TDS-100H+hand+held_Manual_

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Contents1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 3

1.1 Preface................................................................................................................................... 31.2 Features..................................................................................................................................31.3 Flow Measurement Principle.................................................................................................41.4 Part Identification.................................................................................................................. 51.5 Typical Applications..............................................................................................................71.6 Data Integrity and Built in Time Keeper............................................................................... 71.7 Product Identification............................................................................................................ 71.8 Specifications.........................................................................................................................7

2.0 Measurement........................................................................................................................... 82.1 Built in Battery...................................................................................................................... 82.2 Power On............................................................................................................................... 82.3 Keypad...................................................................................................................................82.4 Menu Windows......................................................................................................................92.5 Menu Window List................................................................................................................ 92.6 Steps to Configure Parameters.............................................................................................102.7 Transducer Mounting Allocation.........................................................................................112.8 Transducer Installation........................................................................................................ 13

2.8.1 Transducer Spacing..........................................................................................................132.8.2 V Method Installation...................................................................................................... 132.8.3 Z Method Installation.......................................................................................................142.8.4 W Method Installation..................................................................................................... 14

2.9 Installation Testing.............................................................................................................. 142.9.1 Signal Strength.................................................................................................................142.9.2 Signal Quality.................................................................................................................. 142.9.3 Total Transit Time and Delta Time..................................................................................152.9.4 Transit Time Ratio........................................................................................................... 15

3.0 How To check and setup....................................................................................................... 163.1 How to check the instrument works properly......................................................................163.2 How to check the liquid flow direction............................................................................... 163.3 How to change the unit readings......................................................................................... 163.4 How to select a flow rate..................................................................................................... 163.5 How to use the totaliser multiplier.......................................................................................163.6 How to set the totaliser functions........................................................................................ 163.7 How to reset totalisers......................................................................................................... 163.8 How to restore the factory defaults......................................................................................163.9 How to use the damper to stabilise the flow rate.................................................................173.10 How use the zero cut off function........................................................................................173.11 How to set a zero point........................................................................................................ 173.12 How to change the flow rate scale factor.............................................................................173.13 How to set and lock the password....................................................................................... 173.14 How to use the inbuilt data logger.......................................................................................173.15 How to use the Frequency Output....................................................................................... 183.16 How to use the totaliser Pulse output.................................................................................. 183.17 How to produce an alarm signal.......................................................................................... 183.18 How to use the built in Buzzer............................................................................................ 193.19 How to use the OCT Pulse output....................................................................................... 19

TDS -100Hand Held Ultrasonic Flow Meter

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3.20 How to set the built in Calender.......................................................................................... 193.21 How to adjust the LCD contrast.......................................................................................... 193.22 How to use the RS232 serial interface.................................................................................193.23 How to view the totalisers................................................................................................... 193.24 How to use the working timer............................................................................................. 193.25 How to use the manual totaliser...........................................................................................193.26 How to check the Serial number..........................................................................................193.27 How to check the battery life...............................................................................................203.28 How to charge the battery....................................................................................................20

4.0 Menu window details.............................................................................................................215.0 Trouble shooting....................................................................................................................24

5.1 Power-on errors................................................................................................................... 245.2 Working Status errors.......................................................................................................... 255.3 Other Problems and Solutions............................................................................................. 26

6.0 Communication Protocol...................................................................................................... 266.1 RS232 Connector Pin-out.................................................................................................... 266.2 Communication Protocol..................................................................................................... 27

6.2.1 Basic Commands..............................................................................................................276.2.2 Protocol Prefix Usage...................................................................................................... 29

6.3 The M command and the ASCII Codes...............................................................................307.0 Warranty and Service........................................................................................................... 30

7.1 Warranty.............................................................................................................................. 307.2 Service................................................................................................................................. 30

8.0 Appendix................................................................................................................................ 328.1 Battery Maintenance and Replacement............................................................................... 328.2 Pipe Size Tables...................................................................................................................32

8.2.1 Standard Pipe size charts for Copper............................................................................... 328.2.2 Standard Pipe size charts for PVC................................................................................... 338.2.3 Standard Pipe size charts for Steel pipe........................................................................... 348.2.4 Standard Pipe size charts for Cast Iron Pipe.................................................................... 438.2.5 Standard Pipe size charts for Ductile Iron Pipe............................................................... 44

8.3 Sound Speed Tables.............................................................................................................458.3.1 Sound Speed data of solids.............................................................................................. 458.3.2 Sound Speed in Water......................................................................................................478.3.3 Sound Speed in Liquids................................................................................................... 48

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List of figures

Figure 1: Transit time flow measurement principle...................................................................7Figure 2: Top panel and front view............................................................................................8Figure 4: Keypad......................................................................................................................12Figure 5: Pipe configuration and transducer placement...........................................................15Figure 6: Transducer clamp down............................................................................................16Figure 7: Transducer V method mountion............................................................................... 16Figure 8: Transducer Z method mounting............................................................................... 17Figure 9: Transducer W Method mounting..............................................................................17Figure 10: RS232 wiring diagram............................................................................................30


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1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 PrefaceThe hand held flow meter is a battery-powered ultrasonic flow meter with the capability of a full-sizeflow meter. It is carefully designed for portability and ease of use.

The hand held flow meter is based on clamp-on transit-time flow measurement principle. It measuresthe flow rate of liquid in a pipe from outside of the pipe by using a pair of ultrasonic transducers. Ingeneral, the liquid should be full in the pipe, and should contain very little particles or bubbles.Examples of applicable liquids are: water (hot water, chill water, city water, sea water, etc.); sewage; oil(crude oil, lubricating oil, diesel oil, fuel oil, etc.); chemicals (alcohol, acids, etc.); waste; beverage andliquid food, solvents and other liquids.

Due to the nature of clamp-on technique, the transducer installation is simple and no special skills ortools are required. Besides, there is no pressure drop, no moving parts, no leaks and no contamination.

The hand held flow meter utilizes our proprietary technologies such as advanced signal processing, low-voltage transmitting, small signal receiving with self-adapting, and etc. It also incorporates the latestsurface-mounting semiconductors and mini PCB design techniques. The built-in rechargeable Ni-Hbattery can work continuously for more than 10 hours without recharge.

The hand held flow meter has also a built-in data-logger, which allows storage of 2,000 lines of data.The stored information can be downloaded to a PC through its RS232 connection port. The hand heldflow meter also provides digital output such as frequency output or pulsed totaliser output.1.2 Features

0.5% of linearity 0.2% of repeatability 1% of accuracy at velocity above 0.6ft/s. 0.5% when on-site calibration isavailable Bi-directional measurement 4 flow totalizers Proprietary low-voltage transmissiontechnology

Wide pipe size range 100 Pico-second time measurement resolution 0.5 second totalizing period Built-in data-logger Clam-on transducer. Easy to install and to maintain Light weight, portable. Main unit 1.2lbs. Also able to be used for long-term deployment


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1.3 Flow Measurement PrincipleThe hand held flow meter ultrasonic flow meter is designed to measure the velocity of liquid within aclosed conduit. It uses the well-know transit-time technology. The transducers are a non-contacting,clamp-on type. They do not block the flow, thus no pressure drop. They are easy to install and remove.

The hand held flow meter utilizes a pair of transducers that function as both ultrasonic transmitter andreceiver. The transducers are clamped on the outside of a closed pipe at a specific distance from eachother. The transducers can be mounted in V-method where the sound transverses the pipe twice, or W-method where the sound transverses the pipe four times, or in Z-method where the transducers aremounted on opposite sides of the pipe and the sound crosses the pipe once. The selection of themounting methods depends on pipe and liquid characteristics.

The hand held flow meter operates by alternately transmitting and receiving a frequency-modulatedburst of sound energy between the two transducers and measuring the transit time that it takes for soundto travel between the two transducers. The difference in the transit time measured is directly andexactly related to the velocity of the liquid in the pipe, as shown in the following figure.FIGURE 1: TRANSIT TIME FLOW MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE

Where is the angle between the sound path and the flow directionM is the number of times the sound traverses the flowD is the pipe diameterTup is the time for the beam travelling from upstream the transducer to the downstream

transducerTdown is the time for the beam travelling from the downstream transducer to the upstream

transducerT = Tup Tdown

Down stream transducer

spacing

flow

Upstream transducer

Tdown Tup

downup TTTMDV 2sin


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1.4 Part IdentificationFIGURE 2: TOP PANEL AND FRONT VIEW


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Figure 3: Transducers and cables

T r a n s d u c e r s :

S t a n d a r d - H M ( 5 0 m m - 7 0 0 m m )

C a b l e 5 m x 2

B l u e T e r m i n a l

5m

R e d T e r m i n a l



5m





S t a n d a r d - H S ( 2 0 m m - 1 0 0 m m )

( O p t i o n a l A c c e s s a r i e s )

E x t e n d e d C a b l e 5 m x 2 ( O p t i o n a l A c c e s s a r i e s )

M1-type (2-28) 50-700mmL1-type (11-240) 300-6000mm

M-type (2-28) 50-100mm

S-type (1/2-4)20-100mm

C o n v e r t e d T e r m i n a l a n d A C / D C A d a p t e r

C a b l e o f R S - 2 3 2 C i n t e r f a c e

1m

Converter Terminal and AC adapter

Cable 5metre X 2

Red Terminal Red Terminal

Blue Terminal Blue Terminal

Cable_ Rs232 Interface


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1.5 Typical ApplicationsThe hand held flow meter flow meter can be applied to a wide range of pipe flow measurements. Thepipe size ranges 0.5-240 (15mm-6000mm). A variety of liquid applications can be accommodated:ultra-pure liquids, potable water, oil, chemicals, raw sewage, reclaimed water, cooling water, river water,sea water, plant effluent, etc. Because the transducers are non-contacting and have no moving parts, theflow meter will not be affected by flow pressure or liquid properties. Standard transducers are rated to100C. Higher temperatures can be accommodated. For further information, please consult themanufacturer for assistance.

