Date post: | 18-Jan-2018 |
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Tariffs and Nullification
Different Economies–The North:• Fishing, shipbuilding industry and
naval supplies, trade and port cities • Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers,
manufacturing (textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.)
–The South• Large farms/plantations, cash crops
(tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood products, small farms • Slavery
More Tariff Issues• Congress passed a high tariff on goods import
from Europe–Manufactures, especially in NE, were happy–Made European goods more expensive;
wanted people to buy American–Southerners hated the tariff because they
traded cotton for manufactured goods• Would have to now pay more for these items
Nullification & Secession• Some Southerners called for
secession• Calhoun argued for nullification,
canceling a federal law a state considered unconstitutional– Claimed that states have rights
and powers independent of the federal gov’t
– States created the federal gov’t & should have the last word on decisions affecting them
Let the Debates Begin• Webster-Hayne
Debate–Hayne wanted
state sovereignty–Webster argued for
national sovereignty & that nullification would end the Union
The VP Steps Down• Jackson defends the Union; shocked Calhoun,
his VP• Calhoun won election to the Senate and
stepped down as VP
• The Nullification Crisis grew and the threat to the Union intensified
Nullification Act• Congress passed a lower
tax; Southerners were still not happy
• SC legislature passed the Nullification Act– Said that they would
not pay the “illegal” tariffs
– Threatened to secede if the federal gov’t interfered
Clay to the Rescue Again• Jackson supported a compromise bill by Clay– Would lower the tariff– AJ made sure that the South would accept it first
• AJ persuaded Congress to pass the Force Bill, allowed the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress
• SC accepted the compromise tariff and put aside the Nullification Act
• Crisis between a state and the federal gov’t was over for the time being