CONTENTSNo. 1, JANuARY 1966

Microbiology of Drycleaning. ROBERT R. BANVILLE AND ETHEL MCNEILE.Algicidal Effect of Bromine and Chlorine on Chlorella pyrenoidosa. YEHUDA KoTr,

GALILA HERSHKOVITZ, A. SHEMTOB, AND J. B. SLESS............................... 8Enrichment Medium for Selection of Salmonella from Fish Homogenate. H. RA J........ 12Bacteriological Survey of the Frozen Prepared Foods Industry. I. Frozen Cream-Type Pies.

BERNARD F. SuRKEwIcz...................................................... 21Method for Measuring Diaminopimelic Acid in Total Rumen Contents and Its Application

to the Estimation of Bacterial Growth. K. EL-SHAZLY AND R. E. HUNGATE.......... 27Microbiology of Ensiled High-Moisture Corn. HARLAND R. BURMEISTER, PAuL A.

HARTMAN, AND ROBERT A. SAUL............................................... 31Yeasts in Ensiled High-Moisture Corn. HA.LAN R. BuRMEISTER AND PAUL A. HARTmAN.. 35Production of Alanine by Fusarium moniliforme. SEBASTIAN L. CARITO ANm MICHAEL A.

PISANo..................................................................... 39Bactericidal Properties of the Concentrated Artificial Kidney Bath Solution. JOHN D.

BoWER, C. H. BELLE, AND M. E. HENCH........................... ............. 45Effect of Sodium Chloride andpH on the Outgrowth of Spores of Type E Clostridium botu-

linum at Optimal and Suboptimal Temperatures. W. P. SEGNER, C. P. SCHMIDT, ANDJ. K. BOLTZ................................................................. 49

Quantitative Studies on Fabrics as Disseminators of Viruses. I. Persistence of Vaccinia Viruson Cotton and Wool Fabrics. ROBERT W. SIDWELL, GLEN J. DIXON, AND ETHELMCNEIL.................................................................... 55

Enzymatic Techniques for the Study of Pathways of Carbohydrate Utilization in the Rumen.D. L. PALMQUIST AND R. L. BALDWIN.6..............................60

Influence of Diet and Age on Bacterial Counts of Bleal Digesta and Feces Obtained fromYoung Calves. P. A. HARTMAN, J. L. MORRILL, AND N. L. JACOBSON............... 70

Quantitative Ecology of Psychrophilic Microorganisms. J. L. STOKES AND MARY L.REDMOND................................................................... 74

Polypeptide Antibiotic 4205 from a Soil Bacillus. MYRTLE SHAW, RACHEL BROWN, ANDANN G. MARTIN............................................................. 79

Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Interaction of Dye and Visible Light. 0.N. FELLowEs.86

Radiation Survival of Food Pathogens in Complex Media. JOHN K. DYER, A. W.ANDERSON, AND PISAWAT DUTYABODHI.92

Formation of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid, Penicillins, and Penicillin Acylase by Various Fungi.M. COLE.............................................................. 98

Three Methods of Assessing the Mutagenic Action of Ultraviolet Radiation on the FungusEmericellopsis glabra. L. J. SCHWARTZ AND J. F. STAUFFER....................... 105

Characteristics of a Proteinase of a Trichosporon Species Isolated from Dungeness CrabMeat. HERMAN S. GRONINGER, JR., AND M. W. EKLuND ........................... 110

Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Waste Waters of Vegetable-Processing Plants. J. ORVINMUNDT, SANDRA A. LARSN, AN I. E. MCCARTY................................ 115

Direct Fluorescent Labeling of Microorganisms as a Possible Life-Detection Tech-nique. ABE PITAL, SHELDON L. JANOWITZ, CHARLES E. HUDAK, AND EVwLNE. LEwis. 119

Effect of Coliform and Proteus Bacteria on Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. J. V.DIGiAciNTo AND W. C. FRAziER.124

Thermal Inactivation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Veronal Buffer. R. B. READ, JR.,AND J. G. BRADSHAW.130

Notes

Carboxymethylcellulose Ether Media for Cold-Weather Aerosol Sampling. ROBERT E. LEEAmD MAXGARBEr..133

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CONTENTIS OF VOLUME 14

Improved Anaerobic Indicator. JOHN H. BREWER, DANIEL L. ALLGEIER, AND C. BAXTERMCLAUGHLIN ................................................................ 135

