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Taylor & Francis Not for distribution Index Access covers and frames 542, 922-923 ooring 155, 379, 758 ACO channels 537, 918 Acoustic wall panels 371, 750 Addresses 1000 AGGREGATES LEVY 19 avoidance 21 discounts 21 exemption 20 Air bricks 274, 654 Air-conditioning systems 159 Alterations 572 Aluminium coping 329, 707 coverings/ashings 137, 326, 704 coverings/ashings 142 grates and covers 534, 915 gutters 510, 891 Kalzip cladding 327, 705 patio doors 400, 779 pipes rainwater 509, 890 roof decking 353, 731 windows 149, 390, 769 Anchor slots 243, 623 Anchors 277, 657 Angle beads 425, 804 llets 273, 653 APPROXIMATE ESTIMATING RATES 133 Ceiling Finishes 155 Communication Installation 162 Drainage 167 Electrical Installations 159 External Services 169 External Walls 145 Fittings and Furnishings 156 Floor Finishes 153 Frame and Upper Floors 137 Gas Installation 161 Heating Air Conditioning and Ventilating Installations 158 Internal Walls Partitions and Doors 150 Lift and Conveyor Installation 161 Protective Installation 162 Roof 140 Sanitary and Disposal Installations 157 Site Work 163 Special Installation 163 Stairs 143 Substructure 134 Wall Finishes 152 Water Installations 158 Windows and External Doors 148 Arches brick 251, 255, 631, 635 steel frames 425, 804 ARCHITECTS' FEES 943 Architraves hardwood 475, 856 MDF 473, 854 softwood 470, 851 Artex 155, 442, 822 Asphalt damp-proong 342, 720 ooring 417, 796 roads 496, 877 roong 342, 720 tanking 342, 720 Balloon gratings 509, 890 Balustrades laminated glass 410, 789 metal 145, 410, 789 stainless steel 145, 410, 789 timber 404, 783 Basements 134 diaphragm wall 134 excavation 202, 585 oor 134 wall 134 waterproof 134 Bases to roads/pavings 493, 874 Basins lavatory 157, 459, 839 Bath panel 367, 745 Bathroom pods 156
Transcript

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Index

Accesscovers and frames 542, 922-923flooring 155, 379, 758

ACO channels 537, 918Acoustic wall panels 371, 750Addresses 1000AGGREGATES LEVY 19avoidance 21discounts 21exemption 20

Air bricks 274, 654Air-conditioning systems 159Alterations 572Aluminiumcoping 329, 707coverings/flashings 137, 326, 704coverings/flashings 142grates and covers 534, 915gutters 510, 891Kalzip cladding 327, 705patio doors 400, 779pipes rainwater 509, 890roof decking 353, 731windows 149, 390, 769

Anchor slots 243, 623Anchors 277, 657Anglebeads 425, 804fillets 273, 653

APPROXIMATE ESTIMATING RATES 133Ceiling Finishes 155Communication Installation 162Drainage 167Electrical Installations 159External Services 169External Walls 145Fittings and Furnishings 156Floor Finishes 153Frame and Upper Floors 137Gas Installation 161Heating Air Conditioning and VentilatingInstallations 158

Internal Walls Partitions and Doors 150

Lift and Conveyor Installation 161Protective Installation 162Roof 140Sanitary and Disposal Installations 157Site Work 163Special Installation 163Stairs 143Substructure 134Wall Finishes 152Water Installations 158Windows and External Doors 148

Archesbrick 251, 255, 631, 635steel frames 425, 804

ARCHITECTS' FEES 943Architraveshardwood 475, 856MDF 473, 854softwood 470, 851

Artex 155, 442, 822Asphaltdamp-proofing 342, 720flooring 417, 796roads 496, 877roofing 342, 720tanking 342, 720

Balloon gratings 509, 890Balustradeslaminated glass 410, 789metal 145, 410, 789stainless steel 145, 410, 789timber 404, 783

Basements 134diaphragm wall 134excavation 202, 585floor 134wall 134waterproof 134

Bases to roads/pavings 493, 874Basins lavatory 157, 459, 839Bath panel 367, 745Bathroom pods 156

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Baths 157, 461, 841Beam and block floor 137Beamclad 139Beamscasing 225, 605casings 232, 612concrete 225, 605formwork 232, 612laminated timber 291, 670steel 280, 282

Bedding and pointing frames 404, 783Beds and backings 419, 798Beds benching and coveringsconcrete 526, 907granular fill 525, 906sand 525, 906

Bentonite slurry 214Bidets 464, 844Biodiverse roof 352, 730Bitumen strip slates 341, 719Bitumetal roof decking 353, 731Bituthene sheeting 344, 722Blinding with sand 209, 592Blindslouvre 458, 838roller 457, 837

Blister paving 500, 881Block flooring wood 433, 812Blockboard linings 365, 743Blocksalternative material prices 258, 638ARC Conbloc 265, 645cavity wall 146Celcon 258, 638Durox Supablocs 258, 638Forticrete 259, 265, 639, 645gas flue 274, 654glass 267, 647glazed 266, 646Hanson Conbloc 258, 638Hanson Fenlite 258, 638Lignacite 145, 259, 639paviors 164, 499, 880Tarmac Hemelite 259, 639Tarmac Toplite 259, 639terracotta 267, 647Thermalite High strength 263, 643Thermalite Party wall 262, 642Thermalite Shield 260, 640Thermalite Smooth face 262, 642

Thermalite Trenchblock 263, 643Thermalite Turbo 259, 639thin joint 260, 640

Boilers 554, 935combination 554, 935domestic 554, 935

Bollards 166Boltsfoundation 243, 623Rawlbolts 297, 676

Bradstonearchitectural dressings 269, 649roof slates 322, 700walling 269, 649

Breaking out existing materialsby handblock 205, 588brick 205, 588concrete 205, 588macadam 205, 588stone 205, 588

by machineblock 203, 586brick 203, 586concrete 203, 586macadam 203, 586stone 203, 586

Brickforce reinforcement 272, 652Bricksair 274, 654arch 247, 627arches 251, 255, 631, 635bullseye window 252-253, 632-633casings 247, 249, 251, 254, 627, 629, 631,634

cavities 247, 627cavity wall 145cladding systems 147, 310, 688common 246, 626coping 253, 633engineeringclass A 257, 637class B 248, 628

facings 249, 254, 629, 634manhole 168manholes 541, 922paviors 164, 499, 880piers 247-248, 251, 254, 627-628, 631, 634projection 247, 251, 255, 627, 631, 635reinforcement 272, 652

