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T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Trends in Food Production, Availability and Food Balance in India
and World
Dr.T.BalaguruHead – ARSMP Division
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 30January 24, 2007
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Agricultural Resources Food Production Food Availability Food Security
Food Needs Food Consumption
Food Balance
Presentation Sequence
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Agricultural Population(millions)
Country Number* 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 441
(64)
493
(58)
546
(54)
557
(52)
560
(52)
World 2219
(50)
2442
(46)
2573
(42)
2595
(41)
2600
(41)
* Figures in parentheses indicate % of total population
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Economically Active Population in Agriculture
Country Share in Total Economically Active Population (%)
1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 69 64 60 58 58
World 52 49 45 43 43
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Land Use (m.ha)
Country Land Area
Arable Land1980 1990 2000
Permanent Crops1980 1990 2000
India 297 163 163 161 5 7 9
World 13004 1346 1396 1398 102 120 136
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Water Use (%)[2000]
Sector Country India World
Agriculture 86.5 70.0
Industry 05.5 20.0
Domestic 08.0 10.0
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Irrigated Land (m.ha)
Country Area Irrigated * 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 39
(23)
47
(28)
56
(33)
56
(33)
56
(33)
World 210
(15)
244
(16)
275
(18)
277
(18)
277
(18)
* Figures in parentheses indicate % share in arable land and permanent crops
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country Total Consumption*
1980 1990 2000 2001 2002
Macronutrients*(2002)
N P K
India 6
(5.1)
12
(8.6)
17
(12.6)
17
(12.3)
16
(11.4)
10
(11.8)
4
(12.1)
2
(8.7)
World 117 139 135 138 141 85 33 23
Fertilizer Consumption (m.t)
* Figures in parentheses indicate % of world consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Agricultural Machineries (Number/1000 ha)
Country Tractors & Harvesters - Threshers 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 2.4 6.1 12.1 13.6 15.7
World 18.8 21.7 22.2 22.4 22.7
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Animal Population (millions)
Country Cattle & Buffaloes* 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 253
(18.9)
283
(19.6)
286
(19.3)
284
(18.7)
283
(18.6)
World 1340 1443 1479 1519 1522
* Figures in parentheses indicate % of world total
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Animal Population (millions)
Country Sheep & Goat* 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 132
(8.5)
162
(9.1)
181
(10.2)
182
(10.0)
183
(9.9)
World 1554 1781 1769 1813 1851
* Figures in parentheses indicate % of world total
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Rainbow of Agricultural Revolutions
Green Revolution : Food Crops
Yellow Revolution : Oilseeds
White Revolution : Dairy
Blue Revolution : Fish
Golden Revolution : Fruits & Vegetables
‘Gene’ Revolution : Biotechnology
‘Agri-Export’ Revolution
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India* 138
(8.8)
196
(10.3)
238
(11.4)
233
(11.2)
232
(10.2)
World 1573 1904 2085 2086 2270
Food Production Production of Cereals
(m.t)
* Figures in parentheses indicate % share in the world
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
India’s Share in World Production – Cereals
21.6
12.2 12.7
2.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Rice, Paddy Wheat Sorghum Maize
Per
cen
tag
e
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India* 56.5
(9.0)
76.1
(9.4)
117.4
(9.7)
126.6
(9.4)
127.6
(9.2)
World 629.7 812.7 1207.6 1345.1 1383.7
Production of Fruits & Vegetables (m.t)
* Figures in parentheses indicate % share in the world
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India* 2.62
(1.92)
3.88
(2.16)
5.27
(2.25)
5.94
(2.34)
6.03
(2.32)
World 136.22 179.65 234.67 253.69 260.10
