TAURANGAMOANADESIGNPRINCIPLES

Objective of the Principles The key objective of the Principles is to enhance the protection, re-instatement, development and articulation of mana whenua cultural landscapes enabling all of us (mana whenua, mataawaka, tauiwi and manuhiri) to connect to and deepen our ‘sense of place’.

The Ministry for the Environment published the New Zealand Urban Design Protocol (UDP) in March 2005. It was recognised that a clear Māori voice and meaningful involvement in the creation of the UDP had been absent, and that the process undertaken in the development of the protocols did not adequately engage with Māori interests. A Hui of Māori professionals working across the design disciplines, the resource management sector and representatives of iwi/hapū organisations from across Aotearoa/New Zealand gathered first at Waitākere in June 2006 and then in November the same year at Te Aranga Marae in Flaxmere. This Hui discussed and formulated a draft National Māori Cultural Landscape Strategy. The resultant Te Aranga Māori Cultural Landscape Strategy represented the first concerted and cohesive effort by Māori to articulate Māori interests and design aspirations in the built environment.

Whilst this forum was originally convened to discuss the challenges faced by Māori in the urban realm, it was clearly expressed that hapū and iwi rohe encompass all parts of the physical environment and that the term 'urban design' did not resonate with a connected Māori worldview. This fundamental position resulted in the adoption of the term 'Māori cultural landscape' as embracing the landscape in its widest form. "As Māori we have a unique sense of our cultural landscapes. It includes past present and future. It includes both physical and spiritual dimensions. It is how we express ourselves in our environments, it connects whānau, whenua, awa and moana through whakapapa, it includes both urban and rural, it is not just where we live it is who we are." (Te Aranga Maori Cultural Landscape Strategy 2006: www.tearanga.maori.nz)

A set of seven outcome-oriented design principles emerged from the foundation work of Te Aranga and other projects, including Kaitiakitanga o ngā ngahere pōhatu: Kaitiakitanga of urban settlements (2011), a report commissioned by the Ministry of Science and Innovation that builds on a growing body of research and represents the most comprehensive research completed to date. The report identifies key elements of Mātauranga Māori that can be incorporated into urban planning to allow Māori aspirations to be fulfilled, while also complementing and improving existing urban planning practices.

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The Principles seek to foster and guide both culturally appropriate design processes and design responses that enhance all of our appreciation of the natural, landscape and built environment. The Principles are intended as an enabling strategic foundation for iwi/hapū to adopt, customise and further develop in response to local context. The principles also provide other stakeholders and the design community with a clearer picture as to how iwi/hapū are likely to view, value and wish to participate in the design and development of the public space within their ancestral rohe.

The use of the Principles is based on the development of high quality durable relationships being developed between iwi/hapū, their mandated design professionals and local and central government. Robust relationships between these groups provide opportunities for unlocking a rich store of design potential. The Tauranga Moana Design Principles have been further refined through meetings with mana whenua and it is envisaged that Iwi inputs to the Principles will be ongoing. Case studies have continued to reveal that existing mainstream urban design approaches and guidelines (e.g. New Zealand Urban Design Protocol) are insufficient in ensuring enhanced environmental outcomes for mana whenua.

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The Core Māori Values

Core Māori values have informed the development of earlier Māori design principles (Te Aranga Māori Design principles).

These process-oriented principles have provided the foundation for, and underpin the application of, the outcome-oriented Tauranga Moana Design Principles.

1. Rangatiratanga:

The right to exercise authority and self-determination within one’s own iwi / hapū realm.

2. Kaitiakitanga:

Managing and conserving the environment as part of a reciprocal relationship, based on the Māori world view that we as humans are part of the natural world.

3. Manaakitanga:

The ethic of holistic hospitality whereby mana whenua have inherited obligations to be the best hosts they can be.

4. Wairuatanga:

The immutable spiritual connection between people and their environments.

5. Kotahitanga:

Unity, cohesion and collaboration.

6. Whanaungatanga:

A relationship through shared experiences and working together which provides people with a sense of belonging.

7. Mātauranga:

Māori/mana whenua knowledge and understanding.

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These core Māori values are seen as underpinning and guiding the application of the seven Tauranga Moana Design Principles. Once agreed upon by all parties involved, the Tauranga Moana Design Principles will be incorporated into the Tauranga City Centre Spatial Framework 2017 to guide further development in the Te Papa peninsula public realm.