1104 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

removal of 561repairs to 565sill 253, 633Tilebrick 258, 638

Bridgesfoot 165road 165

Brise soleil 148, 303, 392, 771Bubbledeck 227, 607Builder's work in connectionelectrical 489, 870services 489, 870

Buildingcosts indices 39hourly rates/operatives' earnings 171location factors 41paper 227, 436, 607, 815PRICES PER FUNCTIONAL UNITS 56administrative 56civil engineering 56commercial 56education 57health and welfare 56industrial 56recreational 56residential 57utilities 56

PRICES PER SQUARE METRE 45administrative 47civil engineering 46commercial 47education 51health and welfare 49industrial 46information 51medical 49protective services 47recreational 50religious 51residential 52scientific 51utilities 46

REGULATIONS FEES 983tender indices 40

Building paper 466, 847

Calorifiers 551, 932CAPITAL ALLOWANCES 3annual investment 6business premises renovation 10

enhanced 7enterprise zones 9flats over shops 9hotel 9industrial building 8integral features 5long life assets 5plant and machinery 3refurbishment 6thermal insulation 5writing down 8

Car Parking 165Carpentry/First fixing timber 286, 666Carpet 438, 818gripper 437, 817tiles 155, 436, 815

Cast stonework 268, 648Cast/ductile ironaccess covers and frames 542, 923accessories/gullies 530, 911drain pipes 167, 530, 911Ensign lightweight pipes 516, 531, 897, 912gutters 511, 892inspection chambers 542, 923rainwater pipes 510, 891Timesaverdrainage pipes 530, 911soil/waste pipes 515, 896

Catnic steel lintels 277, 657Cavityclosers 275, 655flashings Bithuthene 275, 655forming 270, 650trays polypropylene 275, 655wall insulation 467, 848walls 145

Cedarrainscreen cladding 341, 719shingles 323, 701

Ceiling finishes 155Ceilingsfinishes comparative 155suspended 155, 376, 755

Celuka PVC cladding 307, 685Cement 223, 603admixtures 223, 603lime:sand rendering 419, 798sand screeds 154, 415, 794

Cemrend 423, 802Central heating 158

Index 1105

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Ceramicfloor tiles 154, 429, 808wall tiles 153, 429-430, 808-809

Channelsclay 543, 924precast concrete 494, 875stainless steel 243, 623steel 281uPVC 543, 924

Chases 241, 621Chemical anchors 298, 677-678Chequer plate flooring 409, 788Chimneysdemolition 562pots 274, 654

Chipboardacoustic 366, 744boarding/flooring 365, 743flame retardant 366, 744linings 365, 743melamine faced 366, 370, 375, 744, 749, 754

Cisterns 551, 932CITB levy 177Claddingbrick insulated 310, 688covering 301, 680granite 431, 810Kalzip 327, 705Kingspan 306, 684marble 154, 431, 810Portland limestone 308, 686precast concrete 146rails/purlins 285, 664steel 147, 305, 683terracotta 311, 689uPVC 307, 685

Clay, channels 543, 924Clayboard void former 229, 609Climate Change Levy 1000Cloakroomlockers 455, 835racks 456, 836seats 456, 836shoe basket 456, 836

Cobblestone paving 164, 500, 881Coffered slabs 225-226, 605-606Column bases 135Column guards 243, 623Columnsconcrete 226, 606

formwork 233, 613steel 280, 282

Combination boilers 554, 935Comfort cooling system 159Common brick 246, 626Communication installation 162Communications installations 162Composite floors 245, 625Concretebasic/alternative prices 220, 600beams 225-226, 605-606beds benchings and coverings 526, 907columns 226, 606composite decking 245, 625diaphragm wall 134, 214fibre additive 222, 602floor 244, 624floors 137FND 221, 601foundations etc. 223, 603frames 138GEN 221, 601ground beams 136, 224-225, 604-605hacking 241, 621inserts 243, 623joint filler 238, 618lift pits 136lightweight 222, 602manhole 168piling 212pumped 222, 602rapid hardening 222, 602RC 221, 601ready mixed 220, 600repairs to 564roads/paving/bases 495, 876roofs 141screeded beds 223, 603shot-blasting 241, 621site mixed 222, 602slabs 224-225, 604-605ST 221, 601stairs 244, 624tamping 241, 621underpinning 217, 596walls 146, 225, 605water repellent 222, 602

Connectors metal 297, 676CONSULTING ENGINEERS’ FEES 977Conversion tables 1000

1106 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Copingaluminium 329, 707brick 253, 257, 633, 637concrete precast 279, 659

Coppercoverings/flashings 329, 707coverings/flashings 142pipes 546, 927

CordekCellcore CP/ Claymaster formwork 228, 608Correx trough formers 231, 611

Cost indices 39COST MODELS 59Apartments 118Central London Offices 69Distribution Centre 62Health Centre 94Hotel 127Landfill Remediation 60Mixed Use Retail City Centre Scheme 80Primary School Extension 110School Refurbishment and Extension 114Small Industrial Unit 67Stadium Regional 105Supermarket 87Sustainable Office Refurbishment 76Swimming Pool and Dry Sports Facility 99

Cotswold limestone 267, 647Counter grilles 400, 779Cramps 243, 277, 477, 623, 657, 858B anchor 310, 690J tie 311, 689P half twist 310, 690Q tie 310, 690S cramp 311, 689

Creosote 451, 831Crib walls 214, 594Cubicles WC 375, 754Curtain walling 147, 302, 681Cuttingopenings 578out timber 569

Cylinders 551, 932

D GROUNDWORK 202, 585Damp proof course 271, 651elastomeric 272, 652lead 272, 652pitch polymer 272, 652polythene 272, 652

slate 272, 652Synthaprufe 272, 652thermoplastic 272, 652

Damp proof membranes 227, 344, 607, 722DAYWORK AND PRIME COST buildingindustry 985

Decking metal roof 305, 353, 683, 731Demolition 560break up concrete 560brick walls 561chimneys 562partitions 561parts of structures 560structures 560

