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Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
System and Solutionsfor Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Tutors: Prof. Romano Fantacci, Ing. Laura Pierucci, Prof. Imrich Chlamtac
PhD final examFirenze, 8th April, 2009
David Tacconi
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Outline Introduction System Architecture Applications and challenges Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Application
scenarios: Routing issues Data management issues
Mobile Social Network (MSN) application scenario: Real implementation Social analysis Routing framework Service evolution
Conclusions
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Introduction Mobile Computing:
the possibility of being able to use a computing device even when being mobile and therefore changing
location Pervasive Computing:
a halo of embedded devices immersed into reality able to provide information to a human or to another device about the environments he is immersed in
Mobile Pervasive Computing: Devices moving around Looking for information from sensing devices Not necessarily connected to a central server Opportunistically exchanging information on the fly
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
System Architecture
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Application ScenariosITS - scenario 1:
Mobile Nodes querying a large WSN (cars looking for a free parking)
With the absence of a central serverNeed for new routing framework to handle a
WSN with a mobile sinkITS - scenario 2:
Mobile nodes querying gateway nodesExchanging information on the flyNeed for new data management techniques for
handling large amount of volatile data
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Application ScenariosMobile Social Networking
Nodes interact among them on the basis of users’ profiles and interests
Groups of friends get created in a localized wayIn particular we deal with:
A real implementation for smartphoneSocial analysis deriving from the use of this
mobile service in a real environmentRouting algorithm based on degree of
friendshipService evolution driven by mobility
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
ITS: mobile sinks querying a large WSN Mobile Sink querying a WSN
Representing cars looking for a parking place System architecture specifically tailored for ITS
scenarios:MS e.g. a carSensing nodes e.g. presence sensorsGateway nodes e.g interface nodes for the MS NOT
providing continuous connection to the MS
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
ITS: the routing framework Geographic forwarding MS experiences
frequent disconnections Deadlock management Mobility prediction Load balancing
strategies Delay aware routing Energy aware routing
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
ITS: simulation results Simulations performed in Omnet++ Network dimensioning Comparative study to evaluate load balancing techniques Time to first node failure evaluated varying mobility and # of nodes
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
ITS: Data management issues Data management and
compression scheme : Are needed in context aware
applications for mobile nodes or in ITS applications
Largely deployed WSN WSN can be considered as a
Sensor Map (Image) Local information has to be
more precise while only coarse approximation can be kept for further information
Wavelet compression and data management scheme can help
Application scenario is described in figure
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Data management for large WSN:Simulation results
Simulation conducted in Omnet++ Large number of sensors (128x128 sensor grid) Variable number of nodes (100 – 600) Variable mobility pattern Distortion between real sensor image and stored sensor image is measured
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Mobile Social Network Scenario: DTN
MN5 MN5
MN3MN 7
MN1
MN2
MN4
MN 6
Node Movement
Opportunistic Information Exchange
BlueTooth Module
WiFi Module
Mobile NodeMN
Back Haul Connection
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
State of the ArtOpportunistic networking has been deeply
investigated from a theoretical point of view:Bionets EU projectHaggle EU projectSeveral conferences and research intiatives
Only few real developments have been proposed:To understand networking performance of the
implemented protocols To investigate social aspects related to
proximity communications
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Motivation for a real implementation Mobile Phones are used:
For Voice/video calls As Messaging device As MP3 player As Cameras To surf the web
What if users could share data: Using their mobile phones Leveraging on proximity communications rather than relying on a
backhaul connection Simply editing their preference and search options every once in a
while Putting the mobile phone in the pocket and then
TRANSPARENTLY exchanging information when meeting other users, according to personal interests
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
A middleware for pervasive environment U-Hopper:
User centric Heterogeneous Opportunistic Middleware
provides users with ‘missing’ functionalities Is Java + Bluetooth based Can be used on every phone with J2ME support or
Linux J2SE laptop Supported applications (december 2008):
Profile editing (limited)Advertisement and Business card exchangeSensor data reading (images) and exchangeContact exchange to trace contact evolutionRing-tones exchange
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
U-Hopper System ArchitectureProfile Manager (PM): handles the creation/update/deletion of the user profile. Such profile can be explicitly created by the user, and dynamically updated on the basis of users daily activities.
Service Container (SC):is the environment where context-aware services are executed. Such Container provides seamless access to resources such as content storage, opportunistic data retrieval, etc.
oContent Manager (CM): ostores permanently any data item considered as relevant to the Interest Manager. It is accessed by the CA for storing any incoming data, and by the SC for augmenting context-aware services.
