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Tawa pilot webinar

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Powerpoint presentation from the webinar presented as part of the Tawa literacy pilot course.
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Tawa Literacy Pilot WEBINAR November 10 th , 2010
Transcript
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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

WEBINAR  

November  10th,  2010  

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Webinar Agenda

1.  Introduction and overview 2. Teaching the comprehension strategy of drawing

inferences using the metacognitive model 3. Strategies that ‘go’ with drawing inferences:

a)  Making connections b)  Visualising c)  Asking questions

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Webinar Agenda

4.  Scaffolding – the research evidence – how we can accelerate achievement for diverse student groups – Māori, Pasifika, ESL students, and students with special needs

5. Matching students and text – a ‘content literacy’ view 6. Grouping but not as we know it… 7. Inquiry learning within comprehension teaching

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

1.  IntroducBon  and  overview  

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Introducing

Neale  Pitches  ONZM,  BA,  MEd  Admin  (Hons),  Dip  Tchg    

Forty  years  in  educa@on:        -­‐  English  and  history  teacher,  Hillmorton  and  Dunstan    

     -­‐  DP  Wellington  High                      -­‐  Principal  Onslow  College  

     -­‐  CEO  Learning  Media        -­‐  Co-­‐founder  South  Pacific  Press  and  LiL  Educa@on  

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The  issue:  Comprehension  

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2008 NEMP

The Results for reading and writing show no improvement in reading comprehension (and some small performance declines) for year 4 and year 8 students in the last 8 years (Crooks, Smith and Flockton, 2009)

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2005/6 PIRLS

Pacific achievement decreased between 2001 and 2005/6

(Chamberlain, 2007)

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In General

The weakest average achievement is for Pasifika and Māori boys, along with Pasifika girls

(Generalised from NEMP and PIRLS)

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

2. Teaching the comprehension strategy of drawing inferences using the metacognitive model  

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What is the metacognitive model?

A way of teaching where the students learn the concepts and content being taught and how they think and learn as they work through the learning.

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MetacogniBon  

It  is  important  that  students  are  ac@vely  taught  to  be  aware    

of  what  literacy  exper@se  they  are  using  and  how  they  are  using  it  …  

this  metacogni@ve  awareness  enables  them  to  become  independent  

readers  and  writers.      

(Literacy Learning Progressions 2010)

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The  MetacogniBve  Model    Think  3x3x3    –    gradual  release  

Whole-Group Instruction

Co-operative learning

Independent Application

Model/think-aloud/read-to, student interaction, reflection

Before, during, and after reading

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3-5 different Classroom experiences

Known concepts

Knowledge structure

New concepts Working memory

Integrating Elaborating Evaluating

Selecting Sorting

Long term memory

(Nuthall, 2007, p.71)

The  metacogniBve  learning  model  Include  all  students

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The  New  Zealand  “landscape”  

Explicit  instruc@on  of  comprehension  strategies  include:  

   •    An  explicit  descrip@on  of  the  strategy  

   •    Modeling  of  the  strategy  

   •    Scaffolding  students  

   •    Students  ar@cula@ng  what  they  do  as  they  use  the    

         strategy  

   •    Students  applying  and  reflec@ng  on  the  strategy.  (Effective Literary Practice, Years 5–8)

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How?  

For  prac@cal  purposes  when  we  first  teach  a  strategy    we          model  the  strategy  on  its  own  so  we  don’t  confuse  kids…but  quickly    

move  on  to  introduce    addi@onal  strategies  so  kids  build  a  repertoire  of  strategies    and  use  them  flexibly  to  understand  what  they  read”.  

(Harvey  and  Goudvis,  2007,  p  34)  

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Teaching  Comprehension  

The  purpose  of  teaching  comprehension  is    

to  teach  strategies  as  tools  to  expand  and  deepen  understanding.    

We  best  do  this  by  …  teaching  kids  a  repertoire  of  strategies  they  can  use  flexibly  

in  many  circumstances  and  with  many  texts.  (Harvey and Goudvis)

Comprehension  strategies  are  specific,  learned    

procedures  that  foster  ac@ve,  competent,  self-­‐regulated    

and  inten@onal  reading.  (Trabasso and Bouchard, 2002)

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

3. Strategies that ‘go’ with drawing inferences:

a)  Making connections b)  Visualising c)  Asking questions

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Making Connections

Effective teachers helped readers make connections between texts they read and their personal lives and experiences (Sweet and Snow, 2002, p44) By modeling, interaction and reflection By analogy

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Making Connections

Researchers have identified three kinds of connections that proficient readers make as they read: Text-to-self – connections to own experiences and knowledge Text-to-text – connections to other ‘texts’ – books, films, TV, songs Text-to-world – connections to knowledge of the world, their communities, cultures, world views

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Making Connections

Also help students to make connections to the type of text they are reading and how it is constructed. “…students of all ages, from elementary to high school, have difficulty comprehending the structure of informational text” (McGee, 1882; Meyer, Brand and Bluth, 1980; Taylor, 1880)

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

3. Strategies that ‘go’ with drawing inferences:

a)  Making connections b)   Visualising c)  Asking questions

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Visualising

The most well-established effect of visualising is that students remember more of what they read. (National Reading Panel, 2000)

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Visualising

Model to, and encourage students to use all of their senses when ‘visualising’. Readers visualise by using their background knowledge along with text and other visual clues on the page

Visualise on non-fiction and fiction texts – visualising is part of active reading

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

3. Strategies that ‘go’ with drawing inferences:

a)  Making connections b)  Visualising c)  Asking questions

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Asking Questions

Proficient readers ask questions before, during and after reading. They question the content, the author, the events, the issues and the ideas in a text. (Harvey and Goudvis, 2007, p18)

Asking questions promotes engagement, invites prediction, creates reasons to read, and fosters comprehension

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Asking Questions

Effective teachers ask high level comprehension questions, requiring students to make inferences and think beyond the text. (Sweet and Snow, 2002, p44)

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

4. Scaffolding – how we can accelerate achievement for

diverse student groups - Māori, Pasifika, ESL students, and students with special needs?

