Teacher’s book - Hachette Livre International

Teacher’s book

Contents

Unit 1 People ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Unit 2 Health and lifestyle .................................................................................................................... 6

Unit 3 Technology ............................................................................................................................................ 12

Unit 4 Looking forward ........................................................................................................................... 18

Unit 5 Gender and education ..................................................................................................... 24

Unit 6 Citizenship ............................................................................................................................................... 30

Unit 7 Sport .................................................................................................................................................................. 36

Unit 8 Science ........................................................................................................................................................... 42

Unit 9 Wildlife .......................................................................................................................................................... 47

Unit 10 Culture ........................................................................................................................................................... 53

Writing training ............................................................................................................................................................ 58

Prepare for the exam ......................................................................................................................................... 64

Unit 1 - People

Lead in # p. 7 1. Possible answersThe boy on the left is sitting in an armchair in his bedroom. He’s doing nothing. He’s probably just daydreaming. The girl on the right is in her bedroom, sitting at her desk in front of her computer. She’s sitting very upright. She seems to be studying.

Vocabulary # p. 7 3. Positive adjectives: ambitious – focused – hard-working – studious – confident – curious – organised – efficient – patient – flexible – responsible Negative adjectives: selfish – bossy – lazy Both positive and negative: stubborn The boy looks lazy, because he’s doing nothing and his bedroom is really messy. He didn’t make his bed and his school things are spread out on the floor. The girl looks studious, organised and responsible. She may also be hard-working. Her bed is made and her bedroom is very tidy. She’s sitting at her desk with books next to her.

4. Antonymsunambitious – unfocused – unselfish – disorganised – inefficient – impatient – irresponsible

5. 1/ studious, hardworking, responsible2/ curious 3/ ambitious 4/ stubborn 5/ responsible 6/ lazy 7/ bossy, confident 8/ organised, responsible

6. SpeakingPossible expressions to use I think you have to be … to be a successful student. I think you can’t succeed if you’re not… To succeed in your studies, you should be… / you should try to be...

Reading # p. 8 1. Before you readAnswer B

2. True: 4 (paragraph 7) and 5 (paragraph 7)False: 1 (paragraph 1, ‘There are five eating styles which are more common than others.’), 2 (paragraph 3, ‘People who eat fast tend to put other things and people before themselves.’) and 3 (paragraph 6, ‘People who like trying new foods are often creative’)

3. Slow eaters: stubborn – self-centredFast eaters: focused – efficient Mix foods: responsible – unfocused Eat foods separately: organised – methodical Enjoy new food: creative – curious – adventurous

4. 1/ go on a date2/ fake 3/ kick in 4/ make a point of 5/ make the most of 6/ have trouble

5. DiscussionPossible expressions to use 1/ I think I am… / I belong to the category of… 2/ My friends / My parents are… I think my parents / my friends (don’t) have the same eating style as I do. I think they belong to the category of… Some of my friends are…, but others are… 3/ I would say / In my opinion, my parents’ / my friends’ eating habits (don’t) correspond to their personalities, because… 4/ Some aspects of our personality can be revealed by the way we smile / we laugh / we sneeze…

Vocabulary extension # p. 9 → Adjectives and adverbs 6. 1/ slowly2/ fast (irregular) 3/ quickly 4/ instinctively 5/ separately 6/ incredibly The regular adverbs are formed with the suffix –ly.

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7. 1/ loudly2/ personally 3/ universally 4/ fundamentally 5/ methodically 6/ patiently

Pronunciation # p. 9 → Stressed syllables 8. methodical: 4 syllablespatient: 2 syllables loud: 1 syllable personal: 3 syllables fundamental: 4 syllables

9. For each pair of words, the noun and theadjective are stressed differently.

Grammar # p. 10 → Present tenses: present simple and present continuous 1. 1/ is eating2/ doesn’t like 3/ often goes 4/ grow 5/ is doing

Rules a/ present continuous b/ present simple c/ present simple d/present continuous

2. 1/ do – think2/ am learning 3/ don’t understand 4/ hope 5/ is – running 6/ do – live 7/ does – rise 8/ don’t usually wear

3. 1/ a) looks – b) am looking2/ a) feels – b) is feeling 3/ a) is smelling – b) smells 4/ a) am tasting – b) tastes 5/ a) think – b) is thinking

4. SpeakingPossible expressions to use The person I chose is wearing… He / She is carrying / walking / looking at…

He / She looks like… because... He / She must be a local / a foreigner because... I think he / she comes from… because… He / She is probably going to… because I can see…

5. WritingPossible answers The woman is wearing a traditional dress with a necklace and she’s wearing sandals. She looks like a local. She’s walking in the street and pushing a motorbike. She may be coming from home and going to get her motorbike repaired. The man is wearing a white T-shirt, a white cap and blue shorts. He’s carrying a blue backpack on one shoulder. He looks like a foreigner; I think he comes from Europe. He’s probably a tourist going to visit the town.

Communication # p. 11 → Suggesting and responding 1. 1/ like2/ love 3/ busy 4/ going 5/ idea 6/ go 7/ don’t 8/ suggest 9/ about

4. 1/ motorbike – window shopping2/ fried plantains – pepper soup – green tea 3/ birthday party – babysit – listen to music

5. Writing and SpeakingPossible answer A/ Are you free next Saturday? B/ No, I’m not. I have to babysit. A/ And what about next Sunday? B/ Yes. Why? A/ Would you like to go swimming? B/ I’m not too fond of swimming. But you could come to my house and we could play chess and listen to some music. A/ I’m very bad at chess. Why don’t we play video games instead? B/ OK, let’s do that!

Reading # p. 12 1. Before you readPossible answers On the picture on the left, I can see a group of 3 boys pointing their fingers at another boy. They

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seem to be making fun of / laughing at him. They may be saying something like ‘Hey! Look at you! You will never manage! / You look so ridiculous / stupid! / You really think you can go like that?!’ On the second picture, a girl and a boy bathing in a river are inviting a girl to join them. They are making gestures telling her to come and could be saying ‘Come with us, it’s really nice! We’re having fun! / Don’t worry, it’s not dangerous! And the water is warm!’ But the girl on the side is making a hand gesture to show she doesn’t want to go.

2. Title A

4. The picture on the left illustrates negative peerpressure, whereas the one on the right illustrates positive peer pressure. Negative peer pressure: making you skive off school – smoking – lying to your parents Positive peer pressure: making you do well at school – making you excel at sport – getting you involved in clubs, sports or religious groups Ways of dealing with peer pressure: stand up for what you believe in – develop friendships - pay attention to your feelings

5. 1B - 2C - 3A - 4C - 5A - 6B

6. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ making someone drink alcohol or use drugs; encouraging someone to steal; encouraging someone to try a new sport; making someone join an association… 2/ When I was… / Last year / A few years / days ago, some friends told me to… / convinced me to… / encouraged me to… Some older students asked me to… / wanted me to… 3/ I thought it was a good idea so I agreed. / I didn’t want to but I felt I had to do like the others. / I thought it was bad and I told them. / I did what they asked me to but then I told my friends / my parents about it. 4/ You can ask a friend for help. / You can clearly state your opinion and explain it. / I could have… / People should only do what they believe is right. 5/ Bullying implies repeated physical or verbal violence against one person, whereas peer pressure only consists in trying to influence someone’s behaviour. Peer pressure is often more temporary. If someone tries to take money from somebody else, for example, or repeatedly insults somebody, it’s bullying, not peer pressure.

Vocabulary extension # p. 13 → Phrasal verbs 7. The phrasal verb with three words is ‘stand upfor’.

8. 1/ fit in2/ grow up 3/ give in 4/ deal with 5/ skived off 6/ stand up for 7/ believe in

Grammar # p. 14 → Gerunds and infinitives 1. 1/ learning = gerund2/ to learn = infinitive – going = gerund 3/ Learning = gerund 4/ to learn = infinitive

2. 1/ Eating all those sweets wasn’t a good idea.2/ Meeting them will be fun. 3/ Driving home didn’t take long. 4/ Learning irregular verbs is important. 5/ Getting lost in this place is easy. 6/ Seeing Eto playing was exciting.

3. 1/ It’s difficult to find a good job.2/ It won’t hurt him to work at weekends. 3/ It’s dangerous to ride a motorbike without a helmet. 4/ It was fantastic to see them win the match. 5/ It takes time to learn another language. 6/ It’s against the law to cheat in exams.

→ Verb patterns: -ing form and infinitive 4. Followed by the -ing form: can’t face –anticipate Followed by an infinitive: tend – refuse.

5. Verb + infinitive: would like – want – hope –decide Verb + -ing form: enjoy

6. 1/ to deny2/ to realise 3/ to improve 4/ going 5/ studying 6/ having 7/ to think 8/ to pass


Vocabulary # p. 15 1. Lead inOn the left, I can see two boys playing music together. One is playing the piano and the other one is playing the flute. They seem to be friends and to be enjoying themselves. On the right, two girls are frowning at each other. One is wearing fashionable clothes; she’s listening to music and swaying her hips. The other one has folded arms and looks angry. They don’t seem to like each other.

2. The boy on the left wearing yellow is Obame.The boy playing the flute is Yedo. The girl wearing glasses is Maty. The girl wearing a bandana is Binta.

3. SpeakingPossible expressions to use My sister / my brother / my friend and I get on well because we both… I don’t get on with… because we / he / she… I got to know … at …. Now we… … is younger than me but we have a lot in common/ we have similar interests; we’re both keen on…

Listening # p. 15 4. Before you listenPossible answers and expressions to use A role model is someone who influences you, someone you want to imitate. Role models can make you change your behaviour and the way you act in life. No, I personally don’t have any role model. / Yes, I have a role model, it’s... He / She influences me because...

5. a1 - b3 - c2 - d4

6. 1/ completed2/ his own fault 3/ an older girl 4/ are improving

7. SpeakingPossible expressions to use He / She is from… He / She works as a… His / Her actions have influenced me / made me change my mind on… because… I don’t know him / her personally but… We have a really close relationship. We both… I think if he / she hadn’t been there / if I hadn’t met him / her, I would have… / I would never have…

Writing # p. 16 → A description of a person 1. 1/ Main idea of paragraph 2: The definition and causes of peer pressure. Main idea of paragraph 4: Ways of dealing with peer pressure. 2/ Paragraph 2: ‘When people of your own age and status try to influence how you act, it’s called peer pressure.’ Paragraph 4: ‘Nearly everyone experiences peer pressure sooner or later, so it’s important that you learn to deal with it and only do what is right for you.’ 3/ In each paragraph, the sentence introducing the main idea is the first sentence of the paragraph.

2. 1c – 2b – 3d – 4a

3. The correct order is: 2, 4, 1, 3.The topic sentence is sentence 2.

Writing task # p. 16 5. Possible answer (120 words)My grandfather is a very important person to me. I see him almost every day after school, and I spend a lot of time with him. He always listens to me. He is curious about what I’m learning at school and about my friends. My mother says he was really bossy and inflexible with her, but with me he is patient and understanding. He’s very good at telling stories, and I love them. Sometimes I tell them to my little brother, and he enjoys them too. Later, I would like to write children stories. I’ve already written a story for the school magazine. Being with my grandpa always makes me happy. He inspires me and makes me feel more confident.

Check Unit 1 # p. 17-18 1. 1/ make the most of2/ stubborn 3/ go on a date 4/ stand up for 5/ Skiving off 6/ bossy

2. 1/ He got into trouble because he skived off hisMaths class. 2/ She wanted to fit in. 3/ My best friend always stands up for me if other people bother me.


4/ I grew up in a small village. 5/ You must learn how to deal with peer pressure. 3. responsible – responsibility – curious – curiosity– stubborn – studious

4. irregular – disorganised – disagree – inability /disability – irresponsible – unavailable – immature – impatient

5. 1/ is crying2/ is the baby crying 3/ cries 4/ do you do 5/ happens 6/ feed 7/ sing 8/ Do you remember 9/ forget 10/ Does he ever help 11/ is planting 12/ is sleeping

6. Possible answers: make my bed – have breakfast– take a shower – wash my hair – do my hair –brush my teeth – get dressed – get my school bag – put on my shoes…

7. Possible answerI usually get up before six o’clock, never after 6.15. I generally make my bed and then have breakfast. I often take my shower after breakfast, but sometimes I take it before. Around 6.30, I brush my teeth, get my school bag and put my shoes on. I leave home at 6.45 to get the school bus.

8. V + infinitive: tell – expect – offer – intend –want – choose – force – attempt – ask V + -ing form: enjoy – avoid – give up V + infinitive or -ing form: start – hate – continue – like

9. 1/ to quit2/ to take 3/ working 4/ working 5/ meeting 6/ helping 7/ to adapt 8/ to work 9/ taking 10/ earning

10. Possible answersMy sister / brother likes going out in the evening, but she / he dislikes having to come home before 10 pm. I don’t mind taking care of my brothers and sisters on Sundays, but I hate getting up early. My younger brother tends to follow me wherever I go. My parents intend to travel abroad next summer, and they want me to join them. My grandmother enjoys telling stories about her past.


Unit 2 - Health and lifestyle

Lead in # p. 19 1. Possible answersOn the first picture we can see surgeons in a hospital operating room. They are wearing protective gowns, masks and head protections. They are operating on a patient / performing surgery on a patient. They may be treating the patient for a severe disease, trying to save his or her life. The picture on the right shows a doctor, wearing a white blouse, examining a baby with his stethoscope. The baby is in his / her mother’s arms. They are probably at a medical centre. The mother probably brought her baby to see the doctor because he / she is ill and she wants the doctor to treat him / her.

Vocabulary # p. 19 2. Diseases: AIDS – conjunctivitis – diabetes – flu –heart attack – infection – malaria – tuberculosis – Ebola – allergy Symptoms: ache – cough – diarrhoea – fever – itching – unconscious – vomiting Remedies: antibiotic – boil – injection – painkiller – tablet – vaccine The most serious diseases are AIDS (symptoms: fever, headache, muscle aches, itching, diarrhoea, cough) and Ebola (symptoms: fever, headache, diarrhoea, vomiting).

3. True statements: 1– 2 – 4 – 6 – 7 – 8 (answer tostatement 8 may vary)

4. SpeakingPossible expressions to use If / When you suffer from this disease, you generally feel… / you have… / you can feel… This disease makes you… and… You should take … / get… It is a very serious disease and you should treat it well, because…

5. WritingPossible answer Malaria is a very serious infectious disease. In most serious cases it can cause death. It is transmitted by the bite of a female mosquito called anopheles.

Its symptoms include high fever, headaches and vomiting. If you suffer from malaria, you should take anti-malarial tablets and medicine. To avoid catching malaria, you should use a mosquito net.

Reading # p. 20 1. Possible answerThe picture shows a police officer checking drug packets. He’s probably a customs agent seizing illegal products. I suppose that when he opened the boxes containing medicine, he saw that they were fake drugs and so he is inspecting every packet and putting the fake ones in a bag. This illustrates the problem of fake drugs sold by illicit traders around the world.

2. Title A

3. 1/ Joseph Houssou suffered from malaria.2/ His family bought him medicine and antibiotics from the market. Then, they took him to a health clinic. 3/ They buy drugs from the market because they are cheaper. 4/ The fake drug trade is doing well because it is controlled by criminal organisations and is very profitable. 5/ They are dangerous because the quantity of correct ingredients is so low that they are ineffective. 6/ They found 1.4 million packets of fake anti-malaria medicine. 7/ Most of the drugs come from South East Asia or the Middle East. 8/ The solution is to produce authentic drugs locally and sell them at a cheaper price.

4. 1/ seizes2/ tougher 3/ cannot afford 4/ raided 5/ warehouse 6/ sustainable

5. DiscussionPossible expressions to use 1/ I’ve already suffered from… / When I was … I caught… / I had...


My parents treated me with… / I was given … / I had to take… 2/ The most serious diseases are… / A lot of people suffer from… / die from... 3/ Yes, I know someone / someone from my family / a friend who has taken fake medicine. He / She suffered from … and after taking the medicine he / she… No, I don’t know anyone personally / I haven’t heard of anyone who has taken fake medicine. 4/ Governments should encourage the production of cheaper authentic medicine / should encourage people not to buy fake goods / should help poor families have access to treatments / could ask the police to make more controls and punish criminals more severely…

Vocabulary extension # p. 21 → Synonyms 6. counterfeit / fake; medicine / drugs; genuine /authentic; illicit / illegal; trader / vendor

7. 1/ illness2/ remedy 3/ recover 4/ germs 5/ wound

Grammar # p. 22 → Past tenses: past simple, past continuous and past perfect 1. 1/ fell: past simple – died: past simple2/ arrived: past simple – had disappeared: past perfect 3/ was sleeping: past continuous – arrived: past simple

Rules a/ past simple b/ past perfect c/ past continuous

Examples of past simple in the text: fell – did – bought – took – arrived – said – raided – confiscated – turned out – made – found Examples of past perfect: had always done – had arrived Examples of past continuous: was dying – was treating – were making – were checking

2. 1/ hadn’t flown2/ was cleaning – was doing

3/ had bought – got 4/ arrived – had already left 5/ was crossing – knocked 6/ had lost

3. 1/ had spent2/ was walking 3/ met 4/ hadn’t seen 5/ talked 6/ got 7/ had gone 8/ were 9/ got

4. 1/ while2/ When 3/ already 4/ As soon as

5. WritingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ While I was having lunch, I saw a strange thing happen in the street. / the baby was screaming. 2/ As soon as I had done my homework, I went out. / called my friend. 3/ As I was walking down the street, somebody called me. / I met... / saw... / heard… 4/ This time yesterday, I was at school / doing my homework / playing outside / going home / talking to... 5/ We went home after we had visited… / after my brother / my parents had finished… 6/ I was tired because I had run from school / I hadn’t slept much at night / I had helped my mother with…

Communication # p. 23 → Asking for and giving advice 1. 1/ do2/ talk 3/ to do 4/ go 5/ get 6/ do 7/ see

4. 1/ Problem: Efua no longer speaks to me –Advice: talk to her / let me talk it over with her 2/ Problem: Mum’s phone is broken – Advice: get her a new phone for her birthday 3/ Problem: I haven’t finished paying for the excursion – Advice: tell your parents / explain the situation to the coordinator


5. Writing and SpeakingPossible answer A/ You look worried, Fatou. What’s the matter? B/ I have to stay home again next Saturday. My parents are always asking me to look after my brothers and I can’t stand it anymore! A/ Have you talked to them about it? B/ I’ve tried to. But they don’t really listen to me. What do you advise me to do? A/ Why don’t you talk to your uncle Joseph? You get on well with him, he could help you. B/ Do you think so? A/ Sure! If I were you, I’d go see him right away. B/ You’re right. Maybe he can tell my parents I have something important to say. I think I’ll try!

Reading # p. 24 1. Before you readPossible answer The picture shows a very fat man sitting in an armchair, watching TV and eating a sandwich. He’s wearing a blue cap and a yellow T-shirt which appears to be much too small for him. On the floor next to the armchair we can see food leftovers (among which are an empty bottle, an empty can, a fishbone, an apple core...), which show he has been eating and drinking a lot. The man seems to be turning into a tree: his legs look like tree branches and his feet like roots. These roots are growing and even starting to cover the TV set. It suggests that the man has been sitting there for a very long time and is not moving anymore. The picture suggests the person has a very unhealthy lifestyle. The man appears not to be moving from his armchair or exercising at all, and it seems he just keeps eating and drinking while watching TV.

2. Answer 3

3. True sentences: 3 – 5 – 6 – 8False sentences: 1 (When he was younger, Samuel Song had an unhealthy lifestyle.) – 2 (He was a future candidate for diabetes.) – 4 (He started eating grilled fish and vegetables for lunch.) – 7 (He doesn’t work out in a gym, but he walks everywhere.)

4. 1/ obese2/ diet 3/ weight 4/ decade 5/ stamina 6/ diet Expressions: weight – diet; diet – weight

5. 1/ puts on2/ work out 3/ cut out – cut down on 4/ work out 5/ give up 6/ take up 7/ stuck with

6. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ A balanced diet includes a little bit of every type of food: carbohydrates, sugar, protein, fat and vitamins. It should include a lot of fruit and vegetables, but not too much fat and sugar. 2/ I don’t get much exercise. I don’t think I get enough. / I think I should exercise more. / I practise sport only at school. I exercise a lot. I walk to school every day. / I go running / swimming in the evening / at weekends… / I practise… 3/ On the whole, I think my lifestyle is quite healthy because… / My lifestyle is not completely healthy because… / is more or less healthy… / is completely unhealthy… To improve it, I could exercise more / practise a sport more regularly. / I think I should walk more often / go running more often… / I could take up dance lessons / football / swimming… 4/ Carbohydrates: potatoes – bred – rice – pasta – beans… Sugar: soda – sweets – honey – chocolate… Protein: meat – fish – eggs – seafood… Fat: chips – fried chicken – butter – oil – cream… Vitamins: oranges – carrots – bananas – mushrooms – cabbages – green beans – pineapples…

Vocabulary extension # p. 25 → Collocations 7. 1/ diet2/ weight 3/ diet 4/ go 5/ couch 6/ disease

Pronunciation # p. 25 → [ɪ] and [i] 8. []: since – kilometre – instead – grilled – it –fifteen – stamina [i]: eat – kilo – week – meet – obese – green – secret


Grammar # p. 26 → Used to 1. 1/ used to2/ used to be 3/ didn’t use to We form the negative with did + not.

2. Answer a

3. 1/ People didn’t use to have electricity.2/ Did your grandparents use to have a TV? 3/ We used to help dad on his farm. 4/ They didn’t use to go to school on Thursdays.

4. Possible answers and expressions1/ What did you use to drink when you were a baby? → I used to drink milk. 2/ What games did you use to play when you were a small child? → I used to play… 3/ Who used to look after you when you were a baby? → My mother / grandmother / sister used to look after me. 4/ Did you parents use to have mobile phones when you were young? → No, they didn’t, because… / Yes, they did.

