Development of Superconducting Development of Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators Magnets for Particle Accelerators and Detectors in High Energy and Detectors in High Energy PhysicsPhysics
Takakazu Shintomi and Akira Yamamoto
On behalf of US-Japan collaboration carried out with KEK, University of Tsukuba (Japan)and FNAL, BNL, LBNL (USA)
1US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
Progress and Progress and AchievementAchievementYears Projects Contribution Progress Participation
1981 - 1996 High field dipoles
10 T dipole Nb3Sn dipoleSuperconductors
Champion data
Improvement of Jc
FNAL, BNL, LBNL, KEK
1980 CDF Central solenoid(prototype)
Longest stable operation
FNAL, U. Tsukuba, KEK
1988 - 1994 SSC Accelerator magnets 6.6 T 1m and 13 m dipoles
SSC, FNAL, BNL, LBNL, KEK
1989 - SDC detector solenoid 2 T, thin solenoid prototype
FNAL, KEK
1987 - 1993 Muon G-2 SR magnets andInflector
BNL, KEK
1995 - 2006 LHC IRQ FNAL, KEK, CERN (not funded by US-J)
2006 - LHC upgrade Nb3Al conductor and cabling
NIMS, FNAL, BNL, KEK, CERN(not funded by US-J)
2002 - 2004 J-PARC T2K, neutrino beam line Corrector magnet
Coil winding and Conductive cooling
BNL, KEK
2US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
ObjectiveObjective
To develop superconducting magnets for high energy accelerators and particle detectors
The program was performed between KEK and BNL, FNAL and LBNL since 1981 to present◦Development of superconducting accelerator
and detector magnets ◦Development of superconducting wires
And succeeded to further programs
3US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
Development of Superconducting Development of Superconducting MagnetsMagnets
High field magnets with Nb-Ti wire◦ 10 tesla dipole reached to Bm = 10.4 tesla (left)
◦ SSC dipole: 5 cm ID, 6.6 tesla, 13 m longHigh field magnets with Nb3Sn wire
◦ W&R race track coil: 800 mm long◦ Double shell dipole: 600 mm long, 132 mm ID (right)
Al stabilized SC coil, and inflector magnet for g-2 at BNL
10 T dipole
Nb3Sn dipole
4US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
g-2 Experiment at BNLg-2 Experiment at BNL
Ring SC CoilCross-Section View of Storage Ring
Inflector
5US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
Contribution to very high precision magnetic field inmain muon storage ring:- SC coil, Iron pole piece, and SC inflector
SSC Dipole Magnet R&DSSC Dipole Magnet R&D
Developed eleven 1 m model dipoles◦Successfully tested
Developed one 13 m full size dipole◦Successfully tested
and reached 6.6 tesla nominal magnetic field
6US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
Successive Programs in Successive Programs in 22ndnd Stage Stage
The program for the LHC insertion region quadrupole (IRQ) magnet started in 1995, and was completed successfully in 2006
The technologies achieved were succeeded to superconducting magnets for KEK-B IRQ, and the J-PARC neutrino beam line
Also, these technologies have been succeeded to magnet development for the LHC luminosity upgrade, high intensity muon beam, and so on
7US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
Collaboration with CERN for LHC-Collaboration with CERN for LHC-IRQIRQ
The collaboration for LHC Insertion Region Quadrupole (IRQ) magnets started in 1995 and was successfully completed in 2006 by collaboration with KEK, FNAL and CERN
Sixteen IRQ magnets plus four spares were fabricated
KEK designed and developed technologies which were transferred to an industry
KEK tested all the quads and they satisfied the LHC-IRQ requirements
The magnets were assembled into cryostat at FNAL and delivered to CERN on schedule
8US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
G = 215 T/m, Aperture = 70 mm, B ~ 9 T
L= 5.5 m (FNAL) or 6.37 m (KEK) Higher Order Multipoles < 1 unit (10-4) Beam Heating: 5 ~ 10 W/m
MQXA MQXB MQXAMQXB
6.372.985
5.5 5.52.715
6.37
MCBXAMCBXH/V
b3b6
MCBXMCBXH/V
MQSX
1.0
TASB
MCBXMCBXH/V
Q3 Q2 Q1
MCSOXa3a4b4
DFBX
IP
KEK KEKFNAL
LHC-IRQLHC-IRQ
9US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
LHC-IRQ ProductionLHC-IRQ Production
Production was on schedule in just 3years
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ProductionTested at KEK
Month
Started 01-6
04-0103-0102-01
2004-6
10US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
LHC-IRQ Performance TestLHC-IRQ Performance Test• 1.9 K:• Training quench 230 T/m (~ 9 T)230 T/m (~ 9 T)• Full energy dump @215 T/m• Fast ramp test @150 A/s• Field measurement• To reach 220 T/m w/o quench• Electrical insulation test
1.5 kV @ 4.2 K He-gas
11US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
LHC-IRQ Quench HistoryLHC-IRQ Quench History
5000
6000
7000
8000
QuenchNo Quench
Quench Current (A)
MQXA-1 2 3 5 4
215 T/m
230 T/m
Quench Sequence
2b
Thermal cycle
Thermal cycle
7 106 9 8 111st T.C.
1912 13
Thermal cycle
14 15112nd
T.C.
16
Bore modification
17 18
Warm bore tube for field measurement attached to the coil and coil temperature increased
Quench history is one of the most important characteristics with field quality
12US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
SummarySummaryThe program for development of superconducting
magnets for high energy accelerators and particle detectors was successful and various technologies have been achieved
The technologies developed by the Japan-US Collaboration Program were succeeded to the Japan-CERN collaboration for LHC-IRQ
The successive programs such as the J-PARC neutrino beam line magnet stand on these technologies
The future programs for superconducting magnet development such as the LHC upgrade are important for high energy physics
The successful development of these programs is owing to the collaboration with industries
13US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
AppendicesAppendices
14US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
Development of Development of Superconducting WiresSuperconducting WiresDevelopment of Nb-Ti wire with industryDevelopment of Nb-Ti (Ta) wireDevelopment of Nb3Sn wire
for high field magnet beyond 10 teslaThe effort has been succeeded to develop Nb3Al wire for higher
field magnet0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Jc (kA/mm
2 @ 4.2K, 5T)
Year
Lab. scale
Commercial
Tevatron
SSC
Our achievement
LHC
Ni-Ti wire
15US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
LHC-IRQ Field QualityLHC-IRQ Field Quality
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
a6 a7 a8 a9 a10-2
-1
0
1
2
a3 a4 a5Multipole-coefficients
an, units
-2
-1
0
1
2
b3 b4 b5 b6Multipole coefficients
bn, units
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
b7 b8 b9 b10
AllowanceCoil oval deformation
16US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium
LHC-IRQLHC-IRQ
Production , Test Assembly Installation ① ② ☞ ③ ☞ ④ ☞ ⑤
①
②
③
⑤
④
17US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium