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INTERNETWORKIGINTERNETWORKIG

WITHWITH

TCP/IPTCP/IP

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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

HYSTORY OF TCP/IPHYSTORY OF TCP/IP INTRODUCTION OF TCP/IPINTRODUCTION OF TCP/IP

IP ADDRESSESIP ADDRESSES

INFORMATION REQUIRED FORINFORMATION REQUIRED FORINSTALL A TCP/IP IN PCINSTALL A TCP/IP IN PC

TYPES OF NETWORKTYPES OF NETWORK

ARPARP

INTERNET ARCHITECTUREINTERNET ARCHITECTURE

SUBNETTINGSUBNETTING

FUTURE OF TCP/IPFUTURE OF TCP/IP

IPV6IPV6

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HYSTORY OF TCP/IPHYSTORY OF TCP/IP

Department of Defense (DOD)Department of Defense (DOD)research project to connect a numberresearch project to connect a numberdifferent networks designed bydifferent networks designed bydifferent vendors into a network ofdifferent vendors into a network of

networks ("Internet"). It wasnetworks ("Internet"). It wasinitially successful because itinitially successful because itdelivered a few basic services thatdelivered a few basic services thateveryone needs (file transfer,everyone needs (file transfer,electronic mail, remote logon) acrosselectronic mail, remote logon) acrossa very large number of client anda very large number of client andserver systems.server systems.

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

INTERNETINTERNET

PROTOCOLPROTOCOL

TCPTCP

IPIP

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IP ADDRESSIP ADDRESS

An IP address is a unique number thatAn IP address is a unique number thatidentifies computers on the Internet .An IPidentifies computers on the Internet .An IPaddress consists of four numbers separated byaddress consists of four numbers separated byperiods. Each number must be between 0 toperiods. Each number must be between 0 to255.255.

PropertiesProperties ::IP addresses are unique.IP addresses are unique.

No two machine can have the sameNo two machine can have the sameIP number.IP number.

IP addresses are also global andIP addresses are also global andstandardized.standardized.

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INFORMATION REQUIRED FORINFORMATION REQUIRED FOR

INSTALL OF TCP/IP IN PCINSTALL OF TCP/IP IN PC

The IP address assigned to this personalThe IP address assigned to this personalcomputercomputer

The part of the IP address (the subnetThe part of the IP address (the subnetmask) that distinguishesmask) that distinguishesother machines on the same LAN (messagesother machines on the same LAN (messagescan be sent to them directly) from machines incan be sent to them directly) from machines inother departments or elsewhere in the worldother departments or elsewhere in the world(which are sent to a router machine)(which are sent to a router machine)

The IP address of the router machine thatThe IP address of the router machine thatconnects this LAN to the rest of the worldconnects this LAN to the rest of the world..

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NETWORKNETWORK LAN

LAN

: ( LOCAL AREA NETWORK ): ( LOCAL AREA NETWORK )It provides highest speedIt provides highest speed

communication among computers but it covers smallcommunication among computers but it covers small

distances. For example it cover small area like adistances. For example it cover small area like a

single building or a small campus and operatessingle building or a small campus and operatesbetween 10 Mbps to 2 Gbps.between 10 Mbps to 2 Gbps.

WAN: (WAN: ( WIDE AREA NETWORK )WIDE AREA NETWORK )

It provides communication over largeIt provides communication over largedistances. It operates at slower speeds than LANs.distances. It operates at slower speeds than LANs.

Typical speed for wan range from 56 Kbps to 155Typical speed for wan range from 56 Kbps to 155

Mbps.Mbps.

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ARPARP

ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOLADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL

It is used for mapping a mapping IP addressesIt is used for mapping a mapping IP addresses

to physical addresses dynamically. It allows a hostto physical addresses dynamically. It allows a hostto find the physical address of a target host on theto find the physical address of a target host on the

same physical network.same physical network.

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INTERNET ARCHITECTUREINTERNET ARCHITECTURE Two networks can only connected, to form anTwo networks can only connected, to form an

internetwork ,by computer that attaches to both ofinternetwork ,by computer that attaches to both of

them. The computer that interconnect two networksthem. The computer that interconnect two networks

and pass packets from one to the other is calledand pass packets from one to the other is called

Internet Gateways or Internet routersInternet Gateways or Internet routers..

INTERNETWORKING THROUGH IP ROUTERSINTERNETWORKING THROUGH IP ROUTERS

net 1 r1 net 2 r2 net 3net 1 r1 net 2 r2 net 3

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SUBNETTINGSUBNETTING

It is used to allow a single networkIt is used to allow a single networkaddress to span multiple physicaladdress to span multiple physical

networks is called subnet addressing.networks is called subnet addressing. 32 bit IP address having an internet32 bit IP address having an internet

portion and a local portion ,where theportion and a local portion ,where theinternet portion identifies a site, and theinternet portion identifies a site, and the

local portion identifies a physical networklocal portion identifies a physical networkand a host at that site.and a host at that site.

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network 128.10.1.0.network 128.10.1.0.

128.10.1.1 2128.10.1.1 2

h1 h2h1 h2

rest of the R 128.10.1.2rest of the R 128.10.1.2internetinternet

network 128.10.2.0network 128.10.2.0

128.10.2.1 h3 h4128.10.2.1 h3 h4

128.10.2.2128.10.2.2

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FUTURE OF TCP/IPFUTURE OF TCP/IP

Why change tcp/ip and the internetWhy change tcp/ip and the internet??

1. New computer and communication1. New computer and communicationtechnologies.technologies.

2. New applications.2. New applications.3. Increases in size and load.3. Increases in size and load.

4. New policies.4. New policies.

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IPIPVV66

IPv6 is a new version of ip.IPv6 is a new version of ip.

FEATURES OF IPv6FEATURES OF IPv6::

1.1. Larger addresses.Larger addresses.

128 bits128 bits

2.Flexible header format.2.

Flexible header format.