→ Get used to and be used to 5. 1a – 2b

6. 1/ get used to2/ am used to 3/ are used to 4/ get used to

7. WritingPossible answers Life is my town used to be very different from now. People used to live in smaller houses. Girls didn’t use to have access to education. / People didn’t use to care about girls going to school. People used to die younger; today the life expectancy is higher. Women used to have a lot more children. / Women didn’t use to have jobs outside of the house. There didn’t use to be so many sport facilities in town. Few people used to own a car. People didn’t use to have TV sets and mobile phones. Today, a lot of families have their own TV set. A lot of people own a mobile phone and use it every day. People used to wear only traditional clothes, but today many people wear occidental clothes.

Vocabulary # p. 27 1. Lead inPossible answers This poster is campaigning against smoking. It is focusing on women smoking during their pregnancy, highlighting the fact that smoking is also dangerous for the future baby.

2. 1/ threat2/ ban 3/ epidemic 4/ target 5/ prevent 6/ addicted

3. 1/ banned2/ threat 3/ target 4/ epidemic – addicted 5/ Prevention

4. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use I think some young people take up smoking because they want to imitate others / they feel they have to smoke to fit in / to be accepted by the others. They are afraid of being marginalised if they don’t smoke. I don’t know many smokers, but I know… / I know a lot of people who smoke in my family… / There are many smokers among my friends, some are really addicted to cigarettes… / some only smoke during parties or when they are part of a group. People can become addicted to drugs, alcohol, medicines like sleeping pills…

Listening # p. 27 5. Before you listenPossible answers and expressions to use Smoking can cause cancers of the lung, throat, mouth, bladder and oesophagus. It can also cause heart and cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, dental diseases, bronchitis, pneumonia, diabetes, as well as problems during pregnancy and childbirth. Yes, I know someone who has (had)... He / She was smoking a lot and.... / I have heard of someone in my family who has (had)... No, I don’t know anyone / I haven’t heard of anyone who has (had) a smoking-linked disease.


6. True statements: 1 and 4.

7. 1/ 62/ 600,000 3/ 100 4/ 1 5/ 90 6/ half

8. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ I think the best way to prevent people from taking up smoking is to inform them about the many diseases that can be caused by smoking. / To prevent people from taking up smoking, all governments should ban smoking in public places / governments should raise the price of cigarettes / campaigns should be organised to make people aware of all the smoking-related risks. 2/ Yes, I think they are effective, because by informing people, they can make them aware of their responsibilities. No, I don’t think they are effective / I think they are ineffective / I think they are not always effective / they are not sufficient: people who already smoke can find it hard to stop / some people still believe they can smoke from time to time and never be ill / some people like smoking and don’t want to quit. 3/ Yes, I think it should, because it can be a way of limiting the number of smokers / it can protect non-smokers from second-hand smoke. No, I think it shouldn’t / it’s not the government’s role. I think smokers should be given the freedom to smoke if they want to, and should be allowed to smoke everywhere.

Writing # p. 28 → An informal email 1. Before you writePossible answers 1/ This student’s behaviour may change. For example, he / she may ignore his other friends or stop talking to them. He / She’s also likely to be more aggressive / irritable and selfish. He / She may withdraw from organisations or associations he / she belonged to, and drop out of school or become uninterested in studies. 2/ This friend can appear to be tired or sick all the time. He / She may appear unhealthy / absent-minded / dazed / restless / bad-tempered. He / She may start daydreaming more than usual and change the way he / she talks to his / her friends. 3/ This person may seem exhausted / constantly out of breath / depressed. He / She may have trouble concentrating and listening to other

people. He / She may become inactive and spend a lot of time sleeping during the day.

2. Answers B and C

3. 1/ The style is informal.2/ Pamela starts with ‘Dear Zohra’, and ends with ‘Love’ and her signature. 3/ Paragraph 2 describes the consequences. 4/ Pamela asks for advice in paragraph 3. 5/ Paragraph 1 states the problem.

4. 1/ The adverbs come before adjectives.2/ The strongest is ‘extremely’. 3/ The weakest is ‘very’.

6. Writing taskPossible answer (116 words) Dear Joseph, I really need your advice. I’m quite worried about my friend Daniel. He’s made friends with a group of boys who have a very bad influence on him. They hang out in bars together almost every night, smoking and drinking a lot of alcohol. Daniel used to really like school and say he wanted to study medicine, but now he never does his homework anymore and his results are getting very bad. He’s always looking exhausted and is extremely irritable. What’s more, he says he doesn’t care about studying anymore. What do you suggest I do? Should I tell his parents, or talk to a teacher about it? Write soon, Bye for now, Samuel

Check Unit 2 # p. 29-30 1. 1/ malaria2/ diabetes 3/ tuberculosis 4/ conjunctivitis

2. 1/ antibiotics – infection2/ heart attack 3/ vomiting – diarrhoea 4/ injection 5/ allergies 6/ vaccine

3. 1/ put on weight: b2/ take up: a 3/ give up: e 4/ stick with: f 5/ cut out: c 6/ work out: d


4. 1/ putting on – take up2/ work out 3/ stick with 4/ cut out

5. 1/ rebelled2/ rebels 3/ recorded 4/ record 5/ deserted 6/ desert 7/ close 8/ close

6. 1/ Azim and Ebrimat were having fun in the parkand riding bikes. 2/ My parents were sitting on a bench and watching children. 3/ The President was making a speech about social problems. 4/ Mr Fachola was driving his car to the village. 5/ Mrs Fachola was shopping for food at the market.

7. Possible answerThis time yesterday my family and I were at different places and were doing different things. I was at school and I was listening to the English teacher. My father was at work and he was helping a customer repair his car. My mother was at the health centre, she was buying medicine for my little brother. My sister was at home, she was studying for her university exams.

8. 1/ They migrated to the States after they hadsold their house. 2/ They had lived in that country for twenty years when war broke out.

3/ He got home after a burglar had broken into his house. / A burglar had broken into his house before he got home. 4/ They decided to watch a movie after they had finished eating dinner. / They had finished eating dinner when they decided to watch a movie. 5/ The 10.30 train (had) left for Ouagadougou when he arrived at the train station. / He arrived at the train station after the 10.30 train had left for Ouagadougou.

9. 1/ The family used to live in a slum, but nowthey live in one of the nicest and most beautiful houses in the city. 2/ The kids used to go to school on foot, but now they drive to school. 3/ Mrs Adamon used to cook food and do all the domestic chores, but now a maid does everything. 4/ Mr Adamon used to borrow money from neighbours, but now he runs a microcredit project and he lends money to poor women. 5/ The Adamons didn’t use to travel, but now they are globetrotters and visit every part of the world.

10. Possible answersA: I’m putting on a lot of weight these days. What should I do? B: Do you exercise regularly? A: No, I mostly watch TV when I’m at home. B: Well, I think you should start walking every day, it could help. You should also watch your diet.

A: I’m having trouble concentrating in class. What do you think I should do? B: Do you sleep enough at night? A: Not really. I go to bed late and I’m always tired. B: Try going to bed earlier, I’m sure it will help. And don’t forget to have breakfast in the morning.


Unit 3 - Technology

Lead in # p. 33 1. Possible answersOn the picture on the left, a teenage girl is taking a picture of a landscape – a river or a lake with mountains in the background – with her mobile phone. On the second picture, three teenage girls are looking at their mobile phones, probably sending text messages. Mobile phones have changed people’s lifestyle. Many people keep their phone constantly with them and use it very often, to call, to listen to music, to send text messages or to take pictures for example. They couldn’t imagine their lives without a mobile phone.

Vocabulary # p. 33 2. charger = chargeur – icon = icône – battery =batterie – calculator = calculatrice – SIM card = carte SIM

3. airtime – download – landline – ringtone –handset – network – text message – keypad – password – SIM card – touch screen

4. 1/ password2/ ringtone 3/ keypad 4/ airtime 5/ text message 6/ handset 7/ landlines 8/ download

5. SpeakingPossible answers 1/ I know a lot of people who have a mobile phone. / Almost all my friends have one. I don’t know many people who have a mobile phone. / Only a few people I know have a mobile phone. 2/ My friends / I use it to send text messages, to chat with friends, to check the time, to call, to take pictures, to listen to music, to play games... My father / mother uses it to check emails / to pay bills / to check the weather forecast / to check the train schedule / to contact clients / to look for a job...

3/ They use it from time to time / when they need it / on a regular basis / every day / once or twice a day / several times a day / very often / all the time...

Reading # p. 34 1. Before you readPossible answers 1/ I agree with this statement. I think landlines will disappear because people won’t need them anymore: everyone will have a mobile phone. I don’t agree: I think some people will always keep their landlines even if they also have mobile phones. 2/ I agree. Some scientists think that radiation produced by mobile phones could be dangerous for people who use them excessively. I don’t agree. I don’t think the radiation could be powerful enough to cause diseases. 3/ I agree. In my opinion, some phones are really too expensive. People spend a lot of money on phones and on airtime but many could do without a phone. / don’t really need a phone. I don’t agree. Some phones are not too expensive, and they can be really useful to communicate, especially for people who don’t have landlines.

2. business people – farmers – workers

3. 1C – 2B – 3C – 4A – 5D

4. 1/ uprisings2/ rely on 3/ forecasts 4/ exploded 5/ lends 6/ dwellers

5. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ Having a mobile phone enables you to communicate faster and more efficiently. / The main advantages of having a mobile phone are that you can use it to... and... / it can enable you to... It can be used in places with no landlines, and it can be used by business people as well as teenagers. It’s easy to use and it’s quick.


2/ With a smartphone, you can have access to the Internet and go online, so for example you can receive and send emails, or watch television. This means that people have access to a lot of information very easily and very quickly. I think smartphones could / may replace computers one day. 3/ Mobile phones can become very addictive. Some people never leave their phone and cannot stay away from it, even for 5 minutes. They don’t turn it off at night and it can affect their sleep. What’s more / Besides, looking at the screen all day long can be bad for your eyes. The obsession with mobile phones can also create a lack of direct communication between people. 4/ If I had a smartphone, I would use it to... / I use my smartphone to...

Vocabulary extension # p. 35 → Verbs + prepositions 6. belong to – rely on – respond to – chat with –benefit from

7. 1/ with2/ from 3/ to 4/ about 5/ on 6/ for

8. WritingPossible answers This bag belongs to my cousin. They didn’t respond to his request. I spend hours chatting with my best friend. Everyone will benefit from the new hospital. I don’t always agree with my parents. My sister suffered from malaria last year. My brother keeps complaining to my parents. I always worry about tests. The government should spend more on education. You should apologise for being rude.

Grammar # p. 36 → Present perfect 1. Rule: aExamples of the present perfect in the text: has exploded – has changed – has spread – have now become – has already started – have played – have made it possible – has benefited – has already become – Has it changed – has changed – ’ve just downloaded – haven’t tried

2. 1/ have bought2/ have seen

3/ hasn’t done / has not done 4/ has won 5/ hasn’t washed / has not washed 6/ haven’t eaten / have not eaten

3. a/ already and justb/ ever and yet c/ yet, still and never

4. 1/ has already visited2/ hasn’t met – yet 3/ Have you learnt / learned – yet 4/ have just arrived 5/ Have you ever eaten 6/ still haven’t written

5. 1/Have you learnt / learned all the irregularverbs yet? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 2/ Have you ever swum in the sea? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 3/ Has your friend ever broken his arm? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. 4/ Has your teacher met your parents yet? No, he hasn’t. / Yes, he has.

6. SpeakingPossible answers 1/ Have you already taken part in an exam? Yes, a few times. 2/ Have you ever sent a text message or an email? Yes, a lot of times. 3/ Have you ever used a smartphone to go online? Yes, twice. 4/ Have you already had bad marks in a test? Yes, occasionally. 5/ Have you ever sung in a choir? No, never. 6/ Have you been to the dentist’s? Yes, a few times.

Communication # p. 37 → Checking information 1. 1/ aren’t you?2/ don’t you? 3/ have you? 4/ didn’t you? 5/ were you? 6/ are you? 7/ won’t you?

4. 1/aren’t you?2/ do you? 3/ have you? 4/ didn’t you? 5/ haven’t you? 6/ aren’t you?


5. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use You are ... (years old), aren’t you? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not, I’m... You live in..., don’t you? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t, I live in... Your favourite subject is..., isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. I prefer... / It’s... Your favourite food is..., isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. It’s... You like cooking, don’t you? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. You enjoy..., don’t you? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. I prefer... You’re fond of..., aren’t you? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m fond of... You want to become a..., don’t you? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. I want to become a... In 10 years, you will be / have..., won’t you? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t. I will be / have...

Reading # p. 38 1. Before you readPossible answers The people in the picture are standing on a stage and sending text messages. They are taking part in an American texting championship. The language used in text messages is special because the words are generally not written out in full. Text messages use a lot of abbreviations, initials or symbols. I think (that) people who text a lot are not used to writing complete words anymore. They are more likely to do a lot of spelling mistakes when they have to write at school for example. / I don’t think (that) texting affects writing skills negatively. People just use a different language when they send text messages. / In my opinion, texting affects writing skills positively, because people get used to writing all the time.

2. A3 – B5 – C2 – E4 – F1

3. 1B2A 3B and C 4A 5A

4. 1/ tech-savvy2/ launched 3/ damages 4/ keep in touch 5/ overtaken 6/ literacy

5. DiscussionPossible answers give a call – check your emails – go online – take pictures – take videos – watch TV – listen to music – listen to the radio – download music – downloadgames – play games – record yourself – check your location...

6. Play a game1/ Fine and you? 2/ Don’t be late! 3/ Hi, how are you today? 4/ Great, can I see you tonight? 5/ Ok, see you at 7.30. 6/ Hi John. Order of the conversation: 6 – 3 – 1 – 4 – 5 – 2

Vocabulary extension # p. 39 → Adjectives + prepositions 7. 1/ popular with (paragraph 3)2/ fluent at (paragraph 4) 3/ concerned about (paragraph 4)

8. 1/ in2/ with 3/ about 4/ of 5/ to 6/ of

Pronunciation # p. 39 → /həv/ and /hv/ 9. Dialogue 1: /hv/ – /hv/ – /həv/Dialogue 2: /hv/ – /hv/ Dialogue 3: /həv/ – /hv/ – /hv/

Grammar # p. 40 → Present perfect + for and since 1. Rulesa/ for b/ since

2. For: three weeks – a long time – ages – tenyears. More examples: two months – thirty seconds – the school year... Since: July – Christmas – 2010. More examples: last month – I arrived – Monday...

3. 1/ since2/ Have 3/ for 4/ How long 5/ since 6/ for


→ Present perfect and past simple 4. a/ Sentence 2. The tense is past simple.b/ Sentence 1. The tense is present perfect.

5. 1/ flew2/ have already done 3/ have visited 4/ have been 5/ haven’t visited any museums yet 6/ saw 7/ have just eaten 8/ has gone

Vocabulary # p. 41 1. Lead inPossible answers The people in the picture are watching TV. They are sitting outside, in a courtyard. Scenes like these can be seen in rural areas / in small villages / in remote villages where people don’t have TV sets at home, and where a TV set is used by a whole community / by different families from the same community. In big towns, a lot of people have their own TV set at home, so each family watches TV individually. Communities don’t have to meet to watch TV.

2. 1/ channels2/ adverts 3/ aerials – satellite dishes 4/ broadcast 5/ reception 6/ flat screen TV

3. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ There are both state-owned and private TV channels in my country. 2/ There are many annoying adverts which interrupt programmes on the TV channel we watch / on the private TV channels. 3/ Most houses still have ugly aerials in my town, because only a few people have satellite dishes. 4/ The TV channels I watch broadcast all over Africa / the country. 5/ The reception in my village is very good because we have a strong signal. / The reception is not always good: it depends on the quality of the signal. 6/ We just bought a new flat screen TV set and got rid of our old-fashioned TV. / We would like to buy a flat screen TV set but we can’t afford it for the moment.

Listening # p. 41 4. Before you listenPossible answers and expressions to use I watch television several times a day / very often / every evening / almost every day / occasionally / from time to time / when there is an interesting show or programme / when I’m interested in the programme... My favourite programmes are..., but I also like watching... or... I never miss..., I love it! / Every... at..., I watch...

5. 1/ Nigeria2/ first 3/ public 4/ two 5/ couldn’t 6/ many 7/ satellite dishes

6. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ The first time I watched TV, it was with... and... / I was at home / I was... years old. I remember that the first programme I watched was... / I don’t really remember the first time I watched TV. 2/ When I was young, TV was... / the programmes were... / the adverts were... / there were a lot of programmes about... 3/ Today, TV is more... / the programmes are more... The programmes have changed and are... / The programmes used to be about... and now they are more about... I think the programmes are more interesting / are less interesting / haven’t changed so much since I was a child. A big difference is that now, TV channels broadcast 24 hours a day. There are more channels / more adverts for... The reception is better today because... The quality of the images is much better / has improved since I was a child. Besides / What’s more, the TV screens are much thinner than when I was a child.

Writing # p. 42 → An informal letter 1. Before you writePossible answers If my family had moved to another country, I think I would find it difficult at first to adapt to the new country, to my new school, and to make new friends. I would miss my friends / my village / my town / my school / my neighbours / my community / my relatives / my grandparents / my cousins...


2. 1/ Christine is in Ivory Coast, in Dabou, andRoger is in Benin, in Parakou. 2/ They know each other because Christine used to live in Parakou. 3/ The question Christine is answering is probably: ‘Are you happy in Dabou now?’ / ‘Did you get used to living in Dabou?’ / ‘Do you enjoy it better in Dabou now?’ 4/ Christine misses her relatives.

3. Starting a letter: Hi! – How are things? – Howare you? – It was great / lovely to hear from you. – Thanks for your letter. I’m sorry I haven’t written for ages. Ending a letter: Bye – Write back soon – All the best, – Bye for now – Love – Take care – That’s all for now – Say hello to...

4. Questions in the letter : ‘Have you seen it?’ –‘Has TV changed much since I left?’ – ‘Are there any English-speaking channels?’ – ‘What’s your favourite TV programme?’ Three questions (possible answers): How is your family doing? – Do you still play football / basketball? – Are you still learning the guitar? – Are you still fond of rock music / swimming / animals / old movies? – Are you still friends with... and... ?

6. Writing taskPossible answer (145 words) Friday 15th April, Parakou Dear Christine, Thanks for your letter. I’m glad to learn that you have made new friends in Dabou. Here everything is fine, I’ve joined the theatre club this year and I really enjoy it. Peter is also part of it, you probably remember him from primary school, the boy who was always laughing! As for Rachel, she has moved to Porto-Novo with her parents, and she invited me to come visit her next month. I can’t wait to go! You asked if I have seen Questions pour un champion. Yes, a few times, and I also like it. But I prefer watching series; my favourite series is Emergency Room. Have you seen it? TV here hasn’t changed much since you left, except now we can watch some English-speaking channels. Do you know when you’re coming home? Maybe for Christmas? Write again soon, Take care, Roger.

Check Unit 3 # p. 43-44 1. 1/ smartphone2/ airtime 3/ keypad 4/ landline 5/ ringtone 6/ app 7/ password 8/ network

2. youth culture – mobile phone – weatherforecast – touch screen – satellite dish – social network – text message – TV channel – SIM card

3. 1/ satellite dish2/ mobile phone 3/ text message 4/ SIM card 5/ social network 6/ touch screen

4. 1/ at2/ of – on 3/ in 4/ about 5/ to 6/ of

5. 1/ a. I have visited Douala.b. I haven’t visited Douala.2/ a. I have (already) had this. c. Have you (ever) had this?3/ b. He hasn’t been / has never been top of his class. c. Has he (ever) been top of his class?4/ a. She has bought a new dress. b. She hasn’t bought a (new) dress.5/ a. They have sung the national anthem. c. Have they sung the national anthem?6/ b. The train hasn’t left the station (yet). c. Has the train left the station (yet)?7/ a. They have found their dog. c. Have they found their dog?

6. 1/ Has Mr Aballo travelled abroad? Yes, he has.2/ Has Mrs Aballo used a smartphone? No, she hasn’t. 3/ Has Larissa sent text messages? Yes, she has. 4/ Have Flora and Romeo driven their parents’ car? Yes, they have. 5/ Have you eaten in a Chinese restaurant? Yes, I have. 6/ Have your parents met the President? No, they haven’t.


7. 1/ Mr Aballo has travelled abroad several times.2/ Mrs Aballo has never used a smartphone. 3/ Larissa has sent text messages once or twice. 4/ Flora and Romea have driven their parents’ car a couple of times. 5/ You have often eaten in a Chinese restaurant. 6/ They have never met the President.

8. 1/ have – waited2/ have been 3/ Has – left 4/ has – left

5/ left 6/ Has – left 7/ hasn’t left 8/ leaves

9. 1/ How long2/ for 3/ in 4/ ago 5/ since 6/ ever 7/ never


Unit 4 - Looking forward

Lead in # p. 45 1. Possible answerThe first picture shows a whole field covered with solar panels, a device that uses solar energy. The picture on the right shows an offshore oil rig. Solar energy is clean, because the production and consumption of this type of energy is done without emitting any greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. Oil, on the contrary, isn’t a clean energy.

Vocabulary # p. 45→ Energy2. To check the meaning of the words, students canuse a dictionary or refer to the Wordlist at the end of their Student’s book (pages 158-160).

Clean energy sources: solar – wind – biofuel (the consumption is clean, but not the production) – nuclear (except for the production of waste) – geothermal – hydroelectric

3. 1/ nuclear2/ Coal 3/ firewood 4/ Hydroelectric energy 5/ Solar 6/ Biofuel 7/ gas 8/ Geothermal

4. wind turbinesolar panel hydroelectric dam oil refinery nuclear waste

5. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ For cooking, I use firewood / gas / electricity / solar energy / biofuel, and for lighting I use electricity / solar energy / oil... 2/ At my school, electricity is produced thanks to / with / through gas / coal / hydroelectric energy / wind power / generators using oil... 3/ Nuclear energy, coal, gas and oil are fossil fuels.

Reading # p. 46 1. Before you readPossible answer The picture shows renewable energy produced from organic matter with a biogas digester. Organic matter – animal dung and human sewage – is put into a digester which turns it into gas. Thegas can then be used for cooking for example.