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1. Mana Rangatiratanga/Ahikāroa: Authority

Outcome: The status of iwi and hapū (Ngāi Tamarawaho, Ngāti Tapu and Ngāi Tukairangi) as Mana whenua on the Te Papa peninsula is recognised and respected. Hapū will continue to debate which existing or old hapū have status on Te Papa. Attributes:

• Recognises Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi and the Wai 262 Ko Aotearoa Tēnei framework for Treaty Partnerships in 21st Century Aotearoa New Zealand as the basis for all relationships pertaining development.

• Provides a platform for working relationships where mana whenua values, worldviews, tikanga, cultural narratives and visual identity can be appropriately expressed in the design environment.

• High quality Treaty based relationships are fundamental to the application of the other Tauranga Moana Design Principles.

Application:

• The development of high-level Treaty based relationships with mana whenua is essential prior to progressing design approaches and will maximise the opportunities for design outcomes.

• It is important to identify any primary Mana whenua groups as well as wider mana whenua interests in any given development.

Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in Tauranga on 10 April 1840 at The Elms

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2. Whakapapa: Names & Naming Outcome: Māori names are celebrated and reinstall pride. Attributes:

• Recognises and celebrates the significance of mana whenua ancestral names.

• Recognises ancestral names as entry points for exploring and honouring tūpuna, historical narratives and customary practises associated with development sites and their ability to enhance sense of place connections.

• While it may take some time for residents and visitors to get used to new names, name changes also ensure that the whakapapa of culturally significant sites is better understood, and the history of the site is valued and respected.

• Where new names are to be developed for streets, laneways, public art etc. a recognised process is established with Mana whenua.

Application:

• Mana whenua consultation and research on the use of correct ancestral names, including macrons.

• Recognition of traditional place names through signage and wayfinding. • Use of Pou and other Mana whenua marking devices to display

ancestral connections to the whenua and moana. • Use of appropriate names (whether existing or yet-to-be- created

names) to inform design processes. • Follow the Tauranga City Council Naming of Streets, Reserves and

Council Facilities Policy (see Attachment 1)

Te Kahui Matariki by James Tapiata are located on the northern end of The Strand, Tauranga

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3. Taiao: The Natural Environment

Outcome:

The natural environment is protected, restored and/or enhanced Attributes:

• Sustains and enhances the natural environment. • Local flora and fauna which are familiar and significant to mana whenua are

key natural landscape elements within urban and/or modified areas • Natural environments are protected, restored or enhanced to levels where

sustainable mana whenua harvesting is possible. • Achieves a wider overall cultural and environmental outcome that might

otherwise not have been achieved without the development occurring. • Recognise atua: Ranginui, Papatūānuku, Tangaroa, Tane-mahuta

Tāwhirimātea, Tūmatauenga, Rongo, Haumia-tiketike, Urutengangana, Ruaumoko etc. and their interconnections.

Application:

• Re-establishment of local biodiversity. • Creating and connecting ecological corridors • Planting of appropriate local indigenous flora in public places. • Strategies to encourage native planting in private spaces. • From volunteered local Mana whenua narratives develop a native plant

inventory to draw from when developing detailed streetscape and landscape design and planting plans.

• Selection of plant and tree species as science/seasonal markers and attractors of native bird life. E.g. watercress planted in streams is edible when water is healthy.

• Establishment and management of traditional food and cultural resource areas allowing for active kaitiakitanga.

• Use of the Tauranga City Centre Spatial Framework 2017, Green Necklace (Korowai Taiao?) reserves (e.g. Aspen Reserve/ waterfront etc.) and streets (e.g. Elizabeth Street) for this restoration of the natural environment.

Pohutukawa on Tauranga Waterfront framing a view to Mauao

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4. Mauri Tū: Environmental Health

Outcome:

Environmental health is protected, maintained and / or enhanced Attributes:

• The wider development area, all elements and developments within the site are considered based on protecting, maintaining or enhancing mauri.

• The quality of wai, whenua, ngāhere and air are actively monitored. • Water, energy and material resources are conserved. • Community wellbeing is enhanced through the principle of Oranga, which

pertains to holistic wellness or health and can be applied to both environmental and physical health.

Application:

Whai/stingray regularly cruise along the edge of the Tauranga Waterfront, feeding as they go.

• Daylighting, restoration and planting of waterways. • Contaminated areas of soil are remediated. • Rainwater collection systems, grey-water recycling systems and passive

solar design opportunities are explored in the design process. • Hard landscape and building materials which are locally sourced and of

high cultural value to mana whenua are explored in the design process. • Excavated material is re-used on site, where possible. • Imported materials are carefully sourced to ensure no adverse ground

contamination. • Ensuring construction materials are chosen to minimise heavy metal

runoff into the stormwater system. • Utilising the proposed vehicular and other pathway networks, develop

looped walking/running/cycling tracks around the CBD and reserves on the Te Papa peninsula to promote both physical fitness and connectivity between residents, neighbours and kaitiaki. Such loop routes allow for all

11levels of fitness from a 1km daily stroll to a 10 lap jogging/cycling circuit. • Individual and/or communal food gardening areas using local stormwater

for watering purposes in areas with intensive residential development.

