Te Lab Manual1

8/12/2019 Te Lab Manual1

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1. AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE TESTAIM

(i) to determine crushing !"ue o# gien ro!d !ggreg!tes$

(ii) to !ssess suit!%i"it& o# !ggreg!tes #or use in di##erent t&'es o# ro!d '!ements.

APPARATUS

The !''!r!tus !s 'er IS *+,-1,* ('!rt IV) consists o# the #o""o/ing

(i) The test mou"d-! 10. cm di!meter o'en ended stee" c&"inder /ith su!re %!se

'"!te$ '"unger h!ing ! 'iston o# di!meter 10cm2 /ith ! ho"e 'roided !cross the

stem o# the '"unger so th!t ! rod cou"d %e inserted #or "i#ting or '"!cing the

'"unger in the c&"inder.

(ii) A str!ight met!" t!m'ing rod o# circu"!r cross-section 1,mm in di!meter !nd

!nd 30 to ,4 cm "ong2 rounded !t one end.

(iii) A %!"!nce o# c!'!cit& 0 5g2 re!d!%"e !nd !ccur!te u' to 1 gm.

(i) IS siees o# si6es 0mm2 4mm !nd 3.70mm.

() A com'ression testing m!chine c!'!%"e o# !''"&ing "o!d u' to 34 tonnes !t !

uni#orm r!te o# 3 tonnes 'er minute. (vi) A c&"indric!" me!sure h!ing intern!" di!meter 11.0cm !nd height 1+cm.

THEORY

The 'Aggregate crushing value' gies ! re"!tie me!sure o# the resist!nce o#

!n !ggreg!te to crushing under ! gr!du!""& !''"ied com'ressie "o!d. It is the 'ercent!ge%& /eight o# the crushed (or #iner) m!teri!" o%t!ined /hen the test !ggreg!tes !re

su%8ected to ! s'eci#ied "o!d under st!nd!rdi6ed conditions2 !nd is ! numeric!" inde9 o#

the strength o# the !ggreg!te used in ro!d construction. Aggreg!tes /ith "o/er crushing!"ue indic!te ! "o/er crushed #r!ction under "o!d !nd /ou"d gie ! "onger serice "i#e to

the ro!d !nd hence ! more economic!" 'er#orm!nce. :e!5er !ggreg!tes i# used /ou"d get

crushed under tr!##ic "o!ds2 /ou"d 'roduce sm!""er 'ieces not co!ted /ith %inder !nd

these /ou"d %e e!si"& dis'"!ced or "oosened out resu"ting in "oss o# the sur#!ce;"!&er. Inshort2 the !ggreg!tes used in ro!d construction must %e strong enough to /ithst!nd

crushing under tr!##ic.PROCEDURE

The Aggregate Sample: The m!teri!" #or the st!nd!rd test consists o# !ggreg!tes

si6ed 0.4 mm to 4. mm. The !ggreg!tes m!& %e dried %& he!ting !t 144


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sur#!ce o# the !ggreg!tes.

(9) ="!ce this !ssem%"& on the 'edest!" o# the com'ression testing m!chine.

(9i) A''"& the "o!d !t ! uni#orm r!te o# 3 tonnes 'er minute unti" the tot!" !''"ied "o!d is

34 tonnes.

(9ii) Re"e!se the "o!d.

(9iii) T!5e the !ggreg!te out o# the c&"inder !nd siee them through 3.70 mm IS siee.:eigh the #r!ction '!ssing through it to !n !ccur!c& o# 4.1 gm. This #r!ction is !

me!sure o# "oss o# m!teri!" due to crushing.

Com'ute the !ggreg!te crushing !"ue. The me!n o# t/o o%ser!tions2

rounded to ne!rest /ho"e num%er is re'orted !s the Aggreg!te Crushing V!"ue.

OBSERVATIONS:

S!m'"e 1 S!m'"e

Tot!" /eight o# dr& s!m'"e ( :1gm)

:eight o# 'ortion '!ssing 3.70 mm siee (:gm)

Aggreg!te Crushing V!"ue ('ercent) > : ; :1?144

@e!n =

RESULT

Aggreg!te Crushing V!"ue >

RECOMMENDED VALUES

The suit!%i"it& o# !ggreg!te is !d8udged2 de'ending on its 'ro'osed use in

the '!ement "!&ers. S'eci#ied "imits o# 'ercent !ggreg!te crushing !"ue #or di##erent

t&'es o# ro!d construction is gien %e"o/.

S" No T&'e o# ro!d construction

Aggreg!te crushing

!"ue not more

th!n

1. "e9i%"e =!ements

!) So"ing 04

%) :!ter %ound m!c!d!m 34

c) Bituminous m!c!d!m 34

d) Bituminous sur#!ce dressing or thin 'remi9 c!r'et *4

e) ense mi9 c!r'et *4

. Rigid =!ements

!) Dther th!n /e!ring course 30

%) Sur#!ce or /e!ring course *4

INFERENCE:


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. DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE

AIM:

(i) to determine the im'!ct !"ue o# the ro!d !ggreg!tes$

(ii) to !ssess their suit!%i"it& in ro!d construction on the %!sis o# im'!ct !"ue.APPARATUS:

The !''!r!tus !s 'er IS *+, (=!rt IV) - 1,* consists o#

(i) A testing m!chine /eighing 30 to ,4 5g !nd h!ing ! met!" %!se /ith ! '!inted

"o/er sur#!ce o# not "ess th!n *4 cm in di!meter. It is su''orted on "ee" !nd

'"!ne concrete #"oor o# minimum 30 cm thic5ness. The m!chine shou"d !"so h!e

'roisions #or #i9ing its %!se.