Production of Meat (m.t)
*Figures in parentheses indicate % share in the world
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Commodity World India Quantity % Share in World
Cereals 2270.36 232.36 10.2
Pulses 61.12 14.50 23.7
Oilseeds
(oil equivalent)
142.13 9.70 6.8
Fruits & Vegetables
1383.65 127.56 9.2
Roots & Tubers 718.20 32.60 4.5
Sugar Crops 1576.83 236.18 15.0
Stimulants 15.00 1.13 7.5
Production of Major Food Commodities (m.t) [2004]
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Commodity World India Quantity % Share in World
Milk 622.14 91.00 14.6
Meat 260.10 6.03 2.3
Eggs 62.97 2.46 3.9
Fish 195.63 6.13 3.1
Production of Major Food Commodities (m.t)[2004]
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
India’s Ranking in the World Production
India is 1st in: Beans Chick Peas Lentils Millets Pigeon Peas Pulses Banana Mangoes Okra Peas Castor beans Tea Sesame Seed Buffalo Milk Goat Milk Buffalo Meat
India is 2nd in: Rice Wheat Cabbage Cauliflower Egg Plant Garlic Lemons & Limes Onions Pumpkins Cashew Nut Groundnut Sugarcane Cow Milk Goat Meat
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Status of Productivity in Food Grains (2002-2004)
Cereals India’s Ranking
Rice 63
Wheat 48
Sorghum
77
Maize 90
Pulses India’s Rankin
g
Peas, Dry 57Pigeon Peas
13
Chick Peas 29Beans, Dry 110Groundnut in Shell
72
Soybeans 68
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Status of Productivity in Livestock Products (2002-2004)
Meat Products
India’s Ranking
Buffalo Meat 16
Chicken Meat 134
Duck Meat 48
Goat Meat 141
Pig meat 168
Milk Products
India’s Ranking
Buffalo Milk 2
Cow Milk, Whole Fresh
113
Goat Milk 33
OthersHen Eggs 55Honey 15
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Cereals & Products
Pulses & Products
Oil Crops (excluding products)
Vegetable Oils & Products
Fruits & Products
Vegetables & Products
Starchy Roots & Products
Tree Nuts & Products
163
20
25
5
29
47
20
-
165
15
22
4
30
52
24
1
184
15
32
7
33
58
26
1
187
15
37
7
40
60
28
1
178
12
29
6
43
73
30
1
Per Capita Food Production in India (kg/person/year)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Sugars & Sweeteners
Beverage Crops
Spices
Milk & Products
Animal Fats & Products
Meat & Products
Eggs & Products
Fish, Seafood & Products
21
1
1
39
1
4
1
3
20
1
2
47
1
4
1
3
25
1
2
63
1
5
1
5
26
1
2
71
2
5
2
5
27
1
3
84
3
5
2
6
Per Capita Food Production in India (Contd…) (kg/person/year)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 75.6 90.3 100.0 100.3 99.7
World 87.1 92.4 100.0 102.3 105.3
Per Capita Agricultural Production Index(1999-2001: 100.0)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2002 2003
3.24 2.67 2.72 2.33 2.64
Share of India in World Food Production (%)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
World PopulationWorld Population
1 Billion
2 Billion
3 Billion
4 Billion
5 Billion
6 Billion
1804
1927
1960
1974
1987
1999
123 Years
33 Years
14 Years
13 Years
12 Years
Population Growth : 78 Million / Year
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Total Population(millions)
Country Number 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004
India 689
(15.5)
846
(16.1)
1017
(16.8)
1066
(16.9)
1081
(17.0)
World 4435 5263 6070 6302 6378
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Minimum Dietary Energy Requirements(kcal/person/day)
1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04
1770 1780 1790 1800 1820 1820
Food Security: Food Needs in India
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country 1969-71 1979-81 1989-91 2001-03 2002-04
India 2040 2080 2370 2440 2470
World
- 2550 2700 2800 2810
Dietary Energy Consumption(kcal/person/day)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country 1969-71 1979-81 1989-91 2001-03 2002-04
India 51 51 57 57 64
World
- 67 72 75 83
Dietary Protein Consumption(g/person/day)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country 1969-71 1979-81 1989-91 2001-03 2002-04
India 30 33 41 52 51
World
- 59 68 78 76
Dietary Fat Consumption(g/person/day)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Per Capita Daily ConsumptionIndia