Effect of Excess Alkali on the Tuberculocidal Activity of Phenates. CHARLES H. SHAFFER,JR., L. S. STUART, AND L. F. ORTENZIO......................................... 137

Production of Aflatoxins and Kojic Acid by Species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. F. W.PARRISH, B. J. WILEY, E. G. SIMMONS, AND L. LONG, JR............................ 139

No. 2, MARCH 1966

Estimation of Low Numbers of Escherichia coli Bacteriophage by Use of the Most ProbableNumber Method. YEHUDA KoTr .............................................. 141

Microbiological Assay for Organic Compounds in Seawater. II. Distribution of Adenine,Uracil, and Threonine. CAROL D. LITCHFIELD AmD DONALD W. HOOD.............. 145

Colonial Morphology of Escherichia coli on Tergitol-7 Medium. RHODES K. SCHERER.... 152Metabolism of Linear Alcohols with Various Chain Lengths by a Pseudomonas Species.

JoY P. WILLIAMS, W. R. MAYBERRY, AND W. J. PAYNE............................ 156Production and Stabilization of Cells of Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus lentimorbus. RALPH

N. COsTILow, CHARLES J. SYLVESTER, AND ROLLIN E. PEPPER...................... 161Simplified, Accurate Method for Antibiotic Assay of Clinical Specimens. JOHN V. BENNETT,

JEAN L. BRODIE, ERNEST J. BENNER, ANm WILLIAM M. M. KIRBY.................... 170f3-Galactosidase for Distinguishing between Citrobacter and Salmonella. M. J. PIcKETr

ANm R. E. GOODMAN................... : 178Quantitative Studies on Fabrics as Disseminators of Viruses. II. Persistence of Poliomyelitis

Virus on Cotton and Wool Fabrics. GLEN J. DIXON, ROBERT W. SIDWELL, AND ETHELMCNEIL .................................................................... 183

Characteristics of the Vegetative Growth of Bacillus popilliae. R. A. RHODES, E. S. SHARPE,H. H. HALL, AND R. W. JACKSON.............................................. 189

Effect of Different Commerical Agar Preparations on the Inhibitory Activities of Phenols.J. G. SANDs AND E. 0. BENNETT................................................ 196

Effect of Time and Temperature in Assessing Microbial Contamination on Flat Surfaces.D. VESLEY, K. M. KEENAN, AND M. M. HALBERT................................. 203

Influence of Salts on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. 0. N. FELLoWES ................. 206Biochemical Differentiation of the Enterobacteriaceae with the Aid of Lysine-Iron-Agar.

JAN G. JOHNSON, LAWRENCE J. KUNZ, WINIFRED BARRON, AND W. H. EWING....... 212Survival and Recovery of Enterovirus from Foods. RICHARD K. LYNT, JR............... 218Use or the Anaerobic Pouch in Isolating Clostridium botulinum Spores from Fresh Meats.

RICHARD A. GREENBERG, BENDT 0. BLADEL, AND WALTER J. ZINGELMANN........... 223Microorganisms of the Upper Atmosphere. I. Instrumentation for Isokinetic Air Sampling

at Altitude. DURWARD E. TIMMoNS, JOHN D. FULTON, AN ROLAND B. MITCHELL.. 229Microorganisms of the Upper Atmosphere. II. Microorganisms in Two Types of Air Masses

at 690 Meters over a City. JOHN D. FULTON AND ROLAND B. MITCHELL............ 232Microorganisms of the Upper Atmosphere. III. Relationship between Altitude and Micro-

population. JOHN D. FULTON ................................................ 237Microorganisms of the Upper Atmosphere. IV. Microorganisms of a Land Air Mass as It

Traverses an Ocean. JOHN D. FULTON ........................................ 241Microorganisms of the Upper Atmosphere. V. Relationship between Frontal Activity and

the Micropopulation at Altitude. JOHN D. FULTON.............................. 245Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. CLAUDIA T. KAO AND

W. C. FRAZIER............................................................... 251Role of Pectinolytic Yeasts in the Degradation of Mucilage Layer of Coffea robusta Cherries.