1.6 Data Integrity and Built in Time KeeperAll user-entered configuration values are stored in the built-in non-volatile flash memory that can retainthe data for over 100 years, even when the power is lost or turned off. Password protection is providedto avoid inadvertent configuration changes or totalizer resets.

A time-keeper is integrated in the flow meter. It works as the time base for flow totalizing. The time-keeper remains operating as long as the batterys terminal voltage is over 1.5V. In case of batteryfailure, the time-keeper will not keep running and the time data will lost. The user must re-enter propertime values after the battery failure is recovered. Improper time values will affect the totalizers as wellas many other functions.1.7 Product IdentificationEach set of the hand held flow meter series flow meter has a unique product identification number orESN written into the software that can only be modified with a special tool by the manufacturer. In caseof any hardware failure, please provide this number which is located on menu window M61 whencontacting the manufacturer.

1.8 SpecificationsLinearity 0.5%Repeatability 0.2%Accuracy 1% of reading at rates>0.6 ft/s. 0.5% with on-site calibrationResponse Time 0-999 seconds, user-configurableVelocity 0.03 ~ 105 ft/s (0.01 ~ 30 m/s), bi-directionalPipe Size 0.5 ~ 240 (15 ~ 6,000mm)Rate Units Meter, Feet, Cubic Meter, Liter, Cubic Feet, USA Gallon, Imperial

Gallon, Oil Barrel, USA Liquid Barrel, Imperial Liquid Barrel, MillionUSA Gallons. User configurable.

Totaliser 7-digit totals for net, positive and negative flowLiquid Types Virtually all liquidsSecurity Setup lockout. Access code needed for unlockingDisplay 4x16 English lettersCommunicationInterface

RS-232C, baud-rate: from 75 to 115,200 bps. Protocol made by themanufacturer. User protocols can be made on enquiry.

Transducers Model M1 for standard, other 3 models for optionalTransducer Cable Standard 2x30 (10m), optional 2x1,500 (500m)Power Supply 3 AAA Ni-H built-in batteries. When fully charged it will last over 10

hours of operation.100V-240VAC for the charger

Data Logger Built-in data logger can store over 2,000 lines of dataManual Totalizer 7-digit press-key-to-go totalizer for calibrationHousing Material ABS. Aluminum alloy protective caseCase Size 3.9"x2.6"x0.8" (100x66x20mm)Handset Weight 1.2 lbs (514g) with batteries


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2.0 MEASUREMENT2.1 Built in BatteryThe instrument can operate either from the built-in Ni-H rechargeable battery, which will last over 10hours of continuous operation when fully charged, or from an external AC/power supply from thebattery charger.

The battery charging circuit employs both constant-current and constant-voltage charging methods. Ithas a characteristic of fast charging at the beginning and very slow charging when the batteryapproaches to full charge. Generally, when the green LED is on, the battery is nearly 95% charged, andwhen the red LED is off, the battery is nearly 98% charged.

Since the charging current becomes tapered when the battery charging is nearly completed, i.e. thecharging current becomes smaller and smaller, therefore, there should be no over-charging problem.This also means the charging progress can last very long. The charger can be connected to the handsetall the time when an around-the-clock measurement is required.

When fully charged, the terminal voltage reaches around 4.25V. The terminal voltage is displayed onwindow M07. When the battery is nearly consumed, the battery voltage drops to below 3V. Theapproximate remaining working time is indicated in this window as well.Notice that the battery remaining working time is estimated based on the current battery voltage. It mayhave some errors, especially when the terminal voltage is in the range from 3.70 to -3.90 volts.For Battery maintenance and replacement, please refer to Appendix A.

2.2 Power On

Press ON key to turn on the power and press OFF to turn off the power.

Once the flow meter is turned on, it will run a self-diagnostic program, checking first the hardware andthen the software integrity. If there is any abnormality, corresponding error messages will be displayed.

Generally, there should be no display of error messages, and the flow meter will go to the mostcommonly used Menu Window #01 (short for M01) to display the Velocity, Flow Rate, PositiveTotaliser, Signal Strength and Signal Quality, based on the pipe parameters configured last time by theuser or by the initial program.

The flow measurement program always operates in the background of the user interface. This meansthat the flow measurement will keep running regardless of any user menu window browsing or viewing.Only when the user enters new pipe parameters will the flow meter change measurement to reflect thenew parameter changes.

When new pipe parameters are entered or when the power is turned on, the flow meter will enter into aself-adjusting mode to adjust the gain of the receiving circuits so that the signal strength will be within aproper range. By this step, the flow meter finds the best receiving signals. The user will see the progressby the number 1, 2, or 3, located on the lower right corner of the LCD display.

When the user adjusts the position of the installed transducers,the flow meter will re-adjust the signal gain automatically.

Any user-entered configuration value will be stored in theNVRAM (non-volatile memory), until it is modified by the user.2.3 KeypadThe keypad of the flow meter has 16+2 keys.Keys 0 ~ 9 and . are keys to enter numbers.Key /+ is the going UP key when the user wants to go to theupper menu window. It also works as + key when entering ENT

CHARGE

MENU

0

4

7

1 2 3

5

8

6

9

ON OFF


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numbers.Key /- is the going DOWN key when the user wants to go to the lower menu window. It also worksas the key when entering numbers.Key is the backspace key when the user wants go left or wants to backspace the left character that islocated to the left of the cursor.Key ENT is the ENTER key for any input or selections.Key MENU is the key for the direct menu window jump over. Whenever the user wants to proceed to acertain menu window, the user can press this key followed by a 2-digit number.The MENU key is shortened as the M key hereafter when referring to menu windows.The ON key is for the power on.The OFF key is for the power off.

FIGURE 4: KEYPAD2.4 Menu WindowsThe user interface of this flow meter comprises about 100 different menu windows that are numberedby M00, M01, M02 M99.

There are two methods to get into certain menu window:(1) Direct jump in. The user can press the MENU key followed by a 2-digit number. For example, themenu window M11 is for setting up pipe outer diameter. Pressing MENU 1 1 will display the M11menu window immediately.(2) Press /+ or /- key. Each time of the /+ key pressing will lead to the lower-numbered menuwindow. For example, if the current window is on M12, the display will go to window M11 after the/+ key is pressed once.

There are three different types of menu windows:(1) Menu windows for number entering, e.g., M11 for setting up pipe outer diameter.(2) Menu windows for option selection, e.g., M14 for the selection of pipe materials.(3) Results display windows, e.g., window M00 for displaying Velocity, Flow Rate, etc.

For number entering windows, the user can directly press the digit keys if the user wants to modify thevalue. For example, if the current window is on M11, and the user wants to enter 219.2345 as the pipeouter diameter, then, the flowing keys should be pressed: 2 1 9 . 2 3 4 5 ENT.

For option selection windows, the user should first press the ENT key to get into option selection mode.Then, use /+ , /- , or digit key to select the right option. Consequently, press the ENT to make theselection.For example, assume your pipe material is stainless steel and you are currently on menu window M14which is for the selection of pipe materials (if you are on a different window, you need press MENU 14 first in order to enter into the M14 window.) You need to press the ENT key to get into the optionselection mode. Then, either press the /+ and /- keys to make the cursor on the line that displays 1.Stainless Steel, or press the 1 key directly. At the end, press ENT again to make the selection.

Generally, the ENT key must be pressed to get into the option selection mode for option modifications.If the Locked M47 Open message is indicated on the lowest line of the LCD display, it means that themodification operation is locked out. In such cases, the user should go to M47 to have the instrumentunlocked before any further modification can be made.2.5 Menu Window ListM00~M09 windows for the display of the instantaneous flow rate, net totalizer value, positive totalizervalue, negative totalizer value, instantaneous flow velocity, date time, battery voltage and estimatedworking hours for the battery.M10~M29 windows for entering system parameters, such as pipe outer diameter, pipe wall thickness,liquid type, transducer type / model, transducer installation method, etc. Transducer installation spacingis also displayed on one of the windows. .