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
U-Hopper System Architecture
oInterest Manager (IM): omerges the user profile and the requirements originating from the hosted services, into interests, which are a description of the data requested by the user.
oContent Acquisition (CA): ostores/update/removes data according to user preferences and service requirements.
Opportunistic Communication (OC) Unit this engine transparently exchanges data among mobile nodes encountering on the move. Also it is in charge of reading nearby sensors. Such unit periodically searches available data sources, and takes care of all the necessary steps for gathering such information.
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Information exchange
SERVERCLIENTOpen Connection
Send INTERESTS
Send DATARetreive DATA
Send INTERESTS
Retreive DATASend DATA
Close Connection
Store DATA
Store DATA
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
U-Hopper in pills… The middleware:
J2ME version + J2SE versionLeverage on Bluetooth for communicationPersistency: RMS on J2ME and MySQL Db on J2SE
devicesUsed as a pure middleware
Multiple applications with U-HopperP2P data exchange (ring-tones + advertisement)Business cards exchangeSensor data reading and exchangeOthers (not yet implemented…)
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
U-Hopper application: mobile P2P
MN2
Opportunistic Information Exchange
BlueTooth Module
Mobile NodeMN
Interests: U2 / Walk-On
MN1
Interests: U2 / Walk-On
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: an analysis Office environment test bed:
Interests collected through questionnairesContact pattern registered using U-hopper21 participants for a 3 weeks period
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: The contacts patternGraph-based representation of the network
of contacts An edge exists between any 2 vertexes if
contact time is at least 30 minutes per day.
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: emulation results Nodes infection ratio has been evaluated:
Injecting packets in the networkAccording to users’ interestsOn three different formats: text, music videoPackets have a varying TTL
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: introducing the social dimensionQuestionnaires have been distributed:
To understand the real interests of usersTo map networking interaction with real
interestsInterests have been added to users profilesA java simulator has been developed:
With real contact tracesMapping them with real interests
We have defined a metric to understand impact of sociality into opportunistic networking
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: users affinityAffinity :
Preferences are:
The resulting graphs
with affinity>0.75 =>
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: friendship based routing Users exchange data
if their interests match enough
Interests are weighted according to a predefined # of friends K that have those interests
K-nearest friends are selected for info diffusion
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: friendship routing resultsWe evaluated:
Network Infection Rate i.e. how much messages are propagated in the network?
Utility: upon receiving a message, how much does it much user’s interests?
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: the T9 service evolutionOpportunistic networking is used to have a
service evolving in a distributed wayUsers exchange services parameters The service evolve in such a way that user
perception of the service increasesWe defined a mathematical framework to
do thatThe example used is T9 service where we
showed dictionary evolution to better fit users’ request
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
MSN: the T9 service evolution Fitness:
is defined as the satisfaction a user experiences when using a service
The higher the fitness the higher the degree of satisfaction In the T9 example:
User fitness is low if he has to search to many time for a word Fitness is high if all words come at first
Mobile opportunistic networking could help If I meet a user with high fitness he sends me his dictionary My dictionary enlarges and my fitness increases
We have defined an analytical framework and a simulation framework: to understand how the T9 service could evolve with mobile
interactions The impact of mobility for increasing users’ fitness
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Missing word: Bondone, falaise
MSN: T9 distributed evolution
TARGET TEXT: “Shall we meet tonight on the Bondone at 8.00 pm on the falaise?”
Opportunistic Information Exchange
BlueTooth Module
Mobile NodeMN
MN5
Missing word: Bondone,falaise
Fitness really low
Bondone, falaise
MN3
Has the words: Bondone,falaise
Fitness is high
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Conclusion In this work, a system architecture:
has been defined, designed and implemented to work in mobile pervasive environments assuming no centralized connections
The designed system architecture:solve the ITS scenario issues (routing and data
management)deals with the MSN challenges
Challenges of such scenarios have been faced and overcome from:an analytical point of view through an extensive simulation analysis implementing a prototype and applying it to real world
Dottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI cicloDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria informatica, Multimedialita’ e Telecomunicazioni, XXI ciclo David Tacconi David Tacconi
Systems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing EnvironmentsSystems and Solutions for Mobile Pervasive Computing Environments
Firenze, 8th April 2009David Tacconi
Thank You!!!
David Tacconi
Email: [email protected]: www.davidtacconi.com