A. D. AGATE AND J. V. BHAT.................................................. 256Effect of y-Irradiation on the Microflora of Freshwater Fish. I. Microbial Load, Lag Period,

and Rate of Growth on Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Fillets. N. KAZANAS, J. A.EMERSON, H. L. SEAGRAN, AND L. L. KEMPE..................................... 261

Modified Agglutination Test for Pasteurella tularensis. JOHN J. ENGELFRIED AND FRANCESSPEAR...................................................................... 267

Rapid Fluorescein and Protein Assay Method for Fluorescent-Antibody Conjugates.ARTHUR F. WELLS, CURTIS E. MILLER, AND MARVIN K. NADEL .................... 271

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Comparison of Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine as Disinfectants for Swimming Pool Water.T. A. KOSKI, L. S. STUART, AND L. F. ORTENZIO................................. 276

Influence of Cobalt on Fermentative Methylation. C. A. CLARIDGE, V. Z. ROSSOMANO,N. S. BuoNo, A. GouREvITcH, AN) J. LEN...................................... 280

Rapid Quantitative Serological Assay of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B. FRANCIS J.WEIRETHER, EVELYN E. LEWIS, ALBERT J. ROSENWALD, AN) RALPH E. LINCOLN....... 284

Pilot Plant Glycerol Production with a Slow-Feed Osmophilic Yeast Fermentation. D. K.BUTrON, J. C. GARVER, AND G. J. HAJNY........................................ 292

Notes

Presumptive Method for Determining the Effectiveness of Gas Decontamination of Inani-mate Surfaces. B. R. CHOMAN............................................... 295

Inhibition of Nucleotide Degradation in Bacillus subtilis Broths by Metallic Salts. ARNOLDL. DEMAINAND DAVID HENDLIN............................................... 297

Combined Action of Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim. PETER WARNER AND A. C. MANIAR. . 299Isolation of Clostridium botulinum Type E from Cayuga Lake Fish. HEATHER M. CHAP-

MAN AND H. B. NAYLOR....................................................... 301

No. 3, MAY 1966

Survival of Bacteria on Metal Surfaces. T. R. WILKINSON............................ 303Bacteriostatic, Fungistatic, and Algistatic Activity of Fatty Nitrogen Compounds. HEN-

DRIK J. HUECK, DOROTHEA M. M. ADEMA, AND JOHN R. WIEGMANN................ 308Comparison of Growth and Primary Shunt Product Formation by Claviceps purpurea Cul-

tured on Succinic Acid and Glucose as Carbon Sources. W. A. TABER AND R. SIEp-MANN...................................................................... 320

Evaluation of Slit Sampler in Quantitative Studies of Bacterial Aerosols. RICHARD EHR-LICH, SOL MILLER, AND L. S. IDONE............................................ 328

Pigmented Bacteriostatic Substances and Amino Acids Produced by Phleb6pus sulphureusand Phlebopus lignicola. C. MADHOSINGH...................................... 331

Stimulation of Proteinase Biosynthesis by Canavanine in Streptococcus faecalis var. lique-faciens. JAY M. HAMMEL AND LEONARD N. ZIMERMAN.......................... 337

Culture ofthe Rumen Holotrich Ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. R. T. J. CLARKEAND R. E.HUNGATE.......................................................... 340

Hemagglutination-Inhibition Method and Immunofluorescence Staining with VenezuelanEquine Encephalomyelitis Virus. MICHAEL SHEPEL.............................. 346

Use of Cheese Whey for Vitamin B12 Production. I. Whey Solids and Yeast Extract Levels.L. B. BULLERMAN AND E. C. BERRY............................................. 353

Use of Cheese Whey for Vitamin B12 Production. II. Cobalt, Precursor, and Aeration Levels.E. C. BERRY Am L. B. BULLERMAN............................................. 356

Use of Cheese Whey for Vitamin B12 Production. III. Growth Studies and Dry-Weight Ac-tivity. L. B. BULLERMAN AND E. C. BERRY...................................... 358

Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Survival of Airborne Columbia SK GroupViruses. T. G. AKERS, SHEILA BOND, AND L. J. GOLDBERG........................ 361

Phenazines as Disinfectants against Bacterial Leaf Blight of the Rice Plant. MAKoOTo ODA,YASUHARU SEKIZAWA, AND TmsuRo WATANABE.................................. 365

Kinetics of Acetate Metabolism during Sludge Digestion. PAUL H. SMITH AND ROBERT A.MAH ...................................................................... 368

Influence ofFood Microorganisms on Staphylococcal Growth and Enterotoxin Production inMeat. D.W.McCoYANDJ. E.FABER........................ ................ 372

Production of Aflatoxins B1 and G1 by Aspergillusflavus in a Semisynthetic Medium. N. D.DAVIS, U. L. DIENER, AND D. W. ELDRIDGE..................................... 378