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M30~M38 windows for flow rate unit selection and totalizer configuration. User can use these windowsto select flow rate unit, such as cubic meter or liter, as well as to turn on / off each totalizer, or to zerothe totalizers.M40~M49 windows for setting response time, zeroing / calibrating the system and changing password.M50~M53 windows for setting up the built-in logger.M60-M78 windows for setting up time-keeper and displaying software version, system serial numberESN and alarms.M82 window for viewing data totalizer.M90~M94 windows for displaying diagnostic data. Those data are very useful when doing a moreaccurate measurement.M97~M99 are not windows but commands for window copy output and pipe parameter output.M+0~M+8 windows for some additional functions, including a scientific calculator, display of the totalworking time, and display of the time and the flow rate when the device is turned on and turned off.Other menu windows such as M88 have no functions, or functions were cancelled because they are notapplied to this version of the software.

The major reason why the menu windows are arranged in the above way is to make this version becompatible with previous versions. This will make life easier for the former version users.

2.6 Steps to Configure ParametersIn order to make the hand held flow meter work properly, the user must follow the following steps toconfigure the system parameters:

1. Pipe size and pipe wall thickness2. For standard pipe, please refer to Appendix B for outer diameter and wall thickness data. For

non-standard pipe, the user has to measure these two parameters.3. Pipe materials

For non-standard pipe material, the sound speed of the material must be entered. Please refer toAppendix C for sound speed data.

4. For standard pipe materials and standard liquids, the sound speed values have already beenprogrammed into the flow meter, therefore there is no need to enter them again.

5. Liner material, its sound speed and liner thickness, if there is any liner.6. Liquid type (for non-standard liquid, the sound speed of the liquid should be entered.)7. Transducer type.8. Transducer mounting methods (the V-method and Z-method are the common methods)9. Check the transducer distance displayed on window M25 and install the transducers accordingly.

Example: For standard (commonly used) pipe materials and standard (commonly measured) liquids, theparameter configuration steps are as following:(1) Press keys MENU 1 1 to enter into M11 window. Input the pipe outer diameter through thekeypad and press ENT key.(2) Press key /- to enter into M12 window. Input the pipe thickness through the keypad and pressENT key.(3) Press key /- to enter into M14 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection mode.Use keys /+ and /- to scroll up and down to the proper pipe material, and then press ENT key.(4) Press key /- to enter into M16 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection mode.Use keys /+ and /- to scroll up and down to the proper liner material, and then press ENT key.Select No Liner, if there is no liner.(5) Press key /- to enter into M20 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection mode.Use keys /+ and /- to scroll up and down to the proper liquid, and then press ENT key.(6) Press key /- to enter into M23 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection mode.Use keys /+ and /- to scroll up and down to the proper transducer type, and then press ENT key.(7) Press key /- to enter into M24 window. Press ENT key to get into the option selection mode.Use keys /+ and /- to scroll up and down to the proper transducer mounting method, and thenpress ENT key.


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(8) Press key /- to enter into M25 window. The transducer installation distance will be displayed onthe window. Based on this distance, install the transducers on the pipe now. After installation iscompleted, press ENT key to go to M01 window to check if the measurement result is good.

The first-time users may need some time to get familiar with the operation. However, the user friendlyinterface of the instrument makes the operation quite easy and simple. You will soon find that it isactually very quick to configure the instrument with very little key pressing, since the interface allowsthe user to go to the desired operation directly without any extra steps.

The following tips will facilitate the operation of this instrument.(1) When the current window is one between M00 to M09, pressing a number key x will enter into theM0x window directly. For example, if the current window display is M01, pressing 7 leads to windowM07.(2) When the current window is one between M00 to M09, pressing ENT key will lead to window M90for displaying diagnostic data. Press ENT key again to return to the previous window. Press the . keyto go to window M11.When the current window is M25, pressing ENT key will lead to window M01.

2.7 Transducer Mounting AllocationThe first step in the installation process is to select an optimal location for installing the transducers inorder to make the measurement reliable and accurate. A basic knowledge about the piping and itsplumbing system would be advisable.An optimal location would be defined as a long straight pipe line full of liquid that is to be measured.The piping can be in vertical or horizontal position. The following table shows examples of optimallocations.Principles to select an optimal location:

1. The straight pipe should be long enough to eliminate irregular-flow-induced error. Typically,the length of the straight pipe should be 15 times of the pipe diameter. The longer the better.The transducers should be installed at a pipe section where the length of the straight pipe atupstream side is at least 10D and at downstream side is at least 5D. Besides, the transducerinstallation site should be at least 30D away from the pump. Here D stands for pipe outerdiameter. Refer to the following table for more details.

2. Make sure that the pipe is completely full of liquid.3. Make sure that the temperature on the location does not exceed the range for the transducers.

Generally speaking, the closer to the room temperature, the better.4. Select a relatively new straight pipe line if it is possible. Old pipe tends to have corrosions and

depositions, which could affect the results. If you have to work on an old pipe, we recommendyou to treat the corrosions and depositions as if they are part of the pipe wall or as part of theliner. For example, you can add an extra value to the pipe wall thickness parameter or the linerthickness parameter to take into account the deposition.

5. Some pipes may have a kind of plastic liner which creates a certain amount of gaps betweenliner and the inner pipe wall. These gaps could prevent ultrasonic waves from direct travelling.Such conditions will make the measurement very difficult. Whenever possible, try to avoid thiskind of pipes. If you have to work on this kind of pipe, try our plug-in transducers that areinstalled permanently on the pipe by drilling holes on the pipe while liquid is running inside.

FIGURE 5: PIPE CONFIGURATION AND TRANSDUCER PLACEMENT


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L up L dn

L up L dn

L up

L up

L up

L dn

L dn

L dn

P i p i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n

a n d

T r a n s d u c e r P o s i t i o n

U p s t r e a m

D i m e n s i o n

D o w n s t r e a m

D i m e n s i o n

L dnx D iam eters

L upx D iam eters

10D 5D

10D

10D

12D

20D

20D 5D

5D

5D

5D

5D

L up L dn

30D 5D

L up L dn

Piping Configurationand

Transducer Position


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2.8 Transducer InstallationThe transducers used by the ultrasonic flow meter are made of piezoelectric crystals both fortransmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals through the wall of liquid piping system. The measurementis realized by measuring the travelling time difference of the ultrasonic signals. Since the difference isvery small, the spacing and the alignment of the transducers are critical factors to the accuracy of themeasurement and the performance of the system. Meticulous care should be taken for the installation ofthe transducers.

Steps to the installation of the transducers:Locate an optimal position where the straight pipe length is sufficient (see the previous section), andwhere pipes are in a favourable condition, e.g., newer pipes with no rust and ease of operation.Clean any dust and rust on the spot where the transducers are to be installed. For a better result,polishing the pipe outer surface with a sander is strongly recommended.Apply adequate ultrasonic couplant (grease, gel or Vaseline)* on to the transducer transmitting surfaceas well as to the installation spot on the pipe surface. Make sure there is no gap between the transducertransmitting surface and the pipe surface.

Extra care should be taken to avoid any sand or dust particles left between the pipe surface and thetransducer surface.

FIGURE 6: TRANSDUCER CLAMP DOWN*Note: It is recommended to use the Conductive Gel product from Livingstone, as the ultrasonic couplant forsafety considerations. Other couplants, such as grease, gel, and Vaseline, can be used as alternatives, but at yourown risk.

2.8.1 Transducer SpacingThe spacing value shown on menu window M25 refers to the distance of inner spacing between the twotransducers (see the following figure). The actual distance of the two transducers should be as close aspossible to this spacing value.

2.8.2 V Method InstallationV-method installation is the most widely usedmethod for daily measurement with pipe innerdiameters ranging from 20 millimetres to 300millimetres. It is also called reflective method.

FIGURE 7: TRANSDUCER V METHOD MOUNTION

Horizontally lined pipes could have gas bubbles inside the upperpart of the pipe. Therefore, it is recommended to install thetransducers horizontally by the side of the pipe.There are three ways to mount the transducers on the pipe: bymagnetic force, by clamp-on fixture and by hand. If the pipematerial is metal, the magnetic force will hold the transducer onthe pipe. Otherwise, you may either simply hold the transducerhandle and press it against the pipe (for S-type only) if you justneed a quick measurement, or, you may use or a metal strip orthe provided clamp fixture to install the transducers (see thefigure on the right.)

Sensors Spacing

TOP VIEW OF PIPE


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2.8.3 Z Method InstallationZ-method is commonly used when the pipediameter is between 100 millimetres and 500millimetres.This method is the most direct for signaltransfer and can therefore provide betterresults than V method on many applications.

FIGURE 8: TRANSDUCER Z METHOD MOUNTING

2.8.4 W Method InstallationW-method is usually used on plastic pipeswith a diameter from 10 millimetres to 100millimetres.This method can be effective on smallerpipes that have internal deposits.