Demolition/Alteration/Renovation 560Demountable partitions 151Design loadings for buildings 1000Diamond drilling 242, 491, 622, 872Diaphragm wall 134, 214Disposalactive waste 208inert waste 209, 592spoil heap on site 592spread on site 208, 592systems 509, 890

Dock levellers 162Doorsanti-vandal 393, 772automatic 149bi-parting 149bullet-resisting 393, 772external 392, 771fire 152, 393, 397, 772, 776chipboard 397, 776hardboard 397, 776intumescent strip 400, 778moulded panel 397, 776oak 398, 777steel 393, 772

flush 392, 771framesframe sets standard 400, 779hardwood 393, 772mdf 401, 780oak 403, 782softwood 401, 780

garage 394, 773GRP 394hardwood 152matchboarded 392, 771

Index 1107

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

mats 457, 837MDF 401, 780panelledhardwood 396, 775softwood 395, 774

patio aluminium 400, 779plastic laminated 152removal of 563revolving 149sills oak 403, 782sliding 487, 868softwood 151softwood generally 392, 771stacking 394steel 393, 772

Double glazing 413, 792Dowels 477, 858Drainage 167ACO channels 537, 918beds 525, 906channels 537, 918excavation 520, 901land 545, 926slot drainage channels 537, 918

Drinking fountains 460, 840Dritherm cavity wall insulation 467, 848Drylinings 357, 363, 735, 741partitions 354, 732ridge tiles 312, 690riser 162verge system 312, 690

Drydash (pebbledash) 424, 803Dubbing out 575Ducting floor 492, 873Dust-proof screen 584

E IN SITU CONCRETE/LARGE PRECASTCONCRETE 220, 600

Earth electrodes 558, 940Earthwork supportclose boarded 206, 589open boarded 206, 589

Eavestrim, aluminium 343, 348, 721, 726verges and fascia boarding, timber 292, 671

Ecosil 441, 821Edgings, precast concrete 494, 875Electrical installations 159Electrical systems 556, 938

Engineering brick 248, 628ENGINEERS' FEES 977Entrance matting 154Epoxyflooring 154, 418, 797resin grout 227, 607

Escalator 161Excavationbasements 202, 585drain trenches 520, 901generally 202, 585hand 204, 587mechanical 202, 585pile caps 203, 586pits 202, 204, 585, 587services trenches 488, 869site preparation 202, 585clear vegetation 202, 585lifting turf for preservation 202, 585remove tree stumps 202, 585remove trees 202, 585

trenches 203-204, 586-587underpinning 215, 595working space allowance 203, 586

Expamet 425, 804beads 425, 804foundation bolt boxes 242, 622wall starters 277, 656

Expansionbolts 297, 676jointsbrickwork 274, 654in concrete 238, 618

External services 169External walls 145External water and gas installations 552, 933Extr-aqua-vent 343, 348, 721, 726

F MASONRY 246, 626Facing brickalternative material prices 249, 629generally 249, 629

Fascia boards 292, 671FEESarchitects' 946building (local authority charges)regulations 983

consulting engineers’ 977planning 981quantity surveyors' 946

1108 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Felt roofing 345, 723Fencing 166, 504, 885chain link 166, 504, 885cleft chestnut 166, 506, 887close boarded 507, 888concrete slab 507, 888security 507-508, 888-889strained wire 504, 885timber 166, 507, 888unclimbable 508, 889

Fertilizer 503, 884Fibre cement, see Roof 320, 698Fibreboard joint filler 238, 618Fibrous plaster 428, 807Fill existing openings 581Fillets mortar 273, 653Fillinghand 210, 593mechanical 209, 592

Filter membrane 211, 594Firealarms 162barrier 468, 849fighting equipment 162insurance 186protectionBeamclad 139boarding 139compound 468, 849Firecase S 364, 742intumescent paint 139, 283, 663Mandolite CP2 coatings 426, 805Pyrok WF26 cementitious render 427, 806Quelfire fire compound 468, 849Vermiculite 139Vermiculux claddings 364, 742

resistingAlbi retardent paint/coatings 445, 825door frames 403, 782glass 413, 792glass blocks 267, 647seals 468, 849shutters 150stops 468, 849

Firecase S 364, 742Firrings timber 293, 672Fittings 452, 832Fittings and furnishings 156Floor finishes 153Floor sawing 242, 622

Floorsaccess/raised 154, 379, 758beam and block 137chequer plate 409, 788composite 245, 625ducting 490, 871entrance matting 154ground slabs 136hardener 444, 824in situasphalt 417, 796epoxy 154, 418, 797granolithic 154, 415, 794polyester resin 154

precast concrete 244, 624sheeting/carpetinglinoleum 154vinyl 154

sheeting/carpettingcarpet 438, 818linoleum 433, 812safety flooring 433, 812slip-resistant 434, 813sports flooring 434, 813vinyl 434, 813

slabgranite 154, 431, 810marble 154, 431, 810stone 154

tilescarpet tiles 154, 436, 816cork tiles 436, 816linoleum tiles 154, 433, 812mosaic 431, 810quarry tiles 154, 429, 808slate 154, 431, 810studded rubber tiles 436, 816terrazzo 154, 432, 811vinyl tiles 154, 434, 813

timberBeech 374, 753hardwood strip 154, 374, 753Iroko 374, 753laminated 366, 744Maple 374, 753Oak 374, 753parquet 154softwood boarded 154, 373, 752sports 373, 752wood blocks 154, 433, 812

Index 1109

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

upper floorsconcrete 137post tensioned 137precast/prestressed concrete 137softwood 138

warehouse 137York stone 154

Flueblocks 275, 655ICS Plus system stainless steel 554, 935

Footbridges 165Formica-faced MDF 453, 833Formulae 1000Formworkbeams 232, 612Cellcore CP heave pressure 228, 608Claymaster 228, 608column casing 230, 610columns 233, 613Correx troughed formers 231, 611curved 233, 613generally 228, 608permanent 245, 625soffits 230, 610stairs 234, 614void former 229, 609

Foundation bolts and boxes 243, 623Foundations 134Frame, buildingconcrete 138steel 139

Frame and upper floors 137Framesbedding and pointing 404, 783doorhardwood 402, 781mdf 401, 780Oak 403, 782softwood 400, 779

fire 403, 782windowhardwood 381, 760softwood 380, 759

French polish 447, 827Fungus/Beetle eradication 571Furniture/equipment, office 156