(ii) A c&"indric!" stee" cu' o# intern!" di!meter 14 mm2 de'th 04 mm !nd minimum

thic5ness ,.* mm. .

(iii) A met!" h!mmer or tu' /eighing 1*.0 to 13.4 5g the "o/er end %eing c&"indric!"

in sh!'e2 04 mm "ong2 144.4 mm in di!meter2 /ith ! mm ch!m#er !t the "o/er

edge !nd c!se h!rdened. The h!mmer shou"d s"ide #ree"& %et/een ertic!" guides!nd %e concentric /ith the cu'. ree #!"" o# h!mmer shou"d %e /ithin *+40 mm.

(i) A c&"indric!" met!" me!sure h!ing intern!" di!meter 70 mm !nd de'th 04 mm

#or me!suring !ggreg!tes.

() T!m'ing rod 14 mm in di!meter !nd *4 mm "ong2 rounded !t one end.

(i)A %!"!nce o# c!'!cit& not "ess th!n 044g2 re!d!%"e !nd !ccur!te u'to 4.1 g.

THEORY:

The 'ro'ert& o# ! m!teri!" to resist im'!ct is 5no/n !s toughness. ue to

moement o# ehic"es on the ro!d the !ggreg!tes !re su%8ected to im'!ct resu"ting in

their %re!5ing do/n into sm!""er 'ieces. The !ggreg!tes shou"d there#ore h!e

su##icient toughness to resist their disintegr!tion due to im'!ct. This ch!r!cteristic is

me!sured %& im'!ct !"ue test. The !ggreg!te im'!ct !"ue is ! me!sure o# resist!nce

to sudden im'!ct or shoc52 /hich m!& di##er #rom its resist!nce to gr!du!""& !''"ied

com'ressie "o!d.

PROCEDURE:

The test s!m'"e consists o# !ggreg!tes si6ed 14.4 mm 1.0 mm. Aggreg!tes

m!& %e dried %& he!ting !t 144-114< C #or ! 'eriod o# 3 hours !nd coo"ed.

(i) Siee the m!teri!" through 1.0 mm !nd 14.4mm IS siees. The !ggreg!tes

'!ssing through 1.0mm siee !nd ret!ined on 14.4mm siee com'rises the test

m!teri!".

(ii) =our the !ggreg!tes to #i"" !%out 8ust 1;* rd de'th o# me!suring c&"inder.

(iii) Com'!ct the m!teri!" %& giing 0 gent"e %"o/s /ith the rounded end o# the t!m'ing rod.

(i) Add t/o more "!&ers in simi"!r m!nner2 so th!t c&"inder is #u"".

() Stri5e o## the sur'"us !ggreg!tes.

(i) etermine the net /eight o# the !ggreg!tes to the ne!rest gr!m(:).

(ii) Bring the im'!ct m!chine to rest /ithout /edging or '!c5ing u' on the "ee"

'"!te2 %"oc5 or #"oor2 so th!t it is rigid !nd the h!mmer guide co"umns !re ertic!".

(iii) i9 the cu' #irm"& in 'osition on the %!se o# m!chine !nd '"!ce /ho"e o# the test

s!m'"e in it !nd com'!ct %& giing 0 gent"e stro5es /ith t!m'ing rod.

(i9) R!ise the h!mmer unti" its "o/er #!ce is *+4 mm !%oe the sur#!ce o# !ggreg!te


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s!m'"e in the cu' !nd !""o/ it to #!"" #ree"& on the !ggreg!te s!m'"e. Gie 10 such

%"o/s !t !n inter!" o# not "ess th!n one second %et/een successie #!""s.

(9) Remoe the crushed !ggreg!te #rom the cu' !nd siee it through .*, mm IS

siees unti" no #urther signi#ic!nt !mount '!sses in one minute. :eigh the

#r!ction '!ssing the siee to !n !ccur!c& o# 1 gm. A"so2 /eigh the #r!ction

ret!ined in the siee. Com'ute the !ggreg!te im'!ct !"ue. The me!n o# t/o o%ser!tions2

rounded to ne!rest /ho"e num%er is re'orted !s the Aggreg!te Im'!ct V!"ue.OBSERVATIONS

S!m'"e 1 S!m'"e

Tot!" /eight o# dr& s!m'"e ( :1gm)

:eight o# 'ortion '!ssing .*, mm siee (:gm)

Aggreg!te Im'!ct V!"ue ('ercent) > :; :1? 144

@e!n =

RESULT:

Aggreg!te Im'!ct V!"ue >RECOMMENDED VALUES

C"!ssi#ic!tion o# !ggreg!tes using Aggreg!te Im'!ct V!"ue is !s gien %e"o/

Aggreg!te Im'!ct V!"ue C"!ssi#ic!tion

F4 E9ce'tion!""& Strong

14 4 Strong

4-*4 S!tis#!ctor& #or ro!d sur#!cing

*0 :e!5 #or ro!d sur#!cing

S'eci#ied "imits o# 'ercent !ggreg!te im'!ct !"ue #or di##erent t&'es o#

ro!d construction %& Indi!n Ro!ds Congress is gien %e"o/.

S" No T&'e o# '!ementAggreg!te im'!ct

!"ue not more th!n

1. :e!ring Course

*4

!) Bituminous sur#!ce dressing

%) =enetr!tion m!c!d!m

c) Bituminous c!r'et concrete

d) Cement concrete

. Bitumen %ound m!c!d!m %!se course *0

*. :B@ %!se course /ith %itumen sur#!cing 34

3 Cement concrete %!se course 30

INFERENCE:


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*. S=ECIIC GRAVITJ AN :ATER ABSDR=TIDN TEST

AIM:

i) To me!sure the strength or u!"it& o# the m!teri!"ii) To determine the /!ter !%sor'tion o# !ggreg!tes

APPARATUS:

The !''!r!tus consists o# the #o""o/ing

(!) A %!"!nce o# c!'!cit& !%out *5g2 to /eigh !ccur!te 4.0g2 !nd o# such !

t&'e !nd sh!'e !s to 'ermit /eighing o# the s!m'"e cont!iner /hen sus'ended

in /!ter.

