Date post: | 23-Oct-2014 |
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Task-Based Learning (TBL)Prepared by:
Edward Almazan; Jesseca Ancheta; Melvilyn Decano; Jestoni Grande
What is a task?
------ Jane Willis
A task is an activity "where thetarget language is used by the learner for a communicativepurpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome.“
Types of tasks
1. Listing
brainstormingfact-finding
Outcome:
Completed list or draft mind map.
Types of tasks…
2. Ordering and sorting
sequencingrankingcategorizingClassifying
Outcome:
Set of information ordered and
sorted according to specified criteria
Types of tasks…
3. Comparing
matchingfinding similaritiesfinding differences
Outcome:Could be items appropriately matched orassembled, or the identification of similaritiesand/or differences.
Types of tasks…
4. Problem solving
analyzing real situationsanalyzing hypothetical situationsreasoningdecision making
Outcome:Solutions to the problem, which can then be evaluated.
Types of tasks…
5. Sharing personal experiences
narratingdescribingexploring and explainingattitudes, opinions, reactions
Outcome:Largely social.
6. Creative Tasks
brainstormingfact-findingordering and sortingcomparingproblem solving and many others
Outcome:End product which can be appreciated by a wider audience.
Types of tasks…
Some Characteristics of Tasks
•Tasks are activities in which students work purposefully towards an objective.
• The objective may be one that they have set for themselves or one which has been set by the teacher.
•Tasks may be carried out individually or (more often) in groups.
Some Characteristics of Tasks...
•Tasks may be carried out in competition with others or (more often) in collaboration.
•The outcome may be something concrete (e.g. a report or presentation) or something intangible (e.g. agreement or the solution to a problem).
TBA provides a structured framework for both instruction and assessment.
PRE-TASK
TASKPREPARATION
TASKREALISATION
POST-TASK
Task-Based Methodology Framework
Introduction to the topic and task, and brainstorming
were done here.
In this stage, preparation to the given task takes placed.
It is where the task was being performed.
Feedback, reflection, and evaluation take placed in
this stage.
Principles Behind TBL
Classwork is organized as a sequence of task;
Tasks generate the language to be used, not vice-versa;
Principles Behind TBL…
Main focus on final task to be done;
TBL highlights the instrumental value of language.
ADVANTAGES OF TBL
• As the tasks are likely to be familiar to the students (eg: visiting the doctor), students are more likely to be engaged, which may further motivate them in their learning.
Advantages…
• In terms of interaction, information gap tasks in particular have been shown to promote negotiation of meaning and output modification.
Advantages…
• It is more student-centered
• Allows more meaningful communication
DISADVANTAGES OF TBL
• Students will stay within the narrow confines of familiar words and forms.
• Some students can "hide" and rely on others to do the bulk of the work and learning.
Disadvantages…
• Difficulty of implementing task-based teaching where classes are large and space limited and/or inflexible.
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