2. Answer 2

3. career = carrière – decision = décision – sectors =secteurs – future = futur – technologies = technologies – energies = énergies – solar = solaire – sources = sources – article = article – region =région – gas = gaz – simple = simple – transforms = transforme – animal = animal – human = humain – methan = méthane – carbon dioxide = dioxyde de carbone – organic = organique – industrial = industriel – projects = projets – suggestions = suggestions

4. 1/ human sewage2/ other organic matter 3/ affordable 4/ helps people save money 5/ methane

5. True sentences: sentence 1 (paragraph 2, ‘therewill be plenty of jobs in renewable energies’) sentence 2 (paragraph 2, ‘Two of my friends are going to study engineering so they can work in solar energy.’) sentence 5 (Cynthia’s comment, ‘How can you consider a career in ANIMAL DUNG!? It’s unimaginable! Yuk!’) sentence 6 (Tonto’s comment, ‘Don’t let Cynthia put you off, Singh.’)

False sentences: sentence 3 (paragraph 4, ‘A biogas digester transforms animal dung... into gas...which is then used for cooking and lighting homes.’ → Biogas can also be a good energy source for homes.) sentence 4 (paragraph 5, ‘I can see a bright future for biogas, and I’d like to get into it. But how? Any suggestions?’ → Singh wants to know how to get into biogas.)


6. 1/ farmers2/ abroad 3/ search engine 4/ affordable 5/ career

Vocabulary extension # p. 47 → Adjectives with suffix -able 7. 1/ renewable2/ affordable 3/ unimaginable

8. 1/ valuable2/ unacceptable 3/ unreasonable 4/ enjoyable 5/ knowledge

9. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ I’m considering a career in... because I think... / I like... / I enjoy doing... and... / I’ve heard it’s... I’m not sure yet / I still don’t know what career I would like to do. 2/ Yes, I think I will continue studying after high school, because to be a... I need to study... / Yes, I would like to go to college / university, if my results are good enough / if I pass my exams / if my parents can afford it. No, I don’t think I will continue studying after high school, I think I will...

10. WritingPossible answer Thanks Singh for sharing the information! I had never heard about biogas before but it sounds great! And I think you’re absolutely right about renewable energies. I wish you good luck with your studies then!

Grammar # p. 48 → Will / won’t; may and might 1. Rules1/ will /won’t 2/ may (might) 3/ might (may)

2. 1/ I think Comlan won’t study engineering atuniversity. / I don’t think Comlan will study engineering at university. 2/ I think the world will be a better place in the future. 3/ I think humans will destroy our planet one day.

4/ I think people won’t live on other planets this century. / I don’t think people will live on other planets this century. 5/ I think oil will disappear by the end of this century. 6/ I think scientists will find a cure for cancer one day.

3. Possible answers1/ Where will you live when you’re older? → I will / may live in... 2/ How many children will you have? → I think I will have... children. / I many have ... or ... children. / I don’t think I will have children. / I think I won’t have children. 3/ What job will you do when you’re older? → I think I will be a... / I will work as a... / I would like to work in a ... / I may / might be a... or a ... / I don’t know what I will do yet. 4/ When will you leave home? → I will / might leave home when I am... / after I... / I won’t leave home before... 5/ Will you write a book one day? → Yes, I will write a book! / Yes, I hope I will. / I may / might write a book. / I don’t think I will ever write a book. / No, I won’t. I don’t want to be a writer.

4. See exercise 3 for possible answers.

→ First conditional 5. 1/ take = present simple – ’ll learn = future2/ won’t pollute = future – install = present simple We use a comma when the if-clause comes first.

6. 1/ I will not / won’t go to university if I fail myexams. 2/ If you arrive late, you will miss the bus. 3/ If you install a biogas generator, you will not / won’t have to buy kerosene. 4/ We will protect the environment if we use clean energy.

7. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers 1/ If I finish my homework early, I will help my sister with her homework / play games / call a friend / listen to music... 2/ If my mum doesn’t feel well, I will stay at home to help her / tell my grandmother / call my dad / call a doctor / go with her to the health centre / make her rest... 3/ If a famous person comes to town, I will go see him or her with a friend / take a picture of him or her / stay at home and watch it on TV... 4/ If I have time this evening, I will watch TV / listen to music / call my best friend / clean up my room...


Communication # p. 49 → Making travel arrangements 1. 1/ When’s2/ leaves 3/ What time 4/ How much 5/ Can 6/ How long 7/ Could

4. 1/ Bouaké – 11 am – 3 pm – 5,000 francs2/ Ngoundere – 5.45 pm – 6 am – 28,000 francs 3/ Tong – when the bus is full – 6 to 8 hours after departure – 4,000 francs

5. WritingPossible answer A How can I help you, Madam? B Could you tell me when the next bus to ... is? A The next one leaves at ... am / pm. B How long does it take? A It takes about... hours, depending on the traffic. B And how much is a ticket? A It costs ... francs. B I’ll take a return ticket, please. A Thank you. Here you are. And here’s your change.

Reading # p. 50 1. Before you readPossible answer The story seems to take place / probably takes place in the future / in a distant future / in a science fiction world. It takes place in space, on another planet.

2. Sola Kovak, Lennox’s daugther, is a famousexplorer, a space captain. Vortex is a small planet in the universe where space adventurers live. It is the last planet in the Solar System, a six-month-journey away from the Earth.

3. 1/ adventurer2/ medicine 3/ father 4/ planet 5/ daughter 6/ explorer 7/ arrives 8/ Earth 9/ spaceship

4. 1/ lands on – boarding2/ disembarks

3/ heading 4/ takes off – lifting off 5/ checked out

5. WritingPossible answer Receptionist Could I help you, Sir? Dr Kovak Yes, please. I’d like to take the next flight to Earth. Could you tell me when it leaves? Receptionist Well, there’s only one flight to Earth every day. The next spaceship leaves tomorrow at 5 pm. You’ll be on Earth by the end of May. Dr Kovak That’s fine. Can I have a ticket, please? Receptionist Sure. Do you want a return ticket? Dr Kovak No, just a single ticket, please. Receptionist That’s 300 space dollars. Dr Kovak Here you are. Receptionist Thank you, Sir. Here’s your ticket. I hope you enjoy the flight!

Vocabulary extension # p. 51 → Suffixes –ist, -er, -or 6. 1/ receptionist2/ doctor 3/ explorer 4/ adventurer 5/ manager

7. Possible answers-ist: archaeologist – dentist – journalist – scientist... -er: teacher – farmer – lawyer – butcher – baker – singer – taxi driver – hairdresser – writer – plumber – gardener – miner – painter...-or: actor / actress – sailor – tailor – aviator... other suffixes: astronaut – architect – shop assistant – cook – nurse – electrician – engineer – mechanic – pilot – secretary – vet – businessman / businesswoman – policeman / policewoman – fireman / firewoman – salesman / saleswoman...

Grammar # p. 52 → Be going to 1. Rule: explain plans and intentions

2. 1/ The students are going to / aren’t going torevise irregular verbs at the weekend. 2/ You and your parents are going to / aren’t going to (go to) church on Sunday. 3/ You are going to / aren’t going to visit my grandparents tomorrow. 4/ Ngono is going to / isn’t going to work harder next year. 5/ Oscar is going to / isn’t going to cook dinner tonight. 6/ I’m going to /’m not going to get married when I’m older.


3. Possible answers1/ Are the students going to revise irregular verbs at the weekend? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. They’re going to play football / watch television / play games... 2/ Are you and your parents going to (go to) church on Sunday? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. We are going to stay at home / have lunch with my grandparents / visit my cousins... 3/ Are you going to visit my grandparents tomorrow? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m going to visit them on Saturday / I’m going to help my parents / to babysit... 4/ Is Ngono going to work harder next year? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. 5/ Is Oscar going to cook dinner tonight? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. He’s going to his football practise / My sister is going to cook / My mother is going to do the cooking... 6/ Are you going to get married when you’re older? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m going to stay single / I don’t want to get married.

→ Will and going to 4. 1/ b2/ d 3/ a 4/ c

5. 1/ ’ll be2/ ’s going to work 3/ ’re meeting 4/ ’ll come 5/ Will you lend

6. 1/ are going to play2/ will win 3/ Will you come 4/ will celebrate

7. WritingPossible answers Predictions: People will use only renewable energies in a few decades. / New planets will be discovered one day. / In twenty years, there will be no landlines anymore. / Scientists will discover a cure for every disease one day. Plans or intentions: I’m going to travel to Britain this summer. / I’m going to meet my best friend this weekend. / My parents are going to move to Bamako next year. / I’m going to study engineering at university if I pass all the exams.

Vocabulary # p. 53 1. Lead inPossible answer The graph illustrates the rapid increase of world population / the overpopulation that is predicted to happen in the next decades.

1/ 4,000 2/ 1800 3/ 20th 4/ 7.2 5/ 9.2 6/ 2075

2. SpeakingAnswers may vary and are left to the judgment of each student.

Listening # p. 53 3. 1/ pessimistic2/ pessimistic 3/ optimistic

4. 1/ India – overpopulation – 1.40 – poverty2/ Bamako / Mali – lack of water / access to water – climate change – famines3/ Sao Paulo / Brazil – energy / energy crisis – alternative energy – climate change

5. SpeakingPossible expressions to use I agree with Padma / John / Lucas / speaker n°... Like him / her, I think / believe ... will be the most serious problem in the future, because... I don’t agree with... In my opinion, the most serious problem will be ..., not ..., because... / In my country, the situation is different, and the most serious problem will be..., because...

Writing # p. 54 → An article 1. Before you writePossible answers health: more vaccines / less diseases / longer life expectancy / better healthcare / still inequal access to healthcare... education: less illiteracy / higher literacy rate / more schools / more universities / better access to education / less unemployment / more unemployment...


energy: crisis / shortage of fossil fuels / development of renewable energies / increase in energy prices / development of biofuel... transport: shortage in oil / increase in oil prices / less cars / more collective transports / faster trains and planes / more electric cars and buses... space: development of space travel / more spaceships / discovery of new planets / emigration to other planets... population: overpopulation / increase of population density in cities / more and more rural exodus / increase in immigration / decrease in immigration ... environment: a lot of species disappear / more pollution / better awareness / new strategies to protect nature / new laws...

2. Possible answerThe writer seems to be an optimist. / On the whole, the writer is an optimist.

3. 1/ b2/ Topic sentence in paragraph 2: ‘The 21st century will probably be a difficult time.’ → There will be a lot of serious problems in the 21st century. / People will have to face serious problems during the 21st century. Topic sentence in paragraph 3: ‘Things will start to improve from 2100.’ → From 2100, the situation will get better. / Starting from 2100, things / life will get easier. 3/ Paragraph 2: shortage of oil and gas – difficulties in transport and industry – overpopulation: 9 billion people in 2050 – wars for water and food Paragraph 3: development of solar and wind power – less pollution – space travel – life on other planets 4/ Paragraph 2 presents only negative details.

5. Writing taskPossible answer (134 words) In my opinion, life in 2200 will be far from perfect. Some aspects of it will be better than what it is today, but there will still be serious difficulties. I think energy won’t be a problem anymore in the 23rd century. The energy crisis will be over because people will be using only renewable energy sources. That means there will also be less pollution. But I believe there will still be a lot of poverty and inequality in the world. Access to efficient healthcare services as well as higher education will still be an issue for the poorest populations, and inequalities will continue to grow.

On the whole, I am more pessimistic than optimistic about the future, even if I am sure that some aspects of life will have improved in 2200.

Check Unit 4 # p. 55-56 1. 1/ the sun2/ organic matter 3/ water 4/ radioactivity 5/ the wind

2. solar panel – coal mine – oil refinery –hydroelectric dam – fossil fuel – renewable energy

3. 1/ fossil2/ farms 3/ biogas 4/ panels 5/ dam 6/ energy

4. 1/ leaves2/ ’re going to 3/ will 4/ might 5/ will 6/ will

5. 1/ will you fix2/ ’m going to work 3/ will help 4/ will get 5/ is going to design 6/ will produce 7/ will explain 8/ will lend

6. 1/ may be / might be2/ will 3/ will train 4/ ’m going to visit 5/ may / might 6/ Will she be able 7/ will 8/ are you going to do 9/ may visit / might visit 10/ will go

7. 1/ e2/ f 3/ b 4/ c 5/ d 6/ a


8. Possible answerDear Nadia, How are you? I finally booked my tickets for next week. I’m leaving on Saturday morning at 9 and will be in

Yamoussoukro around 1 pm. I hope the bus won’t be late! I can’t wait to see you! Take care, Cathy


Unit 5 - Gender and education

Lead in # p. 59 1. Possible answersLiteracy is the ability to read and write. Illiteracy, on the contrary, is the inability to read and write. Countries where the problem of illiteracy is the most serious: Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, South Sudan and Afghanistan. Countries where the literacy rate is the highest: Canada, the United States of America, Cuba, Guyana, French Guiana, Argentina, Uruguay, the 28 countries in the European Union (except Portugal), Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Japan, South Korea, Equatorial Guinea, South Africa, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand.

Vocabulary # p. 59→ Problems and solutions2. Students can use a dictionary or the Wordlist atthe end of their book (pages 158-160).

3. True statements: 2 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 8False statements: 1 – 3 – 7 – 9

4. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ The rate of literacy in my country is between ... and ... percent / is inferior to 35 percent. 2/ The African countries with the lowest literacy rates are Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and South Sudan. The African countries with the highest literacy rates are Equatorial Guinea and South Africa. 3/ I think the causes of illiteracy are... / I think illiteracy can be caused by a lack of education / a lack of schools / poverty / ill-health / child marriage / child labour... 4/ We can reduce illiteracy by... / To reduce illiteracy, we can build more schools / reduce poverty / organise campaigns to raise awareness / fight against child marriage and child labour / encourage parents to send their children to school...

Reading # p. 60 1. Before you readPossible answers The first quotation suggests that children’s education is the only powerful and efficient tool

likely to improve the world. / that the world can be changed only thanks to children’s education. The second quotation means that girls’ education has more long-term consequences / is more powerful / is more important for the society as a whole than boys’ education. The third quotation suggests that people who have been educated are less likely to end up in prison / to become delinquents / to break the law.

2. The second quotation best summarises the text.Possible titles: Girls’ education / Girls and education / Gender discrimination in education / Educating girls

3. Possible answers1/ It is still a problem in sub-Saharan Africa. 2/ It is expensive because families often have to pay school fees and buy uniforms and textbooks. 3/ Some poor families educate only boys because they can’t afford to pay for all their children. They favour boys’ education because they believe a woman’s place is at home, and they don’t see much value in educating girls. They think it’s a waste of money to educate a girl. 4/ Ethiopia increased the number of girls going to school by abolishing school fees. / when it abolished school fees. 5/ Girls are exposed to harassment when they have to walk long distances to school in rural areas, and when there are no separate toilets for girls at school. 6/ Traditional ideas encourage girls to stay at home, do the housework and get married very young, instead of going to school to be educated. 7/ Measures such as the abolition of school fees and the abolition of child marriage are helping to improve gender equality in education.

4. 1/ ‘gender discrimination in education is stillrelatively high’ 2/ ‘many poor families’ 3/ ‘some schools do not have any toilets that are specifically for girls’ 4/ ‘some cultures’ 5/ ‘countries’

5. Examples of words in the text which are similarin French and English: development = développement – communities = communautés –


society = société – entrepreneurs = entrepreneurs – mortality = mortalité – economic = économique –discrimination = discrimination – sub-Saharan = subsaharienne – poverty = pauvreté – environment = environnement – attitudes = attitudes – roles = roles – families = familles – uniforms = uniformes – rural = rural – problem = problème – toilets = toilettes – traditional = traditionnel – marginalising = marginaliser – cultures = cultures – marriage = mariage – difference = différence

6. 1/ fees2/ assaults 3/ legislating 4/ enrolment 5/ attendance 6/ means

7. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ No, I don’t know any girl who left school young. / Yes, I know many / some girls who left school young. They couldn’t continue their education because they were getting married / they had too much housework to do / their parents couldn’t pay the school fees / the school was too far from their house... 2/ My school is very / quite / not really girl-friendly, because... / My school is very unfriendly for girls, because there are... / there are no... 3/ To improve girls’ education, I think my school could abolish school fees (for girls) / build separate toilets for girls / hire more female teachers / encourage parents to educate all their children, boys and girls... I think the government should abolish child marriage / organise campaigns to raise parents’ awareness about the importance of educating both boys and girls...

Vocabulary extension # p. 61 → Adverbs 8. Modify verbs: widely – considerably – rapidly –greatly – actively Modify adjectives: relatively – especially

9. 1/ considerably2/ smartly 3/ happily 4/ actively 5/ regularly 6/ greatly

10. Possible answersMy friend plays the flute exceptionally well. You are absolutely right about girls’ education. I did badly at the test.

I don’t feel too well today. You will find my house easily; it is right in front of the bus stop. The situation is gradually improving. They have been happily married for 10 years. You should really try to work harder. He kindly invited me to come with him. She is amazingly good at singing.

Pronunciation # p. 61 → Syllable patterns 11. Oo: really – kindlyOoo: happily – gradually – easily Oooo: absolutely oOoo: amazingly oOooo: exceptionally

Grammar # p. 62 → Some and any 1. We use any in questions and negativesentences.

2. 1/ any2/ some 3/ any 4/ some 5/ any 6/ any

→ Countable and uncountable nouns with much, many, a lot of, (a) little, (a) few 3. Countable nouns: areas – countries – girlsUncountable nouns: time – interest – time

Rules: uncountable – countable

4. Countable nouns: energy / energies – person /persons – school / schools – student / students Uncountable nouns: danger (‘danger’ may also be countable, when it refers to a specific risk) – homework – information – time (‘time’ may also be countable, when it means ‘a moment, an occasion’) – work More countable nouns: house / houses – car / cars – society / societies – girl / girls – boy / boys...More uncountable nouns: food – tea – coffee – winter – summer – freedom – music – health – money...

5. 1/ many2/ a lot of 3/ many 4/ A few


5/ much 6/ much 7/ a lot of 8/ little 9/ many 10/ a lot of

6. WritingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ In my school, there are ... students. 2/ In my classes, there are ... students. / In my school, there are about ... students per class. 3/ There are ... teachers in my school. 4/ Yes, the number of male teachers is more or less equal to that of female teachers. / No, there are (much) more male / female teachers than female / male teachers. 5/ Yes, boys and girls have separate toilets. / No, there are no separate toilets for boys and girls. / boys and girls use the same toilets. 6/ Yes, there are approximately as many girls as boys in my school. / No, there are (much) more boys than girls / girls than boys. / In my school, there are only boys / girls. 7/ In my school, girls have to... / cannot... / are not allowed to... / can be... / Girls don’t face any particular problems in my school.

Possible paragraph: In my school, there are ... students, and ... students per class. There are ... teachers in total in the school, but there are more male teachers than female teachers. There are also more boys than girls, and there are no separate toilets for girls. This causes problems for girls, who sometimes suffer from harassment when the toilets are not supervised.

Communication # p. 63 → Making deductions 1. 1/ may2/ hasn’t 3/ must 4/ haven’t 5/ could 6/ can’t 7/ must 8/ might

4. 1/ glasses2/ bathroom 3/ crying 4/ possible 5/ 6 pm 6/ got home early

5. WritingPossible answers 1/ You must have taken my phone. / You must have left my phone somewhere. / You must have forgotten to give it back to me. / My phone can’t have disappeared! 2/ Dad may / might / could have missed the bus / have missed the train / be delayed because of the traffic / be late because of a client / have lost his car keys / have had an accident / have got his bike stolen... / Dad can’t be far from home. / Dad must be on the way home. 3/ He may / might / could have missed the bus / have missed the train / be ill. / He must be on the way. / He can’t have forgotten the match.

6. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers Situation 1 A I can’t find my mobile phone. Have you seen it? B No, I haven’t. But it must be somewhere in your room. A I have checked there, it isn’t. B Well, you might have left it at your friend’s house yesterday. A You may be right, I’ll call her.

Situation 2 A Mum, it’s getting late, what do you think Dad is doing? B Well, he may have been delayed talking to a client. A You’re right, I think he had an important meeting this afternoon. B But he might also just have missed his train one more time! A In that case, he must still be waiting for the next train.

Situation 3 A I wonder what David is doing. He can’t have forgotten the match! B He may have missed the bus. A Do you think he might be ill? B I don’t think so, he was fine this morning. A Well, he must be on his way then!

Reading # p. 64 1. Before you readPossible answer The woman in the photo is voting; she’s casting her ballot paper in a ballot box.

2. A2 – D3 – E1

3. True sentences: 3 and 4


False sentences: 1 (section 1 → Nina Muller is from Austria.) – 2 (section 1 → You can vote when you’re 21 in Cameroon.) – 5 (section 3 → A quarter of French two-year-olds go to school.) – 6 (section 3 → Tanzanian children can’t leave school until they are 13.)

4. 1/ Argentina2/ Brazil 3/ Japan 4/ Cameroon 5/ Ivory Coast 6/ Scotland 7/ England 8/ France 9/ Israel 10/ Germany 11/ Morocco 12/ Tanzania

5. 1/ Voting is compulsory in Australia, Argentinaand Belgium. In those countries, taking part in elections is considered to be a citizen’s duty. 2/ In Yemen, there is no minimum age for marriage. 3/ As a consequence, many girls are forced to marry very young and suffer a lot, both physically and emotionally. 4/ In a majority of countries, the school-leaving age is 16. 5/ Children have to stay at school until they’re 18 in Israel and Germany.

6. 1/ duty2/ consent 3/ compulsory 4/ lower 5/ sanctions

7. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ In our country, we / you must be ... (years old) to vote in a national election. 2/ Yes, it is. / No, it’s not. 3/ The minimum age to get married is ... (years old). / You cannot get married under the age of ... / There is no minimum age to get married. 4/ Children have to start school at ... (years old) / when they are ... 5/ Children can leave school when they are ... (years old). / The legal school-leaving age is...

Vocabulary extension # p. 65 → Adjectives with suffix -al 8. 1/ emotional2/ physical 3/ parental 4/ national

More adjectives with -al: exceptional – physical – classical – geographical – historical – hysterical

9. 1/ logical2/ personal 3/ global 4/ regional 5/ musical 6/ original

10. WritingPossible answer In my country, we can vote in national elections when we are ... years old, but voting is not compulsory. The minimum age to get married is ... Children have to start school at ... and cannot leave school before the age of ...

