TuberkuloseTuberculosis

StatistiekStatistics

• 3 Million people die world wide

• Mpumalanga – most drug resistant cases

• TB is one of the leading causes of deaths in SA

• HIV infection is the main single risk factor for TB

TB in die wêreld / TB in the world• 3 miljoen mense sterf

wêreldwyd per jaar• Mpumalanga – meeste

weerstandig teen behandeling

• TB een van die hoof oorsake van sterftes in SA

• Grootste risiko faktor is om MIV+ te wees

•

Algemene FeiteGeneral Facts

• TB is as an infectious disease• It can be a crippling and deadly

disease• Infections are rising in developed

and developing worlds• It is the leading cause of deaths

resulting from an infectious disease in the world

TB die feite / TB the facts• TB is ʼn hoogs aansteeklike siekte• Kan inhiberend en dodelik wees• Die aantal infeksies is besig om

wêreldwyd toe te neem• Is die hoof oorsaak van dood agv

ʼn aansteeklike siektes

• Also called Tuberculosis• Caused by tiny germs that enter

the lungs when you breathe them in

• TB germs are most commonly found in the lungs, but sometimes they can move to other parts of the body

• When you have TB disease of the lungs, you can spread it to other people

TB die feite / TB the facts• Word ook Tuberkulose

genoem• Veroorsaak deur patogene wat

in die longe ingeasem word• Meestal in die longe gevind,

maar kan na ander liggaamsdele beweeg

• Wanneer TB in jou longe is kan jy ander infekteer

Waar in die liggaam / Where in the body

Oorsake en VerspreidingCauses and Transmission

• Caused by a bacteria• Called = Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)

Oorsake / Causes• Veroorsaak deur n bakteriee• Naam = Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M Tuberkulose)

• Direct transmission – indirect contact• When an infectious person coughs, sneezes, laughs, or sings• Prolonged contact needed for transmission • 10% of infected persons will develop TB disease

Verspreiding / Transmission• Direkte oordrag – indirekte kontak• Wanneer n geinfekteerde persoon hoes, nies, lag of sing• Verlengde kontak word vereis• 10% van geinfekteerde persone sal die siekte kry

How Are TB Germs Spread?

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TB word nie versprei deur / You can’t infect others when you

• Quick, casual contact - passing someone on the street

• Sharing utensils or food• Sharing cigarettes or drinking

containers• Exchanging saliva or other

body fluids• Shaking hands• Using public telephones

• Vinnige kontak – verby iemand in die straat te loop

• Eetgerei of kos te deel• Sigarette te deel• Uitruil van spoeg en

liggaamsvloeistowwe• Hande skud• Publieke telefone te gebruik

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Jy kan nie meer infekteer / You can’t infect anymore

• Received adequate treatment for 2-3 weeks

• Favourable clinical response to treatment

• 3 consecutive negative sputum smears results

• Effektiewe behandeling vir 2-3 weke gehad het

• Goed op die behandeling reageer

• 3 Sputumtoetse negatiewe resultate lewer

SimptomeSymptoms

• TB infection:– TB bacteria stay in your lungs, but they do not multiply or make

you sick– You cannot pass TB germs to others

• TB disease:– TB bacteria stay in your lungs or move to other parts of your

body, multiply, and make you sick– You can pass the TB germs to other people

Stadiums / Phases• TB Infeksie:

• Die bakteriee is in jou longe, maar versprei nie en jy het geen simptome

• Jy kan nie ander mense infekteer nie

• TB Siekte• Die bakteriee bly in die longe of versprei na ander liggaamsdele• Die bakteriee vermeerder, jy toon simptome• Jy kan ander begin infekteer

• Occurs when immune system cannot :– Keep bacilli contained – Bacilli begin to multiply rapidly– Person develops TB symptoms

Die siekte / The disease• Wanneer die immuunstelsel nie:

• Die bakteriee kan keer nie• Die bakteriee begin vermeerder

• Die persoon begin simptome toon

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Simptome van TB / TB Symptoms• Productive prolonged cough,

coughing up blood• Chest pain• Fever, chills and night sweats• Fatigue• Loss of appetite and weight

loss

• Aanhoudende hoes, bloed hoes

• Borspyne• Koors, en nagsweet• Moegheid• Aptytsverlies en gewigsverlies

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TB Fase 1 / TB Stage 1

• Stage 1:• easily cured• medication

on time and regularly

•Fase 1:•Maklik geneesbaar•Medikasie moet vroegtydig en gereeld geneem word

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TB Fase 2 / TB Stage 2

• Stage 2:• Dangerous• Severe coughing• Harder to treat

•Fase 2:•Gevaarlik•Ernstige en aanhoudende

hoes•Moeiliker om te genees

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TB Fase 3 / TB Stage 3

• Stage 3:• Extremely dangerous• Starts vomiting blood• Can’t be treated anymore• Leads to death

•Fase 3:• Baie gevaarlik• Begin bloed hoes• Kan nie meer behandel word• Eindig in die dood

BehandelingTreatment

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In die verlede / In the past

• No cure for TB• Was called

consumption• The disease was

endemic

•Geen behandeling van TB•Mense het dit

tering genoem•Die siekte was

endemies

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Vandag / Today

• Treatment is complex• Needs to be followed

strictly• Problematic because of

• HIV• Drug resistance

•Behandeling is baie kompleks•Moet getrou gevolg word•Bemoeilik deur:

• MIV• Weerstandigheid teen

medikasie

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TB Infeksies / TB Infections

• Lasts 4-9 months• Has to complete course• If not:

• TB disease• Drug resistance

•Duur 4 – 9 maande•Moet kursus voltooi• Indien nie:• TB siekte•Weerstandigheid teen

medikasie

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TB siekte / TB disease

• Lasts 6-9 months• Medication kills bacteria• Has to complete course

• Even tough no symptoms• Can be cured

•Duur 6-9 maande•Medikasie beveg die bakterieë•Moet kursus voltooi:• Al is daar geen simptome• Kan dan genees word

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DOB / DOT

• Direct Observation Therapy:• Health care worker watches

patient swallow each dose of medication

• Reduces relapse of TB disease and acquired drug resistance

• Direkte Observasie Behandeling:• Mediese praktisyn kyk dat

pasiënte hulle medikasie gereeld neem

• Verminder terugvalle en dwelmweerstandigheid

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Dwelmweerstandigheid / Drug Resistance

• When patients stop courses beforehand• Bacteria mutates• Medication does not work anymore

• Wanneer pasiënte kursusse te vroeg stop• Bakterieë muteer• Medikasie werk nie meer

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Waarom gebruik mense nie medikasie / Why don’t people use medication

• Stigma • Extensive duration of treatment• Adverse reactions to medications• Concerns of toxicity• Lack of knowledge about TB and its treatment

• Die stigma van TB• Die lang duur van behandeling• Newe-effekte van medikasie• Bang vir vergiftiging• Nie genoeg kennis oor TB

VoorkomingPrevention

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Hoe vatbaarheid / High susceptibility• Age, health issues, life

circumstances , where you work may put you at risk

• High-risk groups: • Seniors• Babies• Pregnant woman• HIV-positive or AIDS patients• People with diabetes, cancer

patients, organ transplant recipients people with kidney disease

• Malnourished individuals • People surrounded by

potential cases of TB

• Ouderdom, gesondheidskwessies, lewensomstandighede en selfs jou werksomstandighede kan jou risko verhoog

• Die volgende is hoe risiko groepe:• Senior burgers• Babas• Swanger vroue• MIV / Vigs lyers• Mense met diabetes, kanker,

niersiektes en kandidate vir orgaan oorplantings• Ondervoede mense• Mense wat deur TB lyers omring word

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Risiko gedrag / Risk behaviour

• Promiscuous behaviour - HIV• Unhealthy eating habits• Seditary life style• Drugabuse

• Losbandige gedrag - MIV• Ongesonde eetgewoontes• Sittende leefstyl• Substansmisbruik

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Vermindering van verspreiding / Decreasing transmission

• Patients should:• Cover mouth when coughing or

sneezing• Wear mask as instructed• Open windows to assure proper

ventilation• Do not go to work or school

until instructed by physician• Avoid public places• Limit visitors• Maintain home or hospital

isolation

• Pasiente moet:• Hulle monde bedek wanneer

hulle hoes of nies• Maskers dra• Vensters oopmaak• Nie na skool of werk gaan as

nog ander kan infekteer• Publieke plekke vermei• Nie baie besoekers ontvang• Geisoleer word in die hospitaal