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‘Scaffolding’  

  Giving  all  students  access  to  on-­‐year  level  texts     MulBple  scaffolds  in  both  shared  and  cooperaBve  sessions:    Reading-­‐to   Modeling  

  Digital  scaffolds  (vocab,  video,  pictures)    Peer  collabora@on  and  support    Audio  for  all  40  student  co-­‐opera@ve  texts  at  each  year  level    Collabora@ve  (peer)  learning  built  into  student  co-­‐opera@ve  ac@vi@es   Graphic  organisers  

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

5. Matching students and text – a ‘content

literacy’ view

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Exposure to Print  

Exposure to Content  

Oral language  

Vocabulary  

Reading  

Writing  

“Oral  language  and  vocabulary  are  best  developed  in  exposure  to  print”  “Comprehension  ability  and  exposure  to  print  are  in  a  reciprocal  rela:onship”  

Stanovich,  2000  

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Teachers skilful in content literacy practices can increase students’ reading capacity, vocabulary, and knowledge with texts focused on real content. (Brozo, 2010)

What is content literacy? Why does it matter?

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Children who acquire good reading skills may not be able to transfer those abilities to comprehending content text if they lack relevant prior knowledge for that content. In other words, reading is domain specific. (Chiesi, Spilich, & Voss, 1979; Duke & Pearson, 2002; Kintsch & Kintsch, 2005, in Brozo, 2010).

What is content literacy? Why does it matter?

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Content Literacy

In recent years the term “background knowledge” has been replaced in some texts by the term “world knowledge”. It is important to put in front of students many texts from many contexts. Don’t shelter kids from reality by only exposing them to texts you think they can read or that ‘relate’ to them– model to them how to deal with ‘foreign’ texts.

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

6. Grouping, but not as we know it…

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Grouping, but not as we know it…

Whole class / whole group teaching - recall the comments of Samantha from Roslyn School in Palmerston North. She sees benefits from being in the whole group – the learning community. Whole class / whole group teaching is an efficient way for you to model, by thinking aloud. Anecdotally, boys seem to like the whole group and struggling readers appreciate being out of the bottom group for a change.

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Grouping, but not as we know it…

Cooperative learning has a strong body of evidence to support it (Almasi, 1995; Jenkins, Antil, Wayne, et al, 2003; Stevens, 2003.)

It has positive effects on achievement, motivation and self-esteem, including for students of both genders and all ethnicities

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Grouping, but not as we know it…

Cooperative learning has a strong body of evidence to support it (Almasi, 1995; Jenkins, Antil, Wayne, et al, 2003; Stevens, 2003.)

It has positive effects on achievement, motivation and self-esteem, including for students of both genders and all ethnicities

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Grouping, but not as we know it…

Cooperative learning needs to be supported by the following student ‘management’ approaches: 1. “positive independence” and social skills (Kane, 2007) – ie students need to be able to work together 2. Individual accountability and specific tasks – each student fills out a graphic organiser ie work towards a goal (Lasley, Matczynski, & Rowney, 2002.)

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

7. Inquiry learning within comprehension teaching

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Inquiry learning – Using students’ authentic questions

We see two practices in “CSI” classrooms: 1. Inquiry learning coming out of questions students ask about texts – questions followed up after the comprehension lesson (may be recorded on sticky notes) 2. Inquiry learning coming out of questions students ask about texts – questions followed up during the lesson, via web-based searches or embedded hyper-links

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Tawa  Literacy  Pilot  

THE  END!  

WEBINAR  

November  10th,  2010  

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Summing  Up  -­‐  New  Thinking  

Digital  Shared  Reading  to  teach  comprehension  

using  the  metacogniBve  model    •  Diverse,  on-­‐year-­‐level  texts  –  to  give  students  broad  content  /  

reading  experience  –  not  all  texts  are  ‘suited’  to  them  

•  Explicit  /  deliberate  teaching  •  Digital  and  face-­‐to-­‐face  scaffolds  •  Interac@on  –  learning  community  

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CooperaBve  learning:  A  challenge  to  our  thinking  about    ‘levelled  text,  levelled  kids’  •  Scaffolding  –  coopera@ve  learning  –  peers,  learning  community  

•  Audio  texts  •  Graphic  organisers  –  help  guided  wriden  responses

Summing  Up  -­‐  New  Thinking  

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Summing  up  •  We  can  accelerate  comprehension  achievement    

•  We  can  overcome  the  concern  that  levelling  has  become  too  prescrip@ve  –  a  deficit  model  

•  We  can  serve  ‘digital  na@ves’  with  digital  texts  

The  developmental  (metacogni@ve)  model  is  shown  to  have  major  benefits  for  comprehension  achievement  for  all  students.  

Summing  Up  -­‐  New  Thinking  


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