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Top-down & bottom-up approach? Evaluation of French clusters – 2003/2018 Frédéric Miribel Parallel 4.1 New Cluster Policies and Cluster Evaluation 12 November 2014
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Top-down & bottom-up approach? Evaluation of French clusters – 2003/2018 Frédéric Miribel
Parallel 4.1 New Cluster Policies and Cluster Evaluation
12 November 2014
TOP-DOWN & BOTTOM-UP APPROACH?EVALUATION OF FRENCH CLUSTERS – 2003/2018
FREDERIC MIRIBEL – INVEST IN LYON, FRANCE.
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
BOTTOM-UP OR TOP-DOWN?
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
CLUSTERS
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
50%
50%
Top-Down
Bottom-Up
• Initiate the policy in 2005
• Select clusters(71 over ~150 candidates)
• Finance 1.5 billion € / 3 years (x2)
R&D and operating costs
• Evaluate (2008- 2011 - 2014)
• Bring local actors together
• Sets up governance and Strategy
• Elaborate R&D projects
• Finance (R&D and operating costs)
• Promote
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
BACKGOUND & CULTURAL CONTEXT
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
WHY A CLUSTER POLICY?
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
=> GROWTH & EMPLOYMENT
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
WHAT HAPPENED?
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• The clusters cover most sectors of activity, from emerging high-tech fields (nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, ecotechnologies, and so on) to more mature sectors (automotive, aerospace,.
• In 2011, each cluster had an average of 187 members (108 SMEs, 16 ETIs, 13 major groups and 31 research and training organisations).
• Their average budget was around €1.3m
• Their leadership teams were small (8 FTE employees) and stable (more than 3 years in the job).
• SME involvement in clusters in 2011
– 86% are SMEs : In 2011, 86% of the clusters' 7,500 member firms were SMEs, 12% were ETIs and 2% were major companies.
– 63% of subsidies : In 2013, SMEs received 67% of the financial support granted to companies by the state fund dedicated to collaborative R&D projects (Fonds unique interministériel, FUI).
TYPICAL PROFILEOF A FRENCH CLUSTER
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Main Clusters in Lyon
Biocluster Rhône Alpes :650 companies, 100 000 jobs
Technical & functional textilesAll applicationswww.techtera.org
Contact : Corinne Farace, [email protected],Tel. +33 (0)4 72 86 16 30
Digital Content Cluster : 6% world market, 2000 jobsInformation Technology Cluster : 2200 companies, 26 000 jobs
Chemistry- Environmentwww.axelera.org
Catalysis, Synthesize, Materials
To conceive chemistry in harmony with the environment Contact: Marie-Emmanuelle Fréour [email protected]
Tel. +33 (0)4 78 77 83 64
World Clusters
Eco-Energies Cluster700 éco- companies
www.ecoenergies-cluster.fr
Automobile Cluster920 companies, 100 000 jobs
www.automotive-cluster.fr
Bus, Trucks, Transportwww.lutb.fr
To imagine the urban transport systems of tomorrow Contact : Pascal NIEF, [email protected]
Tél : +33 (0)4 72 40 59 29
Vaccines & Diagnosticswww.lyonbiopole.org
World cluster in virology which unites the main leaders in vaccine and diagnostics
Contact : Isabelle Barbelet, [email protected]. +33 (0)4 72 40 79 75
World Cluster
Digital Contentwww.imaginove.fr
Video Games, Animation, Images, CinemaContact : Ludovic NOEL, [email protected]
Tel. +33 (0)4 26 23 41 20
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
WHAT DO THEY DO?
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
DID IT WORK?
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Sou
rce:
Eu
rost
at
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
2005-2009+7.3% in R&D Spending from SMEs+19,000€ on averageNo significant impact on IP/PatentsNo significant impact on Turnover+980 jobs, 570 highly qualified
2009-2012Thanks to cluster policies:66% SMEs have created jobs 84% have saved jobs
2013-2018Less national support (-15 to 30%), more localMore business oriented« From project factoryto product factory »So
urc
e: In
see
le 2
9 o
cto
bre
20
14
Ch
rist
op
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Bel
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et V
ince
nt
Do
rtet
-Ber
nad
et
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
INVISIBLE EFFECTS
WHAT IS COMING UP NEXT?
The French National government will reduce its
financial contribution to the management expensesof the clusters by somewhere between 15% to 30%, from 16,5M€
The LOCAL ACTORS will take over the differential cost
=> Regions are taking over: Bottom-up > Top-down
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
CITIES COMPETITON: THE FUTURE CHALLENGE
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
EMPLOYMENT WITHOUT GROWTH?
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTUREEUROPE : Still world’s #1 import/export market (35%)
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Source: Eurostat
Shares of global middle-income class consumption 2000-2050
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Others
EU
US
Japan
India
China
Data source: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/12/52/44457738.pdf
Your contact
Frédéric Miribel, PhD
International Director
Tél : +33 (0)4 72 40 57 89
Lyon Area Economic Development Agency
Place de la Bourse
69289 Lyon Cedex 02 - France
www.aderly.com
THANK YOU!