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
World
Per Capita Daily Consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Cereals & Products
Pulses & Products
Oil Crops (excluding products)
Vegetable Oils & Products
Fruits & Products
Vegetables & Products
Starchy Roots & Products
Sugars & Sweeteners
401
45
15
11
70
118
47
53
410
34
12
14
70
133
54
55
451
36
20
18
79
146
55
62
449
35
20
22
96
153
61
64
428
32
17
27
101
184
65
67
Food Consumption in India (g/person/day)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Tree Nuts & Products Beverage Crops
Spices
Milk & Products
Animal Fats & Products
Meat & Products
Eggs & Products
Fish, Seafood & Products
1
1
4
92
2
10
1
8
1
2
4
108
3
10
2
8
2
2
5
148
4
13
3
11
3
2
5
164
4
13
4
12
2
2
7
182
7
14
5
13
Food Consumption in India (Contd…) (g/person/day)
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Country Macronutrients Share in Total Dietary Energy Consumption (%)
1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04
IndiaCarbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
77
10
13
76
10
14
75
10
15
73
10
17
71
10
19
71
10
19
World
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
66
11
23
66
11
25
64
12
24
Dietary Composition
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Consumption Pattern: Main Food Crops (India)
Food Group Share of Dietary Components to Total Energy Consumption (%)
1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Cereals & Products
Pulses & Products
Vegetable Oil & Products
Fruits & Products
Sugars & Sweeteners
Milk & Products
Animal Fats & Products
66
8
5
1
9
3
1
66
6
6
1
9
3
1
64
5
7
1
9
4
1
62
4
8
2
9
4
2
59
4
10
2
10
4
2
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Consumption Pattern: Main Food Crops (India)
Food Group Share of Dietary Components to Total Protein Consumption (%)
1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Cereals & Products
Pulses & Products
Vegetable Oil & Products
Milk & Products
Meat & Products
Fish, Seafood & Products
62
18
3
7
3
2
64
14
4
8
3
2
62
13
4
10
3
2
61
12
4
11
3
2
59
11
4
11
3
2
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Consumption Pattern:Main Food Crops (India)
Food Group Share of Dietary Components to Total Fat Consumption (%)
1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Cereals & Products
Oil Crops (excluding products)
Vegetable Oil & Products
Milk & Products
Animal Fat & Products
22
9
37
11
7
20
7
43
11
8
16
9
43
13
8
14
8
47
13
9
11
6
52
9
12
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Item Per Capita Daily Calorie Intake (kcal/person/day)
India WorldRice
Wheat
Maize
Sorghum
Potatoes
Cassava
Sugar
Soybean Oil
Palm Oil
Rapeseed & Mustard Oil
754
510
35
55
31
14
171
50
72
30
557
521
147
33
60
43
202
87
50
30
Consumption of Major Vegetable Foods[2001-03]
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Item Per Capita Daily Calorie Intake (kcal/person/day)
India World
Milk (whole)
Milk (skimmed)
Animal Fat (raw & butter)
Cheese
Eggs
Pig Meat
Poultry Meat
Bovine Meat
Sheep & Goats Meat
78
26
55
-
7
4
5
9
3
83
13
59
25
33
117
46
40
11
Consumption of Major Animal Foods[2001-03]
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Group India World
Cereals
Pulses
Vegetable Oils
Fruits & Vegetables
Roots & Tubers
Sugars & Sweeteners
Milk, Egg & Fish
Meat
Animal Fats
Others
58.8
4.5
9.7
3.8
1.9
9.7
4.9
0.9
2.3
3.5
46.9
2.0
9.6
5.4
5.2
8.7
6.5
8.0
2.2
5.4
Share of Dietary Components in Total Energy Consumption (%): 2001-03
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Source of Dietary Energy Consumption (%) [2001 – 03]
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Source of Dietary Energy Consumption (%) [2001 – 03]
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Diet Diversification Index: India
Macronutrients Contribution of Non-Starchy Foods to Total Dietary Consumption (%)
1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Energy
Protein
Fats
32
37
77
32
35
80
34
36
83
36
38
86
39
39
88