FIGURE 9: TRANSDUCER W METHODMOUNTING

2.9 Installation TestingAfter completion of the transducer installation, the user should check the following items: the receivingsignal strength, the signal quality Q value, the delta time (traveling time difference between theupstream and the downstream signals), the estimated liquid sound speed, the transit time ratio, and etc.As such, one can be sure that the flowmeter is working properly and the results are reliable and accurate.

2.9.1 Signal StrengthSignal strength indicates the amplitude of receiving ultrasonic signals by a 3-digit number. [000] meansthere is no signal detected and [999] refers to the maximum signal strength that can be received.

Although the instrument works well when the signal strength ranges from 500 to 999, stronger signalstrength should be pursued, because a stronger signal means a better result. The following methods arerecommended to obtain strong signals:(1) If the current location is not good enough for a stable and reliable flow reading, or if the signalstrength is lower than 700, relocate to a more favorable location.(2) Try to polish the outer surface of the pipe, and apply more couplant to increase the signal strength.(3) Tenderly adjust the position of the two transducers, both vertically and horizontally, while checkingthe signal strength. Stop at the position where the signal strength reaches to maximum. Then, check thetransducer spacing to make sure it is the same as or very close to what window M25 shows.

2.9.2 Signal QualitySignal quality is indicated as the Q value in the instrument. A higher Q value would mean a higherSignal to Noise Ratio (short for SNR), and accordingly a higher degree of accuracy able to be achieved.Under normal pipe condition, the Q value is in the range of 60-90, the higher the better.

T O P V I E W O F P I P ES e n s o r s S p a c i n g

T O P V I E W O F P I P ES e n s o r s S p a c i n g


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Causes for a lower Q value could be:1. Interference from other instruments and devices nearby, such as a power frequency transverter

which could cause strong interference. Try to relocate the flow meter to a new place where theinterference can be reduced.

2. Bad sonic coupling between the transducers and the pipe. Try to polish the pipe surface again,clean the surface and apply more couplant, etc.

3. The selected pipe section is difficult to conduct the measurement. Relocate to a more favourablepipe line.

2.9.3 Total Transit Time and Delta TimeThe total transit time (or travelling time) and the delta time are displayed on menu window M93. Theyare the primary data for the instrument to calculate the flow rate. Therefore, the measured flow rate willvary as the total transit time and delta time vary.The total transit time should remain stable or vary in a very small range.The delta time normally varies less than 20%. If the variation exceeds 20% in either positive or negativedirection, there could be certain kinds of problems with the transducer installation. The user shouldcheck the installation for sure.

2.9.4 Transit Time RatioThis ratio is usually used to check whether the transducer installation is good and whether the enteredpipe parameters are in consistency with their actual values. If the pipe parameters are correct and thetransducers are installed properly, the transit time ratio should be in the range of 1003. If this range isexceeded, the user should check:

1. If the entered pipe parameters are correct?2. If the actual spacing of the transducers is the same as or close to what shown on window M25?3. If the transducer are installed properly in the right direction?4. If the mounting location is good, if the pipe has changed shape, or if the pipe is too old (i.e., too

much corrosion or deposition inside the pipe)?5. If there is any interference source inside of the pipe?6. If there are other aspects which do not meet the measurement requirements as recommended

before


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3.0 HOWTO CHECK AND SETUP3.1 How to check the instrument works properlyGenerally speaking, when R is displayed in the lower right corner of the LCD display, the instrumentis working properly.

If an H flashes instead, the received signal could be poor. Please refer to the chapter on diagnosis formore information.

If an I is displayed, it means that there is no signal detected.

If a J is displayed, it means that the hardware of this instrument could be out of order. Refer to thechapter on diagnosis.3.2 How to check the liquid flow direction

Check the flow rate display. If the value is POSITIVE, the direction of the flow will be from theRED transducer to the BLUE transducer; if the value is NEGATIVE, the direction will be fromthe BLUE transducer to the RED transducer.

3.3 How to change the unit readingsUse menu window M30 for the selection of units systems, either English or in Metric.

3.4 How to select a flow rateUse menu window M31 to select the flow rate unit as well as the corresponding time unit.

3.5 How to use the totaliser multiplierUse window M33 to select a proper multiplying factor for the totalizer multiplier. Make sure that therate of the totalizer pulse is not too fast, neither too slow. A speed of several pulses per minute ispreferable.

If the totalizer multiplying factor is too small, the output pulse will be very fast and there could be a lossof pulses. The designed minimum pulse period is 500 milliseconds.

If the totalizer multiplying factor is too large, the output pulse will be very slow, which might be aproblem if the master device requires fast response.

3.6 How to set the totaliser functionsThe flow meter has three totalise functions, generally you will only need the Pos totaliser set as mostpipes will have flow in one direction only.Use M34, M35 and M36 to turn on or turn off the POS, NEG, or NET totaliser, respectively.

3.7 How to reset totalisersUse M37 to reset the flow rate totalisers.

3.8 How to restore the factory defaultsGo to window M37. Press . key followed by the backspace key

This operation will erase all the parameters entered by the user and setup the instrument with factorydefault values.


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3.9 How to use the damper to stabilise the flow rateThe damper acts as a filter for a stable reading. If 0 is entered in window M40, that means there is nodamping. A bigger number brings a more stable effect. But bigger damper numbers will prevent theinstrument from acting quickly.

Numbers of 0 to 10 are commonly used for the damper value.

3.10 How use the zero cut off functionThe number displayed in window M41 is called the zero-cut-off value. When the absolute value of themeasured flow rate is less than the zero-cut-off value, the measured flow rate will be replaced with 0.This is to avoid any invalid accumulation when the actual flow is below the zero-cut-off value.

The zero-cut-off operation does not affect the flow measurement when the actual flow is greater than thezero-cut-off value.

3.11 How to set a zero pointWhen the flow in a pipe is absolutely stopped, the flow meter could still give a small non-zero flow ratereading. In order to make the measurement accurate, it is necessary to remove this zero point reading.Window M42 allows us to take care of this issue. At first, the user should make sure that the liquid inthe pipe is totally stopped (no velocity). Then, go to window M42 and press the ENT key to start thezero point setup function.

3.12 How to change the flow rate scale factorA scale factor (SF) is the ratio between the actual flow rate and the flow rate measured by the flowmeter. It can be determined by calibration with a standard flow calibration equipment. To change the SF,press M45, then the ENT key, enter the new SF, and press ENT again.

3.13 How to set and lock the passwordThe password lock provides a means of preventing inadvertent configuration changes or totalizer resets.

When the system is locked, the user can still browse menu windows, but cannot make any modificationson the windows.

The password locking / unlocking is done in window M47. The system can be locked without apassword or with a password consisted of 1 to 4 digits.For no-password locking / unlocking, just press ENT key in window M47.CAUTION!If the password is forgotten, after being locked no further access will be allowed, please write down thepassword and store in a safe location.

3.14 How to use the inbuilt data loggerThe built-in data logger has a space of 24K bytes of memory, which will hold about 2000 lines of data.Use M50 to turn on the logger and to select the items that are going to be logged.Use M51 to set up the starting time, time interval, and the duration each logging lasts.

Use M52 to select the data storage direction. Data can be stored in a logger buffer or directed to the RS-232C interface without being stored into the logger buffer.

Use M53 to view the data in the logger buffer.


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User needs to go to window M52 to clear the logging data remained in the RS-232C interface and in thelogger buffer.

3.15 How to use the Frequency OutputThe flowmeter will produce a pulse output with every unit of liquid flow. This pulse could be used byan external pulse counter to accumulate the flow rate.

Refer to 3.4 and 3.5 for the setup of the totalizer units and multiplier.

The totalizer pulse output can only be connected to OCT devices or BUZZER hardware devices.

For example, assume that the POS totalizer pulse output is needed, and every pulse represents 0.1cubicmeter of liquid flow. Assume also that the pulse output is connected to an internal Buzzer. With every0.1 cubic meter of flow, we need the BUZZER to beep for a while. In order to achieve this, thefollowing steps must be performed:

Select the Cubic Meter (m3) unit in window M32. Select the Multiplier factor as 2. X0.1 in window M33. Select the output option 9. POS INT Pulse in window M77. (INT stands for totalized )

3.16 How to use the totaliser Pulse outputThe flowmeter will produce a pulse output with every unit of liquid flow. This pulse could be used byan external pulse counter to accumulate the flow rate.

Refer to 3.4 and 3.5 for the setup of the totalizer units and multiplier.

The totalizer pulse output can only be connected to OCT devices or BUZZER hardware devices.

For example, assume that the POS totalizer pulse output is needed, and every pulse represents 0.1cubicmeter of liquid flow. Assume also that the pulse output is connected to an internal Buzzer. With every0.1 cubic meter of flow, we need the BUZZER to beep for a while. In order to achieve this, thefollowing steps must be performed:(1) Select the Cubic Meter (m3) unit in window M32.(2) Select the Multiplier factor as 2. X0.1 in window M33.(3) Select the output option 9. POS INT Pulse in window M77. (INT stands for totalized )

3.17 How to produce an alarm signalThere are 2 types of hardware alarm signals that are available with this instrument. One is the Buzzer,and the other is the OCT output.