Grammar # p. 66 → Have to, must and should 1. Rules1/ have to 2/ must / mustn’t 3/ don’t have to 4/ should

2. 1/ have to2/ mustn’t 3/ mustn’t 4/ have to 5/ don’t have to 6/ mustn’t 7/ mustn’t

3. Possible answers (ages will vary depending onthe countries) 1/ have to / must – 18 2/ don’t have to 3/ mustn’t / cannot – 18 4/ have to / must – 6 5/ have to / must – 16

4. Possible answers1/ I have to / must walk to school. 2/ I have to / must study English at school. 3/ I don’t have to cook dinner on school days. 4/ I have to / must study two foreign languages. 5/ I don’t have to do the food shopping. 6/ I don’t have to get up early on Saturdays. 5. Possible answers1/ Teachers shouldn’t hit their students. 2/ The school-leaving age should be 18. 3/ In our school, we mustn’t eat in class. 4/ Older students don’t have to wear a uniform. 5/ In exams, we mustn’t cheat. 6/ When the teacher arrives, we must stand up.


6. WritingPossible answers and expressions to use You have to turn off your mobile phone in the classroom, stand up when the teacher arrives and listen to the teacher. You mustn’t eat, chew gum or shout in class. You don’t have to wear a uniform or to arrive at 6 am.

Vocabulary # p. 67 1. Lead inPossible answers Some parents send their teenagers to boot camps because they behave badly and don’t obey them. Today, boot camps don’t use military-style methods anymore, and they offer special programmes to help teenagers.

2. 1/ prison2/ crimes 3/ behaviour 4/ discipline 5/ law 6/ drugs 7/ delinquents 8/ trouble

3. 1/ got2/ broke 3/ sent 4/ committed 5/ follow 6/ take

4. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ In my country, some parents with difficult teenagers send them to special schools / boarding schools / private schools... / When their children behave badly and don’t obey them, some parents beat them or refuse to keep them at home. 2/ Yes, I think boot camps are a good idea. Going to a special school with special programmes can help teenagers overcome their difficulties and aggressiveness, and prevent them from being sent to prison later. No, I don’t think boot camps are a good idea. I think they may be a bad idea for some teenagers. Boot camps don’t work for everyone, and some teenagers may not adapt to the camp. They may react against it and become more violent, or suffer emotionally. 3/ In my opinion, the best way to reduce crime is to prevent it rather than punish it. To prevent children from becoming criminals, it is essential to

educate them well, and to educate their parents about the importance of non-violent raising practices. / To reduce crime, the government should punish criminal offences more severely / should hire more policemen and policewomen and train them better / should build more police stations...

Listening # p. 67 5. Yéro goes to a boot camp.

6. 1C – 2B – 3B – 4A – 5C – 6A

7. Possible answersA disadvantage of state schools is that the number of students per class is often very high. An advantage of single-sex schools is that girls cannot get harassed by boys. A disadvantage is that boys and girls cannot meet at school. An advantage of independent schools is that there are more activities and fewer students per class. A disadvantage is that they are often expensive. An advantage of boarding schools is that you can live at school and don’t need to travel long distances every day to go to school. A disadvantage is that you cannot go home often.

Writing # p. 68 → A description of a weekly routine 1. Before you writePossible answers 1/ I have to get up at 6.30 am. 2/ I start school at 8 am. 3/ I finish school at 4 pm. 4/ After school, I go to the computer club / the English club / the theatre club / the sports club / I practise basketball / football... / I go home and watch TV / cook dinner / I go shopping for food / I take care of my younger brother / sister... 5/ In the evening, I have to do my homework / cook dinner / help with the housework / do the washing up / tidy my room... 6/ At the weekend, I have to wake up early to work on Saturdays / babysit / go to church on Sundays / do my homework / visit my grandparents / help with the housework / go to the market...

2. Possible answersGJ’s routine is different from mine: I don’t have to get up at 6 am, I only get up at 7. Besides, I don’t go to any clubs, and I go home directly after school every day.


Some elements of GJ’s routine are similar to mine: I also walk to school and I also finish school at 3.30. Like GJ, I have to help with the housework at home and I have to go to church on Sundays.

3. 1/ because2/ so 3/ because 4/ so 5/ so

5. Writing taskPossible answer (150 words) Every morning I have to get up at 6.30. I must take the bus at 7.30 because school starts at 8. I finish school at 4 pm. Before going home, I often play football with my friends. On Tuesdays, I go to the theatre club, so I get home later. At home, I must take care of my younger brother and help with the housework. I generally don’t cook dinner because my mother does it; I just have to do it on Thursdays. After dinner, I usually do my homework, so I don’t have much time to watch TV! On Saturday mornings, both my parents work, so I go shopping for food at the market. In the afternoon I’m often busy because I do some babysitting. On Sundays, I go to church and visit my grandparents. And in the evening, I have to get ready for the next school week!

Check Unit 5 # p. 69-70 1. 1/ Illiteracy2/ illiterate 3/ literacy 4/ enrolment 5/ fees 6/ compulsory 7/ increased

2. 1/ assault2/ legislate 3/ consent 4/ duty 5/ solve 6/ sanction 7/ lower 8/ improve

3. incredibly – well – badly – happily – finallyextremely – exceptionally – enthusiastically – heavily – easily

4. 1/ extremely / incredibly / exceptionally – finally2/ badly 3/ well 4/ heavily 5/ enthusiastically 6/ extremely / incredibly / exceptionally

5. 1/ a little2/ few (a few) 3/ a few (few) 4/ a lot of 5/ a lot of

6. 1/ A lot of2/ little 3/ a lot of – some 4/ a lot of 5/ a little 6/ much 7/ Some 8/ any 9/ much 10/ any

7. 1/ Farmers have grown only a little corn andcotton this year. 2/ The factory produced only a few cars last month. 3/ There were few people at the celebration. 4/ I have little money. 5/ Nigeria doesn’t export much crude oil.

8. 1/ don’t have to2/ don’t have to 3/ mustn’t 4/ don’t have to 5/ mustn’t 6/ mustn’t

9. 1/ must2/ may / might / could 3/ may / might / could 4/ must

10. Possible answerA Hey, Fatou, I can’t find my sunglasses and my watch anymore, have you seen any of them? B No, I haven’t, but your sunglasses must be in your room. You always leave them there. A I’ve checked, they’re not. B They might be in Samuel’s room then, I saw him play with them this morning. A I’ll look... Yes, here they are! B As for your watch, it may be in the bathroom, you often forget it there. A Let’s see... Here it is, thanks Fatou!


Unit 6 - Citizenship

Lead in # p. 71 1. logo on the left: clogo in the middle: b logo on the right: a

2. 1/ Amnesty International2/ Red Cross 3/ Save the Children

Vocabulary # p. 71→ Verbs for taking action 3. 1/ gives2/ starting 3/ fights 4/ defend 5/ give authority 6/ works hard 7/ influenced

4. 1/ campaigns2/ empower 3/ provides 4/ committed 5/ inspired 6/ participate 7/ launching 8/ supports

5. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ I have heard of CARE, which fights poverty / Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), which provides emergency medical aid / Handicap International, which helps disabled people / Greenpeace, which fights to protect the environment... 2/ In my country, there are several NGOs: .... / I know a few NGOs in my country: .... 3/ I think Save the Children is the most useful, because children are extremely vulnerable throughout the world, and they represent the future. / I think all three organisations are very useful, because they fight to protect basic human rights.

6. WritingPossible answer MSF, which means Médecins Sans Frontières, provides emergency medical aid to people suffering from war or from epidemics. It works

throughout the world, but mostly in South America, Africa and Asia. It is important because it helps protecting people who are particularly vulnerable and who don’t have access to basic healthcare.

Reading # p. 72 1. Before you readPossible answer I think the people on the photo are students. They are picking up rubbish in the street and throwing it in bin bags. I think they are taking part in an environmental activity because they want to do something for their community and they believe that it’s important to live in a clean place.

2. History: 2How it works: 4 Mission: 1 Today: 5 Who we are: 3

3. True sentences: 4 (section 4, ‘organises anenvironmental activity’) – 5 (Action 1, ‘They also distributed leaflets’) – 7 (Action 3, ‘recyclable materials were sent to a recycling plant’.) False sentences: 1 (section 2 → CUW was started in 1993.) – 2 (section 5 → CUW groups can carry out actions throughout the year.) – 3 (section 4 → Anyone can become a member of CUW.) – 6 (Action 2 → In Dakar, volunteers cleaned a beach.)

4. 1/ ‘their local environment’2/ ‘Clean up Australia Day’ 3/ ‘The 1,000 volunteers who took part’ 4/ ‘leaflets’ 5/ ‘The 25 volunteers’ 6/ ‘3 tons of waste’

5. 1/ amount2/ throughout 3/ extend 4/ leaflets 5/ turned into


Vocabulary extension # p. 73 → Phrasal verbs with up 6. To find the meaning of the verbs, students mayuse the Wordlist at the end of their book (see Phrasal verbs, p.160). 1/ sign up 2/ clean up 3/ pick up 4/ end up

7. The students can also use the Wordlist at the endof their book (see Phrasal verbs, p.160). 1/ We’re raising money to do up the building. 2/ They’re setting up their own business. 3/ She has taken up volleyball. 4/ This government plans to put up taxes.

8. SpeakingAnswers will vary depending on the students and the place where they live.

9. Possible expressions to useWe could meet on Saturday / Sunday at... , near the... / in front of the... We could ask... to help us organise. Let’s put some posters everywhere in town to tell people about our action. / We could announce it on the local radio / the school radio. / We could write an article about it in the local newspaper. We should also post it on Facebook to attract as many volunteers as possible.

10. WritingPossible expressions to use You want to be a part of Clean up the World Weekend? Come and join us on .... September in front of the... / near the..., to clean up the streets / clean up the beach / distribute leaflets about... / plant trees... We need you to make our environment friendlier and healthier! / Come and help us to keep our town a great place to live!

Grammar # p. 74 → Relative pronouns (who, which, where, whose and that) 1. Rules1/ who 2/ which 3/ where 4/ whose

2. where – whose – which – which – who

3. 1/ That’s the school where my father went.2/ I sit next to a boy whose father is from Abidjan. 3/ This is the leaflet which we distributed to people. 4/ This is the market where we do our shopping. 5/ That’s the exercise which we must do for homework. 6/ He’s the journalist who wrote an article about the campaign.

4. I met a woman that works for the Red Cross.(very informal) This is the leaflet that we distributed to people. That’s the exercise that we must do for homework. He’s the journalist that wrote an article about the campaign. (very informal)

5. WritingPossible answers 1/ A volunteer is a person who works without getting paid / who does volunteer work. 2/ Plastic is a material which / that is used to make many products / that is waterproof. 3/ A forest is a place where trees grow / where many different animal species live / which / that contains a rich and complex ecosystem. 4/ Bananas are fruit which / that grow in hanging clusters / in tropical countries. 5/ My friend is a person whose advice I always follow. 6/ That’s the student who organised the clean-up / whose mother is a teacher.

6. SpeakingPossible answers – This is a place where I can go online. – Is it thecybercafé? – No, it’s the school library. – This is a place where I do sport. – Is it the sportscentre? – Yes, it is! – This is someone who makes me laugh. – Is it yourcousin? – No, it’s my sister. – This is something which I really like. – Is itlistening to music? – Yes, it is! – This is a sport which I admire. – Is it triathlon? –No, it’s ice skating. – This is a teacher whose dad is famous. – Is it MrsAdamon? – Yes, it is!

Communication # p. 75 → Asking for and giving opinions 1. 1/ think2/ don’t think 3/ mean 4/ opinion 5/ feel 6/ great idea 7/ do


4. Dialogue 1: bDialogue 2: a Dialogue 3: b

5. Possible answers1/ Personally, I think it’s not necessary to make Chinese compulsory. / I’d say it’s a good idea, because more and more people speak Chinese in the world. 2/ In my opinion, it’s a very good idea, and it should be organised every year. / I believe it’s a good idea, but the Club might have difficulties attracting many volunteers. 3/ In my view, school days are already long enough and I don’t think an extra hour will be effective. / Personally, I think this could be a good idea if this extra hour is used to help students with their homework or to do some extra preparing for the exams.

6. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers Situation 1 A What do you think about the school’s plan to make Chinese compulsory for all students? B Personally, I’d say it’s not a good idea. Students should be able to choose what foreign languages they want to learn. A But Chinese is a major language. More people speak it as a mother tongue than English. B That’s true, and that’s why I believe it’s important to offer students the possibility of learning Chinese. But I don’t think everyone should be forced to learn it. A Well, we’ll see what the school decides.

Situation 2 A How do you feel about the organisation of a Clean Up the School day? B In my opinion, it’s an excellent idea! A Don’t you believe the Environment Club may have difficulties attracting volunteers? B I don’t think so. And why not helping the Club to promote the action then? A Ok, let’s do that!

Situation 3 A What’s your opinion about that extra hour the principal wants to add to the school day? B In my view, that would be a waste of time. A What do you mean? B School days are already long enough, and I don’t think an extra hour will be effective. Students will be too tired to work. A I’d say the extra hour could be used to help students with their homework for example. That could be effective.

B You may be right. But I’m not sure that’s the principal’s plan.

Reading # p. 76 1. Before you readAnswer B

2. Possible answerCommunity service is a graduation requirement for most American students, so they have to do it.

3. 1/ Sally2/ Steve 3/ Karen 4/ Dave

4. 1B – 2C – 3B – 4B – 5A – 6B – 7B – 8C

5. 1/ résumé2/ trash 3/ huge 4/ dubious 5/ rewarding 6/ tie

6. DiscussionPossible answers 1/ Yes, I know some people who are volunteers. They help... / spend time with... / are committed to... / are part of an organisation which... / I am a volunteer myself. I do... No, I don’t know anyone who is a volunteer. 2/ Yes, I think community service should be a graduation requirement, because it can make students better aware of the needs of their community. No, I don’t think it should be. Students should do it as a personal initiative. 3/ If I had to do community service, I would help younger students with their homework, because I like being around children and I would like to work as a teacher. / I would visit people in hospital to bring them some company and distract them for their illness. / I would work for blind people and help them do things they cannot do on their own, like reading or going shopping.

Vocabulary extension # p. 77 → Adjectives used as nouns 7. The underlined words are adjectives which areused as nouns in the sentences.

8. 1/ Economic recessions hit the poor hard.2/ There is a plan to help the unemployed. 3/ The Chinese have small families.


4/ The rich have an easy life. 5/ The film has subtitles for the deaf. 6/ The old should get a pension.

Pronunciation # p. 77 → /ɔ�/ and /əυ/ 9. /ɔ�/: bored – important – more – poor/əυ/: know – no – old – open – rope More words with /ɔ�/: horse – door – four More words with /əυ/: show – nose – road – boat

Grammar # p. 78 → Indefinite pronouns with some, any and every 1. Rulesa/ affirmative b/ negative c/ singular

2. 1/ something2/ anybody 3/ anywhere 4/ everyone 5/ everything 6/ everywhere 7/ nobody 8/ nothing

3. 1/ something2/ anyone / anybody 3/ someone / somebody 4/ no one / nobody 5/ Everyone / Everybody 6/ anything

→ Reflexive pronouns 4. ‘Themselves’ is a reflexive pronoun in thesentence. More reflexive pronouns: myself – yourself – himself – herself – itself – ourselves – yourselves

5. 1/ burnt myself2/ repaired – ourselves 3/ hurt herself 4/ cut – himself 5/ buy yourself 6/ turn itself

6. WritingPossible answers Samuel injured himself while repairing his bike. I bought myself new sunglasses.

Fatou broke one of the kitchen table’s leg, but she managed to repair it herself. I taught myself the guitar, and I really enjoy playing now! I was really hungry, so I cooked myself a big plate of rice.

Vocabulary # p. 79 1. Lead inPossible answers The two pictures show volunteers helping other people. The picture on the left shows a young woman helping an elderly blind woman to shop for food at the market; the young woman is holding the elderly woman’s arm and is buying some fruit from a vendor. On the picture on the right, we can see a young woman helping two students, a boy and a girl, with their homework. I would say that everyone is feeling happy. Both volunteers seem to be enjoying themselves. The blind woman and the students must feel happy and relieved that someone is helping them.

2. 1/ challenged2/ determination 3/ enthusiasm 4/ frustrated / frustrating 5/ hopelessness 6/ lonely 7/ pride 8/ rewarding 9/ satisfaction Negative feelings: bored and boredom – frustrated / frustrating and frustration – hopeless and hopelessness – lonely and loneliness

3. Answers may vary and are left to the judgmentof each student.

Listening # p. 79 4. Before you listenPossible answers Why do you think it’s important to help blind people? / to help students? When did you start being a volunteer? How often do you do volunteering work? What do you believe is most important in volunteering?

5. Order of the statements: 6 – 1 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 8 – 5– 7


6. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use I would really like to visit people in hospital, because I think they feel lonely and need company. / I would like to accompany children on trips, because I appreciate taking care of children. / I would like to work in an animal shelter, because I love animals and I think it’s important to protect them. I wouldn’t like to train a junior sports team, because I’m not very good at sports. / I don’t think I would like to help at a homework club, because I don’t really enjoy doing homework!

Writing # p. 80 → A formal letter 1. Before you writeAnswers will vary depending on students.

2. Julie Amari wants to become a volunteer withthe NGO Save Street Children. Her letter includes the following points from exercise 1: age, motivation, experience, skills, school, availability and qualities.

3. grammar mistakes: ‘many’ → much – ‘our’ →their spelling mistakes: ‘Wensdays’ → Wednesdays – ‘heering’ → hearing punctuation mistake: ‘to meet you, please...’ → to meet you. Please... incorrect word order: ‘old years’ → years old – ‘number mobile’ → mobile number

5. Writing taskPossible answer (135 words) Dear Mr Diabaté, I’d like to become a volunteer with your organisation, Help the Disabled. I am sixteen years old and am currently in Seconde at Lycée Sankoré in Bamako. I have already had some experience working with disabled people, especially children. My younger brother has been in a wheelchair for five years and I often help him wash himself or get dressed. I also accompany him to a care centre where he does various activities with other disabled children. I regularly organise sports activities for them, and this has taught me to be extremely patient and caring. I am available from Mondays to Fridays after 4 pm. If you require any further information, please don’t hesitate to contact me on my mobile. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Fatou Diallo

Check Unit 6 # p. 81-82 1. 1/ an unpaid worker2/ organisation 3/ a test 4/ to start 5/ a movement 6/ to recompense 7/ to give 8/ to decide to do something 9/ to give power

2. 1/ provide2/ empowering 3/ volunteer – rewarding 4/ committed 5/ launching – campaign

3. Possible answersA volunteer is someone who does voluntary work. A charity is an organisation which helps people in need. A challenge is a difficult problem or a difficult task that someone has to do. To provide people with something means to give them something they need. To commit oneself to an activity means to give time and effort for this activity. To empower people means to give them more power and more abilities.

4. 1/ They made up the whole story...2/ They are setting up a new business... 3/ The gorilla picked up the fruit and threw it... 4/ All you have to do is sign up... 5/ A huge amount of chemicals end up in seas... 6/ We should clean up the school... 7/ The young people decided to do up...

5. Possible answers1/ A model is a person / someone whose job is to wear and display clothes. 2/ A webmaster is a person / someone who is responsible for certain web pages on the Internet. 3/ An astronaut is someone who travels into space in a spacecraft. 4/ A babysitter is someone who takes care of babies or children while their parents are away. 5/ An environmentalist is someone who works to protect the natural environment. 6/ A barber is someone who cuts men’s hair. 7/ A journalist is someone who writes articles and stories for newspapers, magazines, radio or television. 8/ A logger is someone who cuts down trees and transports wood.


6. Possible answers1/ A calculator is an instrument which / that is used for calculating. 2/ The fridge is a machine which / that keeps food cold. 3/ Antibiotics are substances which / that are used to kill bacteria and cure infections. 4/ The mobile phone is an invention which / that has changed many people’s lives. 5/ Universities are places where people study for a degree or do research.

7. 1/ each other2/ anyone 3/ himself 4/ everywhere – somewhere 5/ somebody 6/ nothing 7/ yourselves

8. Possible answersa/ Things in favour of school uniform: students all look the same: no discrimination based on appearance – students from poor families cannot be mocked for the way they dress Things against school uniform: students cannot choose how they want to dress – students always have to dress the same way, with the same colour – students cannot express their personalitythrough their clothes b/ A What do you think about making students wear a uniform at school? B Personally, I think it is a good idea. When everyone is wearing the same clothes, there can be no discrimination based on appearance. A That’s true, but I believe teenagers like to choose their clothes, and it can be boring to wear the same thing every day. B I agree, but students only need to wear their uniform on school days. So they can still choose their clothes at weekends and during the holidays. A Well, I see your point.


Unit 7 - Sport

Lead in # p. 85 1. Possible answersThe picture on the left shows a wrestling match; the picture on the right shows people playing cricket. Wrestling is practised all over the world, either outside or in a wrestling ring. Players have to make their adversary touch the ground / to put the adversary down and make his or her shoulders touch the ground. Cricket is also practised all around the world, but it is most popular in countries that used to be part of the British Empire. It is played on a cricket field. Two teams of eleven players play against each other. Each team takes turn hitting the ball as hard as possible with the bat, attempting to score runs, while the other team tries to catch the ball.

Vocabulary # p. 85→ Sports collocations 2. 1/ win – lose2/ holds 3/ defeated / beat 4/ scored 5/ set 6/ failed 7/ practise 8/ enter

→ Sports people 3. Students may also use the Wordlist at the end oftheir book (pages 158-160). Football: game – goalkeeper – match – penalty – pitch/field – referee Tennis: court – game – match – net – racket – serve – set – umpire

4. 1/ court2/ rackets 3/ net 4/ set 5/ games 6/ match 7/ umpire

5. SpeakingPossible expressions to use 1/ The most popular sport in my country is...

2/ I think the greatest sports person in my country / in the world today is... 3/ In my opinion, the greatest sports person in history is..., because...

6. WritingPossible answer Football is played on a football field between two teams of eleven players. It is played with a spherical ball. There is one goal at each end of the field. To win a match, the players have to score goals by getting the ball into the opposing goal, past the goalkeeper. During the game, only the goalkeeper is allowed to touch the ball with his hands, and only in the penalty area. The person responsible for the football match is the referee.