(%) A thermost!tic!""& contro""ed oen to m!int!in tem'er!ture !t 144-114< C.

(c) A /ire %!s5et o# not more th!n ,.* mm mesh or ! 'er#or!ted cont!iner

o# conenient si6e /ith thin /ire h!ngers #or sus'ending it #rom the %!"!nce.

(d) A cont!iner #or #i""ing /!ter !nd sus'ending the %!s5et

(e) An !ir tight cont!iner o# c!'!cit& simi"!r to th!t o# the %!s5et(#) A sh!""o/ tr!& !nd t/o !%sor%ent c"othes2 e!ch not "ess th!n 70930cm.

THEORY:

The s'eci#ic gr!it& o# !n !ggreg!te is considered to %e ! me!sure o# strength

or u!"it& o# the m!teri!". Stones h!ing "o/ s'eci#ic gr!it& !re gener!""& /e!5er

th!n those /ith higher s'eci#ic gr!it& !"ues.PROCEDURE:

(i) A%out 5g o# !ggreg!te s!m'"e is /!shed thorough"& to remoe #ines2 dr!ined

!nd '"!ced in /ire %!s5et !nd immersed in disti""ed /!ter !t ! tem'er!ture

%et/een - *K C !nd ! coer o# !t "e!st 0cm o# /!ter !%oe the to' o# %!s5et.

(ii) Immedi!te"& !#ter immersion the entr!''ed !ir is remoed #rom the s!m'"e %&

"i#ting the %!s5et cont!ining it 0 mm !%oe the %!se o# the t!n5 !nd !""o/ing itto dro' !t the r!te o# !%out one dro' 'er second. The %!s5et !nd !ggreg!te

shou"d rem!in com'"ete"& immersed in /!ter #or ! 'eriod o# 3 hour !#ter/!rds.

(iii) The %!s5et !nd the s!m'"e !re /eighed /hi"e sus'ended in /!ter !t !

tem'er!ture o# < - *


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(1) S'eci#ic gr!it& > dr& /eight o# the !ggreg!te

:eight o# eu!" o"ume o# /!ter

() A''!rent s'eci#ic gr!it& > dr& /eight o# the !ggreg!te

:eight o# eu!" o"ume o# /!ter

e9c"uding !ir oids in !ggreg!te

OBSERVATIONS

:eight o# s!tur!ted !ggreg!te sus'ended in /!ter /ith %!s5et > :1g

:eight o# %!s5et sus'ended in /!ter > :g

:eight o# s!tur!ted !ggreg!te in /!ter > :1 : g

:eight o# s!tur!ted sur#!ce dr& !ggreg!te in !ir > :*g

:eight o# /!ter eu!" to the o"ume o# the !ggreg!te > :*(:1:)g:eight o# oen dr& !ggreg!te > :3g

(1) S'eci#ic gr!it& > :* ; (:* (:1 :))

() A''!rent s'eci#ic gr!it& > :3; (:3 (:1 :))

(*) :!ter A%sor'tion > ((:* :3) ; :3) ? 144

RESULT:

(1) S'eci#ic gr!it& >

() A''!rent s'eci#ic gr!it& >

(*) :!ter A%sor'tion >

RECOMMENDED VALUE:

The si6e o# the !ggreg!te !nd /hether it h!s %een !rti#ici!""& he!ted

shou"d %e indic!ted. ISI s'eci#ies three methods o# testing #or the

determin!tion o# the s'eci#ic gr!it& o# !ggreg!tes2 !ccording to the si6e o# the

!ggreg!tes. The three si6e r!nges used !re !ggreg!tes "!rger th!n 14 mm2 34

mm !nd sm!""er th!n 14 mm. The s'eci#ic gr!it& o# !ggreg!tes norm!""& used

in ro!d construction r!nges #rom !%out .0 to *.4 /ith !n !er!ge o# !%out

.,+. Though high s'eci#ic gr!it& is considered !s !n indic!tion o# high

strength2 it is not 'ossi%"e to 8udge the suit!%i"it& o# ! s!m'"e ro!d !ggreg!te

/ithout #inding the mech!nic!" 'ro'erties such !s !ggreg!te crushing2 im'!ct!nd !%r!sion !"ues. :!ter !%sor'tion sh!"" not %e more th!n 4., 'er unit %&

/eight.

INFERENCE:


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3. ETER@INATIDN D LDS ANGELES ABRASIDN VALUE

AIM:

(i) to determine the Los Ange"es !%r!sion !"ue.

(ii) to #ind the suit!%i"it& o# !ggreg!tes #or use in ro!d construction.

APPARATUS:

The !''!r!tus !s 'er IS *+, (=!rt IV) - 1,* consists o#

(i) Los Ange"es @!chineIt consists o# ! ho""o/ stee" c&"inder2 c"osed !t %oth the

ends /ith !n intern!" di!meter o# 744 mm !nd "ength 044 mm !nd c!'!%"e o#

rot!ting !%out its hori6ont!" !9is. A remo!%"e stee" sh!#t 'ro8ecting r!di!""& ++

mm into c&"inder !nd e9tending #u"" "ength (i.e.044 mm) is mounted #irm"& on

the interior o# c&"inder. The she"# is '"!ced !t ! dist!nce 104 mm minimum

#rom the o'ening in the direction o# rot!tion.