G STRUCTURAL/CARCASSING METAL/TIMBER 280, 661

Gabion baskets 214, 594

Galvanising 283, 662Garage doors steel 394, 773Gasflue blocks 274, 654installation 161

Gate valves 549, 930Gates 506, 887Geotec 323, 326, 329, 701, 704, 707Glasal sheeting 304, 682Glasroc Firecase S GRG boards 364, 742Glasroc Multiboard panelling 371, 750Glassbasic material prices 411, 790block walling 150, 267, 647clear float 411, 790curve cutting 412, 791drill holes 413, 792fibre insulation 467, 848fire resisting 413, 792Georgian wired 412, 791laminated glass 412, 791louvres 413, 792mirror panels 413, 792mirrors 456, 836obscure 412, 791Pyran 413, 792Pyrostop 413, 792reinforced panelling 371, 750security 413, 792toughened 412, 791

Glass reinforced plastic cladding 307, 685Glazingbeadshardwood 475, 856MDF 473, 854softwood 471, 852

double 413, 792generally 411, 790patent 148, 301, 680patent 142rooflights 142triple 414, 793Velux 142

Glulam timber beams 291, 670Goods lift 162Grab rails 465, 845Graniteflooring 154, 431, 810setts 164, 502, 883wall linings 431, 810

1110 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Granolithic paving 154, 415, 794Granularbeds benches and coverings 525, 906fill 209, 592

Grass seed 163, 503, 884Gratingaluminium 534, 915balloon 509, 890cast/ductile iron road 534, 915

Gravelpavings 164, 499, 880resin bonded 499, 880

Green roof 143Grilles roller 150, 400, 779Ground beams 136, 224, 604Ground slabs 136Groundwork 202, 585Grouting 227, 607GRPtiles 343, 721translucent sheeting 307, 685

GRP cistern 551, 932Guard rails 165Gulliescast iron 530, 911clay 534, 915concrete 534, 915uPVC 538, 919

Gutterboardsplywood 292, 671softwood 292, 671

Guttersaluminium 509, 890cast iron 511, 892pressed steel 512, 893uPVC 514, 895

Gyproccove 428, 807Dri-Wall 363, 741GypLyner 354, 732M/F dry linings 363, 741metal stud 355, 733Rapid/db Plus partitions 355, 733

Gypsumplank 359, 737plasterboard 354, 732SoundBloc 362, 740TEN wallboard 358, 736thermal board 359, 737wallboard 354, 732

H CLADDING/COVERING 301, 680Hackingbrickwork 273, 653concrete 241, 621

Handrails 145, 406, 409, 785, 788hardwood 476, 857softwood 472, 853

Hardboard bath panels 367, 745Hardcore 494, 875DOT type 1 209, 592DOT type 2 209, 592recycled type 1 209, 592sand 209, 592

Hardener surface 444, 824Hardwoodarchitraves 475, 856door frames 402, 781doors 152, 396, 775fittings 453, 833handrails 145, 476, 857skirtings 474, 855stairs 144, 405, 784strip flooring 154, 373, 752window boards 476, 857window frames 381, 760windows 149, 381, 760

Heating, air conditioning and ventilatinginstallations 158

Hedges 503, 884Herringbone strutting 287, 667Hip irons 319, 697Hoists 162Holesbrickwork 489, 870concretecutting 242, 489, 622, 870forming 234, 489, 614, 870

hardwood 491, 872softwood 491, 872

Holes for services 490, 871Hollow sections 281Holorib structural deck 231, 245, 611, 625Hosereels 162Hydrophilic strip 239, 619

In situ concrete/Large precast concrete 220, 600INDICESbuilding cost 40regional variations 42tender price 41

Index 1111

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Information further sources 1000Inspection chamberscast iron 542, 922-923clay 534, 915concrete 542, 923polypropylene 534, 915uPVC 538, 919

Insulating jackets 551, 932Insulationalternative material prices 466, 846board lining 367, 746board tapered 349, 727boards to roofs 349, 727CrownDritherm 467, 848Frametherm 467, 848Rafter Roll 466, 847

DowStyrofoam Floormate 469, 850Styrofoam Roofmate 349, 727Styrofoam SP 469, 850

Isowool glass fibre 466, 847Kingspan Thermawall 467, 848pipework 552, 933polystyrene 467, 848tank lagging 552, 933

Insurancecontractors liability 188fire 187property 35

Integrated ceilings 155Integritank waterproofing membrane 344, 722Intercepting traps 534, 915Interceptor tank 544, 925Internal walls partitions and doors 150INTRODUCTIONApproximate Estimating 37Major works – Measured Works 201Minor works – Measured Work 559

Intumescentdoor strip 400, 779paint 283, 663paint 139plugs 468, 849seals 468, 849

Irokoblock flooring 433, 812fittings 454, 834strip flooring 374, 753

Ironmongery

anti-bacterial levers 479, 484, 860, 865bolts 478, 482, 859, 863catches 478, 483, 859, 864closures 478, 483, 859, 864door closures 479, 484, 860, 865door pivots 479, 483, 860, 864emergency release 479, 484, 860, 865fixed to hardwood 482, 863fixed to softwood 478, 859floor springs 479, 483, 860, 864floor stop 482, 487, 863, 868hinges 480, 485, 861, 866latches 481, 485, 862, 866locks 481, 485, 862, 866panic latch 479, 483, 860, 864toilet roll holder 482, 487, 863, 868towel rail 482, 487, 863, 868

Isocrete K screeds 418, 797

J WATERPROOFING 342, 720Jacuzzi installation 163Joint filler/sealer 238, 618Joint reinforcement 272, 652-653Jointsexpansion brick 274, 654expansion concrete 238, 618filler 238, 618hacking 273, 653raking out 273, 653

Joist hangers 296, 675Joists floor and roof 286, 666Joists strutting 287, 667

K LININGS/SHEATHING/DRYPARTITIONING 354, 732

K-Rend 420, 799Kalzip cladding 327, 705Kerbdrain 537, 918Kerbsfoundations 494, 875precast concrete 494, 875

