58Test Bank CHAPTER 9 MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Asexually produced daughter cells are a. identical to each other b. identical to the mother cell c. different from the mother cell d. different from each other e. identical to each other and identical to the mother cell Section: 9.1 Bloom’s: knowledge Ans: e 2. Sexual reproduction a. leads to uniform characteristics in a population b. results in new combinations of genetic traits c. produces genetic clones d. requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction e. produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction Section: 9.1 Bloom’s: comprehension Ans: b 3. Which process is absolutely necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle, but is not necessarily required for organisms that only reproduce asexually? a. prokaryotic fission b. mitosis c. meiosis d. cytokinesis e. karyokinesis Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehension Ans: c 4. The essence of meiosis is that a. Cells are formed that receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. b. Cells are formed that receive two copies of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. c. Cells are formed that receive one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. d. Cells are formed that receive two members of each pair of homologous chromosomes. e. None of the choices. Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehension Ans: c
Transcript
58 Test Bank
CHAPTER 9MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Asexually produced daughter cells are
a. identical to each other b. identical to the mother cell c. different from the mother cell d. different from each other e. identical to each other and identical to the mother
cell
Section: 9.1 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: e
2. Sexual reproduction
a. leads to uniform characteristics in a population b. results in new combinations of genetic traits c. produces genetic clones d. requires less tissue differentiation than asexual
reproduction e. produces genetic clones and requires less tissue
differentiation than asexual reproduction
Section: 9.1 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: b
3. Which process is absolutely necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle, but is not necessarily required for organisms that only reproduce asexually?
a. prokaryotic fission b. mitosis c. meiosis d. cytokinesis e. karyokinesis
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: c
4. The essence of meiosis is that
a. Cells are formed that receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
b. Cells are formed that receive two copies of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
c. Cells are formed that receive one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
d. Cells are formed that receive two members of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
e. None of the choices.
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: c
5. If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms,
a. The zygote would be haploid. b. Gametes would be haploid. c. Mitosis would be sufficient. d. The chromosome number would double in each
generation. e. Eggs would be diploid but sperm would be haploid.
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: d
6. Through meiosis:
a. Alternate forms of genes are shuffled. b. Parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming
gametes. c. The diploid chromosome number is reduced to
haploid. d. Offspring are provided with new gene combinations. e. All of these.
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: e
7. If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes and undergoes meiosis, the resulting cells will have how many chromosomes?
a. 64 b. 32 c. 16 d. 8 e. 4
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: applicationAns: d
8. Homologous chromosomes
a. are the same size b. have genes for the same characteristics (even though
the alleles may not be the same) c. are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the
father and one from the mother d. pair up during meiosis e. all of these
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: e
9. Chromosomes of a pair of homologous chromosomes may differ from each other in terms of
a. sizeb. shape c. position of the centromere d. alleles e. none of these
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehension
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Ans: d
Chapter 9 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction 60
10. Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?
a. mother b. daughter c. sister d. homologous e. none of these
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
11. Meiosis typically results in the production of
a. 2 diploid cells b. 4 diploid cells c. 4 haploid cells d. 2 haploid cells e. 1 triploid cell
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
12. During meiosis II
a. Cytokinesis results in the formation of a total of two cells.
b. Sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
c. Homologous chromosomes pair up. d. Homologous chromosomes separate. e. Sister chromatids exchange parts.
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: b
13. The chromosomal DNA is duplicated in of meiosis.
a. prophase Ib. metaphase Ic. interphased. prophase IIe. anaphase II
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
14. The sister chromatids become separated during of meiosis.
a. metaphase Ib. anaphase Ic. telophase Id. anaphase IIe. prophase II
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: d
15. Each of the cells formed during telophase I is
a. diploidb. tetraploidc. in synapsisd. ready to be fertilizede. haploid
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: e
16. Sister chromatids are joined at the centromere in all of the stages of meiosis listed below except
a. metaphase IIb. anaphase IIc. telophase Id. metaphase Ie. prophase II
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: b
17. Crossing over usually occurs in which of the following stages of meiosis?
a. prophase Ib. interphasec. anaphase IId. metaphase Ie. telophase II
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: a
18. Homologous chromosomes separate during
a. anaphase I b. anaphase II c. metaphase I d. metaphase II e. telophase II
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: a
19. Crossing over
a. generally results in binary fission b. involves nucleoli c. involves breakages and exchanges being made
between sister chromatids d. alters the composition of chromosomes and results
in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells
e. all of these
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: d
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20. Pairing of homologues and crossing over occur during
a. anaphase I b. metaphase II c. prophase I d. prophase II e. telophase II
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
21. Under favorable conditions, during which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?
a. anaphase I b. telophase II c. anaphase II d. prophase I e. metaphase II
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: d
22. Which does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis?
a. cytokinesis b. formation of groups of four chromatidsc. homologue pairingd. crossing over e. condensation of chromatin
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: a
23. Which is NOT true of human chromosomes?
a. The haploid number is 23. b. The diploid number is 46. c. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes. d. Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23
chromosomes. e. Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23
chromosomes.