Effect of Corn Steep Liquor on Mycelial Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillusparasiticus. HARRY W. SCHROEDER........................................... 381

Identification of Fluorescent-Antibody Labeled Group A Streptococci by Fluorometry.HowARD M. HOCHBERG, JAMiEs K. COOPER, J. J. REDYS, AND CESAR A. CACERES...... 386

Use of Bisulfite in the Streptococcal Anti-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotidase Test. ELLAM. AYOUB AIN JOSEPH J-. FERRErrI............................................. 391

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Salivary Excretion of Coxsackie B-1 Virus in Rabbits. JOHN V. MADONIA, ARTHUR N.BAHN, AND JOSEPH C. CALANDRA............................................... 394

Steroid Mechanisms Affecting Yeast Permeability and Viability. RODNEY F. SMITH ANDDONALD E. SHAY..............................................................397

Survey of the Sensitivity of Microorganisms to Aflatoxin. H. R. BURMEISTER AND C. W.HESSELTINE................................................................... 403

In Vitro Studies on the Antiviral Activity of 1, 3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-l-Nitrosourea. ROBERTW. SIDWELL, G. ARNETT, AND GLEN J. DIXON................................... 405

Microbial Flora of Irradiated Dungeness Crabmeat and Pacific Oysters. M. A. SHIFLETT,J. S. LEE, AND R. 0. SINNHUBER................................................ 411

Effect of Available Water on Thermal Resistance of Three Nonsporeforming Species ofBACTERIA. C. L. CALHOUN AND W. C. FRAZIER................................. 416

Long-Term Storage of Bacteriophages of Lactic Streptococci. BARBARA P. KEOGH AND G.PETTINGILL.................................................................. 421

Production of Aflatoxin on Rice. ODETTE L. SHOTWELL, C. W. HESSELTINE, R. D. STUBBLE-FIELD, AND W. G. SORENSON................................................... 425

Bacterial Pollution Indicators in the Intestinal Tract of Freshwater Fish. EDWIN E. GELD-REICH AND NORMAN A. CLARKE................................................ 429

Biochemical Alterations of Dermatophytes during Growth. R. SWANSON AND J. J. STOCK ...438Clinical Chemistry of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Poisoning in Monkeys. GERALD J.

CRAWLEY, JOHN N. BLACK, IRVING GRAY, AND JACK W. BLANCHARD............... 445Effect of Pimaricin on the Resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Heat, Freezing, and

Ultraviolet Irradiation. G. K. YORK........................................... 451Liquid Nitrogen Preservation of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and its Use in a Rapid Bio-

logical Assay of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine). KIYOSHI TSUJI........................ 456Liquid Nitrogen Preservation of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and its Use in a Rapid Bio-

logical Assay of Pantothenic Acid. KIYOSHI TsuJI............................... 462

Notes

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Water in Partially Dried Yeast Cells. SHOzo KOGA,AKIRA ECHIGO, AND TATUMI OKI............................................... 466

Application of an End Point Dilution Method to Bacteriophage Assay. J. C. HOFF AND W.JAKUBOWSKI................................................................. 468

Modified Gradient Plate for Use in the Virus Plaque Technique. WILLIAM T. SOPER....... 470Rapid Serial Dilution Technique with Self-Filling Syringes. G. STOTZKY, R. MUND, AND

R. TSUI. .....................................................................472Uricolysis by Escherichia spp. L. N. BARE, R. F. WISEMAN, AND ISAAC RUCHMAN........ 474Antibiotic Properties of Malformin. SHOZO SUDA AND RoY W. CURTIS................. 475Erratum........................................................................ 477

No. 4, July 1966

Mice and Monkeys as Assay Animals for Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning. K. F.WEISS, D. H. STRONG, AND R. A. GROOM........................................ 479

Uptake of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens. GARY WEDE-MEYER...................................................................... 486

Response of the Extract-Release Volume and Water-Holding Capacity Phenomena toMicrobiologically Spoiled Beef and Aged Beef. JAMES M. JAY..................... 492

Evaluation of Filters for Removal of Bacteriophages from Air. C. J. WASHAM, C. H. BLACK,W. E. SANDINE, AND P. R. ELLIKER............................................. 497

U-21,963, a New Antibiotic. I. Discovery and Biological Activity. THOMAS R. PYKE ANDALMA DIETZ................................................................. 506