Kickers wall 233, 613Kingspan cladding 306, 684Kitchen fittings 156, 454, 834

L WINDOWS/DOORS/STAIRS 380, 759LABOUR RATE CALCULATIONS 177Lacquers 446, 826Laddersaccess 409, 788

1112 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

loft 409, 788Lagging pipes 552, 933Lakes 164Laminatedbeams 291, 670board flooring 366, 744

Land drainage 164, 545, 926LAND REMEDIATION 23cost drivers 27EU landfill directive 24framework 23hazardous waste 25techniques 25

LANDFILL TAX 33exemptions 34rates 33weight of waste 33

Landscaped roof 143Latex screeds 418, 797Lathing, metal 427, 806Lavatory basins 157, 460, 840Leadcoverings/flashings 142coverings/flashings/roofing 142, 323, 701damp proof course 272, 652soakers 325, 703

Lift and conveyor installations 161Lift pits 136Lightinginstallation 159points 556, 938temporary 191

Lighting and power for the works 191Lightning protection 558, 940Lightweightconcrete 222, 602roof screeds 418, 797roof screeds 142

Limestonechippings 343, 721Guiting random walling 267, 647Portland facework 308, 686reconstructed walling 268, 648

Line marking 502, 883Liningmaterials alternatives 354, 732paper 438, 818

Linings/Sheathing/Dry partitioning 354, 732Linoleumfloor tiles 154, 436, 816

sheet flooring 154, 433, 812Linseed oil 445, 825Lintelsprestressed concrete 278, 658steel 277, 656

Load and cart awayactive waste 208, 591inert waste 208, 591

Location factors 41Lockers 455, 835clothes 455, 835compartment 455, 835timber 455, 835vandal-resistant 455, 835

Loft ladder 409, 788Louvresaluminium 392, 771glass 413, 792

M SURFACE FINISHES 415, 794Macadam bitumen 496, 877Mandolite CP2 sprayed fire protection 426, 805Manholebrick 168concrete 168covers 542, 923rings 540, 921

Manholes generally 539, 920Maple strip flooring 374, 753Marbleflooring 154, 431, 810wall linings 153, 431, 810

Masonry 246, 626slots 243, 623

Masterboard 291, 367, 670, 746Materials weights of 1000Mats door 457, 837Matwells 457, 837-838MDFarchitraves 473, 854door sets/linings 401, 780doors 401, 780melamine faced 452, 832skirtings 472, 853window boards 474, 855

Mechanical Heating/Cooling/Refrigerationsystems 554, 935

Memoranda for each trade 1000Metallathing 427, 806

Index 1113

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

roof decking 305, 353, 683, 731stud partitions 150, 355, 733

Metalwork, for timber 296, 477, 675, 858Metsec beams 286, 665Metsec lightweight steel framing system 284,664

Metsec SFS 284, 663Minipile piling 212Mirror panels 153, 413, 792Mirrors 456, 836Monolux 40 368, 747Mortar 246, 626Mosaicflooring 431, 810wall tiles 430, 809wall tiling 153

Movable partitions 375, 754Multibeam purlin and cladding rails 285, 664

N FURNITURE/EQUIPMENT 452, 832Names and addresses, useful 1000Nappy changing units 465, 845Nosings 437, 817

Oakblock flooring 433, 812door sills 403, 782stairs 407, 786strip flooring 374, 753

Office accommodation temporary 190Openingscutting 578filling 581

Overhead charges and profit interpretation ofMajor Works 177Minor Works 559

P BUILDING FABRIC SUNDRIES 466, 847Padstones precast concrete 279, 659Paintacrylic eggshell 441, 821Albi flame retardant 445, 825aluminium 448, 828Anti-climb Vandalene 448, 828anti-graffiti 448, 828Artex 442, 822basic prices 438, 818bituminous 444, 824creosote 451, 831Cuprinol preservative 440, 820

eggshell 441, 821emulsion 441, 821epoxy anti-slip floor 444, 824gloss 441, 449, 821, 829Hammerite 450, 830intumescent 283, 663lacquer 446, 826linseed oil 445, 825Nitroflor Lithurin floor hardener 444, 824Permacor 440, 820polyurethane 445, 825preservative 440, 820primer 439, 819Sadolin 446, 826Sandtex Matt cement paint 447, 827Sikkens stain 440, 451, 820, 831Solignum 451, 831stain 446, 826varnish 445, 825Weathershield 448, 828

Paperhanging 438, 818Parkland 164Parquet flooring 154Partitions 150cubicle 151, 375, 754demolition 561demountable 151, 375, 754fire 150glazed 151Gyprocmetal stud 355, 733Rapid/db Plus 355, 733

metal stud 150movable acoustic 375, 754sliding/folding 401, 780soundproof 151terrazzo-faced 376, 755timber stud 150

Patent glazing 142, 148, 301, 680Patio doors aluminium 400, 779Paved areas 164Pavingartificial stone 499, 880asphalt 417, 796blister 500, 881block 164, 500, 881brick 164, 499, 880cobble 164, 500, 881concrete flags 164, 500, 881granite setts 164, 502, 883

1114 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

granolithic 154, 415, 794gravel 164, 499, 880gravel resin bonded 499, 880marble 431, 810York stone 164, 502, 883

Paving/Planting/Fencing/Site furniture 493, 874Paviorsblock 164, 500, 881brick 164, 499, 880

Pebbledash 424, 803Pellating 477, 858Pendock Profiles, see Plywood 370, 749Photo-voltaics 163PilingCFA 136concrete 212minipile 212pile Caps 136Piled foundations 134rotary 212secant 136steel 136, 213

Pin-board Sundeala A 476, 857Pipecasings plywood 370, 749insulation 552, 933

Piped systems 546, 927Pipeworkaluminium 509, 890cast irondrain 167, 530, 911Ensign lightweight 516, 531, 897, 912rainwater 511, 892soil/waste 515, 896Timesaver 167, 515, 530, 896, 911

claygenerally 167, 531, 545, 912, 926Hepline land 545, 926SuperSeal 532, 913SuperSleve 531, 912vitrified 167, 531, 545, 912, 926

concrete 167, 535, 916copper 546, 927capillary 546, 927compression 546, 927

drainage 542, 923ductile iron Tyton 553, 934Insulation 552, 933mains 552, 933MDPE 552, 933

polypropylene 516, 897rainwater 509, 890soil 516, 897Speedfit 549, 930uPVCdrain 167, 536, 917drain ribbed pipe 167, 536, 917rainwater 513, 894soil/waste 544, 925

uPVC waste 513, 894PLANNING FEES 981Planning parameters 1000Plant costs 183Planting 163, 503, 884Plasteraccessories 425, 804board finish 424, 803cove 428, 807fibrous 428, 807generally 420, 799Limelite 422, 801polished 153Snowplast 421, 800squash court 423, 802X-ray 422, 801