Reading # p. 86 1. Before you readPossible answer This person is a witchdoctor. He is using feathers from guinea fowls to perform a magic ritual during the opening ceremony of the Africa Cup of Nations in Ghana, in 2008. He is doing it to bring luck to the players and possibly also to ensure that the matches will be played fairly and honestly.

2. Statement n°1 corresponds to the writer’sopinion, because in paragraph 5 he writes that ‘fortunately, fewer people in the football world believe in the power of witchcraft these days and juju practices seem to be dying out.’ The use of the adverb ‘fortunately’ shows that he thinks witchcraft has no power.

3. 1C – 2C – 3B – 4C – 5B – 6A

4. 1/ odd2/ outdo 3/ acknowledges 4/ outcome 5/ weakening 6/ lack 7/ cast a spell on 8/ spraying

5. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use Statement n°... reflects my opinion, because...


Yes, I think it is a good thing to have banned witchcraft, because it isn’t efficient / because it costs a lot of money to the teams... No, I don’t think it is a good thing to have banned witchcraft, because sometimes it can be efficient and help the players / because teams should be free to decide whether they want to employ witchdoctors or not...

Vocabulary extension # p. 87 → Phrasal verbs with come 6. 1/ across2/ up with

7. Students may also use the Wordlist at the end oftheir book (see Phrasal verbs page 160). 1/ Please pay an informal visit sometime. 2/ Our exam results are published today. 3/ He faced fierce competition. 4/ They return from holiday next week. 5/ This guidebook will be useful in the US. 6/ He fell ill with flu and missed school.

Grammar # p. 88 → 2nd conditional 1. Rulesa/ imaginary b/ in the past simple c/ first

2. 1/ met – would ask2/ would win – had 3/ would be – was 4/ had – would be 5/ went – would visit 6/ wouldn’t feel – didn’t train

→ 1st conditional and 2nd conditional 3. 1/ 1st conditional2/ 2nd conditional 3/ 2nd conditional 4/ 1st conditional Rules: possible – imaginary

4. 1/ If I earned a lot of money next year, I wouldbuy an island. 2/ If I met Serena Williams, I would ask her how often she trains. 3/ It will be brilliant if he wins another gold medal. 4/ If he beats Rafael Nadal, he’ll become number one player again.

5. Possible answers1/ If I visited Europe, I would go to Italy and visit Rome. 2/ If I were a football champion, I would sponsor local clubs in my hometown. 3/ If I played for Arsenal, my whole family would be very proud of me! 4/ If I have time tonight, I will watch the game on TV. 5/ If I pass my exams, I will go to university. 6/ If I won a lot of money, I would travel to Australia.

6. SpeakingPossible answers – What would you do if you were a footballchampion? – I would sponsor local clubs in my hometown. – What would your family say if you played forArsenal? – My family would be very proud of me! – What will you do if you have time tonight? – I willwatch the game on TV. – What will you do if you pass your exams? – I willgo to university. – What would you do if you won a lot of money? –I would travel to Australia.

7. WritingPossible answers If I had a house on an island, I’d have a football field built next to the house. If I had a football field next to my house, I’d organise football competitions. If I organised football competitions, I’d invite famous players to participate.

Communication # p. 89 → Encouraging and reassuring 1. 1/ be fine2/ lose 3/ best 4/ luck 5/ nothing 6/ do your 7/ sure 8/ don’t

4. 1/ Maths – father’s – two2/ quiz programme – people will see her on TV 3/ flying – South Africa – son Expressions from the chart: ‘There’s no need to worry’ – ‘Just do your best’ – ‘There’s nothing to worry about’ – ‘you can do it’ – ‘Good luck’ – ‘Everything will be fine’


5. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers Situation 1 A You look worried! B I’m leaving in 3 months to study in Europe. I feel excited but also a bit nervous. A Don’t worry, everything will be fine. Some people will help you get around once you’re there. B But I’m afraid I’ll miss my family terribly. And I won’t be able to come home for Christmas. A You’ll be fine. It may be difficult at first but I’m sure you will adapt rapidly and make friends. And you can always use Skype or call your parents when you miss home. I’m sure you will enjoy your stay. B Well, you may be right. Thank you.

Situation 2 A What’s the matter? You look exhausted! B Well, I couldn’t sleep last night. I’m starting my first job at the health centre on Monday and I keep thinking about it. A There’s nothing to worry about. Just do your best and the patients will appreciate you. B I’ll try, but what about the colleagues? What if I don’t get on well with them and they don’t want to explain things to me? I won’t know what to do. A It’ll be fine. I’m sure many colleagues will be ready to help you if you ask politely. And then, you’ll learn everything quickly! B If you say so... A Good luck! B Thanks.

Reading # p. 90 1. Before you readPossible answer The two photos show sports people, professional long-distance runners. They are both from Kenya. The picture on the top shows Wilson Kipsang running, maybe taking part in a marathon. The bottom picture represents Mary Keitany, who is showing the Kenyan flag. She probably just won a race.

2. Answer D

3. True sentences: 3 (paragraph 2, ‘the childrensee athletics as a way out of poverty’) – 5 (paragraph 3, ‘the young people have one aim in mind – to use their running talent to get them a scholarship to an American university’) – 8 (paragraph 4, ‘is this likely in a country that prides itself on having greater runners than anywhere else?)

False sentences: 1 (introduction → Many of the best distance runners come from Kenya.) – 2 (paragraph 1 → Kenyan children start athletics training on their way to school.) – 4 (paragraph 3 → American universities only want Kenyan students for their running speed.) – 6 (paragraph 4 → The best runners from Kenya are tall and slim.) – 7 (paragraph 4 → Genetics brings an advantage to the Kenyan, but everything is not down to genetics.)

4. 1/ sprinting2/ down to 3/ pool 4/ in mind 5/ lean 6/ runners-up 7/ incentive 8/ dawdling

5. DiscussionPossible answers 1/ In my opinion, the secret of the Kenyans’ extraordinary success is that they are extremely determined and motivated. / I believe that the Kenyans are so successful because their motivation is extremely strong / because they start training when they are really young / because they see athletics as a way to improve their family’s life. 2/ Several other east African countries have great athletes : for example, Dickson Marwa and Zakia Mrisho Mohamed are long-distance runners from Tanzania, Bereket Desta is a sprinter from Ethiopia, Ayanleh Souleiman is a middle-distance runner from Djibouti, and Jean de Dieu Nkundabera, from Rwanda, is a famous competitor in wheelchair racing. 3/ Here are some examples of great sprinters: Usain Bolt is from Jamaica, Tyson Gay and Tori Bowie are from the United States, Olusoji Adetokunbo Fasuba is from Nigeria, Keston Bledman is from Trinidad and Tobago, Yoshihide Kiryū is from Japan.

7. Possible answers1/ ‘You’ represents the athlete. 2/ The ‘little boy’ wants to be like the athlete. 3/ The little boy feels both admiration and envy: he wants to ‘do anything’ the athlete does and ‘to grow up to be like’ him or her. 4/ The person ‘setting an example’ is the athlete. 5/ The poem suggests that famous athletes have a great responsibility towards children and young people: athletes set an example that young people want to imitate, and they can become strong role models.


Grammar # p. 92 → So and such 1. a/ suchb/ so c/ so

2. Rulesa/ such b/ so c/ so Examples from the text: ‘so good’ (paragraph 2) – ‘so slim’ (paragraph 4) – ‘such a high altitude’ (paragraph 4) – ‘so strong’ (paragraph 4)

3. 1/ so2/ so 3/ such 4/ so 5/ such

4. 2/ It was such a wet weather that the footballmatch was cancelled. 3/ The match was so boring that we left before the end. 4/ She is such a good player that nobody can beat her. 5/ This stadium is so big!

5. Possible answers1/ Fatou is such a nice person that everybody gets on well with her. 2/ It was such a bad day that they had to cancel the match. 3/ He was so caring that everyone liked him. 4/ I was so tired that I went to bed directly after dinner.

→ Comparatives and superlatives 6. 1/ than2/ the 3/ as 4/ most 5/ more

7. Possible answersEngland is farther from Cameroon than from France. Maroua is one the farthest cities north of Cameroon. My sister is more confident than my brother. My mother is the most confident in the family. I think triathlon is more exciting than marathon. The most exciting sport is football. The second test was harder than the first one. The last one was the hardest of all.

This summer is hotter than last summer. The summer of 2013 was one of the hottest. She’s a better runner than her brother. The best runners are the Kenyans.

8. Play a gamePossible answers Tennis is an exciting sport to watch. Yes, but football is more exciting. Learning the rules of volleyball is easy. Yes, but learning basketball is easier. It’s difficult to play baseball. Yes, but it’s even more difficult to play cricket. I find it boring to watch gymnastics. Yes, but watching archery is more boring. Wrestling is a dangerous sport. Yes, but boxing is even more dangerous. If you wear a helmet, skating is safe. Yes, but it is safer if you wear protections on your knees and elbows.

Vocabulary # p. 93 1. Lead inPossible answers and expressions to use In my opinion, the most / least appealing sport is canoeing / basketball / climbing, because... I think to succeed in canoeing you need to be reliable and determined. To succeed in basketball, you need to be tall and self-confident. To succeed in climbing, you need to be supple and focused.

2. 1/ determination2/ self-control 3/ team spirit 4/ discipline 5/ competitiveness 6/ self-esteem

3. Possible answersI think canoeing develops team spirit and discipline. In my opinion, basketball develops competitiveness and team spirit. I think climbing develops self-control and determination.

4. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use Advantages of volleyball: It is a collective sport and it develops team spirit. / Girls and boys are likely to appreciate volleyball. Disadvantages of volleyball: Shorter players are disadvantaged compared to tall players. / You need a large area for the volleyball court.


Advantages of boxing: It develops self-control and endurance. / Boxing develops skills that can be useful to protect yourself. Disadvantages of boxing: It can be dangerous and you can easily get injured. / Many girls might not be interested in boxing. / It involves only two people. I think our local sports club should choose volleyball / boxing, because... / I think the new sports activity should be volleyball / boxing, because...

5. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use I think volleyball / boxing would be better, because... In my opinion, the best choice would be volleyball / boxing, because... I think most students would like... / would prefer..., because... Our group thinks that the sports club should choose..., because...

Listening # p. 93 6. The two values Bolt mentions arecompetitiveness and determination.

7. 1/ three2/ social life 3/ fear of losing 4/ determined 5/ parents 6/ enjoyment

8. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers (Venus Williams) She’s an American professional tennis player. She was the first American black woman to become the world number 1, in 2002. Her younger sister is also a very famous tennis player. (Frédéric Kanouté) He’s a retired football player from Mali. He was most successful when he played for Sevilla FC in Spain's La Liga. He was given the African Footballer of the Year award in 2007.

Writing # p. 94 → An opinion essay 1. Before you writePossible answers and expressions to use The advantages of practising sport regularly are that it helps you stay healthy and it develops values such as team spirit and determination that are useful in many aspects of life.

In my opinion, the most important value is determination; I think you can achieve whatever you want if you really set your mind on it. / I think team spirit is the most important value and is an essential quality in all aspects of life. / I would say that discipline / competitiveness / self-control is the most important value, because...

2. Correct order: C – A – D – B

3. 1/ Paragraph D presents mental advantages ofregular sport and paragraph A presents physical advantages. 2/ The writer includes 2 arguments in favour of practising sports: sport is good for the body and sport is good for the mind. 3/ To state personal opinions, the writer uses the following expressions: ‘In my view’ and ‘I feel strongly that’. 4/ Paragraph B sums up the writer’s opinion.

4. ‘In the first place’ → Firstly / First of all‘Secondly’ → In addition ‘In conclusion’ → To sum up

6. Writing taskPossible answer (146 words) The sports club is planning to finance a new activity, and is going to choose between basketball and running. In my view, basketball would be a better choice, because it is a team sport and it requires more equipment. In the first place, basketball, contrary to running, is a team sport. I believe it will help students develop qualities like team spirit and communication, which are also essential in daily life. Secondly, basketball requires more equipment than running. Students who want to practise running can easily do it by themselves, and they only need running shoes. That’s why I think it would make more sense to finance basketball, because you really need a basket and an appropriate ball to practise this sport. To sum up, I feel strongly that the team sport basketball, which requires specific equipment, would be the best choice for the sports club.

Check Unit 7 # p. 95-96 1. 1/ the referee2/ a racket 3/ a team 4/ the Olympic Games 5/ a football pitch / field 6/ the umpire


2. 1/ score2/ set 3/ holds 4/ defeated / beat 5/ enter 6/ practising 7/ won 8/ lost

3. 1c – 2d – 3a – 4e – 5f – 6b

4. 1/ came down with2/ come back – come by 3/ came across 4/ come up against 5/ come out

5. 1/ would not be2/ will win 3/ ate 4/ would not enter 5/ will not get 6/ will you do 7/ was / were 8/ would you live

6. Possible answers1/ If it rains, the match will be cancelled. 2/ If our team trained harder, they would win more often. 3/ If she failed a drugs test, she would ruin her reputation and be forced to give back her medals. 4/ If you don’t get tickets soon, you won’t be able to see the match.

5/ If an African nation wins the next World Cup, we will be really proud! 6/ I’d be fitter if I exercised more.

7. Possible answers1/ If I won the jackpot, I would travel around the world. 2/ If I was / were Bill Gates, I would buy a yacht and organise cruises for my friends and family. 3/ If I was / were the president of my country, I would pass laws to ban child marriage and child labour. 4/ If I had one wish, I would ask for peace in the world. 5/ If I could go anywhere in the world, I would go to Alaska. 6/ If I had the power to change one thing in the world, I would abolish poverty.

8. 1/ The valley is so beautiful that it looks like adivine painting. – It’s such a beautiful valley that it looks like a divine painting. 2/ She sings so beautifully that she will be selected for the next Kora in South Africa. – She has such a beautiful voice / singing that she will be selected for the next Kora in South Africa. 3/ He has such a nice voice that people have nicknamed him the village’s nightingale. – His voice is so nice that people have nicknamed him the village’s nightingale. 4/ He is such a great actor that he will surely win an Oscar. – This actor is so great that he will surely win an Oscar.

9. 1c –2a – 3e – 4b


Unit 8 - Science

Lead in # p. 97 1. Possible answersThe picture represents the diagram of a cell, and the elements it contains. Cells are found in all living organisms, including plants and animals. DNA means Deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a molecule that contains all the genetic information of living organisms.

Vocabulary # p. 97→ Genetics 2. Students can use a dictionary or the Wordlist atthe end of their book (pages 158-160). gene = gène – chromosome = chromosome – diversity = diversité – genome = génome – clones = clones – mutation = mutation

3. 1/ genome2/ DNA molecule 3/ gene 4/ nucleus

5. 1/ cells2/ nucleus 3/ chromosomes 4/ DNA 5/ Genes 6/ mutation

6. DiscussionPossible answers 1/ I have inherited my father’s / mother’s eyes / hair / nose / character / determination / self-confidence... 2/ In my family, I resemble most my father / my mother / my grandmother / my grandfather / my great-grandfather / my great-grandmother / my uncle / my aunt... 3/ Conditions B, E and F are not genetically determined.

Reading # p. 98 1. Before you readPossible answer The map shows the geographical origins of the human population and the first movements of population around the world. It shows that all humans come from Africa.

2. 1C – 2D – 3B – 4A

3. 40,000 years ago a second group of migrantsheaded inland and colonised the Middle East, Central Asia and Europe. 50,000 years ago the earliest migrants reached Southeast Asia and Australia. 65,000 years ago the first small groups of modern humans started to leave Africa. 200,000 years ago our species, Homo sapiens, began to evolve in Africa.

4. 1A – 2C – 3C – 4C – 5C – 6A – 7C

5. DiscussionPossible expressions to use 1/ My family originally came from... 2/ Yes, some of my relatives / one of my uncles / one of my aunts / some of my cousins have moved to... / No, nobody in my family has moved to another country. Everyone lives in... 3/ I know that my ancestors were from... and they... / I don’t know much about my ancestors.

Vocabulary extension # p. 99 → Prepositions of movement 6. 1/ across2/ along 3/ around 4/ down

7. 1/ up2/ over 3/ across 4/ out of – along

Grammar # p. 100 → The and no article 1. Rulesa5 – b2 – c3 – d1 – e4

2. 1/ the2/ no article 3/ the 4/ no article 5/ the 6/ no article 7/ the


8/ the 9/ no article 10/ no article

→ Expressions of purpose (to, in order to, so that, so as (not) to) 3. 1/ ‘in order to find out about human migration’2/ ‘to study biology’ 3/ ‘so as to know more about Chinese culture’ 4/ ‘so as not to wake up the baby’ Rule: a

4. 1/ He moved to Dakar to get a better job. (e)2/ I believe that you have to learn a language in order to understand a country’s culture. (b) 3/ He is learning Swahili so that he can understand people in Kenya better. (d) 4/ When she was a girl she wanted to travel so that she could learn about other cultures. (c) 5/ He had to run all the way to the bus station so as not to miss the last bus. (a)

5. WritingPossible answers I’m doing exercise in order to stay fit. I’m cleaning my teeth so as not to have dental cavities. My brother is getting a passport so that he can travel to the United States. My cousin is going to university to become a doctor. We go to church to attend Mass. I’m joining a club so as to meet new people.

Communication # p. 101 → Explaining how things work 1. 1/ for2/ turning it 3/ that 4/ use 5/ work 6/ put 7/ makes

4. 1/ a webcam – to see the person you arephoning 2/ electronic cigarettes – to help heavy smokers to gradually give up smoking 3/ the car’s air bag – to protect people from accident shocks 5. WritingPossible answers A Is this your new phone? B Yes, it’s an iPhone.

A What’s this icon for? B This is for taking pictures. Look, here you are!

A I got new headphones for my birthday. B Hey, they look great! When do you use them? A I use them to listen to music when I’m taking the bus to school. That way I don’t disturb my neighbours. Do you want to have a try? B Thanks. They feel really comfortable!

A What’s that, Samuel? It looks like a tiny computer. B It’s a tablet. It’s a portable computer with a touch screen and no keyboard. A Can you use it to go online? B Sure. You can check your emails with it, or watch TV. It works just like a computer.

Reading # p. 102 1. Before you readStudents are not expected to give exact answers here, but only to make suppositions and give approximate dates. The Earth is 4.54 billion years old. The dinosaurs died around 65 million years ago. Writing was invented around 3,000 BC.

2. The three ways of dating old things mentionedin the text are the following: relative dating, radiometric dating and carbon dating.

3. 1/ ‘palaeontologist Tim Adams from the NaturalHistory Museum’ 2/ ‘a fossil’ 3/ ‘This method’ 4/ ‘radiometric dating’ 5/ ‘how long it takes for half the quantity of a radioactive element to change into the stable form’ 6/ ‘the proportions of C12 and C14 in a sample’ 7/ ‘carbon dating’ 8/ ‘the genome of extinct species’ 9/ ‘Genetics’

4. 1/ The text mentions three chemical elements:carbon, potassium and argon. (paragraphs 4 and 5) 2/ The oldest rocks are located at the bottom. (paragraph 2) 3/ Radiometric dating gives the exact age of the sample. (paragraph 3) 4/ Carbon-14 is used to date manmade things. (paragraphs 4 and 5) 5/ Potassium-argon dating is used to give the age of extremely old things. (paragraph 5)


6/ The text mentions dinosaurs and the wholly mammoth. (paragraphs 1 and 5)

5. Possible answersRadiometric dating would be suitable to date the Earth, by measuring radioactive elements in rocks and fossils. Radiometric dating would be suitable to date the dinosaurs: it could measure radioactive elements in dinosaur bones and give their exact age. To date our first ancestor Lucy, radiometric dating could be used together with genetics, to analyse Lucy’s bones and genome. Carbon dating could be used to date agriculture as well as the oldest writing, since these elements are less than 40,000 years old.

6. 1/ turn into2/ extract 3/ work out 4/ accurate 5/ rate

7. DiscussionPossible answers 1/ I know a few extinct species: aurochs, that lived in Europe, Asia and North Africa; the Atlas bear, that lived in the Atlas Mountains from Morocco to Libya; North African elephants, that lived in Africa north of the Sahara; the blue antelope, that lived in South African savannas; the dodo, that lived in Mauritius... / I don’t know any extinct species other than dinosaurs and mammoths. 2/ H is the symbol for hydrogen, Na for sodium, Mg for magnesium, Ca for calcium, O for oxygen, Al for aluminium, Cu for copper, Ag for silver...

Vocabulary extension # p. 103 → Suffixes: -(o)logy and -(o)logist 8. 1/ geologists – geology2/ palaeontologists – palaeontology 3/ geneticists – genetics

9. 1/ biologist2/ meteorologist 3/ anthropologist 4/ entomologist More words with the suffix -ologist: zoologist – bacteriologist – archaeologist – cardiologist – ecologist – musicologist – psychologist – sociologist...

10. WritingSomeone who studies animals and animal behaviours is a zoologist. Someone who studies drugs and how to use them in medicine is a pharmacologist. Someone who studies the human mind and behaviour is a psychologist. Someone who studies society and social relationships is a sociologist. Someone who studies very small forms of life, such as bacteria, is a microbiologist.

Grammar # p. 104 → Reported speech 1. Rulesa/ past simple b/ past perfect c/ past continuous d/ would e/ could

2. 1/ Bintu told the teacher that he didn’tunderstand that exercise. 2/ Etienne said that his sister couldn’t swim. 3/ Mr Makanjo told me he was sure that I would do well in the exam. 4/ Comlan said that he had bought a mobile from a street hawker. 5/ Akim said he didn’t think that they would come.

3. 1/ ‘I can’t meet you after school.’2/ ‘You will pass the exams if you work hard.’ 3/ ‘We will get home late.’ 4/ ‘I am feeling ill.’ 5/ ‘I want to leave school.’

4. 1/ He2/ them 3/ he 4/ They 5/ he 6/ them 7/ he / they

5. WritingPossible answers My sister said that she would be late for dinner. My mother said that I shouldn’t miss the bus. Fatou said that she was going to buy a skirt for her mother’s birthday. Samuel said that his parents were going to Bamako for the weekend. Flora said that she had forgotten her school books at home. The school principal said that the Science teacher was ill.