(ii) A%r!sie ch!rge C!st iron or stee" %!""s2 !''ro9im!te"& 3+mm in di!meter !nd

e!ch /eighing %et/een *4 to 330g$ si9 to t/e"e %!""s !re reuired. (iii) Siee 1.742 .*,23.702,.*21421.024202342042,*2+4 mm IS Siees.

(i) B!"!nce o# c!'!cit& 05g or 145g

() r&ing oen

(i)@isce""!neous "i5e tr!&

THEORY:

The !ggreg!te used in sur#!ce course o# the high/!& '!ements !re su%8ected

to /e!ring due to moement o# tr!##ic. :hen ehic"es moe on the ro!d2 the soi"

'!rtic"es 'resent %et/een the 'neum!tic t&res !nd ro!d sur#!ce c!use !%r!sion o#

ro!d !ggreg!tes. The stee" re!med /hee"s o# !nim!" drien ehic"es !"so c!use

consider!%"e !%r!sion o# the ro!d sur#!ce. There#ore2 the ro!d !ggreg!tes shou"d %e

h!rd enough to resist !%r!sion. Resist!nce to !%r!sion o# !ggreg!te is determined in"!%or!tor& %& Los Ange"es test m!chine. The 'rinci'"e o# Los Ange"es !%r!sion test

is to 'roduce !%r!sie !ction %& use o# st!nd!rd stee" %!""s /hich /hen mi9ed /ith

!ggreg!tes !nd rot!ted in ! drum #or s'eci#ic num%er o# reo"utions !"so c!uses

im'!ct on !ggreg!tes. The 'ercent!ge /e!r o# the !ggreg!tes due to ru%%ing /ith

stee" %!""s is determined !nd is 5no/n !s Los Ange"es A%r!sion V!"ue.

PROCEDURE:

The test s!m'"e consists o# c"e!n !ggreg!tes dried in oen !t 140< - 114


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m!teri!" is disch!rged to ! tr!&.

(ii) The entire stone dust is sieed on 1.74 mm IS siee.

(iii) The m!teri!" co!rser th!n 1.7mm si6e is /eighed correct to one gr!m.

Siee

si6e

(su!re

ho"e)

:eight o# test s!m'"e in gm

=!ssing

(mm)

Ret!ined

on (mm) A B C E G

+4 ,* 044M

,* 04 044M

04 34 0444M 0444M34 0 104 0444M 0444M

0 4 104 0444M

4 1.0 104 044

1.0 14 104 044

14 ,.* 044

,.* 3.70 044

3.70 .*, 0444

T!%"e 1 Gr!ding o# Test S!m'"es

MTo"er!nce o# 1 'ercent 'ermitted.

Gr!ding No o# Stee" %!""s :eight o# ch!rge in gm

A 1 0444 0

B 11 30+3 0

C + ***4 4

, 044 10

E 1 0444 0

1 0444 0

G 1 0444 0

T!%"e Se"ection o# A%r!sie Ch!rge

OBSERVATIONS:

Drigin!" /eight o# !ggreg!te s!m'"e > :1g

:eight o# !ggreg!te s!m'"e ret!ined > :g :eight '!ssing 1.7mm IS siee > :1 -: g

A%r!sion V!"ue > (:1 -: ); :1 ? 144


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RESULT:

Los Ange"es A%r!sion V!"ue >

RECOMMENDED VALUE:

Los Ange"es test is common"& used to e!"u!te the h!rdness o#

!ggreg!tes. The test h!s more !cce't!%i"it& %ec!use the resist!nce to !%r!sion !nd

im'!ct is determined simu"t!neous"&. e'ending u'on the !"ue2 the suit!%i"it& o#!ggreg!tes #or di##erent ro!d constructions c!n %e 8udged !s 'er IRC

s'eci#ic!tions !s gien

INFERENCE:

S"

NoT&'e o# '!ement

@!9 'ermissi%"e

!%r!sion !"ue in

1 :!ter %ound m!c!d!m su% %!se course ,4

:B@ %!se course /ith %ituminous sur#!cing 04

* Bituminous %ound m!c!d!m 04

3 :B@ sur#!cing course 34

0 Bituminous 'enetr!tion m!c!d!m 34

,Bituminous sur#!ce dressing2

Cement concrete sur#!ce course*0

7 Bituminous concrete sur#!ce course *4


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0. SHA=E TESTS

Flakin!! in"# an" EI$n%a&i$n In"# $' C$a! A%%%a&!

AIM:

i. to determine the e"ong!tion inde9 o# the gien !ggreg!tes

ii. to determine the #"!5iness inde9 o# the gien !ggreg!tes

APPARATUS:

The !''!r!tus #or the sh!'e tests consists o# the #o""o/ing

(i) A st!nd!rd thic5ness g!uge

(ii) A st!nd!rd "ength g!uge

(iii) IS siees o# si6es ,*2 04 342 *1.02 02 42 1,2 1.0214 !nd ,.*mm

(i)A %!"!nce o# c!'!cit& 05g2 re!d!%"e !nd !ccur!te u' to 1 gm.

THEORY:

The '!rtic"e sh!'e o# !ggreg!tes is determined %& the 'ercent!ges o# #"!5&!nd e"ong!ted '!rtic"es cont!ined in it. or %!se course !nd construction o#

%ituminous !nd cement concrete t&'es2 the 'resence o# #"!5& !nd e"ong!ted

'!rtic"es !re considered undesir!%"e !s these c!use inherent /e!5ness /ith

'ossi%i"ities o# %re!5ing do/n under he!& "o!ds. Thus2 e!"u!tion o# sh!'e o# the

'!rtic"es2 '!rticu"!r"& /ith re#erence to #"!5iness !nd e"ong!tion is necess!r&.