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: d
24. Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because
a. It produces new arrays of alleles on chromosomes. b. Homologous chromosomes must be separated into
different daughter cells. c. The number of chromosomes allotted to each
daughter cell must be halved. d. Homologous chromatids must be separated into
different daughter cells. e. All of these.
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: a
25. Which of the following is most probable at a metaphase I alignment?
a. All maternal chromosomes are on the same side. b. All paternal chromosomes are on the same side. c. Each side has a mixture of maternal and paternal
chromosomes. d. All maternal chromosomes are on one side, all
paternal on the other. e. All of these are equally probable.
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: c
26. How many metaphase alignments are possible in humans?
a. 223 b. 246 c. 232
d. 462
e. 46
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: a
27. If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of 4 chromosomes, it can produce different combinations of chromosomes. (disregarding crossing over).
a. 4 b. 8c. 12d. 16e. 64
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: applicationAns: d
28. Crossing over
a. increases the variability in gametes b. occurs between nonhomologous chromatids c. prevents genetic recombinationd. occurs between nonhomologous chromatids and
prevents genetic recombinatione. all of the choices
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: a
29. If a child more strongly resembles the maternal grandmother than the maternal grandfather, the explanation could be due to random chromosome alignment during the mother’s
a. prophase Ib. metaphase I c. telophase Id. metaphase IIe. anaphase II
Section: 9.4 Bloom’s: synthesisAns: b
Chapter 9 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction 62
30. In plants, meiosis leads directly to the production of
a. gametes b. gametophytes c. spores d. sporophytes e. none of these
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
31. Gamete formation is
a. the result of the process of mitosis b. the pairing of homologous chromosomes c. the formation of sex cells d. formation of the zygotee. a process that occurs only in asexually reproducing
forms
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
32. The stage of sperm development directly before the mature sperm is called
a. sperm mother cell b. spermatid c. spermatagonium d. primary spermatocyte e. secondary spermatocyte
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: b
33. The mature ovum is produced by maturation of the
a. oogonium b. primary oocyte c. secondary polar body d. polar body I e. none of these
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: e
34. How many mature eggs are produced from a single initial oocyte?
a. one b. twoc. threed. four e. eight
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: a
35. Which of the following cells is not haploid?
a. secondary spermatocyte b. spermatidc. primary oocyted. secondary polar bodye. ovum
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: c
36. A pine tree is called a sporophyte because it
a. develops from a spore b. produces sporesc. is haploidd. can reproduce sexually and asexuallye. cannot undergo meiosis
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: b
37. Which does NOT produce variation?
a. crossing over b. random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis c. asexual reproduction d. genetic recombination of alleles e. sexual reproduction
Section: 9.6 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
38. In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true?
a. Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II.b. Both processes result in four cells.c. Synapsis (pairing of chromosomes) occurs in both.d. Chromatids are present only in mitosis.e. Meiosis II resembles mitosis.
Section: 9.6 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: e
Matching Questions
39. Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
1. ______interphase
2. ______anaphase I
3 ______chromatid
4. ______anaphase II
5. ______metaphase I
6. ______metaphase II
7. ______prophase I
8. ______telophase I
9. ______telophase II
a. DNA duplication occurs here.
b. Homologous chromosomes associate, crossing over occurs, chromosomes condense.
c. Tertrads of homologous chromosomes align on the equator.
d. Chromatids separate, move to opposite poles.
e. Four cells formed; Each cell has one of each unduplicated chromosome.
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f. Homologous chromosomes separate; move to opposite poles
g. As in mitosis, duplicated chromosomes align on the equator.
h. Two cells formed; each has one of each duplicated chromosome.
i. Missing ninth answer choice
Sections: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledge
Answers: 1. a 2. f 3. d 4. c 5. g 6. b 7. h 8. e 9. ?
