Tajweed Rules Revision

Tafkheem - تفخيف

• Tafkheem literally means Fattening

• In Tajweed it is the heaviness in the sound of letters

• To create the heaviness in sound, the rear end of the tongue is raised to the roof of the mouth towards the soft palate resulting to more space in the mouth, this creates more pressure towards the top of the mouth.

Letters of Permanent Tafkheem

• The 7 letters of Tafkeem/ Isti’la are:

خص ضغط قظ

• From these seven letters, four letters have a stronger level of heaviness due to raising the middle to front region of the tongue to the roof of mouth.

• Due to the higher level of heaviness, these letters are known as Idbaaq(adhesion )

• ص ض ط ظ

• Rest of the letters are Tarqeeq meaning they are flat and sound empty

Practise

Hamzatul Wasl

Hamzatul Wasl • Hamzatul Wasl appears at the beginning of

some words.

• It has no vowel written on it, but instead holds the head of the letter ص.

• It is pronounced only when no other word proceeds it, otherwise it is skipped.

• It can be found in Nouns, Verbs and participles.

Hamzatul Wasl in Verbs

• To determine the vowel we need to apply on Hamzatul Wasl, we need to look at the Third Letter in the word

• Letters that hold a Shaddah are classed as two letters.

• Hamzatul wasl in a verb can either start with a Dhammah or a Kasra

Kasra on Hamzatul Wasl in Verbs

• For Hamzatul Wasl to hold a Kasra, the third letter in the verb needs to hold either a Fat’ha or a Kasra.

Kasra on Hamzatul Wasl in Verbs Part 2

• There are certain words that may hold a Dhammah on third letter yet we have to pronounce the Hamzatul wasl with Kasra

• This is due to the command verb being changed to address a group i.e. plural.

Surah Yunus 71

Surah Al-Kahf 21

Surah Al-Hijr 65

Surah Saad 6

Surah Taha 64

Surah Al-Ahqaf 4

Dhammah on Hamzatul Wasl in Verbs

• For the Hamzatul Wasl to hold a Dhammah, the third letter in the verb needs to hold a Dhammah.

Hamzatul Wasl in regular & irregular Nouns

• Hamzatul wasl in regular nouns always start with Kasra. i.e

• Hamzatul Wasl in irregular nouns hold a Kasrah on the hamzah al-wasl. If we read these words with a preceding word then the Hamzatul Wasl is dropped. There are only 7 words which are:

Hamzatul Wasl in the Definite Article “The”

• Hamzatul Wasl in a word with the laam of the definite article "the" is always read with a fat-ha .

Qalqalah

Qalqalah

• Qalqalah literally means shaking .

• Its meaning in Tajweed is the shaking of the Makhraj( Articulation point) of specific letters as though there is an echo when pronouncing these letters.

• This is a characteristic these letters have, though it is heard when connecting on to these letters

• The letters are mentioned by Imam Jazari as :

Levels of Qalqalah

Big Qalqalah

• This occurs when stopping on a word which ends with a Qalqalah letter holding a Shaddah e.g

Medium Qalqalah

• This occurs when stopping on a word ending with a Qalqalah letter holding a vowel or Sukun

Small Qalqalah

• This occurs when joining on to a Qalqalah letter in the middle of a word or at the end of the word but not stopping.

Task

• For each example, discuss with your partner:

1. Where the Qalqalah is

2. What level is it

3. How to apply it the qalqalah

Madd

Madd/Stretch

• Madd literally means to lengthen /extend.

• Its meaning in Tajweed is stretching the sound with Madd letters.

• Conditions of basic madd:

– Fatha followed by Alif sakina

– Dhamma followed by Waw sakina

– Kasra followed by Yaa sakina

The timing for each of the above will be two vowel counts. (1 second)

Examples of Madd

Alif Madd

• ا

Waw Madd

• و

Yaa Madd

• ي

Note: Madd will not apply is the madd is at the end of a word and the following word begins with sakin, in that case you join directly on to that word. i.e.

Ghunnah

What is Ghunna?

• The definition is a sound that is produced from the nasal passage.

• It is a permanent characteristic of the two letters ن & م

• It is a humming sound that is articulated from the hole in the nose that continues towards in side the mouth

Complete Ghunna اكمل غنة

• This Ghunna holds the longest duration of Ghunna and is the most clearest.

• This occurs when in two situations:

– When either ن or م hold a shaddah

– Idghaam with Ghunaa ينمو of Noon Sakina or Tanween (explored further later).