The "!5iness inde9o# !ggreg!tes is the 'ercent!ge %& /eight o# '!rtic"es

/hose "e!st dimension (thic5ness) is "ess th!n three- #i#ths (4.,times) o# their

me!n dimension. This test is not !''"ic!%"e to si6es sm!""er th!n ,.*mm.

The E"ong!tion inde9 o# !n !ggreg!te is the 'ercent!ge %& /eight o#

'!rtic"es /hose gre!test dimension ("ength) is gre!ter th!n nine-#i#ths (1.+times)

their me!n dimension. This test is not !''"ic!%"e #or si6es sm!""er th!n ,.*mm.

PROCEDURE:

i) Siee the s!m'"e through the IS siees (!s s'eci#ied in the t!%"e).

ii)T!5e ! minimum o# 44 'ieces o# e!ch #r!ction to %e tested !nd /eigh them.

(iii) In order to se'!r!te the #"!5& m!teri!"s2 g!uge e!ch #r!ction #or thic5ness on !

thic5ness g!uge. The /idth o# the s"ot used shou"d %e o# the dimensions

s'eci#ied in co"umn (3) o# the t!%"e #or the !''ro'ri!te si6e o# the m!teri!".

(i) :eigh the #"!5& m!teri!" '!ssing the g!uge to !n !ccur!c& o# !t "e!st 4.1 'ercent o# the test s!m'"e.

() In order to se'!r!te the e"ong!ted m!teri!"s2 g!uge e!ch #r!ction #or "ength on! "ength g!uge. The /idth o# the s"ot used shou"d %e o# the dimensionss'eci#ied in co"umn (,) o# the t!%"e #or the !''ro'ri!te si6e o# the m!teri!".

(i) :eigh the e"ong!ted m!teri!" ret!ined on the g!uge to !n !ccur!c& o# !t "e!st

4.1 'er cent o# the test s!m'"e.


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DBSERVATIDNS

"!5iness Inde9 = (?1 ?O..) ; (:1 : O.) ? 144

E"ong!tion Inde9 > (J1 J O) ; (:1 : O.) ? 144

RESULT:

i) "!5iness Inde9 =ii) E"ong!tion Inde9 >

RECOMMENDED VALUE:

The sh!'e tests gie on"& ! rough ide! o# the re"!tie sh!'es o# !ggreg!tes.

"!5& !nd e"ong!ted '!rtic"es shou"d %e !oided in '!ement construction2'!rticu"!r"& in sur#!ce course. I# such '!rtic"es !re 'resent in !''reci!%"e

'ro'ortions2 the strength o# '!ement "!&er /ou"d %e !derse"& !##ected due to'ossi%i"it& o# %re!5ing under "o!ds. :or5!%i"it& is reduced #or cement concrete.

IRC recommend!tions #or m!9imum "imits o# #"!5iness inde9 !re !s gien.

S" No T&'e o# '!ement @!9imum "imits o#

#"!5iness inde92

1 Bituminous c!r'et *4

(i) Bituminous ; As'h!"tic concrete

0

(ii) Bituminous =enetr!tion m!c!d!m

(iii) Bituminous sur#!ce dressing (sing"e co!t2t/o co!ts 'reco!ted)

(i) Bui"t u' s'r!& grout

* (i) Bituminous m!c!d!m10

(ii) :B@ %!se course !nd sur#!ce course

INFERENCE:

S Si6e o# !ggreg!tes :eight o##r!ction

consisting

o# !t "e!st44

'ieces2g

Thic5nessg!uge

si6e2 mm

:eight o#!ggreg!tes

in e!ch

#r!ction'!ssing

thic5ness

g!uge2mm

Lengthg!uge

si6e2

mm

:eight o#!ggreg!tes

in e!ch

#r!ctionret!ined on

"ength

g!uge2mm

=!ssing

through

IS Siee2mm

Ret!ined

on IS

Siee2mm

* + , - . /

,* 04 0 *.4 1 - 2

04 34 0* 7.44 1* +1.44 Y34 *1.0 0+ 1.04 1+ 0+.44 Y*

*1.0 0 0, 1,.0 1, - 2

0 4 0- 1*.04 1- 34.0 Y+4 1, 0. 14.+4 1. *.3 Y,

1, 1.0 0/ +.00 1/ 0.0 Y-1.0 14 03 ,.70 13 4. Y.14 ,.* 04 3.+ 14 13.7 Y/

T$&al 0 = 1 = Y =


12/24

/5PENETRATION VALUE OF BITUMEN

AIM: (i) To determine the consistenc& o# %ituminous m!teri!"

(ii) To !ssess the suit!%i"it& o# %itumen #or use under di##erent c"im!tic conditions

!nd !rious t&'es o# construction.

APPARATUS:

(i) Cont!iner A #"!t %ottomed c&"indric!" met!""ic dish 00 mm in di!meter !nd *0

mm in de'th is reuired. I# the 'enetr!tion is o# the order o# 0 or more2 dish o#

74mm di!meter !nd 30mm de'th is reuired.

(ii) Need"e A str!ight2 high"& 'o"ished2 c&"indric!" h!rd stee" rod.

(iii):!ter %!th :!ter %!th m!int!ined !t 0< 4.1


13/24

su'er-im'osed /eights.

(i) Ad8ust the need"e to m!5e cont!ct /ith the sur#!ce o# the s!m'"e. This m!& %e

done %& '"!cing the need"e'oint in cont!ct /ith its im!ge re#"ected %& the sur#!ce

o# the %ituminous m!teri!".

(i) @!5e the 'ointer o# the di!" to re!d 6ero or note the initi!" di!" re!ding.

(ii) Re"e!se the need"e #or e9!ct"& #ie seconds. (i) Ad8ust the 'enetr!tion m!chine to me!sure the dist!nce 'enetr!ted.