Vocabulary # p. 105 1. Lead inAnswer B

2. True statements: 2 – 3 – 5 – 6False statements: 1 → The graph shows how the average temperature of the Earth has changed since 1880. – 4 → Between 1920 and 1940, temperatures have increased sharply.

3. SpeakingPossible answers 1/ Scientists believe that the increase in the Earth’s temperature might be due to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. It might also be caused by changes in the way land is used on the planet, like deforestation for example. Finally, industrial pollution, emitting black carbon, might also be partly responsible for the increase in temperature. 2/ This global warming could increase the number of natural disasters such as droughts, floods or storms. It might also provoke a sea level rise and the melting of glaciers. It will bring changes in ecosystems, affecting agriculture, food production and water resources. 3/ The consequences will be rather negative for humans. Access to food and water might be more difficult, and the change in ecosystems might also impact on human’s health. Global warming might also increase human migration, forcing some populations to be displaced because of extreme weather events.

Listening # p. 105 4. Possible answerGabon is situated on the west coast of Central Africa, on the equator. It has an equatorial climate with heavy rainfall and high temperatures. The seasons are not really pronounced, even if the period from June to August is cooler and drier than from November to May.

5. 1/ tropical2/ annual 3/ 2,500 4/ August 5/ May 6/ 4 7/ June 8/ 24 degrees Celsius 9/ May 10/ 29

6. WritingPossible answers In Ivory Coast, the climate is mainly warm and humid. Between November and May the amount of rain is quite low. Then from June to October rainfall is heavy. The hottest months are from March to October, and the annual average temperatures vary only slightly from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius.

The climate in Mali is tropical in the south and arid in the north. The rainfall is rather low, even during the rainy season between June and December, and droughts are frequent. The coldest month is January, but the average temperature doesn’t go below 16 degrees Celsius. The hottest month is April, with average temperatures around 34 and 39 degrees Celsius.

Writing # p. 106 → Writing about graphs 1. Before you writeAnswer B

2. 1/ compares2/ increasing 3/ gradually 4/ sharply 5/ rate

4. Writing taskPossible answer (152 words) The graph shows the global temperature trends of the Earth between the years 1880 and 2011. It can be clearly seen that the average temperature of the Earth has globally increased over the period. In 1880, the global temperature difference was negative. Until 1920, it stayed approximately the same, except for a sudden increase around the year 1900. Between 1920 and 1940, temperatures increased sharply from around -0.25 to almost 0.1 degree Celsius. From 1940 to 1980, temperatures were more or less stable with only slight variations, but since 1980, they have increased steadily, reaching 0.5 degree Celsius in 2011. The average global temperature rose by 0.8 degree Celsius between 1880 and 2011. To sum up, we can see that even if temperatures have fluctuated over the period shown by the graph, the overall trend between 1880 and 2011 is a rise in the temperature. This is what scientists call global warming.


Check Unit 8 # p. 107-108 1. 1/ chromosome2/ nucleus 3/ gene 4/ genome 5/ mutation 6/ molecule 7/ cell 8/ clone

2. Possible answers2/ A nucleus is the central part of a cell. 3/ A gene is a short segment of a chromosome. 4/ A genome is the genetic material of an organism. 5/ A mutation is a natural change in a gene’s structure. 6/ A molecule is the smallest possible element that a substance contains. 7/ A cell is the smallest unit of living matter capable of existing on its own. 8/ A clone is a genetically identical copy of an organism.

3. zoology – zoologist pharmaco (remedy) – pharmacologist – Someone who studies drugs. psychology – psychologist – Someone who studies the mind. socio (associate) – sociologist – Someone who studies society. geology – geo (Earth) – geologist ecology – ecologist – Someone who studies the environment. biology – bio (life) – Someone who studies the life of plants and animals. palaeontology – palaeo (ancient) and onto (being) – Someone who studies fossils.

4. Possible answers1/ ...in order to pass her exams. 2/ ...to understand the story of human evolution. 3/ ...so as to stay healthy. 4/ ...in order to build more schools and train new teachers. 5/ ...to protect my eyes from the sun. 6/ ...so as to improve food security. 7/ ...in order to attract more tourists. 8/ ...so that she can go to school by herself.

5. 1/ He said the / that increase in the humanpopulation had caused the extinction of many species.

2/ ‘I don’t think that the Spanish basketball team is unbeatable,’ said the French captain. 3/ He told reporters that they were a good team too and that they could and would beat them. 4/ The rangers told officials that they had asked for suitable equipment to fight poachers the previous year. 5/ They said that they hadn’t provided equipment and that elephant poaching continued. 6/ The president of Women’s Power said that they needed to empower women in order to develop the / that country. 7/ ‘I don’t have anything to declare but my genius,’ Oscar Wilde told the American custom officers. 8/ She told her friends that she didn’t drink, didn’t smoke and didn’t take drugs. 9/ They said that was the safest way to keep healthy.

6. 1/ The – no article (→ Hunters) – the2/ no article (→ Mangoes) 3/ the – the 4/ no article (→ Poachers) – no article (→ Rangers) 5/ no article – the – no article – no article 6/ no article 7/ The – no article – the – no article – no article 8/ the – the 9/ no article – The – the 10/ the – the – no article

7. Possible answersA What’s that on top of your computer? B It’s a webcam. A What do you use it for? B I use it to have video conversations with my cousins who live in Paris, when I call them with Skype. That way we can both talk to each other and see each other. A How does it work? B The video stream is captured by the computer thanks to this video camera, and it is sent to the Internet. My cousins’ webcam then receives the video, and they’re able to see me!

A What’s this black and white symbol with a number under it? B This is a bar code. A What is it for? B It’s for getting information about products you buy. A How does it work? B A bar code reader is used to scan the bar code which is then read by a computer. The computer displays the information contained in the bar code and allows the cashier to give you the product’s price, for example.


Unit 9 - Wildlife

Lead in # p. 111 1. Possible answers1/ The picture on the left shows a shark; the picture on the right represents an orangutan. 2/ Students are not expected to give the correct answers here, but only to make suppositions. The photo of the shark was taken on a shore of the Sea of Cortez, in Mexico. The photo of the orangutan was taken in Indonesia. 3/ Both photos illustrate the problem of illegal hunting, which is called poaching. Many animal species today, like sharks and orangutans, are in danger of becoming extinct, partly because of illegal killings.

Vocabulary # p. 1112. Adjectives: endangered – extinctNouns: habitat – ranger – species – poacher – conservation – hunter – logging – biodiversity Verbs: destroy – protect

3. 1/ species2/ habitat 3/ logging 4/ poachers 5/ rangers 6/ endangered 7/ extinct

4. SpeakingPossible answers – The order will vary according to the countries. Nearly extinct: the dama gazelle (Senegal, Mali) – the black rhinoceros (Cameroon) Endangered: the chimpanzee, the African wild dog (Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Senegal, Gabon, Benin, Togo, Mali) – the blue whale (Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Senegal, Gabon, Benin, Togo) – the white-throated guenon (Benin, Togo) – the Western gorilla (Cameroon, Gabon) – the African forest elephant (Gabon) Threatened: the African bush elephant, the African manatee, the African golden cat, the hippopotamus (Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Senegal, Gabon, Benin, Togo, Mali) – the cheetah (Cameroon, Senegal, Togo, Mali) –– the lion (Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Senegal, Gabon, Togo, Mali) –the Liberian mongoose (Ivory Coast)

5. Possible answersnatural habitat of the hippopotamus: lakes, rivers and mangrove swamps threats: poaching for meat and ivory teeth – climate change: habitat loss protection: identified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) – the sale of hippo meat is illegal future: possible extinction if poaching and habitat loss continue

7. WritingPossible answer The hippopotamus, also called hippo, is a large mammal that lives in sub-Saharan Africa. Lakes, rivers and mangrove swamps are its natural habitat. However, global warming is affecting this habitat and threatening the hippo’s vital access to fresh water. Hippos have been identified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and the sale of hippo meat is illegal. Despite the regulations, hippos are badly suffering from poaching for their meat and their ivory teeth. If global warming and poaching continue in the future, hippos might become extinct.

Reading # p. 112 1. Before you readPossible answers The photo shows an elephant transported on a lorry. I think the elephant will be relocated to a place where it is less threatened. / I think that the elephant is dead and that poachers killed it to sell its tusks.

2. Possible answerThe purpose of this operation was both to protect villagers and their plantations from the elephants and to prevent the elephants from being killed.

3. 1B – 2A – 3C – 4B – 5B – 6B – 7A – 8B

4. 1/ tusk2/ underscoring 3/ wandered 4/ dropped 5/ startled 6/ relieved


5. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ In my country, there is the... National Park. Several animal species live there, such as... and ... 2/ In my country, several species are threatened: ... and ..., for example, suffer from... The conservation of certain natural habitats like forests / rivers is also threatened. 3/ Yes, some people care / people generally care about the environment, because they believe it is vital for humans to respect nature and animals. / No, people generally don’t care / a lot of people don’t care about the environment: they think humans should dominate nature and use it as they want and need to.

Vocabulary extension # p. 113 → Verbs and nouns 6. 1/ operation2/ organisation 3/ locate 4/ threat 5/ survive 6/ loss

7. 1/ destruction2/ poaching 3/ protection 4/ risks 5/ survival

Pronunciation # p. 113 → Word stress 8. 1/ The destruction of habitat is an importantcause of wildlife extinction. 2/ Asian criminals organise elephant poaching. 3/ Many people are not concerned about the protection of wildlife. 4/ You shouldn’t take unnecessary risks. 5/ The ivory trade is threatening the survival of elephants. We can notice that articles, prepositions, pronouns and auxiliaries are generally not stressed.

Grammar # p. 114 → The passive 1. 1/ past simple2/ past simple 3/ present perfect 4/ present perfect 5/ present simple

6/ future simple 7/ past simple The verbs in sentences 2 and 4 are not in the passive form.

2. Rulesa/ passive b/ past c/ by More passive verbs from the text: ‘The elephants were forced to leave their home’ (paragraph 1) – ‘The relocation operation was conducted by the International Fund for Animal Welfare’ (paragraph 2) – ‘A dozen elephants were given tranquillizers’ (paragraph 2) – ‘they weren’t killed’ (paragraph 2) – ‘If nothing is done to protect them’ (paragraph 3)– ‘The country is even named after the ivory trade’(paragraph 4)

3. 1/ Park rangers have been given guns.2/ The West African black rhinoceros has been exterminated. 3/ Kruger National Park was founded in 1898. 4/ A lot of animals in the park are killed by poachers. 5/ A lot of wild animals were saved by rangers last year.

4. 1/ is protected2/ are shot 3/ was killed 4/ were reintroduced 5/ have been seen

5. 1/ has dropped2/ continue 3/ are sold 4/ are used 5/accelerates 6/ were cut down* 7/ disappear

6. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers True sentences: In France, several bears have been reintroduced into the Pyrenees. The number of wild tigers in the world has strongly decreased. The tiger’s natural habitat is being destroyed by humans. False sentences: In France, all the bears have been killed. Tigers are not killed anymore. Tiger body parts are used in modern medicine.


Communication # p. 115 → Agreeing and disagreeing 1. 1/ agree2/ think 3/ right 4/ do 5/ either 6/ So 7/ you’re 8/ what

4. 1/ Neither would I.2/ Neither am I. 3/ So did I. 4/ So have I. 5/ So will I. 6/ Neither have I.

5. dialogue 1: disagreedialogue 2: disagree dialogue 3: agree

6. Writing and SpeakingPossible answers Statement 1 A I think street hawking alcohol and cigarettes should be forbidden outside schools. B So do I. Children shouldn’t be tempted to buy those harmful products. A That’s exactly what I think. Besides, when you start smoking or drinking at a very young age, it’s very difficult to quit. B Yes, I agree. There should be more controls outside schools. A You’re right. Statement 2 A The government said there should be more national parks in our country. B I agree with that. They are useful to protect endangered species. A I don’t think so. People need land, and national parks are restricted areas where people cannot live or use the land. In my opinion, there are already enough parks in our country. B That’s not what I think. More animals and habitats need to be protected. A Maybe, but I’m not sure that creating more national parks is the best solution for the citizens.

Reading # p. 116 1. Before you readPossible answers I think the picture corresponds to the expression ‘cutting off the branch you’re sitting on’, which suggests that some people don’t realise they

weaken or destroy things that they absolutely need, that are vital for them. People who cut trees, for example, don’t realise that humans need trees in order to survive. The words might be used in an article about climate change, environment or the use of land.

2. 1E – 2D – 3B – 4F – 5A

3. Possible answers1/ Nigeria has to import timber for its domestic needs. (paragraph 1) 2/ The two important causes of deforestation are the timber trade and agriculture. (paragraph 2) 3/ Farmers continue to burn rainforests because rainforest soil is poor and cannot be reused year after year. (paragraph 2) 4/ Forests regulate the climate by absorbing greenhouse gases. (paragraph 3) 5/ Over half the world’s biodiversity is found in rainforests. (paragraph 3) 6/ Rainforests are important because most medicines come from plants that are found in rainforests. (paragraph 4) 7/ The basic function of trees that makes them so important is to provide oxygen. 8/ The writer thinks that deforestation is dangerous, that it is an ‘unnecessary evil’ and that is has to stop. In paragraph 5, he writes that ‘rainforests should be protected’ and ‘deforestation must be stopped’.

4. 1/ crops2/ gases 3/ timber 4/ keep in mind 5/ Landslides 6/ wasteland

5. DiscussionPossible answers I agree with statements 2 and 4: I think it is our duty to protect the natural environment for the next generations. And it is important to act know, instead of letting more destruction and more harm happen. I agree with statement 1, because I think people need to have access to some land to ensure their food security, even if it means destroying some forests. I agree with statement 3, but in my opinion that doesn’t mean that deforestation should be continued. Local people may benefit from deforestation, but the global society doesn’t, so I think deforestation should be stopped.


I disagree with statement 1: forests, which provide oxygen, are vital to all living creatures and they should be protected. I disagree with statement 3; local people don’t necessarily benefit from deforestation, because sometimes the timber is only used for export to countries like Nigeria or Thailand.

Vocabulary extension # p. 117 → Nouns with suffix -less 6. ‘treeless’ (paragraphs 3 and 5) = without trees‘airless’ (paragraph 5) = without air

7. shameless – needless – defenceless – lifeless –powerless – doubtless – effortless – cloudless – helpless

8. Possible answersshameless: someone who shows no embarrassment needless: something that is not necessary defenceless: someone who is unprotected lifeless: something which contains no life powerless: someone who has no strength or no capacity to act doubtless: something that is certain effortless: something that can be done easily cloudless: a sky which is clear and sunny helpless: someone who is not able to defend himself or herself

Pronunciation # p. 117 → /e/ and /a/ 9. /e/: blame – rain – shame – taste – wasteMore words with /e/: save – rate – major – paper – trade/a/: fine – life – line – mind More words with /a/: entire – vital – like – provide – survive

Grammar # p. 118 → The passive with present modals 1. 1/ turned into2/ be 3/ must 4/ could be used 5/ cannot be reused Rule: a

2. 1/ Logging must be controlled in rainforests.

2/ More park rangers should be employed in national parks. 3/ Green tourism could be developed. 4/ Many endangered species cannot be saved. 5/ Poachers must be caught and sent to prison. 6/ The bushmeat trade must be stopped.

3. 1/ National parks can be created.2/ People shouldn’t be ignored. 3/ Children should be educated. 4/ The visit might be finished. 5/ Fishing could be controlled. 6/ Tigers cannot be saved. 7/ Students may be invited. 8/ Poaching must be stopped.

4. 1/ are taken2/ be sensitised 3/ is destroyed 4/ is used 5/ is overexploited 6/ is affected 7/ be blinded

5. SpeakingPossible expressions to use I agree with statement... because I think... In my opinion, ... That’s why I agree with statements... and ... I don’t agree / I disagree with statement... because I believe...

6. Possible answers and expressions to use.Answers will vary depending on the countries. The name of the national park is... / It is called... It has an area of ... square kilometres. It is located near... / between... and ... / in the north / south of the country... It can be reached using the road from... or... The park is home to many various species like African bush elephants, lions, hippopotamuses... It is also known for its great variety of plant species. Wildlife in the park will be protected by the government and numerous rangers will be employed to control that protection. Activities such as conferences / wildlife discovery... will be organised to sensitise people to the importance of protecting the environment. / The park authorities are planning to organise activities such as bird watching, ... or...

7. WritingPossible answer and expressions to use The new national park will be called ... National Park. It will be located in the north of the country, between the ... Region and the ... Region, and will


have an area of about 2,000 square kilometres. A road will be built to access the park from the town of ... The area where the park will be created is home to a great variety of vulnerable animal species, such as African bush elephants, lions or hippopotamuses, and it is also known for its numerous plant species. Wildlife in the park will be protected and hunting will be forbidden. Rangers will be employed by the park authorities to prevent poaching. Just after the creation of the park, activities such wildlife watching and discovery will be organised, to sensitise people to the importance of protecting wildlife and biodiversity.

Vocabulary # p. 119 1. Lead inPossible answer The photo shows three rangers squatting on the ground, probably in a natural reserve or a national park. They are protecting a group of rhinoceroses from attacks by hunters and poachers. This job, which implies protecting animals, especially endangered species, against poachers, involves several risks: rangers might be attacked by the animals they are protecting, and they might also be attacked by the poachers who are trying to kill the animals.

2. 1/ ill-equipped2/ vicious 3/ unarmed 4/ underpaid 5/ outnumbered 6/ lucrative

Listening # p. 119 3. Before you listenPossible answer and expressions to use I think the park ranger will talk about dangers, her daily life and her relationship to her colleagues. She might also talk about fear. In my opinion, she will address the topics of... I think she’s likely to talk about...

4. The park ranger talks about dangers, daily lifeand colleagues. She doesn’t mention hobbies or fear.

5. 1C – 2A – 3B – 4C – 5A – 6A

6. SpeakingPossible answers

1/ First of all, to become a park ranger, I think you need to love nature and animals. You need to be fit and a good runner. Since there are many risks to the job, you also have to be brave and alert. 2/ Rangers should be given better equipment, more guns and radios for instance, so that they can better communicate and protect themselves from poachers, and be more efficient in protecting the animals. The rangers’ salary should also be raised; that could attract more people to the job, and prevent rangers from being outnumbered by poachers. 3/ Yes, I would like to be a park ranger, because I think it’s essential to protect endangered species and I’m not afraid of taking risks. No, I don’t think I would like to be a park ranger; I find the job too risky and I think I couldn’t do it.

Writing # p. 120 → A for and against essay 1. Before you writePossible answers and expressions to use Yes, laws exist in my country to protect animals. For example, it’s forbidden to... or to... I don’t think my country has any laws protecting animals. / I don’t know of such laws in my country.

2. The writer is in favour of animal rights. He thinksanimals shouldn’t be treated cruelly. (paragraph 4) A/ paragraph 4 B/ paragraph 3 C/ paragraph 2 D/ paragraph 1

3. ‘but’ → on the other hand / although (‘Althoughmany people think that animals should be given rights, others disagree’.) ‘What’s more’ → Also / Furthermore ‘like’ → such as / for instance / for example ‘Also’ → What’s more / Furthermore ‘Although’ → but (‘We eat animals, but we don’t have to treat them cruelly’.)

4. 1/ such as / like / for example / for instance2/ Although 3/ Also / What’s more / Furthermore 4/ but

6. Writing taskPossible answer (135 words) Many people today eat bushmeat, which is the meat of wild animals such as antelopes or elephants. Although some people believe eating bushmeat is a harmless habit, others strongly disagree.


One argument for eating bushmeat is that for some people it is the only way they can afford to get meat to feed their family. Also, some people think the meat tastes good. On the other hand, many people argue that eating bushmeat can be dangerous, because animals may carry viruses, like Ebola for instance. What’s more, many of the wild animals that are killed are endangered species and are protected, so eating bushmeat tends to develop poaching. To conclude, I am against eating bushmeat. Not only is it dangerous for people’s health, but it also encourages the killing of protected animals and reinforces poaching.

Check Unit 9 # p. 121-122 1. 1/ habitat2/ biodiversity 3/ extinct 4/ ranger 5/ poacher 6/ logger 7/ conservation 8/ endangered species

2. 1/ logger2/ extinct 3/ conservation 4/ rangers 5/ biodiversity 6/ poacher 7/ habitat 8/ endangered species

3. 1/ greenhouse gases2/ endangered species 3/ landslide 4/ rainforest 5/ wasteland 6/ wildlife

4. 1/ Most West African farmers grow plantain,cassava and yams. 2/ Is a lot a damage caused to farmers’ crops by wild animals in your village?

3/ A banana plantation in Ivory Coast was destroyed by a group of elephants last week. 4/ Were they attacked by the villagers with spears and arrows? 5/ Rangers have caught some hunters for poaching. 6/ Their tusks are sold off to Asian tourists. 7/ The rainforest is being destroyed by poaching and logging. 8/ Thousands of whales have been destroyed for years by Japanese fishermen. 9/ The National Assembly will soon pass a law for the protection of our national parks.

5. There are several possible answers.1/ The wildlife in every country of the world should be / must be respected / protected. 2/ Laws must be respected / taught. 3/ All the citizens of the world should be sensitised. 4/ Anyone can break the law. 5/ Animals’ habitat should be / must be respected / protected. 6/ Logging and poaching should be / must be regulated / punished.

6. 1/ lifeless2/ powerless 3/ cloudless 4/ helpless 5/ useless 6/ effortless

7. Agreeing: That’s exactly what I think! – I agreewith you. – I don’t think so either. – Yes, I think you’re right. – Neither do I. – So do I. Disagreeing: I don’t agree. – That’s not right. – I disagree.

8. 1b – 2e – 3a – 4f – 5c – 6d

9. 1/ Neither can I.2/ So have I. 3/ So did I. 4/ So am I. 5/ Neither will I. 6/ So do I.