Plasterboarddry linings 354, 363, 732, 741Firecase S 364, 742Lafarge 364, 742partitions 355, 733plank 355, 733plastic faced 361, 739Soundbloc 362, 740TEN wallboard 358, 736thermal board 359, 737Vermiculux cladding 364, 742wallboard 358, 424, 736, 803

Plastic skirtings 437, 817Plate connectors 297, 676Playground equipment 166Plumbersearnings 182hourly rates 174

Plywood 291, 367, 670, 746boarding/flooring 366, 744linings 368, 747melamine faced 370, 749pipe casings 370, 749roofing 291, 670

Pods bathroom 156

Index 1115

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Pointingexpansion joints 238, 618wood frames etc. 273, 404, 653, 783

Polished plaster 153Polishingfloor 433, 812French 447, 827wax 447, 827

Polycarbonate rooflights 142Polyethylene cistern 551, 932Polymer 143Polypropylenepipes waste 516, 897traps 520, 901

Polythene sheeting 227, 344, 607, 722Portlandcement 223, 603stone cladding 308, 686

Post-tensioned floor 137Powerfloating concrete 241, 621installation 159points 556, 938

Precast concreteaccess or inspection chambers 540, 921channels 494, 875cladding panels 146coping 279, 659edgings 494, 875fencing 507, 888flooring 244, 624floors 625kerbs 494, 875lintels 278, 658manhole units 540, 921padstones 278, 658paving blocks 164, 501, 882paving flags 164, 501, 882pipes 535, 916sills 278, 658stairs 244, 624

PRELIMINARIES/GENERALCONDITIONS 185fire insurance 186health and safety and welfare of workpeople 193

insurance 187lighting and power for the works 191office accommodation 190scaffolding 196

staff costs 190telephones 192water 192

Prime cost building industry 985Priming steelwork 283, 662Prodex 304, 682PROPERTY INSURANCE 35current build cost 35

Protective installation 162Purlins 285, 664Pyroc board 284, 663Pyrok 427, 806

Q PAVING/PLANTING/FENCING/SITEFURNITURE 493, 874

QUANTITY SURVEYORS' FEES 946Quarry tiles 154, 429, 808

R DISPOSAL SYSTEMS 509, 890Radiator valves 549, 930Radiators 158, 555, 936Raft foundations 134Rafterstrussed steel 140trussed timber 140

Rafters trussed 140, 290, 670Rainscreen cladding 147, 341, 719Rainwateroutlets aluminium 509, 890pipes 509, 890

Raised floors 155, 379, 758Raking out joints of brickwork 273, 653RATES OF WAGES 171Rawlbolts 297, 676Ready-mixed concrete prices, seeConcrete 221, 601

Rebates 241, 621Reconstructedstone slates 322, 700stone walling 268, 648

Recycled type 1 209Regional variations 42Reinforcementbars 234, 614Brickforce 272, 652-653fabric 236, 616stainless steel 235, 615

Reinstating concrete 565Removal of existingfinishes 574

1116 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

fixtures and fittings 572plumbing and engineering installations 573roof coverings 576trees 202, 585

Renderingcement:lime:sand 419, 798cement:sand 419, 798Cemrend self-coloured 423, 802K-Rend 420, 799Pebbledash 424, 803Sika waterproof 342, 720Sto 420, 426, 799, 805Tyrolean 423, 802

Renovations 564Repairing/Renovating/Conserving Masonry 564Repairing/Renovating/Conserving Metal 568-569Repairs tobrickwork and blockwork 565concrete work 564finishes 574pipework 573roof coverings 577

Resoplan sheeting 304, 681Restraints wall and head 276, 656Revolving doors 149Reynobond rainscreen 341, 719Ribdeck structural deck 230, 611Rigifix column guard 243, 623Roadbridge 165Roads 165and footpaths concrete 165, 495, 876bitumen macadam 496, 877bridges 165crossings 165gratings 534, 915gully 535, 916hot rolled asphalt 497, 878

Rodding point 534, 538, 915, 919Roller shutters 149, 394, 773insulated 394, 773

Roof 140asphalt 343, 721biodiverse 352, 730boarding 372, 751coverings/flashingsaluminium 142, 326, 704claddings 141-142copper 142, 329, 707Flashband Plus 341, 719Kalzip 327, 705

lead 143, 323, 701polymer 142stainless steel 143, 338, 716zinc 142, 332, 710

decking Bitumetal 353, 731felt 345, 723Andersons HT 346, 724Ruberfort HP 350 346, 724Ruberoid 346, 724

flatconcrete 141softwood 141steel 141

glazed 141insulation boards 349, 727landscape 143lights 307, 390, 685, 769outlets aluminium 509, 890plastic single layerpolymer 143Sarnafil 350, 728Trocal 350, 728

screed ventilators 343, 348, 721, 726screeds 418, 797screeds 142sedum 352, 730sheetingcopper 141Eternit 2000 304, 682Eternit Profile 3 304, 682Eternit Profile 6 304, 682fibre cement 141Kingspan 306, 684pvf2 coated steel 141steel troughed 305, 683transluscent 307, 685

shingles Red Cedar 323, 701slatesbitumen strip 341, 719Bradstone 322, 700fibre cement 320, 698Hardrow 322, 700natural slates 142, 320, 698reconstructed stone 142, 322, 700Spanish 142, 320, 698Welsh 142, 321, 699Westmorland green 322, 700

tilesalternative prices 311, 689clay 142, 312, 690

Index 1117

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

comparative prices 142concrete 142, 313, 691steel Decra 305, 683

trussed timber 140trusses timber 290, 670underlay 319, 697ventilators 319, 697walkways 143windows 390, 769

