use of con t rolling child-feeding strategies were measured in a pre- tesUpost -test ma nner us ing valida ted questionna ires.
103 Elderly food stamp participants are different from eligibile nonparticipants by level of nutrition risk but not nutrient intake Nancy Fey-Yensan, PhD, RD; Catherine English, PhD, RD; Holly E. Pacheco, MS; Monica Belyea, MPH, RD; Diane S chuler Data were collected by survey us ing a convenience sample of 200 lowincome seniors living in subsidized hous ing. It appears tha t those a lready a t highest ri sk were in fact participat ing in the Food Stamp Program, a s those e ligible but not pa r t icipating had significantly highe r incomes a nd were a t significa nt ly lower nutritiona l J·i sk.
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE The Journal publishes refereed reports of original research and other papers covering the broad aspects of dietetics, including nutrition and diet therapy, community nutrition, educatiDn and training, and administration. Original manuscripts are accepted for publicatiDn on the cDnditiDn that they are CDntributed sDlely tD the Journal. "Guidelines fDr AuthDrs," published in the January issue 'Of the JOllrna.l, is available upDn request Dr may be dDwnloaded frDm ADA's Website. Submit manuscripts to Elaine R. Monsen, PhD, RD, Editor, BOX 353410, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
The Editor welcomes brief items, such as letters to the editor, announcements, and current nDtes and comment. FDur typed, dDuble-spaced cDpies must be submitted. Notices for publication, general correspondence, and inquiries ShDUld be addressed to the Editor, Journal of tll£ American Dietetic Association, 216 W Jackson Blvd, ChicagD, IL 60606-6995; 3121899·0040.
Correspondence regarding permissiDn to reprint all or part 'Of any article published in this jDurnal should be addressed to JDUr,· nals Permission Department, Elsevier Science, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Telephone: 4071345-2500.
The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page 'Of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's CDnsent that cDpies 'Of the article may be made for personal or internal use, or for the persDnal 01' internal use of specific clients, for those registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 RosewDDd Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; 5081750-8400; www. cDpyright.cDm). This CDnsent is given 'On the cDndition that the cDpier pay the stated per-CDpy fee fDr that article thrDugh the Copyright Clearance Center, Tnc. for copying beYDnd that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the US CDpyright Law. This CDnsent dDes not extend to other kinds 'Of copying, such as copying fDr general distribution, fDr advertising Dr prDmDtiDnal purpDses, for creating new cDllective works, Dr for resa le. Absence of the code indicates that the material may not be prDcessed through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
Journal of the AMERICAN DlnnlC ASSOCIATION January 2003
20
25
29
33
54
108
113
118
118
125
126
126
128
129
131
BEYOND THE HEADLINES Prevention of food borne illness a nd the role of the dietitian
BUSINESS OF DIETETICS Nutrition communication: Exciti ng opportunities for dietitians
PEOPLE & EVENTS
AUTHOR GUIDELINES
QUESTION OF THE MONTH What are "energy drinks" all about?
OF PROFESSIONAL INTEREST Research a nd the dietetics profession : Making a bigger impact
Folate Intakes and Awareness of Folate to Prevent Neural Tube Defects. A Survey of Women Living in Vancouver, CAN
Comparison of Three Methods for the Determination of Body Fat in Patients on Long·Term Hemodialysis Therapy
Cocoa and Chocolate Flavonoids: Implications for Cardiovascular Health
Prevalence of Obesity in Special Olympic Athletes as Determined by Body Mass Index
ACCESSING INFORMATION • Visit our Web site for the latest information about health and nutrition and other news from the American Dietetic Association at http://www.eatrlght.org • To search for a particular Journal article, refer to the Subject/Author Index published annually in the December issue, or use Medline (httpJ/www.ncbi. nlm.nih .govlPubMed). • Other Web sites that can assist you in finding information are: University Microfilms International (http://www.uni.com); Institute for Scientific Information (http://www.isinet.com); and Information Access Company (http://www.iacnet.com). Copies of Journal articles can be downloaded from these Web sites for a fee.