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Diet Diversification Index: India (Contd…)
Macronutrients Contribution of Animal Products to Total Dietary Consumption (%)
1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03
Energy
Protein
Fats
5
12
23
6
13
24
7
16
26
7
17
26
8
19
26
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
1969-71 to 1979-81
FPP F P
1979-81 to 1990-92
FPP F P
1990-92 to 1995-97
FPP F P
1995-97 to 2002-04
FPP F P
0.2 2.4 2.2 1.3 3.5 2.3 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.1 1.3 1.2
Food Consumption & Population Growth: IndiaAverage Annual Rate of Change (%)
FPP : Food Per Person (Energy Consumption)F : Food (Energy Consumption to Total Population)P : Population
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Consumption Expenditure: India[Share of Food Consumption
to Total Consumption(%)]
Population Before 1990 2004
Rural
Urban
National
63.8
55.9
64.0
54.0
41.6
49.5
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Prevalence of Undernourishment
Country Undernourished Population (millions)
1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04
India
World
261.3
(27.7)
944.8
214.8
(25.1)
855.1
201.8
(24.2)
833.9
212.0
(24.8)
856.4
209.5
(24.5)
863.9
Figures in parentheses indicate % of World total
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Prevalence of Undernourishment (Contd…)
Country Proportion to Total Population (%) 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04
India
World
38
21
25
16
21
15
20
14
20
14
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Life Expectancy at Birth (Years)
Country 1980 1990 1995 2000 2003
India
World
54
63
59
65
61
66
63
66
63
67
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Child Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births)
Country 1980 1990 1995 2000 2003
India
World
173
118
123
95
104
89
94
83
87
80
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Balance: Cereals (2001-03)[Quantity (m.t)]
Country Production ( + )
Exports
( - )
Imports
( + )
Stock Changes
( - )
Consumption (=)
India
World
187.17
(1.14)
1879.60
(1.99)
7.94
(0.05)
294.69
(0.31)
0.05
-
294.07
(0.31)
15.15
(0.09)
936.07
(0.99)
164.13
942.73
Figures in parentheses indicate ratio to consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Balance: Vegetable Oils (2001-03)
[Quantity (m.t)]
Country Production ( + )
Exports
( - )
Imports
( + )
Stock Changes
( - )
Consumption (=)
India
World
6.27
(0.61)
101.72
(1.46)
0.26
(0.03)
47.97
(0.69)
5.09
(0.50)
45.90
(0.66)
0.85
(0.08)
29.98
(0.43)
10.26
69.68
Figures in parentheses indicate ratio to consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Balance: Sugars & Sweeteners (2001-03)
[Quantity (m.t)]
Country Production ( + )
Exports
( - )
Imports
( + )
Stock Changes
( - )
Consumption (=)
India
World
28.50
(1.12)
177.43
(1.12)
1.57
(0.06)
51.81
(0.33)
0.07
(-)
48.52
(0.31)
1.47
(0.06)
16.31
(0.10)
25.53
157.83
Figures in parentheses indicate ratio to consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Balance: Roots & Tubers (2001-03)
[Quantity (m.t)]
Country Production ( + )
Exports
( - )
Imports
( + )
Stock Changes
( - )
Consumption (=)
India
World
31.60
(1.27)
690.71
(1.73)
0.06
( - )
36.38
(0.09)
0.02
( - )
41.70
(0.10)
6.60
(0.27)
296.58
(0.74)
24.96
399.45
Figures in parentheses indicate ratio to consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Balance: Milk (Excluding Butter) (2001-03)
[Quantity (m.t)]
Country Production ( + )
Exports
( - )
Imports
( + )
Stock Changes
( - )
Consumption (=)
India
World
87.73
(1.26)
601.88
(1.22)
0.31
( - )
78.66
(0.16)
0.04
( - )
74.42
(0.15)
17.87
(0.26)
102.87
(0.21)
69.59
494.77
Figures in parentheses indicate ratio to consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007
Food Balance: Meat (2001-03)
[Quantity (m.t)]
Country Production ( + )
Exports
( - )
Imports
( + )
Stock Changes
( - )
Consumption (=)
India
World
5.72
(1.06)
246.46
(1.01)
0.31
(0.06)
27.58
(0.11)
-
-
26.28
(0.11)
-
-
2.02
(0.01)
5.41
243.14
Figures in parentheses indicate ratio to consumption
T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007