Roof vents see Patent glazing 301, 680Rooflights 141, 390, 769polycarbonatedouble skin 390, 769electric hinge 390, 769triple skin 390, 769

suntube 390, 769Velux 390, 769

Rotary bored pile 212Roundabouts 166Rubble walling 268, 648

S PIPED SUPPLY SYSTEMS 546, 927Safety health and welfare of workpeople 193

Sandblinding/beds 211, 525, 594, 906filling 209, 525, 592, 906

Sanitary and disposal installations 157Sanitary fittings 157, 458, 838Sarnafil roofing 350, 728Scaffolding 196Screeded beds concrete 223, 603Screedscement:sand 154, 415, 794Isocrete 418, 797pumpable self-levelling 418, 797quick drying 418, 797

latex 418, 797roof lightweight 136, 419, 798

Screeduct 492, 873Screensdust-proof 584temporary 584

Screwing timber etc. 477, 858Sealants for concrete joints 238, 618Sealmaster fire and smoke seals 468, 849Security systems 558, 940Sedum roof 143, 352, 730Seeding 163, 503, 884Septic tanks 544, 925

Serviceconnectionselectric 169gas 169sewerage 169telephone 169water 169

electric main 169gas main 169runs 169telephone 169water main 169

Setts granite 164, 502, 883Sheetlinings and casings alternative materialprices 354, 732

piling 213Shelveshardwood 475, 856MDF 474, 855softwood 471, 852

Shelving systems 456, 836Shingle granular 525, 906Shingles Red Cedar 323, 701Shop fronts 150Shoring and strutting 564Showerenclosure 464, 844tray 158, 464, 844

Shuttering permanentHolorib 231, 245, 611, 625Ribdeck 230, 611

Shutterscounter 400, 779fire 150roller 149, 394, 773

Signs/Notices 465, 846Sika waterproof rendering 342, 720Sillbrick 253, 256, 633, 636concrete precast 278, 658glazed tile 430, 809hardwood 403, 782quarry tile 429, 808roofing tile and creasing 274, 654

Sinks 158, 458, 838Sitepreparation 202, 585vegetation clearing 202, 585

Skirtings

1118 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

hardwood 474, 855MDF 472, 853plastic 437, 817softwood 469, 850

Skylight see Patent glazing 301, 680Slabcoffered 225, 605concrete 225, 605suspended 137

Slateflooring 154roof 142

Slates see also Roofing Slatesdamp proof course 272, 652flooring 431, 810wedging and pinning 274, 654

Sliding door gear 487, 868Sliding/folding partitions 401, 780Slot drainage channelsaccess chamber 537, 918shallow gully 537, 918

Slots masonry 243, 623Smoke vents 162Soakersfixing only 319, 697lead 325, 703

Softwoodarchitraves 470, 851beams laminated 291, 670boarding 372, 751carcassing sawn tanalised 288, 372, 668,751

carcassing sawn untreated 286, 372, 666,751

cutting out 569door frames 400, 779doors 151, 392, 771fittings 452, 832flooring 154, 373, 752floors 138fungus beetle eradication 571handrail 145handrails 472, 853preservation 569roof boarding 372, 751skirtings 470, 851stairs 144, 404, 783tanalised 288, 668timber treatment 286, 290, 666, 670trussed rafters 140, 290, 670

untreated 286, 666window, frames 380, 759window boards 471, 852windows 148, 380, 759

Soilimported recycled 209, 503, 592, 884stacks 158

Solarphotovoltaic cells 163reflective paint 343, 721water heating 163

Solar water heating 163Sole plates 298, 677Sound insulation 1000Space decks 139Space heating 158Spanish roofing slates 136, 320, 698Special installations 163Speedfit piping 549, 930Sprinkler installation 162Squash court plaster 423, 802Stacks soil 158Stainless steelangle beads/stop beads 425, 804angles 477, 858balustrades 145, 409, 788channels 243, 623column guards 243, 623coverings/flashings 143, 338, 716Uginox grade 316 338, 716Ugitop grade 304 339, 717

cramps etc. 276, 310, 656, 688flues 554, 935joint reinforcement 272, 652reinforcement 235, 615restraints head and wall 276, 656wall ties 270, 277, 650, 657windposts 276, 656

Stairs 143cast iron 144concrete 143, 225, 605concrete precast 244-245, 624-625feature 144formwork 234, 614hardwood 144, 405, 784metal 144nosings 437, 817softwood 144, 404, 783steel spiral 144, 409, 788terrazzo 432, 811

Index 1119

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Standard door frame sets 400, 779Standing seam, see Kalzip 327, 705Steelarch-frames 427, 806balustrades 145balustrades handrail etc. 409, 788basic prices 280cladding 136, 147, 305, 683rails/purlins 285, 664

deck/shutteringHolorib 231, 245, 611, 625Ribdeck 230, 611

door/frame 393, 772doors security 394, 773erection 282, 662fabricated and erected 282, 661grade 355 283, 662grillage 283, 662gutters pressed 512, 893handrail 145handrails/brackets 409, 788hollow sections 281-282isolated members 285, 664lattice beams Metsec 286, 665lightweight framing Metsec SFS 284, 663lintels 277, 657lockers 455, 835partitions 150permanent shuttering 231, 611piling 213purlins 285, 664reinforcementbars 234, 614fabric 234, 614stainless 235, 615

roofdecking 141, 305, 353, 683, 731tiles lightweight 305, 683

shelving 456, 836shot blast 283, 662stairs 145storage costs 285, 664trestle 283, 662troughed sheeting 305, 683trussed rafters 140trusses/girders 283, 662unfabricated and erected 285, 664windows 148, 387, 766

Step irons 542, 923Stick curtain walling seeCurtain walling 302, 681

Sto render system 420, 799Stonebitumen application 310, 688cladding 308, 686corbels 268, 308, 648, 686door surround 268, 648flooringapproximate estimates 154artificial paving 499, 880

Portland 308, 686reconstructed dressings 269, 649rubble walling 268, 648window surround 268, 648work cast 268, 648York 154, 502, 883

Stop beads 425, 804Stop cock pit 488, 869Stopcocks 549, 930Stopshardwood 477, 858MDF 474, 855softwood 470, 851

Storage cylinders 551, 932StoTherm insulation render 426, 805Straps 296, 675Street furniturebus stops 166litter bins 166pillar box 166traffic signs 166