U-21,963, a New Antibiotic. II. Isolation and Characterization. CURTIS E. MEYER....... 511Detection and Identification of Bacteria by Gas Chromatography. Y. HENIS, J. R. GOULD,

AND M. ALEXANDER.......................................................... 513Modified Pagano Levin Medium to Isolate Candida Species. MICHAEL A. STEDHAM,

DONALD C. KELLEY, AND EMBERT H. COLES...................................... 525Growth of Desulfovibrio on the Surface of Agar Media. WARREN P. IVERSON............ 529

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Membrane Filtration Technique for Isolating Organisms from Raw Milk of Normal Udders.DONALD C. GRAVES AND I. A. SCHIPPER......................................... 535

Comparative Levels and Types of Microbial Contamination Detected in Industrial CleanRooms. MARTIN S. FAVERO, JOHN R. PULEO, JAMES H. MARSHALL, AND GORDON S.OXBORROW.................................................................. 539

Gas Exchange of Algae. II. Effects of Oxygen, Helium, and Argon on the Photosynthesis ofChlorella pyrenoidosa. ELIZABETH C. B. AMMANN AND VICTORIA H. LYNCH.... ....552

Antibody Response of Guinea Pigs to Trivalent Parainfluenza Virus Vaccine Prepared fromEmbryonated Eggs. JOSEPH L. DEMEIO AND ARMAND N. DESANCTIS............... 558

Preservation of Serratia marcescens by High-Vacuum Lyophilization. ROBERT R. DEWALD. 561Kinetic Studies on the Destructive Action of Oxygen on Lyophilized Serratia marcescens.

ROBERT R. DEWALD.......................................................... 568Effect of pH on Population and Fermentation in a Continuously Cultured Rumen Ecosys-

tem. L. L. SLYTER, M. P. BRYANT, AND M. J. WOLIN............................ 573Fungistatic Effects of Controlled Atmospheres. NEIL A. LITrLEFIELD, BARTLEY N.

WANKIER, D. K. SALUNKHE, AND J. N. MCGILL.................................. 579Action of Lincomycin on Staphylococci. M. BALS AND MARIA BRATU.................. 582Thermal Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk, Whey, and Phosphate Buffer. G. C.

WALKER AND L. G. HARMON................................................... 584Elevated-Temperature Technique for the Isolation of Salmonella from Streams. DONALD

F. SPINO................................................................... 591Cultivation of Pasteurella haemolytica in a Chemically Defined Medium. G. E. WESSMAN. . 597Direct Cord Reading Medium for Isolation of Mycobacteria. VICTOR LORIAN........... 603Chemical Characterization of Wines Fermented with Various Malo-lactic Bacteria. GOR-

DON J. PILONE, RALPH E. KUNKEE, AND A. DINSMOOR WEBB....................... 608Antagonistic Effect on Clostridium botulinum Type E by Organisms Resembling It. D. A.

KAUTrER, S. M. HARMON, R. K. LYNT, JR., AND T. LILLY, JR...................... 616Distribution of Thermophilic Aerobic Sporeforming Bacteria in Food Ingredients. B.

RICHMOND AND M. L. FiELDS ................................................. 623Factors Influencing the Occurrence of High Numbers of Iodine-Resistant Bacteria in lodi-

nated Swimming Pools. MARTIN S. FAVERO AND CHARLES H. DRAKE.............. 627Biochemical and Physical Changes in Shaken Suspensions of Pasteurella pestis. G. E.

WESSMAN AND DONNA J. MILLER............................................... 636Multiplication and Fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under Carbon Dioxide Pres-

sure in Wine. RALPH E. KUNKEE AND C. S. OUGH............................... 643Production of a Pyrrole Antibiotic by a Marine Bacterium. PAUL R. BURKHOLDER, ROBERT

M. PFISTER, AND FREDERICK H. LEITZ........................................... 649Effects of Inhibition and Repression on the Utilization of Substrates by Heterogeneous

Bacterial Communities. ELISABETH STUMM-ZOLLINGER........................... 654Effects of Additives on the Survival of Lactic Streptococci in Frozen Storage. C. A. GIB-

SON, G. B. LANDERKIN, AND PAMELA M. MORSE.................................. 665Improved Motility Medium. ROBERT J. BALL AND WALTER SELLERS.................... 670Role of Differential Air Pressure Zones in the Control of Aerosols in a Large Animal Isola-

tion Facility. JAMES F. SULLIVAN AND JOSEPH R. SONGER......................... 674Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Combined Sewage Components by Microbial Ac-

tivity. M. S. FINSTEIN........................................................ 679

NotesSelf-Contained Culture Flask System. JOHN I. PETERSON.............................. 685Freeze-Cutting of Density Gradients. ROBERT BERG AND D. P. DURAND................ 687Spore Production by Bacillus stearothermophilus. JUHEE KIM AND H. BROOKS NAYLR.... 690Simple Device for Enumeration and Isolation of Luminescent Bacterial Colonies. B. J.