The triggering sources of the alarming events for both the Buzzer and the OCT output could be:(1) There is no receiving signal(2) The signal received is too weak.(3) The flowmeter is not in normal measurement modes.(4) The flow direction is changed.(5) Overflow occurs at the Frequency Output(6) The flow is out of the specified range.

There are two alarms in this instrument, #1 alarm and #2 alarm. They can be configured in windowsM73, M74, M75 and M76.

For example, assume we need the Buzzer to start beeping when the flow rate is less than 300 m3/h andgreater than 2000m3/h. The following setup steps would be recommended.(1) Enter flow rate lower limit 300 in M73 for #1 alarm,(2) Enter flow rate upper limit 2000 in M74 for #1 alarm,


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(3) Select item 6. Alarm #1 in M77.

3.18 How to use the built in BuzzerThe built-in buzzer is user-configurable. It can be used as an alarm. Use M77 for setups.

3.19 How to use the OCT Pulse outputThe OCT output is on/off type. It is user-configurable. For example, you can set the OCT output to be apulse signal for flow accumulation.Use M77 for the setup.Notice that the Frequency Output shares the same OCT hardware.

The OCT output is wired to pin 6 (for positive) and pin 5 (for ground) of the RS-232 connector. Refer tosection 6.1 for more details.

3.20 How to set the built in CalenderNo modification on the built-in calendar will be needed in most cases. The calendar consumesinsignificant amount of power. Modification will be needed only when the battery is totally exhausted,or when the replacement of the batteries takes a long time so that the original clock data get lost.

Press the ENT key in M61 for Modification. Use the dot key to skip over these digits that need nomodification.

3.21 How to adjust the LCD contrastUse M70 to adjust the LCD contrast. The adjusted results will be stored in the EEPROM so that theMASTER ERASE (factory default restoration) will make no effect on the contrast.

3.22 How to use the RS232 serial interfaceUse M62 for the setup of the RS-232C serial interface.

3.23 How to view the totalisersUse M82 to view the daily totaliser, the monthly totaliser and the yearly totaliser.

3.24 How to use the working timerUse the working timer to check the time that has passed with a certain kind of operation. For example,use it as a timer to show how long a fully-charged battery will last.

In window M72, press ENT key and select YES to reset the working timer.

3.25 How to use the manual totaliserUse M82 to view the daily totaliser, the monthly totaliser and the yearly totaliser.

3.26 How to check the Serial numberEvery set of the flow meters utilizes a unique ESN to identify the meter. The ESN is an 8-digit numberthat provides the information of version and manufacturing date.

The user can also employ the ESN for instrumentation management.

The ESN is displayed in window M61.


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Use M+1 to view the total working time since the instrument was shipped out of the manufacturer.Use M+4 to view the total number of times the instrument has been turned on and off since theinstrument was shipped out of the manufacturer.

3.27 How to check the battery lifeUse M07 to check how long the battery will last. Also please refer to 2.1 for further details.

3.28 How to charge the batteryRefer to section 2.1


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4.0 MENUWINDOWDETAILSMenu windowNo. FunctionM00 Display POS (positive), NEG (negative) and NET (net) totalizer values. Display

signal strength, signal quality and working statusM01 Display POS totalizer, instantaneous flow rate, velocity, signal strength, signal

quality and working statusM02 Display NEG totalizer, instantaneous flow rate, velocity, signal strength, signal

quality and working statusM03 Display NET totalizer, instantaneous flow rate, velocity, signal strength, signal

quality and working statusM04 Display date and time, instantaneous flow rate, signal strength, signal quality and

working statusM05 Display date and time, velocity, signal strength, signal quality and working statusM06 Display the wave shape of the receiving signalM07 Display the battery terminal voltage and its estimated lasting timeM08 Display all of the detailed working status, signal strength, signal qualityM09 Display todays total NET flow, velocity, signal strength, signal quality and working

statusM10 Window for entering the outer perimeter of the pipeM11 Window for entering the outer diameter of the pipe

Valid range: 0 to 6000mm.M12 Window for entering pipe wall thicknessM13 Window for entering the inner diameter of the pipe. If pipe outer diameter and wall

thickness are entered correctly, the inner diameter will be calculated automatically,thus no need to change anything in this window.

M14 Window for selecting pipe materialStandard pipe materials (no need to enter the material sound speed) include:(0) carbon steel (1) stainless steel (2) cast iron (3) ductile iron(4) copper (5) PVC (6) aluminum (7) asbestos(8) fiberglass

M15 Window for entering the sound speed of non-standard pipe materialsM16 Window for selecting the liner material. Select none for pipes without any liner.

Standard liner materials (no need to enter liner sound speed) include:(1) Tar Epoxy (2) Rubber (3) Mortar (4) Polypropylene(5) Polystryol (6)Polystyrene (7) Polyester (8) Polyethylene(9) Ebonite (10) Teflon

M17 Window for entering the sound speed of non-standard liner materialsM18 Window for entering the liner thickness, if there is a linerM19 Window for entering the roughness coefficient of the pipe inner surfaceM20 Window for selecting fluid type

For standard liquids (no need to enter liquid sound speed) include:(0) Water (1) Sea Water (2) Kerosene (3) Gasoline(4) Fuel oil (5) Crude Oil (6) Propane at -45C(7) Butane at 0C (8)Other liquids (9) Diesel Oil (10)Caster Oil(11)Peanut Oil (12) #90 Gasoline (13) #93 Gasoline (14) Alcohol(15) Hot water at 125C

M21 Window for entering the sound speed of non-standard liquidsM22 Window for entering the viscosity of non-standard liquidsM23 Window for selecting transducer type

There are 14 different types of transducers for selection.If the type spool-piece transducers are used, the user needs to configure the 3transducer parameters.Otherwise, the user needs to configure the 4 transducer parameters.

M24 Window for selecting the transducer mounting methods


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Four methods can be selected:(0) V-method (1) Z-method (2) N-method (3) W-method

M25 Display the transducer mounting spacing or distanceM26 Entry to store the pipe parameters into the internal NVRAM (non-volatile memory)M27 Entry to read the previously saved pipe parametersM28 Entry to determine whether or not to keep the last correct value when poor signal

condition occurs. YES is the factory defaultM29 Window to set the threshold below which the receiving signal is defined as poor.

Valid number: from 000 to 999. 0 is the factory defaultM30 Window for selecting unit system. Metric is the factory default. The conversion

from English to Metric or vice versa will not affect the unit for totalisers.M31 Window for selecting flow rate unit system.

Flow rate can be in0. Cubic meter short for (m3)1. Liter (l)2. USA gallon (gal)3. Imperial Gallon (igl)4. Million USA gallon (mgl)5. Cubic feet (cf)6. USA liquid barrel (bal)7. Imperial liquid barrel (ib)8. Oil barrel (ob)The flow unit in terms of time can be per day, per hour, per minute or per second. Sothere are 36 different flow rate units in total for selection.

M32 Window for selecting the totalisers unitM33 Window for setting the totaliser multiplying factor

The multiplying factor ranges from 0.001 to 10000M34 Turn on or turn off the NET totaliserM35 Turn on or turn off the POS totaliserM36 Turn on or turn off the NEG totaliserM37 (1) Totaliser reset

(2) Restore the factory default settings. Press the dot key followed by the backspacekey. Attention, it is recommended to make notes on the parameters before doing therestoration.

M38 Manual totaliser used for calibration. Press any key to start and press the key again tostop the totaliser.

M39 Language selection, Chinese or English.M40 Flow rate damper setup. The damping parameter ranges from 0 to 999 seconds.

0 means there is no damping. Factory default is 10 seconds.M41 Zero flow rate (or low flow rate) cut-off to avoid invalid accumulation.M42 Zero point setup. Make sure the liquid in the pipe is not running while doing this

setup.M43 Clear the zero point value, and restore the factory default zero point.M44 Set up a flow bias. Generally this value should be 0.M45 Flow rate scale factor. The factory default is 1.

Keep this value as 1 when no calibration has been made.M46 Network address identification number (IDN). Any integer can be entered except

13(0DH, carriage return), 10 (0AH, line feeding), 42 (2AH), 38, 65535.Every set of the instrument in a network environment should have a unique IDN.Please refer to the chapter for communications.

M47 System lock to avoid modification of the system parametersM48 Not usedM49 Window for network communication testM50 Window to set up the schedule-based data saving. Select the items to be saved.M51 Window to set up the schedule for the schedule-based data savingM52 Data output direction control.