5. Tohu: The Wider Cultural Landscape

Outcome:

Acknowledgement of mana whenua significant sites and cultural landmarks.

Attributes:

• Acknowledges a Māori worldview of the wider significance of tohu/ landmarks and their ability to inform the design of specific development public spaces.

• Supports a process whereby significant sites can be identified, managed, protected and enhanced.

• Celebrates local and wider unique cultural heritage and community characteristics that re-inforce sense of place and identity

Application:

• Recognition of tohu, including wāhi tapu, maunga, awa, motu, puna, mahinga kai and ancestral kainga e.g. tohu lines can be developed using a GIS record of significant sites.

• Allows creation, preservation and enhancement of visual connection to significant sites.

• Wider cultural landmarks beyond the site and associated narratives inform the building/spatial orientation and general design responses.

• Use of heritage trails, markers and interpretation boards in the wider landscape.

Mauao is the sacred mountain at the entrance to Tauranga Harbour (Ko Mauao te maunga tapu i te awa o Tauranga)

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6. Mahi Toi: Creative Expression

Outcome:

Iwi/hapū narratives are captured and expressed creatively, celebrating the knowledge and identity, through a co-creation process.

Attributes:

• Ancestral names, local tohu and iwi narratives are creatively re-inscribed into the design environment including landscape architecture, interior design and public art.

• Iwi/hapū mandated design professionals and artists (e.g. master carvers, weavers and designers) are appropriately engaged in such processes.

• Iwi/hapū narratives can tell a very important environmental story to enable better appreciation of the environmental and ecological potential significance in the land.

Application:

• Mana whenua assist in establishing design teams, which are equipped to translate iwi/hapū cultural narratives into the design environment.

• Co-created civic/shared landscapes to reflect local iwi/ hapū identity and contribute to sense of place.

• Re-inscribe iwi/hapū narratives in the environment through public art and design.

• Mana whenua approved artists are given the opportunity to submit proposals for sculptural installations.

Part of ‘Te Hononga O Nga Wai E Rua’, the Ngai Tamarawaho panel on the Monmouth police station

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7. Ahi Kā: The Living Presence Outcome:

Iwi/hapū have a living and enduring presence and are secure and valued within their rohe. Attributes:

Tamariki at play in the playground at Tauranga

• Mana whenua live, work and play within their own rohe. • Acknowledges the post Treaty of Waitangi settlement environment

where iwi living presences can include customary, cultural, residential, recreational and commercial dimensions.

• Living iwi/hapū presences and associated kaitiaki roles are resumed within urban areas.

Application:

• Access to natural resources (weaving species, mahinga kai, waterways, etc.) facilitates, maintains and /or enhances mana whenua ahi kā and kaitiakitanga.

• Civic/iwi joint venture developments ensure ahi kā and sense of place relationships are enhanced e.g. projects to bring the younger generation back into the CBD.

• Iwi/private sector joint venture developments enhance employment and ahi kā relationships.

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Tauranga Moana Design Principles:

Summary of Project Delivery Process

TCC Bulk Fund City Centre Projects in Long Term Plan (Every Three Years) Iwi/hapū engagement framework established at conceptualisation of projects. Mana whenua representatives involved in discussion with Technical Advisory Group (TAG), City Transformation Committee (CTC) and Elected Members.

Projects Prioritised by TCC Staff using Indicative Delivery Schedule based on Tauranga City Centre Spatial Framework 2017. Collaborative consultation with iwi/hapū undertaken to determine project priority.

Elected Members approve List of Projects Mana whenua informed of list so that discussion around future needs can occur at hapū level.

Design brief developed for Individual Projects Mana whenua engaged to collaboratively develop the brief.

TCC Staff engage Designer for a Project Concept Design Mana whenua provide a Cultural Influence on the brief and ensure that the design reflects the Tauranga

Moana Design Principles 2017.

Elected Members approve Concept Design (and Proposed Budget) Mana whenua contributes to the presentation to TAG, CTC and Elected Members.

If required, Elected Members approve Detailed Design and Construction (and Final Budget) Mana whenua representatives involved in presentation to TAG, CTC and Elected Members.

Project Constructed Mana whenua assist with appropriate material acquisition and monitor the delivery of cultural elements of the final 15 design.