COSENZA AND J. D. BUCK..................................................... 692Technique for Volume Production of Mouse Ascites Fluid Containing Bordetella pertussis

Antibody. R. W. MARCH AND DAVID COONEY.................................. 693Apparatus for Rapid Replica Plating in Rhizosphere Studies. J. L. NEAL, JR., K. C. Lu,

W. B. BOLLEN, AND J. M. TRAPPE.............................................. 695Two Types of Simple Automatic Inoculators. BERNARD H. GOLDNER.697

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No. 5, SEPMBER 1966

Inhibition of Microbial Lipases by Fatty Acids. J. L. SMITH AND JOHN A. ALFORD... ..... 699Fermentation Studies with Streptomyces griseus. H. Synthetic Media for the Production

of Streptomycin. SHIROH SHIRATO AND HIRosHI MOTOYAMA.......................706Comparison of Methods for the Isolation of Salmonella from Bone Meal. C. B. GERICHTER

AND I. SEcHER.............................................................. 711Thermal Resistance of Pseudomonas fragi in Milk Containing Various Amounts of Fat.

L. 0. LUEDECKE AND L. G. HARMON..............................................716Histochemical Observations on Mycoplasma after Stainng with Acridine Orange. D. E.

JASPER AND N. C. JAIN........................................................ 720Effect of Zytron and Its Degradation Products on Soil Microorganisms. M. L. FIELDS AND

D. D. HEMPHILL............................................................. 724Sterilizing Effects of High-Intensity Airborne Sonic and Ultrasonic Waves. MICHAEL A.

PISANO, RAYMOND M. G. BOUCHER, AMD I. EDWARD ALCAMo...................... 732Growth and Invasiveness of Candida albicans in the Germ-Free and Conventional Mouse

After Oral Challenge. A. W. PHILLIPS AND EDWARD BALISH........................ 737Effect of Diluent and Relative Humidity on Apparent Viability of Airborne Pasteurella

pestis. WILLIAM D. WON AND HAROLD Ross.................................... 742Role of Methionine in Cephalosporin Synthesis. P. G. CALTRIDER AND H. F. Niss........ 746Durhamycin, a Pentaene Antifungal Antibiotic from Streptomyces durhamensis sp. n. M.

A.GORDoNANDE. W.LAPA.................................................. 754Anaerobic Simulated Mixed Culture System. F. D. SCHAUMBURG AND E. J. KIRSCH...... 761Quantitative Assay of Coxiella burnetli in Mice. MORRIS D. SCHNEIDER, RICHARD EHRLICH,

HERBERT M. YAMASHIROYA, AND SOL MILLER.................................... 767Role of Lipid in the Protection of Staphylococcus aureus Against Trichlorophenol in Mixed

Culture. C. P. TRUBY AND E. 0. BENNETT .............................. 769Toxicity to Rats of Corn Invaded by Chaetomium globosum. C. M. CHRISTENSEN, G. H.

NELSON, C. J. MIROCHA, FERN BATES, AND C. E. DORWORTH....................... 774Variables Affecting the Foam Separation of Escherichia coli. H. W. BRETZ, S. L. WANG,

AND R. B. GRIEVES........................................................... 778Long-Term Preservation of Fungus Cultures with Liquid Nitrogen Refrigeration. SHUH-

WEI HwANG ................................................................. 784Incidence of Mesophilic Clostrodiwn Spores in Raw Pork, Beef, and Chicken in Processing

Plants in the United States and Canada. R. A. GREENBERG, R. B. TOMPKIN, B. 0.BLADEL, R. S. KITrAKA, AND A. ANMLis........................................ 789

Medium Without Rumen Fluid for Nonselective Enumeration and Isolation of RumenBacteria. DANEL R. CALDWELL AND MARVIN P. BRYANT......................... 794