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If To RS-232 is selected, all the data will be directed to the RS-232 interfaceIf To buffer is selected, the data will be stored into the built-in logger memoryAllow user to clear data buffer

M53 Logger buffer viewer. It functions as a file editor. Use Dot, backspace UP and DNkeys to browse the buffer.If the logger is ON, the viewer will automatically refresh once new data are stored

M54 Not usedM55 Nod usedM56 Not usedM57 Not usedM58 Not usedM59 Not usedM60 99 years calendar. Press ENT for modification. Use the dot key to skip the digits that

need no modification.M61 Display Version information and Electronic Serial Number (ESN) that are unique for

each flow meter.The user can use the ESN for instrumentation management

M62 RS-232 setup. Baud rate can be 75 to 115,200 bpsM63 Not usedM64 Not usedM65 Not usedM66 Not usedM67 Window to set up the frequency range (lower limit and upper limit) for the frequency

output. Valid values: 0Hz-9999Hz. Factory default is 1-1001 HzM68 Window to set up the minimum flow rate which corresponds to the lower frequency

limit of the frequency outputM69 Window to set up the maximum flow rate which corresponds to the upper frequency

limit of the frequency outputM70 LCD display backlight control. The entered value indicates how many seconds the

backlight will be on with every key pressing.M71 LCD contrast control. The LCD will become darker when a small value is entered.M72 Working timer. It can be reset by pressing ENT key, and then select YES.M73 Alarm #1 lower threshold setup. Below this threshold the #1 Alarm will be triggered.

There are two alarming methods. User must select the alarming output items fromwindow M78 or M77

M74 Alarm #1 upper threshold setupM75 Alarm #2 lower threshold setupM76 Alarm #2 upper threshold setupM77 Buzzer setup.

If a proper input source is selected, the buzzer will beep when the trigger eventoccurs

M78 OCT (Open Collector Output) setupBy selecting a proper triggering source, the OCT circuit will close when the triggerevent occurs

M79 Not usedM80 Not Used

M81 Not usedM82 Setup for daily totaliser, monthly totaliser and yearly totaliserM83 Not usedM84 Not usedM85 Not usedM86 Not usedM87 Select transducer power between 1-10 (default 10)M88 Not used


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M89 Not usedM90 Display signal strength, signal quality and transit time ratio (upper right corner).M91 Display the transit time ratio. The ratio value should be in the range of 1003% if the

entered pipe parameters are correct and the transducers are properly installed.Otherwise, the pipe parameters and the transducer installation should be checked.

M92 Display the estimated sound speed of the fluid in the pipe. If this value has anobvious difference with the actual fluid sound speed, the user is recommended tocheck if the pipe parameters are correct and if the transducer installation is good.

M93 Display the total transit time and delta time (transit time difference betweenupstream and downstream travelling)

M94 Display the Reynolds number and the pipe factor used by the flow rate measurementprogram. Note, the pipe factor is rarely used.

M95 Not usedM96 Not usedM97 Command to store the pipe parameters either in the built-in data logger or to the RS-

232C serial interfaceM98 Command to store the diagnostic information either in the built-in data logger or to

the RS-232C serial interfaceM99 Command to copy the current display either to the built-in data logger or to the RS-

232C serial interfaceM+0 View the last 64 records of power on and off events. The recorded information

include the date and time as well as the corresponding flow rate when the power onor off occurs

M+1 Display the total working time of the instrumentM+2 Display the last power-off date and timeM+3 Display the last power-off flow rateM+4 Display the total number of times the flowmeter has been powered on and offM+5 A scientific calculator for the convenience of field applications.

All the values are in single accuracy.All the mathematic operators are selected from a list.

M+6 Not usedM+7 Not usedM+8 Not usedM+9 Not usedM-0 Entry to hardware adjusting windows. Valid for the manufacturer only.

5.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING5.1 Power-on errorsWhen powered on, the ultrasonic flowmeter automatically starts the self-diagnosis process to find ifthere are any hardware and software problems. If a problem is identified, an error message will bedisplayed. The following table shows the possible error messages, the corresponding causes and theirsolutions.


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5.2 Working Status errorsThe ultrasonic flow meter will show an Error Code (a single letter like I, R, etc.) in the lower rightcorner on menu windows M00, M01, M02, M03, M90 and M08. When any abnormal Error Code shows,counter-measures should be taken.

Errorcode

Message displayedon window M08 Causes Solutions

R System Normal No errorI No Signal (1)Unable to receive signals

(2)Transducers installedimproperly(3)Loosen contact or notenough couplant betweentrasducer and pipe outersurface.(4)Pipe liners are too thickor the deposition inside ofthe pipe is too thick.(5)Transducer cables are notproperly connected

(1) Adjust measuring location(2)Polish the pipe surface andclean the spot(3)Make sure the couplant isenough(4)Check the transducer cables

J Hardware Error Hardware problem Contact the manufacturerH PoorSig Detected (1)Poor signal detected

(2)Transducers installedimproperly(3)Too much fouling(corrosion, deposition, etc.)(4)The pipe liner is too thick.(5)Problem with transducercables

(1)Adjust measuring location(2)Polish the pipe surface andclean the spot(3)Make sure the couplant isenough(4)Check the transducer cables

Error message Causes SolutionsROM Testing ErrorData Testing Error

Problem with the software (1)Reboot the system(2)Contact the manufacturer.

Data Storing Error User-entered parameters getlost.

When this message is displayed, pressENT key to restore the defaultconfiguration.

System Clock Slow orFast Error

Problem with the systemclock or the crystaloscillator.

(1)Power on again(2)Contact the manufacturer

Date Time Error Problem with the systemcalendar

Initialize the calendar in menu windowM61

Reboot repetitively Hardware problems Contact the manufacturer


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Q Frequ OutputOver The actual frequency for theFrequency Output is out ofthe range specified by theuser

Check the values entered inwindow M66, M67, M68 andM69, and use a larger value inM69

F System RAM ErrorDate Time ErrorCPU or IRQ ErrorROM Parity Error

(1) Temporary problemswith RAM, RTC

(2) Permanent problems withhardware

(1) Turn on the power again

(2) contact the manufacturer

123

Adjusting Gain Instrument is in the progressof adjusting the gain for thesignal, and the numberindicates the progressivesteps

No need for action

K Empty pipe No liquid inside the pipeIncorrect setup in M29

Relocate the meter to where thepipe is full of liquidEnter 0 in M29

5.3 Other Problems and SolutionsQ: Why the instrument displays 0.0000 flow rate while the liquid in the pipe is actually flowing? Thesignal strength is checked to be good (the working status is R) and the signal quality Q has asatisfactory value.

A: The problem is likely to be caused by the incorrect Zero Point setting. The user may haveconducted the Zero Point setup while the flow was not standstill. To solve this problem, use theReset Zero function in menu window M43 to clear the zero point.

Q: The displayed flow rate is much lower or much higher than the actual flow rate in the pipe undernormal working conditions. Why?A:The entered offset value might be wrong. Enter 0 offset in window M44.Incorrect transducer installation. Re-install the transducers carefully.The Zero Point is wrong. Go to window M42 and redo the Zero Point setup. Make sure that the flowinside the pipe is standstill. No velocity is allowed during this setup process.

Q: Why the battery can not work as long as the time indicated on M07?A:The battery may have come to the end of its service life. Replace it with a new one.New battery is not compatible with the battery estimating software. The software needs to be upgraded.Please contact the manufacturer.The battery has not been fully charged.There is indeed a time difference between the actual working time and the estimated one, especiallywhen the terminal voltage is in the range from 3.70 to 3.90 volts. Therefore, the estimated working timeis for reference only

6.0 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLThe ultrasonic flow meter integrates a standard RS-232C communication interface and a complete set ofcommunication protocol.


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6.1 RS232 Connector Pin-out

6.2 Communication Protocol

The protocol is comprised of a set of basic commands that are strings in ASCII format, ending with acarriage (CR) and line feed (LF). Commonly used commands are listed in the following table.6.2.1 Basic Commands

Command Function Data FormatDQD(CR) 1 Return flow rate per day d.ddddddEdd(CR)LF2DQH(CR) Return flow rate per hour d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFDQM(CR) Return flow rate per minute d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFDQS(CR) Return flow rate per second d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFDV(CR) Return instantaneous flow velocity d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFDI+(CR) Return POS totaliser dddddddEd(CR)LF3DI-(CR) Return NEG totaliser dddddddEd(CR)LFDIN(CR) Return NET totaliser dddddddEd(CR)LFDIE(CR) Return Caloric Totaliser Value dddddddEd(CR)LFDID(CR) Return Identification Number (IDN) ddddd(CR)LFE(CR) Return Instantaneous Caloric Value d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFDL(CR) Return signal strength and signal

qualityUP:dd.d,DN:dd.d, Q=dd(CR)(LF)

DS(CR) Return the percentage of analogueoutput A0.

d.ddddddEdd(CR)LF

DC(CR) Return the present error code 4DA(CR) OCT or RELAY alarm signal TR:s, RL:s(CR)(LF) 5DT(CR) Return the current date and time yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(CR)(LF)M@(CR)**** Send a key value as if a key is pressed M@(CR) )(LF) 6LCD(CR) Return the current display contentsC1(CR) OCT closeC0(CR) OCT openR1(CR) RELAY closeR0(CR) RELAY openFOdddd(CR) Force the FO output to output a Fdddd(CR)(LF)

Pin Definition1 For battery recharge positive input2 RXD3 TXD4 Not used5 GND6 OCT output7 Not used8 For battery recharge negative input9 Ring input for connecting a modem


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frequency of dddd HzAoa(CR) Output current a at the current loop

output terminalA0a(CR)(LF) 7

BA1(CR) Return current value of AI1 (0-20mA) d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFBA2(CR) Return current value of AI2 (0-20mA) d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFBA3(CR) Return current value of AI3 (0-20mA) d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFBA4(CR) Return current value of AI4 (0-20mA) d.ddddddEdd(CR)LFAI1(CR) Return temperature/pressure value of

AI1d.ddddddEdd(CR)LF

AI2(CR) Return temperature/pressure value ofAI2

d.ddddddEdd(CR)LF


d.ddddddEdd(CR)LF


d.ddddddEdd(CR)LF

ESN(CR) Return the electronic serial number(ESN) of the flow meter

dddddddt(CR)(LF) 8

Prefix of an IDN-addressing-basednetworking command. The IDNaddress is a word, ranging 0-65534.

