Date post: | 19-Dec-2015 |
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Why do we classify things?
• We like things organized
• To have precise names of organisms
• Common names are too confusing– Panther, puma, cougar, mountain lion are all
the same thing
Carolus Linnaeus-18th century
• Developed classification system based on similarities in structure
• Today’s system is also based on genetics and biochemistry
Binomial Nomenclature
• Every species has 2 names
• 1st word = genus—always capitalized
• 2nd word = specific epithet—never capitalized
• Both names are underlined or italicized
• Both names together are the species
System of Classification
• Kingdom
Phylum
Class
order
Family
genus
species
King Paul Came Over For Good Spaghetti
Species: smallest division
This is the smallest division, containing the fewest number of organisms
Every member of this group has the
same characteristics
Members of the same species can
mate and produce fertile offspring
• Genus: groups with similar characteristics
examples:
dog and wolf—same genus,
different species
horse and donkey – same genus,
different species
Hey, did you knowwe’re related?
Yeah, we’re sort of like cousins. Sorry, I like you and all, but we can’t have any babies together
The 6 Kingdoms
• Eubacteria and Archaebacteria:– bacteria and blue-green algae (blue-green bacteria)– Prokaryotes – have no organelles except ribosomes– All single celled– Can be heterotrophs or autotrophs– Have major differences in cell wall
• Protista– Protozoa and algae– Heterotrophs or autotrophs– Mostly single celled, some multicelluar– All eukaryotes
• Fungi– Mushrooms, molds, yeast– Some single celled, most multicellular– All heterotrophs– All eukaryotes