Acetaldehyde Utilization by Leuconostoc Species. T. W. KEENAN, R. C. LINDSAY, ANDE. A. DAY................................................................... 802

Importance of the Isovalerate Carboxylation Pathway of Leucine Biosynthesis in the Rumen.MILTON J. ALLISON, JERRY A. BUCKLIN, AND I. M. ROBINSON...................... 807

Thermal Resistance of Salmonellae and Staphylococci in Foods. CONSTANCE T. THOMAS,J. C. WHITE, AND KARLA LONGREE............................................. 815

Production of Guanosine-5'-Monophosphate and Inosine-5'-Monophosphate by Fermenta-tion. A. L. DEMAIN, M. JACKSON, R. A. VITALI, D. HENDLIN, AND T. A. JACOB ........ 821

Aflatoxin Production and Degradation by Aspergillus flavus in 20-Liter Fermentors. A.

CIEGLER, R. E. PETERSON, A. A. LAGODA, AND H. H. HALL........................ 826

Notes

Ascites Fluid from Immunized Mice as a Source of Plant Virus Antibodies. J. M. REDDE-

CLUFFAND E. H. LUDWIG...................................................... 834Separan NP1O, a Viscosity-Producing Substance in Culture Media. VIcrOR LORIAN AND

NANCY GRAY................................................................ 836Presence of Clostridium botulinum in the Gulf of Venezuela and the Gulf of Darien. BOBBY

J. CARROLL, EPHRAIM S. GARRETT, GLADYS B. REESE, AND BENJAMIN Q. WARD........ 837Erratum................................................................... 838

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No. 6, November 1966Potency of Adenovirus Vaccines: Comparison of Unconcentrated, Concentrated, and Sol-

uble Antigen Preparations. R. R. STRAUSS, N. R. GouLET, 0. C. Liu, AND J. M.BEILER...................................................................... 839

Statistical Evaluation of Electronic and Plate Counts for Estimating Bacterial Populations.G. J. MouNTMEY AND J. O'MALLEY............................................. 845

Action of Chloramphenicol and Its Isomers on Secondary Biosynthetic Processes of Bacillus.EUGENE D. WEINBERG AND SUE M. ToNNIs...................................... 850

Glucose Disappearance in Biological Treatment Systems. JOHN S. JERIS AND RAUL R.CARDENAS, JR................................................................ 857

Steroid Interference with Antifungal Activity of Polyene Antibiotics. WALTER A.ZYGMUNT AND PETER A. TAVORMINA............................................ 865

Formation of the Blue Pigment Indigoidine by Phytopathogenic Erwinia. MORTIMER P.STARR, GLADYS COSENS, AND HANS-JOACHIM KNACKMUSS.......................... 870

Inhibition of Swarming of Proteus by Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate, j3-Phenethyl Alcohol,and p-Nitrophenylglycerine. RUDOLF KoPp, JOHANNES MULLER, AND RENATE LEMME. 873

Prevention of the Emergence of Drug Resistance in Bacteria by Acridines, Phenothiazines,and Dibenzocycloheptenes. CAROLE S. HELLER AND M. G. SEVAG.................. 879

Comparison of Acetate Differential Agar with Sellers Citrate-Mannitol-Agar. JOSEPH T.CORDARO AND ROBERT J. BALL................................................. 886

Effect of Air Ions on Submicron Ti Bacteriophage Aerosols. JOHN W. HAPP, J. BRUCEHARSTAD, AND LEE M. BUCHANAN.............................................. 888

Simple Cultural Test for Relative Cellulolytic Activity of Fungi. GOPAL S. RAUTELA ANDELLIs B. CowLNG............................................................ 892

Adaptation of Pseudomonasfluorescens to Low Levels of Water Activity Produced by Dif-ferent Solutes. SOMLUCK LimsONG AND W. C. FRAZIER.......................... 899

Effect of Mg++ on the Activity of Vancomycin Against Escherichia coli. A. D. RUSsELLAND I. L. THOMAS............................................................ 902

Effect of Electrostatic Charge on the Contamination of Plastic Food Containers by Air-borne Bacterial Spores. LESTER E. BARIBO, JOHN S. AvENs, AND RICHARD D. O'NELL... 905

Survival of Clostridium perfringens DuringBakingand Holding of Turkey Stuffing. MARGYWOODBURN AND CHUNm H. KIM............................................... 914