(ii)@!5e !t "e!st * re!dings !t 'oints on the sur#!ce o# the s!m'"e not "ess th!n 14

mm !'!rt !nd not "ess th!n "4mm #rom the side o# the dish. A#ter e!ch test return

the s!m'"e !nd tr!ns#er dish to the /!ter %!th !nd /!sh the need"e c"e!n /ith

%en6ene !nd dr& it. In c!se o# m!teri!" o# 'enetr!tion gre!ter th!n 02 three

determin!tions on e!ch o# the t/o identic!" test s'ecimens using ! se'!r!te need"e

#or e!ch determin!tion shou"d %e m!de2 "e!ing the need"e in the s!m'"e on

com'"etion o# e!ch determin!tion to !oid distur%!nce o# the s'ecimen.

PRECAUTIONS:

(i) There shou"d %e no moement o# the cont!iner /hi"e need"e 'enetr!tes into s!m'"e.

(ii) The s!m'"e shou"d %e #ree #rom !n& e9tr!neous m!tter.

(iii)The need"e shou"d %e c"e!ned /ith %en6ene !nd dried %e#ore 'enetr!tion.

OBSERVATIONS

Actu!" test tem'er!ture >


14/24

35 DUCTILITY OF BITUMEN

AIM:

(i) To me!sure the ducti"it& o# ! gien s!m'"e o# %itumen(ii) To determine the suit!%i"it& o# %itumen #or its use in ro!d construction.

APPARATUS:

The !''!r!tus !s 'er IS 14+-17+ consists o#

(i) Briuette mou"d It is m!de o# %r!ss. Circu"!r ho"es !re 'roided !t ends

c!""ed c"i's to gri' the #i9ed !nd mo!%"e ends o# the testing m!chine. Themou"d /hen 'ro'er"& !ssem%"ed #orm ! %riuette s'ecimen o# #o""o/ing

dimensions.

Tot!" "ength 70.4 4.0 mm

ist!nce %et/een c"i's *4.4 4.*mm :idth !t mount o# s"i' 4.4 4.mm

:idth !t minimum cross-section (h!"# /!& %et/een c"i's) 14.4 4.1mm Thic5ness throughout 14.4 4.1mm

(ii) :!ter %!th A %!th m!int!ined /ithin 7.4< 4.1


15/24

s'ecimen %& "ee""ing the sur#!ce using ! hot 5ni#e.

(i) Re'"!ce the mou"d !ssem%"& in /!ter %!th #or +4 to 4 minutes.

(ii) Remoe the sides o# the mou"d. (iii)Hoo5 the c"i's c!re#u""& on the m!chine /ithout c!using !n& initi!" str!in.

(i9) Ad8ust the 'ointer to re!d 6ero.

(9) St!rt the m!chine !nd 'u"" c"i's hori6ont!""& !t ! s'eed o# 04 mm 'er minute. (9i) Note the dist!nce !t /hich the %itumen thre!d o# s'ecimen %re!5s.

@e!n o# t/o o%ser!tions rounded to ne!rest /ho"e num%er is ducti"it& !"ue.

Note: @!chine m!& h!e ! 'roision to #i9 t/o or more mou"ds so !s to test three

s'ecimens simu"t!neous"&.

PRECAUTIONS:

(i) The '"!te !ssem%"& u'on /hich the mou"d is '"!ced sh!"" %e 'er#ect"& #"!t !nd

"ee" so th!t the %ottom sur#!ce o# the mou"d touches it throughout.

(ii) In #i""ing the mou"d2 c!re shou"d %e t!5en not to distort the %riuette !nd to see

th!t no !ir 'oc5et is /ithin the mou"ded s!m'"e.

OBSERVATIONS:(i) Bitumen Gr!de >

(ii) =ouring Tem'er!ture >

(iii) Test Tem'er!ture >

(i) =eriod o# coo"ing in minutes

(!) In !ir > (%) In /!ter %!th %e#ore trimming >

(c) In /!ter %!th !#ter trimming >

RESULT:

ucti"it& !"ue >

1 *

(!) Initi!" Re!ding

(%) in!" Re!ding


16/24

RECOMMENDED VALUE:

Suit!%i"it& o# %itumen is 8udged de'ending on its t&'e !nd 'ro'osed use.Bitumen /ith "o/ ducti"it& !"ue m!& get cr!c5ed es'eci!""& in co"d /e!ther.

@inimum !"ues o# ducti"it& s'eci#ied %& ISI #or !rious gr!des !re !s #o""o/s.

INFERENCE:

Source o# '!ing %itumen !nd 'enetr!tion gr!de @in ducti"it& !"ue (cms)

Ass!m =etro"eum A0 0

A*0 14

A30 1

A,02 A4 A44 10

Bitumen #rom sources other th!n Ass!m

=etro"eum S*004

S302 S,0 S4 70


17/24

45 SOFTENING POINT OF BIUMINOUS MATERIAL

AIM:

To determine the so#tening 'oint o# %itumen; t!r.

APPARATUS:

(i)The ring !nd %!"" !''!r!tus consisting o#

(!) Stee" %!""s-t/o num%ers e!ch o#.0 mm di!meter /eighing *.0 4.40 g.

(%) Br!ss rings-t/o num%ers e!ch h!ing de'th o# ,.3 mm. The inside di!meter

!t %ottom !nd to' is 10.mm !nd 17.0 mm res'ectie"&.

(c) B!"" guides to guide the moement o# stee" %!""s centr!""&.

(d) Su''ort -th!t c!n ho"d rings in 'osition !nd !"so !""o/s #or sus'ension o# !

thermometer. The dist!nce %et/een the %ottom o# the rings !nd the to' sur#!ce

o# the %ottom '"!te o# the su''ort is 0mm.

