TAXONOMYTAXONOMY

• Group:Group V ((-)ssRNA)• Order:Mononegavirales• Family:Rhabdoviridae• Genus: Lyssavirus

• TYPE SPECIES: Rabies virus• Species Aravan virus

Australian bat lyssavirusDuvenhage virusEuropean bat lyssavirus 1European bat lyssavirus 2Irkut virusKhujand virusLagos bat virusMokola virusWest Caucasian bat virus

MORPHOLOGYMORPHOLOGY

RIGIDRIGID BULLET-SHAPEDBULLET-SHAPED -VE SENSE-VE SENSE NON SEGMENTEDNON SEGMENTED SINGLE-STRANDED SINGLE-STRANDED

RNA VIRUSRNA VIRUS ENVELOPEENVELOPE

MULTIPLICATIONMULTIPLICATION

Similar to other negative stranded RNA virusesSimilar to other negative stranded RNA viruses Attach to host cell via G-proteinAttach to host cell via G-protein Penetrate cytoplasm by fussion or pinocytosisPenetrate cytoplasm by fussion or pinocytosis Uncoated to RNPUncoated to RNP Core initiates primary transcription of 5 Core initiates primary transcription of 5

complementary monocistronic messenger RNA complementary monocistronic messenger RNA Synthesis of viral proteinSynthesis of viral protein Replication of genomic RNAReplication of genomic RNA Synthesis of positive stranded RNASynthesis of positive stranded RNA Production of negative stranded RNAProduction of negative stranded RNA

CULTIVATIONCULTIVATION

All warm blooded animalsAll warm blooded animals Rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and mice are useful for Rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and mice are useful for

primary isolationprimary isolation Chick and duck embryoChick and duck embryo In the range of all cell cultures, including baby In the range of all cell cultures, including baby

hamster kidney and mouse neuroblastoma cells, hamster kidney and mouse neuroblastoma cells, human diploid lung fibroblasts, chick embryo human diploid lung fibroblasts, chick embryo fibroblasts fibroblasts

Vero monkey kidney cells, through with minimal Vero monkey kidney cells, through with minimal cytopathic effects.cytopathic effects.

RESISTANCERESISTANCE

Ehanol,iodine preparationEhanol,iodine preparation Quaternary ammonium compoundsQuaternary ammonium compounds Lipid solvent,eg:ether, chloroform and acetoneLipid solvent,eg:ether, chloroform and acetone Phenol, formalin, beta-propiolactonePhenol, formalin, beta-propiolactone Proteolytic enzymesProteolytic enzymes UV irritationUV irritation SunlightSunlight Thermal:50°C for 1 hour,60°C for 5 minThermal:50°C for 1 hour,60°C for 5 min

ANTIGENIC STRUCTUREANTIGENIC STRUCTURE

• Single immunologic type

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• classic zoonotic infection, • spread from animals(dogs, cats, foxes, bats, etc.) to

human• recognized for over 4,000 years. • attributable to a bite (any penetration of the skin by the

teeth)• secretion of the virus in the animal’s saliva and promote

the transmission of the virus. • Nonbite exposures eg:contamination of an open wound

or a mucous membrane via scratches, licks, and inhalation of aerosol, in transplanted infected tissue and by inoculation through intact mucosal membranes

PATHOGENESISPATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

• 5 general stages:-incubation -prodrome-acute neurologic period-coma-death (or, very rarely, recovery).

LABORATORY DIAGNOSISLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

diagnosis(postmortem)diagnosis(postmortem) microscopical, virological, and serological microscopical, virological, and serological

methodmethod aggregates of viral nucleocapsids(Negri aggregates of viral nucleocapsids(Negri

bodies). bodies). The detection of rabies antigen, antibody, The detection of rabies antigen, antibody,

viral RNA, or the isolation of virus viral RNA, or the isolation of virus establishes a diagnosis of rabies. establishes a diagnosis of rabies.

direct immunofluorescence testingdirect immunofluorescence testing ELISAELISA