Classification Questions
With reference to the mammalian reproductive system, answer questions 40–42 by using the five items listed below.
I. spermII. mature ova III. primary oocytesIV. primary spermatocytesV. zygotes
40. During fertilization, which two items combine to form a fertilized egg?
a. I and II b. I and III c. I and IV d. II and IV e. III and IV
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: a
41. Which item(s) is(are) the same as fertilized eggs?
a. II only b. III only c. V only d. II and III e. III and V
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
42. Which is a normal sequence of development?
a. I —> II —> III b. I —> IV —> V c. II —> III —> V d. III —> II —> V e. I —> IV + II —> V
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: d
Answer questions 43–46 by using the five numbers below.
a. 10 b. 20 c. 40 d. 60 e. 80
43. How many sperm would eventually be produced from 20 spermatids?
44. How many sperm would eventually be produced from 20 primary spermatocytes?
45. How many ova (eggs) would eventually result from 20 secondary oocytes?
46. How many ova (eggs) would eventually result from 20 primary oocytes?
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: application
Answers: 43. b 44. e 45. b46. b
Some of the stages of meiosis are listed under a–e below. Answer questions 47–54 with reference to these phases of meiosis.
a. prophase I b. prophase II c. anaphase II d. anaphase I e. telophase I
47. The formation of groups of four chromatids occurs during this stage.
48. Recombination via crossing over occurs during this stage.
49. The number of homologous chromosomes is reduced by half at the end of this phase.
50. During this stage the sister chromatids separate.
51. Following this phase, each individual cell is haploid.
52. Chiasmata are present during this stage.
53. During this phase the homologous chromosomes separate.
54. New genetic combinations, upon which natural selection can act, are present after this stage.
Sections: 9.3, 9.4, 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledge
Answers: 47. a 48. a 49. d50. c 51. e 52. a53. d 54. a
Chapter 9 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction 64
Selecting the Exception
55. Four of the five answers listed below concern cells with two chromosome sets. Select the exception.
a. zygote b. somatic cells c. gamete d. diploid e. skin cells
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
56. Four of the five answers listed below are characteristic of meiosis. Select the exception.
a. involves two divisions b. reduces the number of chromosomes c. results in producing genetically identical cells d. produces haploid cells e. occurs in the gonads
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: c
57. Four of the five answers listed below are terms describing haploid cells. Select the exception.
a. ovum b. primary spermatocyte c. spermatid d. polar body e. secondary spermatocyte
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: b
58. Four of the five answers listed below are haploid cells. Select the exception.
a. zygote b. spore c. eggd. sperme. metophyte
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: a
59. Four of the five answers listed below are characteristics of polar bodies. Select the exception.
a. dumping places for excess genetic material b. have no known biological function c. are produced during meiosis d. will serve as gametes if something happens to the
egge. genetically identical to oocytes
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: d
60. Four of the five answers listed below are haploid stages of meiosis. Select the exception.
a. anaphase I b. metaphase I c. prophase I d. telophase I
Section: 9.3 Bloom’s: knowledgeAns: d
Labeling
61. Put the stages of meiosis in the correct order, naming each stage.
Ans: 1. H; prophase I 2. C; metaphase I 3. A; anaphase I 4. F; telophase I 5. E; prophase II
6. G; metaphase II 7. D; anaphase II8. B; telophase II
Short Answers
62. What is the difference between gamete formation in male and female animals?
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: ComprehensionAns: In males, all four products of meiosis can develop into mature sperm by becoming compact and growing flagella. In females, only one of the four products can go on to develop into an egg since during cell division, one of the daughter cells gets most of the cytoplasm, the other becoming a polar body. The large oocyte has stockpiled the nutrients necessary for early development.
63. How are the products of meiosis different in plants and animals?
Section: 9.5 Bloom’s: comprehensionAns: In animals, the products of meiosis go on to form gametes directly. In plants, the products of meiosis are spores. The spores germinate and develop into haploid gametophytes. The gametophytes then go on to produce the gametes.
64. How do the products of meiosis differ from those of mitosis?
Sections: 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, and recall Bloom’s: synthesisAns: Meiosis starts with a diploid cell and produces four genetically different haploid cells. Mitosis may start with either diploid of haploid cells and produces two cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the original cell.
65. Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction?
Section: 9.2 Bloom’s: analysisAns: If the chromosome number were not reduced from the diploid to the haploid number before gametes are produced, each succeeding generation would have twice the number of chromosomes as the generation before.
