TAXONOMY.PPT

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Systematics: The Science Of

Biological DiversityChapter 12

Systematics- thescientific study

of biological

diversity and its

evolutionary

history.


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Theophrastus (370-285 B.C.)

Father of Botany, student of

Aristotle.

Classified plants based on form. Tree

Shrub

Undershrub

Herb
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Theophrastus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Theophrastus.jpghttp://evans.amedd.army.mil/pharmnew/images/THOM/00title.jpg


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Atropa belladonna- Solanaceae


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Carol von Linn (1707-1778)

Swedish naturalist.

Species Naturae & Plantarum.

Plant descriptions.

Plant binomials- a two-term

system of nomenclature.

Genus and species (specific

epithet). Example- catnip.

Nepeta catariaL.

Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatus

pedunculatis
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358106http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/linnaeussystemanaturae1735.pdfhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb_IO-SzLgkhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358106http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358106http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358106http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358106


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Nepeta cataria- Lamiaceae


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Taxonomy

Taxonomy- (gr. taxis- arrangement, nomos- law)the science of the classification of organisms.

Identifying, naming, classifying organisms.

Domain Kingdom

Phylum- phyta

Class- phyceae

Order- ales Family- aceae

Genus

Species


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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes


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Eukaryote Lineages


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Origin of Cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8nYTJf62sE


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Origin of Eukaryotic Cells


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Species Concepts


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International Code of Botanical

Nomenclature (ICBN)

Aim- to provide a stable method of namingtaxonomic groups.

Principle I- botanical nomenclature is independent of

zoological and bacteriological nomenclature.

Principle II- names of taxonomic groups aredetermined by means of nomenclatural types.

Principle III- nomenclature of a taxonomic group isbased upon priority of publication.

Naming- the purpose of giving a name to ataxonomic group is not to indicate itscharacters or history, but to supply a means ofreferring to it and to indicate its rank.
http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htmhttp://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htmhttp://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htmhttp://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htmhttp://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm


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Taxonomic Terminology

Taxon- a taxonomic group of any rank (plural: taxa).

Synonym- two or more names that apply to the sametaxon.

Basionym- the original name of a taxon.

Author/s- the first person or persons to describe a taxon.

Revisionary author/s- the person or persons thatmodified the name.

Etymology- the derivation, origin, or history of a word.

Type Specimen- a specimen designated to serve as areference point for a scientific name.

Holotype

Lectotype


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Taxonomic Names

Species names consists of the genusname, plus the specific epithet.

Members of a species may be grouped

into subspecies or varieties.
http://www.mcdougalorchards.com/pics_page/images/sb_applbl5_jpg.jpg


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How do you identify plants?

Ask an expert.

Use a herbarium.

Compare plant with a writtendescription.

Use books to picture I.D. specimens.

Photographs and illustrations.

Use a dichotomous key.


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Dichotomous Keys

A method employed for identifying

unknown organisms.

A dichotomous key is constructed of aseries of couplets, each consisting of

two separate statements.

1. Flowers white .................. Plant A

1. Flowers red or yellow ..... 2

2. Petals red ............ Plant B

2. Petals white ........ Plant C


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