(ii) Thermometer th!t c!n re!d u' to 144< C /ith !n !ccur!c& o# 4.< C.

(iii) B!th-he!t resist!nt g"!ss %e!5er not "ess th!n +0 mm in di!meter

14mm dee'.

(i) Stirrer

THEORY:

The So#tening =oint o# %itumen or t!r is the tem'er!ture !t /hich the

su%st!nce !tt!ins '!rticu"!r degree o# so#tening. As 'er IS **3-1+2 it is the

tem'er!ture in KC !t /hich ! st!nd!rd %!"" '!sses through ! s!m'"e o# %itumen in !mou"d !nd #!""s through ! height o# .0 cm2 /hen he!ted under /!ter or g"&cerine !t

s'eci#ied conditions o# test. The %inder shou"d h!e su##icient #"uidit& %e#ore its

!''"ic!tions in ro!d uses. The determin!tion o# so#tening 'oint he"'s to 5no/ thetem'er!ture u' to /hich ! %ituminous %inder shou"d %e he!ted #or !rious ro!d use

!''"ic!tions. So#tening 'oint is determined %& ring !nd %!"" !''!r!tus.

PROCEDURE:

(i) =re'!r!tion o# test s!m'"e He!t the m!teri!" to ! tem'er!ture %et/een 70-144< C

!%oe its so#tening 'oint$ stir unti"2 it is com'"ete"& #"uid !nd #ree #rom !ir %u%%"es

!nd /!ter. I# necess!r&2 #i"ter it through IS siee *4. ="!ce the rings 'reious"&

he!ted to ! tem'er!ture !''ro9im!ting to th!t o# the mo"ten m!teri!"2 on ! met!"

'"!te /hich h!s %een co!ted /ith ! mi9ture o# eu!" '!rts o# g"&cerine !nd de9trine.A#ter coo"ing #or *4 minutes in !ir2 "ee" the m!teri!" in the ring %& remoing the

e9cess m!teri!" /ith ! /!rmed2 sh!r' 5ni#e.

(ii) Assem%"e the !''!r!tus /ith the rings$ thermometer !nd %!"" guides in 'osition

(iii) i"" the %!th /ith disti""ed /!ter to ! height o# 04mm !%oe the u''er sur#!ce o#

the rings. The st!rting tem'er!ture shou"d %e 0< C.

Note Use g"&cerine in '"!ce o# /!ter i# the so#tening 'oint is e9'ected to %e !%oe

+4< C$ the st!rting tem'er!ture m!& %e 5e't *0< C.

(i) A''"& he!t to the %!th !nd stir the "iuid so th!t the tem'er!ture rises !t ! uni#orm


18/24

r!te o# 0 4.0


19/24

65 VISCOSITY TEST FOR CUTBAC7 BITUMEN

AIM:

To determine the iscosit& o# %itumen using t!r iscometer

APPARATUS:T!r iscometer2 cu'2 !"e2 receier2 thermometer etc.

THEORY:

Viscosit& is the inerse o# #"uidit&. The degree o# #"uidit& !t the !''"ic!tion

tem'er!ture gre!t"& in#"uences the !%i"it& o# %ituminous m!teri!" to s're!d2 'enetr!te into

oids !nd !"so co!t the !ggreg!te !nd hence !##ect the strength !nd ch!r!cteristics o#

resu"ting '!ing mi9es. At high #"uidit& or "o/ iscosit&2 %itumen %inder sim'"&

"u%ric!tes the !ggreg!te '!rtic"es inste!d o# 'roiding !n uni#orm #i"m thic5ness #or

%inding !ction. Lo/ #"uidit& or high iscosit& doesnot en!%"e the %itumen to co!t the

entire sur#!ce o# !ggreg!te in the mi9 e!si"& !nd !"so resists the com'!ctie e##ort !nd

resu"ting mi9 is heterogeneous in ch!r!cter.

PROCEDURE:

The t!r cu' is 'ro'er"& "ee""ed !nd /!ter in the %!th is he!ted to the test

tem'er!ture. Stirring is !"so continued. @!teri!" is he!ted to 4 ---------seconds.

RECOMMENDED VALUES:

Cut%!c5 %itumen

SC2@C2RC o# gr!des4 1 * 3 0

Dri#ice si6e (mm) 3.4 3.4 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4

Test Tem'er!tures(


20/24

5 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF BITUMEN

AIM:

To determine the s'eci#ic gr!it& o# gien s!m'"e o# %itumen

APPARATUS:

=&cnometer !nd %!"!nce

THEORY:

S'eci#ic gr!it& o# %ituminous m!teri!" is de#ined !s r!tio o# m!ss o# gien

o"ume o# su%st!nce to the eu!" o"ume o# /!ter2 tem'er!ture o# %oth %eing 7

:eight o# %ott"e%itumen2 : >

:eight o# %ott"e /!ter2 :* >

:eight o# %ott"e /!ter %itumen2 :3 >

S'eci#ic Gr!it& > (:-:1)

(:*-:1)-(:3-:)


21/24

*5 CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST

AIM:

To determine the C!"i#orni! Be!ring R!tio !"ue o# the su%gr!de soi".

APPARATUS:

Lo!ding m!chine-!n& com'ression m!chine c!n o'er!te !t const!nt r!teo#1.0mm 'er minute c!n %e used. C&"indric!" mou"ds- mou"ds o# 104mm di!meter !nd

170mm height 'roided /ith ! co""!r o# !%out 04mm "ength !nd det!ch!%"e 'er#or!ted

%!se. Com'!ction r!mmer2 surch!rge /eight-!nnu"!r /eights e!ch o# .05g !nd 137mm

di!meter. IS siee 4mm2 Co!rse #i"ter '!'er2 %!"!nce etc.