Unit 10 - Culture

Lead in # p. 123 1. Possible answersThe photo on the left represents people playing reggae. The singer is Tiken Jah Fakoly, from Ivory Coast. On the right, the photo shows an orchestra from Burkina Faso, probably playing traditional music. On the left-hand picture, we can see an electric guitar and a trumpet. In the orchestra on the right, there are different kinds of drums and percussions, like the djembe.

Vocabulary # p. 1233. 1/ talented2/ singer 3/ lyrics 4/ released 5/ album

4. SpeakingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ I listen to reggae / folk music / rap / techno / traditional music / pop music / rock music / classical music / jazz... 2/ In my country, people play the... and the... / The most common traditional instrument in my country is the... 3/ Yes, I sing in a group / in a choir, but I don’t play any instrument. / Yes, I sing and I play the... / I play the... but I don’t sing. No, I don’t sing or play any instrument. 4/ I know a lot of different music genres: reggae, folk music, rap, hip hop, techno, traditional music, pop music, rock music, classical music, jazz, trance music, world music, blues, funk, country music, ska, disco, rhythm and blues, gospel, hard rock, punk rock, heavy metal...

5. WritingPossible answer King Mensah, also known as The Golden Voice of Togo, is a famous Togolese singer and actor from Lomé, who sings in French, Ewe and Mina. He started acting with Ki-Yi M’Bock Theatre, in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, then travelled to Benin, Europe and Japan, both as a singer and an actor. He released his first album, Madjo, in 1996. The album Soke, released in 2014, is his seventh album. His music is a blend of traditional music, funk and reggae.

Reading # p. 124 1. Before you readPossible answers Angelique Kidjo was born in Benin. She’s Beninese. She sings a blend of Afro pop, reggae and jazz. She is internationally renowned. She won a Grammy Award. She does humanitarian work. She created a foundation to support girls’ education.

3. 1/ true (introduction)2/ not mentioned 3/ true (paragraph 1) 4/ false (paragraph 2) → She was the lead vocalist in a band called Pili Pili. 5/ false (paragraph 2) → She has been living in the USA since she left France. 6/ true (paragraph 3) 7/ not mentioned 8/ true (paragraph 4)

4. 1/ tireless2/ dropped out 3/ audience 4/ fund 5/ lead vocalist 6/ stage

5. Students may use a dictionary or the Wordlist atthe end of their book (pages 158-160).

6. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ In my country, ... and ... are famous singers, and ... is a famous musician. 2/ They sing / play ... music. / Their style of music is... / is a blend between... and... 3/ My favourite singers / musicians are ... and ... / ... is my favourite singer.

Vocabulary extension # p. 125 → Word families 7. life → live (paragraphs 2 and 3)memory → memorable (paragraph 3) music → musical (introduction) energy → energetic (paragraph 3) tradition → traditional (paragraph 3) art → artistic (paragraph 3) power→ powerful (paragraph 3)


8. 1/ achievement2/ combination 3/ poverty 4/ activities 5/ celebrations

9. Possible answersIn which town were you born? What was your childhood like? Which musicians did you listen to when you were a child? Which musicians influenced you most? Who are your favourite musicians? Did you enjoy living in Paris? Why did you decide to live Paris and move to the USA? How would you define your style of music? Could you tell us a little about your humanitarian work? When did you decide to become an activist?

Pronunciation # p. 125 → /ʌ/ and /u�/ 10. /ʌ/: love – fund – discuss – someOther words with /ʌ/: husband – cup – hunger – other /u�/: blues – soon – through Other words with /u�/: grew – school – move – issue

Grammar # p. 126 → Time words (after, before, during, when, while, until) 1. a/ two actions happening at the same time:while – during two actions happening one after another: after – before an action happening up to a specific time: until b/ during

2. 1/ while2/ during 3/ until 4/ Before 5/ When 6/ After

3. 1/ My friend was listening to music during whileI was studying. 2/ I had guitar lessons while when I was 10, and then I gave them up. 3/ After he was leaving school, leaving school / he left school, he started a pop band. 4/ We often go to live concerts until during the weekend.

5/ While When he got home, there was nobody there.

4. 1/ Before2/ After / While 3/ During 4/ while 5/ until 6/ After

5. WritingPossible answers and expressions to use 1/After leaving school, I will study engineering. 2/ During the summer holidays, I often visit my uncle in Bamako. 3/ Before I get a job, I will have to do an internship. 4/ I won’t get married until I finish my studies. 5/ While I was sleeping, my sister was studying for her exams. 6/ When I got home last night, I went directly to bed.

Communication # p. 127 → Asking for and giving directions 1. Dialogue 1: a4 – b2 – c1 – d5 – e3Dialogue 2: a5 – b4 – c1 – d3 – e2

2. 1/ way2/ down 3/ take 4/ right 5/ turn 6/ next

5. The person wants to go to the national museum.1/ national museum 2/ left 3/ third 4/ right 5/ library 6/ 50 7/ bank 8/ post office

6. Writing and SpeakingPossible answer A Excuse me. Could you tell how to get to the park, please? B Yes. First, go down this street for about 200 metres and take the second street on the left. Walk along there until you see the post office, and turn right just after the post office. The entrance of the park is on the left, opposite a bank. You can’t miss it! A Thank you.


Reading # p. 128 1. Lead inPossible answers The photo represents the storyteller Usifu Jalloh during one of his performance. The storyteller is on a stage, making gestures as he tells a story to his audience. It illustrates the tradition of storytelling, a central tradition in African culture.

2. Possible answerUsifu Jalloh comes from Sierra Leone. With his stories, he wants to deliver messages to young people and encourage them to think about their culture and revive the oral tradition.

3. Possible answers1/ The oral tradition in Sierra Leone is ‘slowly dying’. (paragraph 1) 2/ Usifu Jalloh’s storytelling uses ‘humour, a variety of voices, and drums’. (paragraph 2) 3/ Childhood stories used to teach about ‘morality’ and the nation’s ‘history and customs’. (paragraph 2) 4/ Jalloh thinks it is both because of ‘British colonisation’ and ‘the recent civil war’. (paragraph 4) 5/ Jalloh lives ‘in the UK’. (paragraph 5) 6/ He is performing ‘in different regions of Sierra Leone’. (paragraph 5) 7/ His performances appeal to people ‘of all ages’. (paragraph 5) 8/ He started the ‘Maambena Fest’. (paragraph 6)

4. 1/ tickle2/ thrives 3/ relate 4/ revive 5/ stick 6/ depict 7/ salvation 8/ fond

5. 1/ back2/ up 3/ up 4/ on

6. DiscussionPossible answers and expressions to use 1/ Yes, in my country, the tradition of storytelling is also dying. It is not as important as it used to be. / No, the tradition is still very important today. 2/ My favourite childhood stories are stories about... / the stories that tell about...

3/ Yes, these stories often have messages. / Some of these stories have messages. They often teach about morality for example.

Vocabulary extension # p. 129 → Nouns suffixes: -ance, -ation, -ment, -hood 7. performance (paragraph 2) – entertainment(paragraph 3) – colonisation (paragraph 4) – childhood (paragraph 2) More words with these suffixes: entrance – importance – representation – authorisation – development – government – adulthood – nationhood

8. SpeakingPossible answer Story: The Ugly Duckling, a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. Storyline: a mother duck has several eggs; when the eggs hatch, one of the little birds is not like the others, and everyone makes fun of him; he leaves the barnyard and spends the winter alone and suffering from the cold; when spring arrives, he sees a flock of swans and wants to join them even if they make fun of him; but the swans welcome him and he realises, looking at his reflection in the water, that he has turned into a beautiful swan.

10. WritingPossible answer The Ugly Duckling A mother duck is sitting on her eggs. When the eggs hatch, several little birds come out but one of them is not like the others and everyone finds him ugly. All the other animals in the barnyard make fun of him and insult him. He finally decides to leave the barnyard and spends the winter outside, alone, suffering from the cold. When spring arrives, he sees a flock of beautiful swans descending on the lake, and he decides he wants to join them, even if they laugh at him. He’s really surprised when the swans welcome him warmly, but he understands, when he sees his reflection in the water, that he has turned into a beautiful swan himself.

Grammar # p. 130 → Present perfect continuous 1. Rules: 1b – 2a – 3a

2. 1/ How long have you been waiting?2/ She hasn’t been listening to the teacher. 3/ I haven’t been doing anything interesting. 4/ Have they been watching TV?


3. 1/ has been raining2/ have been waiting 3/ have been listening 4/ have been sending 5/ hasn’t been revising 6/ hasn’t been studying

4. 1c – 2e – 3a – 4b – 5d

5. 1/ How long has your father been driving? He’sbeen driving for two hours. 2/ How long have you been reading that book? I’ve been reading that book since yesterday. 3/ How long has she been living in Abidjan? She’s been living in Abidjan since 2012. 4/ How long have those people been watching us? They’ve been watching us for ages.

6. Possible answersI have been studying English for 4 years. I have been going to school for almost 9 years. I have been living in this town since I was born. I have been using a computer since 2012. I have been sitting next to Fatou since September.

7. SpeakingPossible answers How long have you been studying English? I’ve been studying English for 4 years. How long have you been going to school? I’ve been going to school for almost 9 years. How long have you been living in this town? I’ve been living in this town since I was born. How long have you been using a computer? I’ve been using a computer since 2012. How long have you been sitting next to Fatou? I’ve been sitting next to Fatou since September.

Vocabulary # p. 131 1. Lead inPossible answers The photo shows a traditional festival, with people wearing traditional dresses. It is the Ngondo festival, which happens in Douala, Cameroun, every year.

2. Fact: colourful – traditional – contemporary –well-known – diverse – popular – ethnic – religious – modernOpinion: vibrant – unforgettable – relaxing – exciting – lively

3. Possible answersThe people are wearing colourful traditional dresses.

It looks like a very lively event. I think the festival must be really exciting. This traditional festival has a religious aspect.

4. DiscussionPossible expressions to use 1/ In my country, I think the best festivals are... and... They happen... 2/ My favourite festival / celebration is... It happens... 3/ The last festival / celebration I went to was... I went there last..., with... It was... and the people...

Listening # p. 131 5. Dak’Art Festival: visual arts – Dakar – May andJune, every two years – 1996 Ouagadougou Festival: film and television – Ouagadougou – February, every two years – 1969 Voodoo Festival: voodoo activities, horse racing and dancing – Ouidah – January – the 1990s FEMUA: urban music – Anoumabo, a suburb of Abidjan – early April – 2007

6. SpeakingPossible answers I would most like to go the Ouagadougou Festival, because I love films. I would least like to go to the Voodoo Festival, because I find it less interesting.

7. Possible answerA This festival attracts thousands of people. It takes place every year in January, in Douala. It lasts about three weeks. The main ceremony is held on a beach of the Wouri River. There are famous pirogue races. B Is it the Ngondo Festival? A Yes, it is!

Writing # p. 132 → A description of an event 2. Possible answers1/ Solange is in Douala. 2/ She has been in Douala for a few days. 3/ She has been staying with her cousins. 4/ Last weekend she went to the Ngondo festival of the Sawa people on the banks of the Wouri River.

3. 1/ fantastic2/ vibrant 3/ gorgeous 4/ giant 5/extraordinary


4. 1/ He is a talented storyteller who inspirespeople of all ages. 2/ This exotic festival is held in the desert every year. 3/ The wrestling is an exciting event which is incredibly popular. 4/ The audience loved her powerful voice and traditional songs.

6. Writing taskPossible answer (160 words) Hi Rachel, How are you? How is your family? I’ve been staying with my older brother in Danané, in Western Ivory Coast, for the holidays. Last weekend, he took me to Man for the annual Festival of Masques, a well-known festival which attracts people from all over the country. The festival was gorgeous, I had an incredible time! There were groups of dancers coming from several villages in the region, competing against each other. Each group did a performance and at the end of the festival, some judges chose the best group. The dancers were all extremely talented and the dances were fantastic. Each of the dancers wore a beautiful and colourful mask that they used to pay tribute to the spirits. The atmosphere was incredibly exciting, and the whole event was unforgettable! You should try to go one year, it’s really a fascinating festival, and it’s worth seeing it! See you soon. Say hi to your family. Love, Flora

Check Unit 10 # p. 133-134 1. brotherhood – childhood – depiction –relaxation empowerment – achievement – government – resistance – appearance

2. 1/ scène2/ question, problème 3/ soutenir 4/ aider, assister 5/ public 6/ blessure 7/ se reposer 8/ représentation

3. 1/ rest2/ injury 3/ audience – performed – stage

4/ government 5/ Childhood – adulthood 6/ issue

4. 1/ past2/ present 3/ past 4/ present 5/ past 6/ present

5. 1/ My sister has been biking to school for threeyears. 2/ My family has been living in a house for fours years. 3/ Dad has been driving his car to work for ten years. 4/ Mum has been working at her present job for five years. 5/ My family has been using a colour TV for five years.

6. 1/ My sister has been biking to school since shegot a bike for her birthday. 2/ My family has been living in a house since we moved to this town. 3/ Dad has been driving his car to work since he started his present job. 4/ Mum has been working at her present job since we moved to this area. 5/ My family has been using a colour TV since we sold our old TV set.

7. Possible answersBefore I do domestic chores, I do my homework. After I watch TV, I take a shower. Before I get dressed, I take a shower. After I get up, I get dressed. Before I watch TV, I do my homework. After I brush my teeth, I take a shower.

8. 1/ until2/ during 3/ When 4/ while 5/ when 6/ while

9. 1/ straight2/ right 3/ turn 4/ down 5/ past 6/ left


Writing training 1 # p. 137

1. 1/ The general topic is malaria.2/ The topic sentence is the first sentence. 3/ The first sentence – the topic sentence – best announces the topic of the paragraph.

2. Correct order: 2 – 1 – 3 – 4The topic sentence is sentence 2, ‘Schools should encourage all young people to practise sport’.

3. Possible answers1/ My best friend and I have a lot in common. 2/ I really appreciate John. / John is one of my best friends.

3/ I met Doris at the theatre club / at the English club / at the basketball practise. 4/ Nadia doesn’t have many friends. / I don’t get on very well with Nadia.

5. Possible answerFake drugs kill thousands of people worldwide every year. Fake drugs are cheap and can be found easily on the market. But even if people cannot afford to buy genuine drugs, they shouldn’t buy fake ones. Most of them are toxic and may deteriorate people’s health.


1. Tatiana is writing to Yoyo because she is worriedabout her friend Aicha and she would like some advice. 1/ Hi 2/ Please write soon. 3/ Bye for now.

2. 1/ I’m really / very / extremely concerned aboutmy friend Tom. 2/ He used to be really brilliant at basketball. 3/ She often looks really / very / extremely tired. 4/ They behave really / very / extremely badly at home. 5/ He speaks really / very / extremely rudely to our parents. 6/ His behaviour is really terrible.

3. some really awful peoplea very / a really / an extremely good student really terrible very / really / extremely pale

4. Possible answers1/ I’m worried about my cousin Andrew. 2/ He hangs out with a group of people who have a bad influence on him.

3/ These people steal and take drugs. 4/ What’s more, he often wears expensive clothes, and I think he steals them. 5/ He also skives off school, and he stays out all night. 6/ He used to be a very good student, but now he has really bad results. 7/ He argues a lot with his parents.

5. Possible answerDear Brahim, I need your help. I’m worried about my cousin Andrew. He hangs out with a group of people who have a very bad influence on him. These people steal and take drugs. What’s more, Andrew often wears really expensive clothes, and I think he steals them. Andrew also skives off school, and he stays out all night. He used to be a very good student, but now he has extremely bad results. He argues with his parents all the time. What do you think I should do? Do you think I should tell his parents or a teacher? Write soon. Bye for now. Yedo



1. Dacko and Solange are brother and sister. Dackois away from home, studying in college in Great-Britain, and Solange is at home with her parents. Inappropriate expressions or phrases: ‘It was a pleasure’ → ‘It was great’ ‘I look forward to hearing from you soon.’ → ‘I hope you write soon.’ / ‘Please write back soon.’ ‘Yours faithfully’ → ‘All the best’ / ‘Take care’ / ‘Bye’.

2. Possible answers‘Have you made any friends?’ → Yes, I have. / Yes, I’ve made a lot of friends since I arrived. ‘Are British people friendly?’ → Yes, British people are very / really / quite friendly. / Well, they are ok. ‘Oh, and what’s the weather like?’ → The weather is really bad / cold / windy. / It rains all the time / a lot. / The weather is ok / not so bad / really unpredictable. You can never know in the morning if the day will be sunny or rainy. ‘Is it as cold as people say?’ → Yes, it is, it’s terrible, and I really miss the sun! / It’s quite cold, but I got used to it now. / Well, I think it’s not as bad as people say.

3. Possible answers

1/ What is the food like? The food is ok. / The food tastes different from what we eat at home, but I like it. / The food sometimes tastes a bit strange but most of it is good. / I don’t really like the food; I miss my mother’s food! 2/ Have you seen a premier league football match? No, never. / Yes, once / a few times / several times... 3/ Have you heard from any school friends? Yes, I have heard from... and... But I haven’t heard of... / No, I haven’t heard from any of them. I haven’t kept in touch with them. 4/ What do you do in your free time? In my free time I listen to music / watch TV / play games / practise sport / go running / chat with my friends / send text messages to my friends / hang out with my friends... 5/ Do you practise any sports? Yes, I do. I practise... every... I also... / No, I don’t. 6/ Do you like the food? Yes, I do. / Not really. / No, I don’t really like it. / No, I don’t like it at all.

4. 1/ How are you?2/ How is everybody at home? 3/ Has he found one yet? 4/ How are they all doing? 5/ Could you send it to me?


2. Sentence b

3. 1/ The first sentence of the article bestsummarises the main idea of paragraph 1: ‘The world today is not a happy place.’ This idea is supported by the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th sentences of the paragraph. 2/ The first sentence of paragraph 2 best summarises the main idea: ‘In the second half of the 21st century, the world will be a better place to live.’ All the other sentences in the paragraph support this idea. 3/ The third paragraph sums up the writer’s opinion and concludes the article.

4. Correct order: Every year, June 1st is thenational Tree Day in Benin. On this day, each citizen is encouraged to plant a tree. Whoever you are, join this national campaign for making your country a better place to live. Hopefully, in the year 2025, Benin will be a green country.

5. Possible answers1/ People will be able to use it for cooking instead of firewood. Each family will have the possibility to produce its own energy. Families will reduce their energy expanses.


2/ It is cheap. What’s more, it uses a renewable source of energy and doesn’t pollute. 3/ The dam will produce electricity for all the houses in the village. / People will have easier and cheaper access to energy. / Many houses will be flooded. People will be relocated. 4/ All you need to produce it is organic matter and a biogas generator. You don’t need to add any special treatment.

6. Possible answerLife in my country today is not always easy. Many people don’t have access to efficient healthcare services or can’t afford medicines. Children from poor families, especially girls, cannot always go to school, or have to interrupt their education to get

a job and help their parents. Poverty and malnutrition are still serious problems. But I think that in 50 years, some things will have improved. There will be less pollution because people will use more renewable energies. Gender inequality in education will have reduced and more girls will be able to go to school. Malnutrition will still exist, but fewer and fewer families will be affected. I believe that in 50 years, in my country, some of the problems that exist today will still exist, but that on the whole, the situation will be better. I can only hope I will be right!


1. Possible answerFifonsi is a woman who works hard to take care of her family.

2. 1/ Paragraph 22/ Paragraph 3 3/ In the evening, she cooks, eats dinner with her children, and goes to bed early (paragraph 4). 4/ She’s proud of her children because they are intelligent and well-behaved (paragraph 5). 5/ Function of paragraph 1: answer c Function of paragraph 5: answer b

3. Possible answers1/ She has to work hard because she must take care of her children and work on the farm. / because her family needs money. 2/ She helps the children get water from a neighbour because there is no water supply where the family lives. 3/ She is very tired in the evening, so she usually / generally goes to bed early. 4/ She brings firewood home from market because they can’t buy charcoal. 5/ She is a happy woman because her children are intelligent and well-behaved.

4. Possible answers1/ because 2/ so 3/ so 4/ because 5/ so

5. Possible answerAngelique Kidjo is a famous singer and composer from Benin. She gives concerts all around the world so she travels a lot, but even when she stays in New York, her days are very busy. In the morning, she has to practise her singing and to rehearse with her musicians. She also works on new songs because she has to prepare her next albums. In the afternoon, she has to meet with her agent to plan her next concerts and organise her schedule. Sometimes she presides over a meeting with the Batonga Foundation. In the evening, if she doesn’t perform, she does some more rehearsing or goes to see other artists’ performances, so she rarely stays at home! Angelique Kidjo works hard but I think she must love her job and she must feel proud because so many people admire her!


Writing training 6

1. Victorine L. Kakpo wrote the letter to MadamGenevieve Ahossi. She wrote it to apply for the job of secretary for an NGO.

2. grammar mistakes: ‘I’m thinking’ → I think – ‘Ido’ → I did – ‘I have bilingual’ → I am – ‘I have a part-time job’ → I have had – ‘since’ → for – ‘hear’ → hearing spelling mistakes: ‘aply’ → apply – ‘telefone’ → telephone punctuation mistake: ‘Madam;’ → Madam, incorrect word order: ‘studies secretarial’ → secretarial studies

3. 1/ a: paragraph 1 – b: paragraph 3 – c:paragraph 2 2/ It means that Victorine joined her CV to her letter.

4. 1/ I have graduated from Pythagoras Universitysince last year. 2/ I am writing to informing inform you that I have done well in the English test. 3/ I have am bilingual. 4/ I would like applying to apply for the job which you advertised in The Times.

5. Possible answerPO Box 1007

Sikasso Mali February 12, 2016

Mr Assane Traoré Managing director POB 02 100 Bamako Mali

Dear Mr Traoré, I’d like to apply for the job as an assistant accountant for your NGO which was published in L’Essor last Wednesday. I graduated from the Institute of Management at the University of Bamako, where I did a course in finance and accounting. I also spent a year studying in England and I am therefore fluent in both French and English. I did a six-month internship in a tourism agency, assisting the accountant with monthly management accounts and budgeting. Since September 2014, I have been working as a volunteer assistant accountant in a hospital, where I write and check reports in French and English. I have good computer skills and I am flexible and dedicated. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Jonathan Diallo

Writing training 7

1. 1/ In the first place2/ In addition 3/ In conclusion

2. Possible answers1/ The opinion the writer wants to share with readers is that the practice of sport should be promoted everywhere in the world. 2/ This opinion is clearly stated in the first paragraph, which introduces the essay and present the writer’s opinion.