9

N Prefix of an IDN-addressing-basednetworking command. The IDNaddress here is a single byte value,ranging 00-255.

9

P Prefix of any command withchecksum

& Command binder to make a longercommand by combining up to 6commands

RING(CR)(LF) Handshaking Request from aMODEM

ATA(CR)LF

OK(CR) Acknowledgement from a MODEM No actionHandshaking Request from a Flowmeter

AT(CR)LF

GA(CR) A Command for GSM messaging 10 Please contact the manufacturer fordetail

GB(CR) B Command for GSM messaging 10GC(CR) C Command for GSM messagingDUMP 11 Return the print buffer content In ASCII string formatDUMP0 Clear the whole print buffer In ASCII string formatDUMP1(CR) Return the whole print buffer content In ASCII string Format (24KB

long)

Notes:1. (CR) stands for Carriage Return. Its ASCII code is 0DH. (LF) strands for Line Feed. Its

ASCII code is 0AH.2. d stands for a digit number of 0~9. 0 is expressed as +0.000000E+00.3. d stands for a digit number of 0~9. The number before E is integer.


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4. Working status code, 1-6 letters. Refer to Table 5.2 for error code.5. s is ON, OFF or UD. For instance, TR:ON, RL:UD means that the OCT is in

closed state and RELAY is not used.6. @ stands for key value. For instance, value 30H means key 0, command M4 is

equivalent to press key 4.7. a stands for current value, a digit number of 0~20. For instance, A02.34, A00.28. dddddddt stands for 8-digit electronic serial number. t stands for flow meter type.9. If there are more than one flow meters in a network, all the basic commands must be

prefixed with N or W. Otherwise, multiple flow meters may reply to the same request.10. Adding a GSM module to the flow meter allows the user to check flow meter flow rate

and other parameters from a cell phone.11. Used for visiting the printer buffer content.

6.2.2 Protocol Prefix Usage

(1) Prefix P

The prefix P can be added before any command in the above table to have the returning data followedwith two bytes of CRC check sum, which is the adding sum of the original character string.

Take command DI+(CR) (Return POS Totaliser Value) as an example. The binary data for DI+(CR) is44H, 49H, 2BH and 0DH. Assume the return value of this command is +1234567E+0m3(CR)(LF) ( thestring in hexadecimal is 2BH, 31H, 32H, 33H, 34H, 35H, 36H, 37H, 45H, 2BH, 30H, 6DH, 33H, 20H,0DH, 0AH).Then, the P-prefixed command, PDI+(CR), would return +1234567E+0m3!F7(CR)(LF). The ! acts asthe starter of the check sum (F7) which is obtained by adding up the string, 2BH+ 31H+ 32H+ 33H+34H+ 35H+ 36H+ 37H+ 45H+ 2BH+ 30H+ 6DH+ 33H+ 20H = (2) F7H.

Please note that it is allowed to not have data entry or to have SPACES (20H) character before the !character.(2) Prefix W

The prefix W is used for networking commands. The format of a networking command is:W + IDN address string + basic command.

The IDN address should have a value between 0 and 65534, except 13(0DH), 10 (0AH), 42(2AH,*),38(26H, &).For example, if you want to visit the instantaneous flow velocity of device IDN=12345, the followingcommand should be sent to this device: W12345DV(CR). The corresponding binary code is 57H, 31H,32H, 33H, 34H, 35H, 44H, 56H, 0DH.

(3) Prefix NThe prefix N is a single byte IDN network address, not recommended in a new design.

(4) Command binder &The & command binder or connector can connect up to 6 basic commands to form a longer command sothat it will make the programming much easier.

For example, assume we want device IDN=4321 to return the flow rate, velocity and POS totaliservalue simultaneously. The combined command would be W4321DQD&DV&DI+(CR), and the resultwould be:


Page 31 of 62

+1.234567E+12m3/d(CR)+3.1235926E+00m/s(CR)

+1234567E+0m3(CR)6.3 The M command and the ASCII Codes

The protocol provides the capability of virtual key-pressing. A remote RS-232C terminal can send anM command along with a key code to simulate the scenario that the key is pressed through the keypadof the flow meter. This functionality allows the user to operate the flow meter in the office far awayfrom the testing site.

For example, the command M1 is sent to the flow meter through the RS-232C link, the flow meterwill treat the command as if the user has pressed the 1 key through the keypad.

The ASCII codes and corresponding key values of the keypad keys are listed in the following table.

Key HexadecimalKey codeDecimalKey code

ASCIICode Key

HexadecimalKey code

DecimalKey code

ASCIICode

0 30H 48 0 8 38H 56 81 31H 49 1 9 39H 57 92 32H 50 2 . 3AH 58 :3 33H 51 3 3BH,0BH 59 ;4 34H 52 4 MENU 3CH,0CH 60 7 37H 55 7 /- 3FH 63 ?

7.0 WARRANTYAND SERVICE7.1 WarrantyThe products manufactured by Dalian Dayu Instruments Co.,Ltd are warranted to be free from defectsin materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the originalpurchaser. Dayu Instrumentsobligation should be limited to restoring the meter to normal operation orreplacing the meter, at Dayu Instrumentschoice, and shall be conditioned upon receiving written noticeof any alleged defect within 10 days after its discovery. It will determine if the return of the meter isnecessary. If it is , the user should be responsible for the one-way shipping fee from the customer to themanufacturer.Dayu Instruments is not liable to any defects or damage attributable to miss usage,improperinstallation,out-of-spec operating conditions, replacement of unauthorized parts and acts ofnature.Besides, fuses and batteries are not part of this warranty.

7.2 Service

For operational problems, please contact the technical support department by telephone, fax, email orinternet. In most cases, problems could be solved immediately.

For any hardware failure of the instrument, we recommend our customers to send back the instrumentfor service. Please contact the technical support department with the model number and serial number of


Page 32 of 62

the unit before sending the unit back to us. Both numbers can be found on the product label. For eachservice or calibration request, we will issue a Return Materials Authorisation (RMA) number.

Take notice that the cost for repairing can only be determined after receipt and inspection of theinstrument. A quotation will be sent to the customer before proceeding with the service.

Important Notice for Product ReturnBefore returning the instrument for warranty repair or service, please read the following carefully:1. If the return item has been exposed to nuclear or other radioactive environment, or has been incontact with hazardous material which could pose any danger to our personnel, the unit cannot beserviced.

2. If the return item has been exposed to or in contact with dangerous materials, but has been certified ashazard-free device by a recognized organization, you are required to supply the certification for theservice.3. If the return item does not have a RMA# associated, it will be sent back without any serviceconducted.


Page 33 of 62

8.0 APPENDIX8.1 Battery Maintenance and ReplacementThe battery is Ni-H rechargeable battery. Therefore, it is recommended to discharge the battery byleaving the instrument ON (it will automatically turn OFF after a few minutes) every 3 months.Recharge the battery again to its full extend with the supplied AC adapter. Generally, when the greenLED is on, the battery is nearly 95% charged, and when the red LED is off, the battery is nearly 98%charged.

When the battery is unable to power the instrument for 2 to 3 hours after it is fully recharged, thisusually indicates that the battery is near its product life and needs to be replaced. Please consult themanufacturer for replacing the battery pack.

8.2 Pipe Size Tables8.2.1 Standard Pipe size charts for CopperClassification: Copper tube is classified into four different specification types based on wall thicknessfor a specific outside diameter. The tables provided below are for reference sizing based on application:

EN 1057 - TYPE Y (PREVIOUSLY BS 2871 TABLE Y)Size Nom. Dia.(Outside)

Nom. WallThickness

Max. Working Pressures*

Half Hard Hard Annealed

mm mm mm bar+ bar+ bar+

68

101215182228354254

66.776.1108

68

101215182228354254

66.776.1108

0.80.80.80.81.01.01.21.21.51.52.02.02.02.5

1881361068787726955544547373329

223161126104104858465655456453934

144105826767555342413436282522

*Based on designated temper at 65C +1 bar = 0.1N/mm = 105 N/m

Usage: Underground works and heavy duty requirements including hot and cold watersupply, gas reticulation, sanitary plumbing, heating and general engineering.