THEORY:

The C!"i#orni! Be!ring R!tio(CBR) test /!s dee"o'ed %& the C!"i#orni! iision

o# High/!&s !s ! method o# c"!ssi#&ing !nd e!"u!ting soi"- su%gr!de !nd %!se course

m!teri!"s #or #"e9i%"e '!ements. CBR is ! me!sure o# resist!nce o# ! m!teri!" to

'enetr!tion o# st!nd!rd '"unger under contro""ed densit& !nd moisture conditions. CBR

test m!& %e conducted in remou"ded or undistur%ed s!m'"e. Test consists o# c!using !

c&"indric!" '"unger o# 04mm di!meter to 'enetr!te ! '!ement com'onent m!teri!" !t

1.0mm;minute. The "o!ds #or .0mm !nd 0mm !re recorded. This "o!d is e9'ressed !s !

'ercent!ge o# st!nd!rd "o!d !"ue !t ! res'ectie de#orm!tion "ee" to o%t!in CBR !"ue.

=ROCEDURE:

Siee the s!m'"e through 4mm IS siee. T!5e 05g o# the s!m'"e o# soi"

s'ecimen. Add /!ter to the soi" in the u!ntit& such th!t o'timum moisture content or

#ie"d moisture content is re!ched. Then soi" !nd /!ter !re mi9ed thorough"&. S'!cer

disc is '"!ced oer the %!se'"!te !t the %ottom o# mou"d !nd ! co!rse #i"ter '!'er is

'"!ced oer the s'!cer disc. The 're'!red soi" /!ter mi9 is diided into #ie. The mou"d

is c"e!ned !nd oi" is !''"ied. Then #i"" one #i#th o# the mou"d /ith the 're'!red soi". Th!t

"!&er is com'!cted %& giing 0, een"& distri%uted %"o/s using ! h!mmer o# /eight

3.+5g. The to' "!&er o# the com'!cted soi" is scr!tched. Ag!in second "!&er is #i""ed !nd

'rocess is re'e!ted. A#ter *rd"!&er2 co""!r is !"so !tt!ched to the mou"d !nd 'rocess is

continued. A#ter #i#th "!&er co""!r is remoed !nd e9cess soi" is struc5 o##. Remoe %!se

'"!te !nd inert the mou"d. Then it is c"!m'ed to %!se'"!te.

Surch!rge /eights o# .05g is '"!ced on to' sur#!ce o# soi". @ou"d cont!ining

s'ecimen is '"!ced in 'osition on the testing m!chine. The 'enetr!tion '"unger is %rought

in cont!ct /ith the soi" !nd ! "o!d o# 35g(se!ting "o!d) is !''"ied so th!t cont!ct %et/een

soi" !nd '"unger is est!%"ished. Then di!" re!dings !re !d8usted to 6ero. Lo!d is !''"ied


22/24

such th!t 'enetr!tion r!te is 1.0mm 'er minute. Lo!d !t 'enetr!tion o#

4.02121.022.02*232027.0214 !nd 1.0mm !re noted.

S&an"a" L$a" Val8!

=enetr!tion(mm) St!nd!rd Lo!d(5g) Unit St!nd!rd

Lo!d(5g;cm)

.0 1*74 74

0 400 140

7.0 ,*4 1*3

14.4 *1+4 1,

1.0 *,44 1+*

RESULT:

C!"i#orni! Be!ring R!tio !t .0mm 'enetr!tion >

C!"i#orni! Be!ring R!tio !t 0.4mm 'enetr!tion >

C!"i#orni! Be!ring R!tio o# su%gr!de soi" >

INFERENCE:


23/24


24/24

+5 FLASH AND FIRE POINT

AIM: To determine the #"!sh !nd #ire 'oint o# %itumen

APPARATUS:

=ens5&-@!rten C"osed Tester2 Thermometer

THEORY:

Bituminous m!teri!" "e!e out o"!ti"es !t high tem'er!tures de'ending u'on their

gr!de. These o"!ti"e !'our c!tch #ire c!using ! #"!sh. The #"!sh 'oint is the "o/est

tem'er!ture !t /hich #"!sh occurs due to ignition o# o"!ti"e !'ours /hen ! sm!"" #"!me

is %rought in cont!ct /ith the !'ours o# ! %ituminous 'roduct2 gr!du!""& he!ted under

st!nd!rdised condition. :hen %ituminous m!teri!" is #urther he!ted to ! higher

tem'er!ture2 the m!teri!" itse"# c!tches !nd continues to %urn$ the "o/est tem'er!ture

c!using this is the #ire 'oint. ire 'oint is !"/!&s higher th!n #"!sh 'oint.

The 'la!< $in&o# ! m!teri!" is the "o/est tem'er!ture !t /hich !'our o# ! su%st!nce

moment!ri"& t!5e #ire in the #orm o# #"!sh.

The 'i $in&is the "o/est tem'er!ture !t /hich the m!teri!" gets ignited !nd %urns

under s'eci#ic conditions o# test.

PROCEDURE:

A"" '!rts o# cu' !re c"e!ned !nd dried thorough"&. @!teri!" is #i""ed into cu' u'to

#i""ing m!r5. Lid is '"!ced to c"ose the cu' in ! c"osed s&stem. A"" !ccessories inc"uding

thermometer o# s'eci#ied r!nge !re suit!%"& #i9ed. Bitumen s!m'"e is then he!ted. Stirring

is done !t regu"!r inter!"s. The test #"!me is "it !nd !''"ied !t inter!"s de'ending u'on

e9'ected #"!sh !nd #ire 'oint. irst !''"ic!tion is m!de !t !%out 17

RECOMMENDED VALUES:

The minimum !"ue o# #"!sh 'oint %& =ens5& @!rtens c"osed t&'e !''!r!tus is

170

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