Changes in the Microflora of Vacuum-packaged, Irradiated Petrale Sole (Eopsetta jordani)Fillets Stored at 0.5 C. GERTCHEN A. PELROY AND MELVIN W. EKLUND.............. 921

Examination of Feces from Food Handlers for Salmonellae, Shigellae, EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens. HERBERT E. HALL AND GEORGE H.HAUSER..................................................................... 928

Microbial Detoxification of Aflatoxin. A. CIEGLER, E. B. LILLEHOJ, R. E. PETERSON, AND

H. H. HALL ................................................................ 934Virustat, a Device for Continuous Production of Viruses. HOMER JACOBSON AND LESLIE

S. JACOBSON................................................................. 940Intracellular Loss of Potassium in Candida albicans After Exposure to Polyene Antifungal

Antibiotics. WALTER A. ZYGMUNT............................................. 953Effect of y Irradiation on the Microflora of Freshwater Fish. II. Generic Identification of

Aerobic Bacteria from Yellow Perch Fillets. N. KAzANAS ........................ 957Production of Enterotoxin A. EIICHI KATO, MAHMOOD KHAN, LUBINKA KUJOVICH, AND

MERLIN S. BERGDOLL......................................................... 966Oxidative Metabolism of Dermatophytes. B. C. MCBRIDE AND J. J. STOCK.............. 973Sensitive Rapid Detection Method for Viable Bacterial Cells. ROBERT A. MACLEOD,

MARILYN LIGHT, LLoYD A. WHITE, AND J. F. CURRIE............................. 979Safe Self-contained Carbon Dioxide-Hydrogen Anaerobic System. JOHN H. BREWER AND

DANIEL L. ALLGEIER.......................................................... 985

3-Propiolactone Vapor Decontamination. ROBERT K. HOFFMAN, LEE M. BUCHANAN, AND

DAVID R. SPINER............................................................. 989Clostridium tetani in a Metropolitan Area: A Limited Survey Incorporating a Simplified

in Vitro Identification Test. THOMAS R. BYRD AND H. L. LEY, JR................... 993

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CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14

Anaerobic Production of Thiobacillus denitrificans for the Enzyme Rhodanese. K. SAR-GEANT, P. W. BUCK, J. W. S. FORD, AND R. G. YEO.............................. 998

Conversion of C'4-Labeled Substrates to Volatile Fatty Acids by the Rumen Microbiota.P. WALLNOFER, R. L. BALDWIN, AND E. STAGNO .................................. 1004

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccine Produced in Chick Embryo Cell Cultures.DAVID M. ROBINSON, SANFORD BERMAN, JOSEPH P. LOWENTHAL, AND FRANK M.HETRICK.................................................................... 1011

Solubilization of Acid-Swollen Cellulose by an Enzyme System from a Species of Alternaria.ROBERT M. LOGAN AND DONALD J. SIEHR....................................... 1015

Effect of Aeration on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillusflavus in SubmergedCulture. A. WALLACE HAYES, NORMAN D. DAVIS, AND URBAN L. DIENER............ 1019

Amino Acid and Vitamin Requirements of Several Bacteroides Strains. GRACE QuIRro. . . 1022Pure Culture Fermentation of Green Olives. J. L. ETCHELLS, A. F. BORG, I. D. KITrEL,

T. A. BELL,PA H. F. FLEMING................................................ 1027

Notes

Rack Permitting Efficient Handling of Tissue Cultures. SAMUEL BARON, CHARLES E.BUCKLER, AND KENNETH K. TAKEMOTO.......................................... 1042

Suppression of Leuconostoc mesenteroides During Isolation of Lactobacilli. J. ORVINMUNDT AM J. L. HAMMER.................................................... 1044

Dispensing Apparatus for Controlling Eh, pH, and Volume of Anaerobic Bacterial andProtozoal Culture Media. PHLETUS P. WILLIAMS ................................ 1045

Acylation of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid by Penicillium chrysogenum. RAYMOND C. ERICK-SON AND LORETrA D. DEAN.................................................... 1047

Effect of Various Inhibitors of Protein and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis on the Growthof Mycoplasmas. JANUSZ BORYSIEWICZ......................................... 1049

Preparation ofType-specific Antisera to Reoviruses. ABBAS M. BEHBEHANI, LOIS C. FOSTER,AND HERBERT A. WENNER..................................................... 1051

Instrumented Quantitation of Live Bacteria in the Presence of Dead Cells. 0. R. Brown. . 1054

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