ADDEDTOUGHNESS &DURABILITY

EN 1057 - TYPE X (PREVIOUSLY BS 2871 TABLE X)Size Nom. Dia.(Outside)

Nom. WallThickness

Max. Working Pressures*

Half Hard Hard Annealed

mm mm mm bar+ bar+ bar+

68101215182228354254

66.776.1108133159

68

101215182228354254

66.776.1108133159

0.60.60.60.60.70.80.90.91.21.21.21.21.51.51.52.0

133977763585651404235272024171415

1611189376716762485143332729201718

102755948454339313327211718131012

*Based on designated temper at 65C +1 bar = 0.1N/mm = 105 N/m

Usage: Above ground services including drinking water supply, hot and cold water systems,sanitation, central heating and other general purpose applications.

ECONOMICALAND

STRONG


Page 34 of 62

EN 1057 - TYPE Z (PREVIOUSLY BS 2871 TABLE X)Size Nom. Dia.(Outside)

Nom. WallThickness Max. Working Pressures*

mm mm mm bar+

68101215182228354254

66.776.1108133159

68

101215182228354254

66.776.3108133

159.5

0.50.50.50.50.50.60.60.60.70.80.91.01.21.21.51.5

113987864505041323028252019171615

*Based on material in hard drawn condition at 65C +1 bar = 0.1N/mm = 105 N/m

Usage: Above ground services including drinking water supply, hot and cold water systems,sanitation, central heating and other general purpose applications.

LOW COSTUTILITYRANGE

8.2.2 Standard Pipe size charts for PVC

PIPE(mm) O/D

PN 6Wall

ThicknessMin (mm)Max (mm)

I/D(mm)

PN 9Wall


I/D(mm)

PN 12Wall


I/D(mm)

PN 18Wall


I/D(mm)

Convertto

inches

15 21.20 21.50 - - - - - - - - - 1.40 1.70 18.25 -

20 26.60 26.90 - - - - - - 1.40 1.70 23.65 1.70 2.10 22.95 -

25 33.40 33.70 - - - 1.40 1.70 30.45 1.70 2.10 29.75 2.50 3.00 28.05 -

32 42.10 42.40 - - - 1.70 2.10 38.45 2.20 2.60 37.45 3.20 3.70 35.35 -

40 48.10 48.40 1.40 1.70 45.15 1.90 2.30 44.05 2.50 3.00 42.75 3.60 4.20 40.45 -

50 60.20 60.50 1.60 2.00 56.75 2.40 2.80 55.15 3.10 3.60 53.65 4.60- 5.30 50.45 -

65 75.20 75.50 - - - - - - 3.90 4.50 66.95 - - - -

80 88.70 89.10 2.40 2.80 83.70 3.50 4.10 81.30 4.60 5.30 79.00 - - - -

100 114.10 114.50 3.00 3.50 107.80 4.50 5.20 104.60 5.90 6.70 101.70 - - - 4"

125 140.00 140.40 - - - 5.50 6.30 128.40 7.20 8.10 124.90 - - - 5"

150 160.00 160.50 4.20 4.20 151.25 6.30 7.10 146.85 8.30 9.30 142.65 12.00 13.60 134.65 6"

175 200.00 200.50 - - - 7.10 8.00 185.15 - - - - - - -

177 177.10 177.60 - - - - - - 9.20 10.30 157.85 - - - 7 1/4"

200 225.00 225.60 5.40 6.10 213.80 7.90 8.90 208.50 10.50 11.70 203.10 - - - 8"

225 250.00 250.70 - - - - - - 11.60 13.00 225.75 - - - 9"

250 280.00 288.80 - - - - - - 13.00 14.50 252.90 - - - 10"

300 315.00 315.90 - - - - - - 14.70 16.30 284.45 - - - 12"


Page 35 of 62

8.2.3 Standard Pipe size charts for Steel pipe

Table A1: Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

NominalPipe Size

(in)

OuterDiameter

(in)

WallThickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19

Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless SteelWall

ThicknessScheduleNumber

ScheduleNumber

1/8 0.405

0.049 - - 10S

0.068 STD 40 40S

0.095 XS 80 80S

1/4 0.540

0.065 - - 10S

0.088 STD 40 40S

0.119 XS 80 80S

3/8 0.675

0.065 - - 10S

0.091 STD 40 40S

0.126 XS 80 80S

1/2 0.840

0.065 - - 5S

0.083 - - 10S

0.109 STD 40 40S

0.147 XS 80 80S

0.187 - 160 -

0.294 XXS - -


Page 36 of 62


Page 37 of 62

Table A1: (Continued) Standard ANSI Pipe Size Data for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Pipe

NominalPipe Size

(in)Outer

Diameter(in)

WallThickness

(in)

ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.10 ANSI B 36.19Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

WallThickness

ScheduleNumber

ScheduleNumber

3/4 1.050

0.065 - - 5S0.083 - - 10S0.113 STD 40 40S0.154 XS 80 80S0.218 - 160 -0.308 XXS - -

1 1.315

0.065 - - 5S0.109 - - 10S0.133 STD 40 40S0.179 XS 80 80S0.250 - 160 -0.358 XXS - -

11/4 1.660

0.065 - - 5S0.109 - - 10S0.140 STD 40 40S0.191 XS 80 80S0.250 - 160 -0.382 XXS - -

11/2 1.900

0.065 - - 5S0.109 - - 10S0.145 STD 40 40S0.200 XS 80 80S0.281 - 160 -0.400 XXS - -

2 2.375

0.065 5S0.109 10S0.154 STD 40 40S0.218 XS 80 80S0.344 160 0.436 XXS


Page 38 of 62


NominalPipe Size

(in)

OuterDiameter

(in)

WallThickness

(in)


WallThickness

ScheduleNumber

ScheduleNumber

2 12 2.875

0.083 5S0.120 10S0.203 STD 40 40S0.276 XS 80 80S0.375 160 0.552 XXS

3 3.500

0.083 5S0.120 10S0.216 STD 40 40S0.300 XS 80 80S0.438 160 0.600 XXS

3 12 4.000

0.083 - 5S0.120 - 10S0.226 STD 40 40S0.318 XS 80 80S0.636 XXS

4 4.500

0.083 - 5S0.120 - 10S0.237 STD 40 40S0.337 XS 80 80S0.438 - 120 0.531 - 160 0.674 XXS

5 5.536

0.109 - 5S0.134 - 10S0.258 STD 40 40S0.375 XS 80 80S0.500 - 120 0.625 - 160 0.750 XXS


Page 39 of 62


NominalPipe Size

(in)Outer

Diameter(in)

WallThickness

(in)


WallThickness

ScheduleNumber

ScheduleNumber

6 6.625

0.109 - - 5S0.134 - - 10S0.280 STD 40 40S0.432 XS 80 80S0.562 - 120 -0.719 - 160 -0.864 XXS - -

8 8.625

0.109 - - 5S0.148 - - 10S0.250 - 20 -0.277 - 30 -0.322 STD 40 40S0.406 - 60 -0.500 XS 80 80S0.594 - 100 -0.719 - 120 -0.812 - 140 -0.875 XXS - -0.906 - 160 -

10 10.750

0.134 - - 5S0.165 - - 10S0.250 - 20 -0.307 - 30 -0.365 STD 40 40S0.500 XS 60 80S0.594 - 80 -0.719 - 100 -0.844 - 120 -1.000 XXS 140 -


Page 40 of 62


NominalPipe Size

(in)Outer

Diameter(in)

WallThickness

(in)


WallThickness

ScheduleNumber

ScheduleNumber

12 12.750

0.156 - - 5S0.180 - - 10S0.250 - 20 -0.330 - 30 -0.375 STD - 40S0.406 - 40 -0.500 XS - 80S0.562 - 60 -0.688 - 80 -0.844 - 100 -1.000 XXS 120 -1.125 - 140 -1.312 - 160 -

14 14.000

0.156 - - 5S0.188 - - 10S0.250 - 10 -0.312 - 20 -0.375 STD 30 -0.438 - 40 -0.500 XS - -0.594 - 60 -0.625 XXS - -0.750 - 80 -0.938 - 100 -1.094 - 120 -1.250 - 140 -1.406 - 160 -


Page 41 of 62


NominalPipe Size

(in)

OuterDiameter

(in)

WallThickness

(in)


WallThickness

ScheduleNumber

ScheduleNumber

16 16.000

0.165 - - 5S0.188 - - 10S0.250 - 10 -0.312 - 20 -0.375 STD 30 -0.500 XS 40 -0.656 - 60 -0.844 - 80 -1.031 - 100 -1.219 - 120 -1.439 - 140 -1.549- - 160 -

18 18.000

0.165 - - 5S0.188 - - 10S0.250 - 10 -0.312 - 20 -0.375 STD - -0.438 - 30 -0.500 XS - -0.562 - 40 -0.750 - 60 -0.938 - 80 -1.156 - 100 -1.375 - 120 -1.562 - 140 -1.781 - 160 -


Page 42 of 62


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