Strip flooring hardwood 154, 374, 753Strip foundations 135Structureseal tanking/fillet 344, 722Substructure 134Sundeala A pinboard 476, 857Supalux lining 367, 746SuperSleve/Superseal vitrified clay pipes 531,912

Surfacefinishes 415, 794hardener 445, 825

Suspended ceilings 155Switch socket/outlet points 556, 938Synthaprufe 272, 344, 652, 722

T MECHANICAL HEATING/COOLING/REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS 554, 935

TABLES AND MEMORANDA 1000Tacboard 370, 749Tacfire 371, 750

1120 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

Tanalised softwood 288, 668Tankingliquid applied 344, 722mastic asphalt 342, 720

TanksGRP 551, 932polyethylene 551, 932

Tarmacadam roads 165, 496, 877Taxlandfill 33VAT 11

Telephones 192Temporary, fencing hoarding and screens 584Tender indices 40Tennis court fencing 506, 887Terne coated stainless steel 338, 716Terracottablocks 267, 647cladding 311, 689rainscreen cladding 341, 719

Terram filter membrane 211, 594Terrazzofaced partitions 376, 755flooring 154, 432, 811stairs 432, 811

Thermabate cavity closers 275, 655Thermalboards 359, 737insulation 1000

Thermawall 284, 467, 663, 849Ties, wall 277, 657galvanised 270, 650polypropylene 270, 650stainless steel 270, 650

Tilefloor 154wall 153, 430, 809

Timberfencing 507, 888lockers 455, 835stud partitions 150

Timber treatment 290, 670Timesaver pipesdrain 167, 530, 911soil 518, 899

Topsoilimported recycled 209, 503, 592, 884preservation 202, 204, 585, 587

Translucentrooflights 307, 685

sheeting 307, 685Trapclay (intercepting) 534, 915polypropylene 520, 901

Treesplanting 164removing 202, 585

Trench fill foundations 134Trenches 203, 586drain 520, 901engineering services 488, 869underpinning 215, 595

Tretolastex 202T 344, 722Triple glazing 414, 793Trocal PVC roofing 350, 728Trough formers Correx 231, 611Troughed slabs 225, 605Truss clips 298, 677Trussed rafters 290, 670Turf 163, 503, 884lifting for preservation 202, 585

Tyrolean 423, 802

Underlayflooring 437, 817roofing 319, 349, 697, 727

Underpass 165Underpinning 134, 215, 595concrete 217, 597excavation 215, 595existing foundations 216, 595gas retardant dpc 219, 599preparation 217, 597trenches 215, 595wedging and pinning 219, 599

Unfabricated steelwork 280, 664Unitised curtain walling, see Curtainwalling 302

Universalbeams 280, 661columns 280, 661

uPVCchannels 544, 925cladding 307, 685wall linings 437, 817waste pipes 513, 894windows 149, 388, 767

Urinals 157, 462, 842USEFUL ADDRESSES FOR FURTHERINFORMATION 1000

Index 1121

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

V ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 556, 938VALUE ADDED TAX 11building contracts 17construction management 17design and build 17liquidated and ascertained damaged 18management 17project management 17

caravan park 15charitable use 14construction services 13disabled persons 15DIY builders 16energy saving material 17exempt supplies 12multiple occupation conversion 16new dwellings 13outside the scope 12protected buildings 15rates 11recovery 11renovation 17security installation 17

Valves 549, 930Vandex slurry 344, 722Vapour barrier 349, 727Varnish 445, 825Vegetation clearing 202, 585Vehicle control barrier 166Velfac windows 382, 761Velux 142, 390, 769Ventilation systems 159Ventilators roof 319, 343, 697, 721Vents 162Vermiculux 364, 742Vinylfloor tiles 154, 434, 813hydro flooring 435, 814sheet flooring 154, 434, 813

Visqueen 227, 344, 607, 722Void former 229, 609

W SECURITY SYSTEMS 558, 940WAGE RATESapprentice 172building industry 171gang rates 180plumbers 174road haulage workers 173

Wall 145

block 146, 150brick 145, 150, 246, 626Cedar 147cladding 306, 684concrete 146, 151, 225-226, 605-606curtain 147diaphragm 134external 145granite 431, 810internal 150kickers 233, 613laminate board 147linings 437, 817marble 153, 431, 810panelled 146precast concrete 146rails 410, 789render 148starters 276, 656terracotta 147ties 277, 657tiles 153, 430, 809timber shingles 147urinals 157, 462, 842vitreous enamelled 147

Wall finishes 152Wallpaper 153, 438, 818Waterbars 477, 858closets 157, 461, 841for the works 192hydrophilic strip 239, 619installation 159mains Tyton 553, 934pipework MDPE 552, 933tanks 551, 932

Waterproofing 342, 720Waterstops 239, 619Wax polish 447, 827WCcubicles 375, 754suites 157, 461, 841

Weather, fillets 273, 653Wedging and pinning 273, 653Weep holes 274, 654Welsh roofing slates 136, 321, 699Western Red Cedar cladding 341, 719Windowsaluminium 149, 390, 769aluminium/timber 382, 761

1122 Index

Taylor & FrancisNot for distribution

blinds 457, 837casements purpose-made 380, 759cleaning equipment 163frames purpose-made 380, 759hardwood 149, 381, 760removal of 563roof 391, 770sash purpose-made 765softwood 148, 380, 759steel 148, 387, 766tilt and turn 387, 766uPVC 149, 388, 767colour finish 388, 767Secured by Design 388, 767WER A 388, 767WER C 388, 767

window boardshardwood 476, 857MDF 475, 856softwood 471, 852

Windposts 276, 656Woodblock flooring 154, 433, 812

fibre boards 349, 727strip flooring 153, 374, 753

Working space allowance 203, 205, 586, 588Wrought/wrot faces timber 290, 670

X-ray plaster 422, 801

York stone 154, 502, 883floor 154paving 164

Zinccoverings/flashings 136, 142, 332, 710Natural Bright Reinzinc 332, 710Natural Bright Reinzinc Pro 333, 711Pre-weathered Rheinzink 333, 711Pre-weathered Rheinzink Pro 334, 712VM Natural Bright 335, 713VM Natural Bright Plus 336, 714VM Quartz (pre-weathered) 336, 714VM Quartz (pre-weathered) Plus 336, 714

Index 1123


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