3/ The first argument given by the writer is that sport is good both for our physical and mental health. It is developed in the second paragraph. The second argument is that sport helps promote peace between nations; it is developed in the third paragraph. 4/ The second and the third paragraph are introduced by the linkers ‘In the first place’ and ‘In addition’. 5/ The writer signals the end of the essay by using the linker ‘In conclusion’.


3. a/ to sum upb/ first of all c/ to sum up

4. Possible answerAll children should be offered the possibility to practise sport regularly, because it teaches them self-discipline in many different ways. First of all, practising a sport develops motivation and determination. These qualities are essential not only in sport but also in every day life. For

example, they can help children improve their working capacity and achieve higher goals in life. In addition, sport encourages team spirit and teaches children to respect not only the rules but also the other players. This generally has a positive impact on children’s future ability to cooperate with others. In conclusion, the regular practice of sport teaches children self-discipline in many ways, a quality which plays an important role both individually and collectively.

Writing training 8

1. 1C – 2D – 3B – 4A – 5E

2. 1/ shows2/ has risen 3/ was 4/ rose 5/ sharply 6/ doubled

3. 1/ The first paragraph presents the topic of thegraph. 2/ The second paragraph describes the graph in detail. 3/ The third and last paragraph summarises the main facts.

4. 1/ increased steadily2/ rose more sharply 3/ has doubled

Writing training 9

1. 1/ such as2/ but 3/ Furthermore / What’s more 4/ On the other hand 5/ What’s more / Furthermore 6/ Although

2. 1/ paragraph 42/ paragraph 3 3/ paragraph 2 4/ paragraph 1

3. The writer signals the end of the essay by usingthe linker ‘In conclusion’ at the beginning of the last paragraph.

4. 1/ like / for example / for instance2/ yet / nevertheless 3/ Furthermore / Also / Besides 4/ such as / for instance / like

5. Possible answerIn some schools, all students have to wear a uniform. Some people think it is a good thing, but others disagree. One argument in favour of school uniform is that it promotes equality. There can be no discrimination based on appearance. For example, students from poor families cannot be mocked for the way they dress. What’s more, some people think school uniform tends to encourage discipline.


On the other hand, students wearing school uniforms all look alike, and they cannot express their personality or their identity through their clothes. Also, the school clothes are not always comfortable for the students.

In conclusion, I am in favour of school uniform. Although some students would prefer to choose their clothes, I think it is better when everyone wears the same clothes at school.

Writing training 10

1. great → excitinggreatest → most fascinating good → talented beautiful → gorgeous big → enormous (The article has to be changed: ‘an enormous square’.) nice → rich

2. In paragraph b, ‘very good’ is replaced by‘brilliant’, ‘excellent’ is replaced by ‘fantastic’, ‘nice’ is replaced by ‘amazing’ and ‘very pleased’ is replaced by ‘thrilled’.

3. 1/ talented – powerful2/ vibrant 3/ fascinating 4/ huge 5/ extraordinary

4. Possible answerHi Ngono,

How are you? How is your family doing? I’ve been staying with my best friend in Bafoussam for a week. Last Sunday was the last day of the Nyang Nyang Cultural Festival of the Fussep people. It was an extraordinary event! This traditional festival is celebrated every two years and lasts four months, between November and March. But the last day of the festival is when the most exciting events happen. First, several girls competed for the election of Miss Nyang Nyang, wearing beautiful costumes and all looking gorgeous. Then, it was the Koumdze Dance, an incredible ceremony! All the dancers were bare foot, to keep contact with the earth, and each of them wore a huge panther skin. The king of the Bafoussam himself took part in the dancing, and the whole atmosphere was so vibrant! I hope you get a chance to see it one day, it’s really worth it! See you soon. Say hi to your family. Amadou


Prepare for the exam!

Units 1-2

Reading comprehension # p. 31 1. Possible answers1/ The text mentions four of Grandma’s remedies: the cough medicine, the steam baths, the roast green plantains and the therapy for conjunctivitis. 2/ Ayo and John have the same grandmother: they can be brother and sister, or cousins. 3/ ‘John, do you remember some of those home remedies that Grandma used to prepare for us when we were little kids?’ (lines 1-2) – ‘What about the steam baths she used to give us when we had fevers or malaria?’ (line 9) – ‘Do you remember how you used to hide your tablets and throw them under the bed when no one was looking?’ (lines 17-18) 4/ a: cough – b: fevers or malaria – c: diarrhoea – d: conjunctivitis 5/ The patient had to sit for at least thirty minutes (line 10). 6/ The children went to the health centre (line 16). 7/ Ayo hid her tablets and threw them under the bed (line 18). 8/ John and Ayo think that many of their Grandma’s remedies were not very good, and some were ‘horrible’ (line 3-4). They are not sure whether they were all really effective or not. For example, they think that the cough medicine was ‘horrible’ (line 4), but that it ‘seemed to work’ (line 8). The steam baths were ‘terrible’ (line 10), and John doesn’t think they worked (lines 15-16). The roasts green plantains were ‘ok’ (line 20), but ‘didn’t always work’ (lines 20-21). The therapy for conjunctivitis was ‘ridiculous’ and ‘dangerous’ (line 23), and Ayo’s not sure ‘whether it was effective’ (line 26). 9/ I think home remedies are effective most of the time. People have used them for generations and they have cured many patients. But I think there cannot be a home remedy for every disease. Some diseases are too serious and too dangerous to be treated only at home and you need to go to a health centre or a hospital to treat them. I think some home remedies are effective, but others are not. It depends on the kind of disease or injury you suffer from. / I think some minor diseases like cough or diarrhoea can be treated at

home, when they are not too serious. But if they are too serious, the home remedies won’t be effective.

2. 1/ remedies2/ boiled 3/ disgusting 4/ screamed

3. 1/ remember2/ wet 3/ dangerous 4/ effective

Vocabulary # p. 32 1. 1/ impatient2/ slowly 3/ irresponsible 4/ inefficient 5/ disorganised

2. Possible answersJustine: Let’s go to the sports centre. Lekane: No, thanks. I don’t want to do sport. Justine: What’s the matter? You look tired. Lekane: I couldn’t / didn’t sleep last night. I’m not feeling well. Justine: Sorry / I’m sorry to hear that. Did you eat something bad? Lekane: No, I don’t think so / I didn’t. I think I have a fever. Justine: Maybe you should see / call a doctor. Lekane: It’s OK. I feel better now. Justine: Well, how about going to my house and listening to some music? Lekane: Good idea. Let’s do that!

3. 1/d2/e 3/b 4/a 5/c


Grammar # p. 321/ tastes 2/ admire 3/ gave up 4/ Riding 5/ used to 6/ go 7/ grow 8/ take up

Writing # p. 32 Possible answers Task 1 (198 words) Dear Afia, I hope you are well. How is your new school in London? Are you getting used to the English life? Here, everyone is fine, I’m still quite busy with my schoolwork and the basketball practices with the school club. We had a match last month; we didn’t win but we had a lot of fun. And this time there was a new boy in the team, David, who had just arrived from Bamako. He’s an excellent player! I met him on the bus while I was going to the stadium and we talked a lot. He has lived in many different countries, like France, Mali and Cameroon. He’s really nice and we discovered we have a lot in common. The next day, I invited him to come to my house; we listened to some music and played video games. We had a really great time! Since then we have spent a lot of time together, and he’s become a real friend! Maybe I can introduce you to him some day if you come back for the holidays, I’m sure you’ll like him! Write soon and let me know how you are doing! Bye for now, Yedo

Task 2 A/ (157 words) Today, a lot of people buy medicine from street markets, but they don’t realise that it is fake and can be really dangerous. Many people cannot afford to buy genuine medicine because it is too expensive. So when they get sick, they go to the market and buy fake medicine, believing it can help to cure them. But these medicines can make the situation worse for the person who is sick. Some people even die because of fake medicines, which can be toxic and cause new diseases.

It is illegal to sell fake medicines, but the problem is that international criminal organisations control the trade and make a lot of money out of it. The police try to stop it, but they are not efficient enough. I think people should be aware of the danger that fake medicines represent. They should encourage governments to invest more on genuine medicine and to sell them at a cheaper price.

B/ (157 words) Today, some people still use traditional ways of healing patients. I think these remedies can be effective if they are combined with modern remedies. A lot of people use home remedies for minor diseases like cough or diarrhoea. For example, my grandmother still makes her own cough medicine with lemons boiled in water. It tastes really bitter but it generally works. In my opinion, people should continue to use those home remedies for such diseases. Home remedies have been effective for generations, and besides, they are free. But if the health of the patient is really bad or deteriorates, one should go to a health centre or a hospital. Some diseases like malaria or the measles are too dangerous to be treated at home. On the whole, I believe traditional remedies can be effective for some diseases, but not for all. It is important to see a doctor when the state of the patient is too serious.

C/ (156 words) I think it is really important to make new friends. Friends are an essential part of one’s life. You spend a lot of time with them, and they can make you discover or learn new things. True friends are the ones you can share exciting moments and have fun with, but they also represent people you can rely on at difficult times. They can back you up when you have a problem or are feeling bad. What’s more, friends you trust help you grow up and they become part of who you are. Your best friends take part in shaping your personality. It is true that you can keep some childhood friends all your life, but I also find it important to meet new people and make new friends. These new friends can make you discover different things and help you stay open-minded and curious. That’s why I believe it is important to make new friends.



Units 3-4

Reading comprehension # p. 57 1. Possible answers1/ Facebook, Linkd’In and Twitter. 2/ False (paragraph 2). 3/ You can post photos, video and comments (paragraph 2). 4/ Answer c (paragraph 2). 5/ Answers a, b and c (paragraph 2). 6/ Answers a and c (paragraph 3). 7/ You should not post an embarrassing photo (paragraph 3). 8/ Generally, children are not allowed to access social networking websites under the age of 13 (paragraph 4). 9/ They lie about their age (paragraph 4). 10/ For: Parents can check what is going on (paragraph 5). Against: Parents can embarrass their child if they post certain photos or comments (paragraph 5).

Vocabulary # p. 58 1. 1/ Solar2/ Geothermal 3/ firewood 4/ Biogas 5/ download

2. 1/ valuable2/ receptionist 3/ gardener 4/ knowledgeable 5/ enjoyable

Grammar # p. 58 1. 1/ since2/ for 3/ ago

2. 1/ have2/ are going 3/ will 4/ ever

5/ crashes

3. 1/ don’t hurry2/ has passed 3/ have they lived 4/ will travel 5/ are getting

Writing # p. 58 Possible answers Task 1 (165 words) Saturday 2nd December Dear John, It was great to hear from you. I’m sorry I haven’t written for ages. I’ve been really busy these last weeks. My mum has been sick and had to go to hospital for a few days, so I had a lot to do at home to help my father with the housework. I also had to go shopping for food and to take care of my two younger brothers. But she’s fine now, and I’m relieved she’s back at home and healthy! At school, everything’s fine, I still go to the English club twice a week in the afternoon and I really enjoy it. I hope I can travel to London one day and practise my English with British people! How about you? How are things in your new school? Are you getting used to it and making new friends? I hope you’ll come back soon for a visit, I miss our long chats! Write back soon, Take care, Obame

Task 2 (169 words) I believe life in 2035 won’t be much different from what it is today. Some problems will have increased and others will be less serious, but the world will be more or less similar. In 2035, there will be even more people on Earth than today, and the overpopulation will increase inequalities. The poorest people’s lives will continue to be difficult, with insufficient access to basic services like healthcare or sanitation water. In the same time, rich people will still be rich.


Some things might have started improving in 2035. For example, I think the energy crisis will be partly solved, thanks to the development of alternative energy sources. Access to education will also be better; more girls will be able to go to school and to have access to higher education. In general, I am not too optimistic about life in 2035. Even if some problems will be a bit less serious, I think the general situation of the world will be very similar to the present situation.

Task 3 (184 words) Many teenagers today use social networking, which means they communicate with other people online thanks to special websites, Facebook for example. There are both advantages and disadvantages to social networking. One advantage of social networking is that it is easy to use. You just need to choose your website

and create an account with a password and then you can use the network. You can post anything you want on your page. It is very convenient if you want to share photos or videos with friends or relatives who live far away. On the other hand, there can be some disadvantages to using social networking. When you use a networking site, you need to be aware of certain dangers. For instance, you should restrict access to personal information to people you choose. Social networks are like public places, and you do not want everyone to be able to see – and potentially use – embarrassing photos or comments that you may post. On the whole, I think there are more advantages than disadvantages to social networking, but you should always be careful to keep it safe.



Units 5-6

Reading comprehension # p. 83 1. 1B – 2D

2. 1/ True (paragraphs 1 and 2)2/ False (paragraph 1 → Kimbareta was thirty-five years old when they got married.) 3/ True (paragraph 1) 4/ True (paragraph 2) 5/ True (paragraph 5) 6/ True (paragraph 2)

3. Countable: village – behaviourUncountable: childhood – meat – fish – land – money

Vocabulary # p. 84 1. 1/ The new project is solely for the poor.2/ Here is the home for the deaf. 3/ The English have a beautiful country. 4/ It is our duty to look after the old. 5/ This part of town is for the rich.

2. 1/ money2/ Literacy 3/ Day 4/ enrolment

Grammar # p. 84 1. 1/ This is the teacher who was looking for you.2/ This is my friend whose mother is from Senegal. 3/ This is the piano which we bought on our recent trip to Paris. 4/ She’s a magician who plays tricks in the local restaurant.

2. 1/ many2/ mustn’t 3/ have to 4/ herself

3. 1/ many2/ a few / few

3/ mustn’t / are not allowed to 4/ don’t have 5/ everywhere

Writing # p. 84 Possible answers Task 1 (163 words) I am usually quite busy on weekends. On Saturdays, both my parents work and come back late in the evening, so I have to take care of my younger brothers and sisters. They come with me to the market in the morning, where we shop for food. Then, I cook for them and do some housework. In the afternoon, we generally go visit our grandparents or just stay at home and play outside with the neighbours’ children. When my parents are back, I have to do my homework. If I have time after that, I call some friends or watch TV. On Sundays, I don’t have to get up early. I usually go to church at 11 am. After lunch, I meet friends, play football with my brothers and sisters or just relax at home. On Sunday evenings, I finish my homework or revise for tests. I have to go to bed early, otherwise I don’t manage to get up on Monday mornings!

Task 2 (198 words) Dear Sir, I have recently learned that an epidemic of malaria has started in the capital, partly because of the exceptionally high temperatures of last month. I would like to offer any help that is possible to UNESCO workers in order to stop the epidemic and prevent it from spreading all over the country. I have worked for three years as a volunteer at the local health centre and I am keen to organise an emergency meeting between health workers and the local population. I believe this could be useful to inform people of the situation and let them know what they can do to protect themselves and their families. If you can provide us with some anti-malarial medicine, I will be happy to hand it out to the local population and see that it is correctly used. I also


offer to travel to remote villages with other volunteers to help people who cannot come to the health centre. Please feel free to join me on my mobile if you need any further information. I do hope we can all work together to stop the epidemic. I look forward to hearing from you soon, Yours faithfully, Daniel Eteki

Task 3 (157 words) In some societies today, girls continue to be marginalised. They are considered to be inferior to boys, and they are not given the same opportunities to choose their own life. I think there are several reasons to that.

First, some cultures traditionally believe that a woman’s role is only to stay at home, have children, do the housework and obey her husband. That’s why girls aren’t expected to go to school and learn a trade. In these cultures, a woman isn’t supposed to be independent. Also, I believe that poverty plays an important role. Education can be expensive and some parents cannot afford to pay school fees, buy textbooks or uniforms for all their children. And when they have to choose, they generally favour boys. In conclusion, I think girls continue to be marginalised in some societies because of cultural beliefs but also because of poverty. Fighting against poverty would be one way to reduce the inequality.



Units 7-8

Reading comprehension # p. 109 1. Possible answers1/ Biological evolution refers to the way the characteristics of living organisms changed over generations. (paragraph 1) 2/ Scientists have discovered that about 98.5% of the genomes of apes and humans are identical. (paragraph 2) 3/ Humans’ closest relatives are chimpanzees. (paragraph 2)

2. 1/ identical (paragraph 2)2/ ancestors (paragraph 3) 3/ died out (paragraph 4) 4/ humanlike (paragraph 4)

3. 1/ single (paragraph 1)2/ clearer (paragraph 4) 3/ impossible (paragraph 5) 4/ complete (paragraph 5)

4. 1/ True → paragraph 2, ‘humans and modernAfrican apes share a common ancestor.’ 2/ False → paragraph 2, ‘it does not mean that we evolved from chimps.’ 3/ False → paragraph 4, ‘Many of these early hominids left no descendents and simply died out.’ 4/ False → paragraph 5, ‘it may be impossible to decide which fossil represents this species.’

Vocabulary # p. 110 1. origin: beginningspectators: onlookers beat: won create: make outcome: result

2. 1/ more2/ extinct 3/ Seeing 4/ rights 5/ united

3. 1/ failed2/ better 3/ so 4/ so as / in order 5/ referee 6/ scored

Grammar # p. 1101/ so 2/ such 3/ most 4/ because 5/ as 6/ more

Writing # p. 110 Possible answers Topic 1 (156 words) Sports men and women develop many different values, which can play an important role both on an individual and a collective level. In the first place, sports people develop values such as determination and competitiveness. These values can help them achieve higher goals in life and teach them never to give up. People who practise sport regularly also develop their self-esteem and feel more confident in what they do. In addition, practising a sport develops team spirit and discipline. Sports men and women are used to working with other people. They have to follow a strict lifestyle together with their partners in order to achieve a common goal, and they have to trust the people they work with. In conclusion, I think sports people develop many important values such as determination, competitiveness, team spirit and discipline. And all these values are essential not only in sport, but also in every day life, both individually and collectively.

Topic 2 (162 words) Some people believe that magic can have an impact on sport results, and influence the outcome


of a football match, for example. In my view, magic has no effect. Firstly, sports teams that consult witchdoctors or marabouts and use charms or muti don’t have more luck and don’t win more often than other teams. Also, most of the important football clubs today have stopped using magic. These facts show that magic doesn’t help the teams and is not efficient. Secondly, I don’t agree with people who would like magic to replace professional training or technical skills. To be able to win, a team must train hard and follow a strict routine, and magic has nothing to do with a possible success. To conclude, I think that magic is not effective in sports. Only by training hard can a team manage to win. And I believe that this is the reason why The Confederation of African Football has banned magic from the stadiums.

Topic 3 (194 words) Human beings have always had a strong impact on the natural world. They have often tried to

dominate nature, including other species of plants and animals. That is why I agree with people who say that ‘human beings are responsible for the destruction of other species on Earth’. First of all, the rapid population growth in the last two centuries has had many negative consequences on the environment. The increase of urbanisation and the need for more land have led to a destruction of many natural habitats. Many species of plants and animals have therefore become extinct. Several species, such as the lion or the hippopotamus, are seriously threatened. In addition, the exploitation of other species by human beings largely contributes to their destruction. Not only do people hunt to feed themselves, but they also kill animals to make money out of them, selling the elephants’ ivory tusks for instance. And many people do not respect the regulations that protect endangered animals. To sum up, I believe that human beings should show more respect to other species on Earth and be aware of the impact of their behaviour on the environment they live in.



Units 9-10

Reading comprehension # p. 135 Possible answers 1/ Yes; according to the first sentence of the text, ‘wolves once roamed throughout the United States, living in harmony with early human populations.’ 2/ When the Europeans arrived in the New World, there were around 2 million wolves. (paragraph 2) 3/ They killed the wolves for their pelts and because they were considered a threat to the cattle. (paragraph 2) 4/ The author means that all living species have a specific place in the ecosystems where they live, and that they are all indispensable to the stability of the ecosystems. 5/ The writer thinks the wolf should be protected. In paragraph 6, he writes that ‘wolves must be protected everywhere.’ 6/ The statement is false. In paragraph 5, the author indicates that ‘animals that roam outside the parks are regularly shot by locals.’

Vocabulary # p. 136 1. a/ herdsb/ preyed c/ roamed d/ exterminate e/ predators

2. 1/ destruction2/ cure 3/ extinction 4/ barren 5/ parks

3. 1/ wildlife / biodiversity2/ heritage 3/ rate 4/ Loggers’ 5/ layer

Grammar # p. 136 1/ Measures have been taken by the authorities to protect the parks. 2/ We must save natural resources for future generations. 3/ The boss gave each rancher a two-way radio. 4/ Disastrous forest destruction is caused by agriculture. 5/ The festival is held in April each year.

Writing # p. 136 Possible answers Task 1 (156 words) Lobeke National Park is located in the south eastern part of Cameroon, next to the borders with the Central African Republic and the Congo Republic. Is has an area of around 2,000 square kilometres. The park has a very rich fauna and flora. For example, it is home to 300 species of trees as well as 45 different species of mammals, like African forest elephants, chimpanzees, gorillas or leopards. It is also known for its great variety of bird species. Ecotourism has recently developed in the park. The authorities have built observation towers for tourists and guides have been trained to escort the visitors. Although some rangers have been hired to work in the Lobeke National Park, they are not powerful enough to protect it from timber exploitation and illegal poaching – for bushmeat or ivory for example. Birds such as parrots are also threatened by illegal export. The authorities are trying to improve the park’s protection.

Task 2 (159 words) The human population has been rising sharply in the last two centuries. This growth led to an increase in urbanisation, which has had many negative consequences on the natural world. Firstly, urbanisation often brings about the destruction of natural habitats. People need more land, and many forests or other natural ecosystems are destroyed to build houses or


factories. The consequences of deforestation on the Earth’s biodiversity are disastrous; many species have lost their habitat and become extinct. Secondly, urbanisation has led to an increase in the use of natural resources, including non-renewable resources, which will one day be depleted. Due to a high demand for energy, mineral resources such

as oil or coal are being intensely exploited. What’s more, their extraction often causes pollution. To conclude, urbanisation has had a strong negative impact on the environment. Even if more people today are aware of that impact, there is still a lot to do to better protect the natural world.


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