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Universal Design Principles Summer school July 23, 2015 Tallinn University Vladimir Tomberg, Ph.D.
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Universal Design Principles
Summer schoolJuly 23, 2015
Tallinn University
Vladimir Tomberg, Ph.D.
About myself
• BSc and MSc in Informatics
• PhD in Education Sciences • Design team leader in
Learning Layers FP7 project
• Teaching Design for All and Accessibility Workshop in TLU HCI master curricula
Design for ALL 3
One Size Fits All
“… the human interface of some software applications gives the impression that the designer’s model of the user was a 25-year-old male with a doctorate in computer science who is besotted with technology and is more interested in playing with a computer than in completing useful job of work!”
Alistair D. N. Edwards
Design for ALL 4
Typical Persona: no Data About Personal Abilities
Image courtesy of http://barnabasnagy.net/
Design for ALL 5
What is the difference?Dependency and Autonomy During Life
Image courtesy of Design For All Foundation
Design for ALL 6
Functions that Participate in Interaction and Affect Design
Vision
Hearing
Thinking
Communication
Locomotion
Reach & stretch
Dexterity
User capabilities from inclusive design toolkit
Design for ALL 7
Set of Personas in http://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com
Design for ALL 8
Persona with Important Personal Factors Listed
• Rose is an 83 year old great grandmother. Although fiercely independent, she struggles with everyday tasks like shopping, cooking and housework. Carol and David need to come round most days to help.
• She still greatly enjoys an active social life - including her regular bridge and quiz night every week and going out for meals with the whole family.
• Unlike David, Rose has come to accept her hearing aid as a necessity. She has worn reading glasses for many years and always carries them with her.
9
Good Design Addresses Multitude of Abilities
How to address needs of everyone?
The answer is − Universal Design
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The History of Design by Sooshin Choi
Design for ALL
Source: http://livewellcollaborative.org/
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The Classic UD Example − a Ramp or Curb Cut
Design for ALLSource: kohhranthianghlim.org
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The Origins of Influences and Ideas
Design for ALLJohn Clarkson, P., Coleman, R., History of Inclusive Design in the UK, Applied Ergonomics (2013)
Design for ALL 14
Universal Design Example
Image: tapsuk.com
Design for ALL 15
Another Example
Image: fslocal.com
Design for ALL 16
One More Example
Image: collectionscanada.gc.ca
Design for ALL 17
The hierarchical structure of the universal design principles
Transcending principles• Equity
Process related principles• Flexibility• Error-management• Efficiency• Stability/predictability
Human factors principles• Ergonomic• Perception• Cognition
Hig
her l
evel
pla
ces
desi
gn c
onst
rain
ts o
n th
e lo
wer
leve
l
More general More encompa-ssing
More detailed More narrowly defined More specific
Universal Design Strategies
Design for ALL 19
Equitable Use
Source: livewellcollaborative.org
Design for ALL 20
Stable and Predictable Principle
Erlandson, R. F. (2010). Universal and accessible design for products, services, and processes. CRC Press.
Design for ALL 21
Stable and Predictable Principle
Erlandson, R. F. (2010). Universal and accessible design for products, services, and processes. CRC Press.
Design for ALL 22
Stable and Predictable Principle
Erlandson, R. F. (2010). Universal and accessible design for products, services, and processes. CRC Press.
Design for ALL 23
Efficiency Design Strategies
Reduce or eliminate non-value-added activity (NVAA)
Design for ALL 24
Error-Managed (Proofed) Principle
My favorite example!
Design for ALL 25
Error-Managed Design Strategies
Prevent errors at the sourceImage source: blog.crazyegg.com
Design for ALL 26
Cognition Principle
Example: Color coding in Wal-Mart
Image: zocalopublicsquare.org Source: google.com
Design for ALL 27
Feedback
Use feedback to keep the user informed as to the status of the entity’s operations and the entity’s response to user inputs
Design for ALL 28
Perception Principle
Source: somewhere in Internet
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Something about Memory and Universal Design
Design for ALLSource: Facebook
To make really Universal Designthink about diverse audience!
Empathic Modeling by Wiseman (1996) “A concept analysis of
empathy”• See the world as others see it;• Be nonjudgmental;• Understand another's feelings;• Communicate the understanding
Case of Empathic Modeling in TLU
• The experimental DfA course (16 hours in class, four home tasks);
• 16 HCI curricula master students;• 8 women and 8 men;• Software developers (3 persons), usability
engineers (3), designers (5), QA specialists (2), marketing (3) or HR (1) specialists and managers (4), no previous ICT education (2)
The Task: Go from point A to point Bby simulating some form of deterioration
Chosen Disabilities
• Person in a wheelchair;• With a pushchair;• With limited vision; • With limited dexterity;• With osteoporosis;• With broken leg;• Without arms;• Foreigner
A student with tied arms simulating a person without arms (left) and a student with a handicap in a backpack
simulating osteoporosis (right)
Identified Obstacles In a
wheelchairWith a pushchair
Limitedvision
Limited dexterity
Broken leg
Without arms
Foreigner
Heavy doors, difficult to open X X X X
Dustbins under Elevator Button X X X
Buttons are too close to each other X X X
Security button in an elevator is located too high
X
Absence of lifts X X X X
Confusing navigation x X X X X X X
Absence of ramps X X X
Understanding the instructions and signs
X
Student One
"This exercise was a new experience for me, because I have never put myself in the position of an old or disabled person before and have not thought of all the possible constraints and obstacles that they may meet on their way"
Student Two
"For me this exercise was very useful and engaging. I could never imagine how really hard it can be for a person that is limited in motion to get from point A to B in our university.
After walking around the university I really understood how necessary it is to communicate to people, while designing for them and to test the creations with them in order to make the design actually usable. Apparently, this principle is fair for every design field, including HCI”
Student Three
"When analyzing HCI examples I can’t stop thinking of user-centered design as the primary criteria of assessment. Essentially it is about the same things in the real life defined by Don Norman: the affordances must be clear, there must be clear indication of the state of the system, the error messages must be understandable and the feedback must be relevant, etc"
