FORM 5

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

CHAPTER 12: COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

Objective Items12.1Coordination And Response1.Specialised endings of nerve fibre that detect information are called.

A.Effectors

B.Sensory receptor

C.Stimuli

D.The integrating centre

2. The afferent pathway is the transmission of nerve impulses from the

A.Effectors to the sensory receptors B.Integrating centre to the effectors C.Sensory receptors to the effectors

D.Sensory receptors to the integrating centre3. What is meant by stimulus?

A.A change in the level of the factor being regulated

B.A structure to detect an environmental change

C.To enable the receptor to detect changes brought about by the effectors

D.To receive integrate information and to trigger action that will correct the change in stimulus

4.The figure shows a biological control system.

What could be P, Q and R?PQR

AReceptorStimulusNerve impulse

BStimulusReceptorEffector

CReceptorEffectorStimulus

DStimulusEffectorReceptor

5.Coordination and response are carried out by the

Ilymphatic system

IIendocrine system

IIIcirculatory system

IVnervous system

A. I and III only

B. I and IV only

C. II and IV only

D. III and IV only

12.2The Role Of The Human Nervous System6.What is the function of cerebrum?

A. Initiates and controls all voluntary actions

B. Coordinates movement and maintains body balance

C. Controls and coordinates all involuntary actions

D. Controls all voluntary and involuntary actions

7.Which of the following is an example of a voluntary action?

A. Knee jerk reflex

B. Dilation of eye pupil in a dark room

C. A boy kicks a ball

D. Quick withdrawal of the hand when it touches a hot object

8.Which of the following parts of the brain plays a regulating role in homeostasis?

A. Cerebellum

B. Medulla oblongata

C. Hypothalamus

D. Cerebrum9.Which of the following are true about synapses?

IA synapse is a narrow space between two neurons

IIA neuron may has a synaptic connection with many other neurons

IIINerve impulse can only flow through synapse in one direction

IVThe transmission of nerve impulse across a synapse can be affected by drugs

A. I and II only

B. II and IV only

C. I, II and IV only

D. I, II, III and IV

10.Some nerves carry impulses much faster than others. What could be the reason for the difference?

A.This nerve has a very short axon

B. These nerves are made of myelinated neurons

C. The absence of myelin sheath speed up nerve impulses

D. The neurons in these nerves have more dendrite than others

12.3The role of hormones in humans11.Which of the following is a correct match between the endocrine organ that produces the hormone insulin and its target organ?

Endocrine organTarget organ

APancreasLiver

BPancreasKidney

CPituitary glandLiver

DPituitary glandSkeletal muscle

12.The suitable hormone to treat a person who suffers dwarfism is

A. Sex hormone

B. Growth hormone

C. Thyroxine

D. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

13. The table shows the effects of hormone X

Produced by corpus luteum or placenta

Promotes growth of endometrium and prevents menstruation

What is X?

A. Oestrogen

B. Progesterone

C. Luteinising hormone

D.

Follicle-stimulating hormone14. Which of the following is not a difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Nervous systemEndocrine system

AConsists of neurons Consists of ductless glands

BImpulses transmitted along neurons Hormones are transported by blood

CQuick responseRequires a longer time

DMany effects are generally long lastingMany effects are usually not long lasting

15A person is chased by a fierce dog. What are the reactions in the persons body?

.I The metabolic rate increases

II The body temperature decreases

III The blood glucose level increases

IV The rate of heartbeat decreases

A. I and III only

B. I and IV only

C. II and IV only

D. I,II and III only12.4 Homeostasis In Human16Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?AThe maintenance of body balance

BThe secretion of saliva at the side of food

CThe secretion of insulin after a meal

DThe absorption of digested food by the small intestine

17.The urine of a diabetic is likely to contain an abnormal amount of

AUrea

BAmino acid

CFatty acid

DGlucose18.The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master endocrine gland, this is because

AIt is the largest gland in the body

BIt is located in the brain

CIt is the most productive endocrine gland

DIt controls many other endocrine glands

19Which of the following shows the correct sequence of three stages involved in the formation of urine?

AUltrafiltration, reabsorption, active secretion

BUltrafiltration, active secretion, reabsorption

Cactive secretion, ultrafiltration, reabsorb

Dactive secretion, reabsorb, ultrafiltration

20What changes are likely to occur when a person walks from a very cold room into a hot kitchen?

SweatingShiveringSkin blood vessels

AIncreasesDecreasesDilates

BDecreasesIncreasesDilates

CIncreasesDecreases Constrict

DIncreasesIncreasesConstrict

12.6 Plant Hormone21Which of the following plant hormones induce parthenocarpy ?

A.Gibbrellin

B. Auxin

C. Ethene

D. Ethylene

22Which of the following statements is not true about plant tropism

A.The response is towards a unilateral stimulus

B.The directions of response is determine by the directions of an external stimulus.

CTropism is a growth response of the whole plant to external stimuli.

DPhototropism is cause by uneven distribution of auxins.

23 Phytohormone X is a gas produced in plant tissues. It promotes fruit ripening. What is X?

AAuxin

BAbcisic acid

CEtheneDGibberalin acids

24 Which of the following is naturally occurring auxin ?AIndoleacetic acid

BAbsicic acid

CGibberellic acid

DCytokinin 25Which of the following is not a correct match?HormoneEffect

AAbsicic acidStimulate stomatal opening

BAuxinStimulate parthenocarpy

CGibberellic acidStimulates elongation and growth of stem

DEthenePromote food ripening

Structured Items12.2The Role of the Human Nervous System

1.The diagram below shows a cross section of the spinal cord of a small mammal.

(a).Name the structure labeled X and Y

[2 marks]X: Grey matter

Y: White matter

(b).On the diagram, draw and label the neurons involved in the pathway of nerve

impulses

[3 marks]

(c)Describe the pathway involved in the transmission of nerves impulses which result in the reflection when a hot object was touched.

When the skin is in contact with a hot object, sensory receptor in skin is stimulated. Sensory receptor triggers nerve impulse move through afferent neurons to a spinal cord. This nerve impulse cross the synapse to the interneuron. Then the nerve impulse crosses another synapse and is transferred to afferent neuron. Efferent neuron brings out nerve impulse from spinal cord to impulse ( Bicep muscle ). Bicep muscle is stimulated to contract, causing the hand to move away from the hot object

[4marks]

(d)Explain the effects or responses if the efferent neuron is damagedImpulse cannot be transmitted from central nervous system to effector. The effector cannot respond to the stimulus.

[2 marks]12.3The Role Of Hormones In Humans2.

(a)Name the endocrine glands labeled P, Q, R, S and T

[3 Marks]P: Pituitary gland

Q: Thyroid gland

R: Adrenal gland

S: Pancreas

T: Testis

(b)Name a hormone that is produced by the main gland that control the secretion of

gland Q

[1 Mark]Thyroid stimulating hormone

(c).Name a hormone that is secreted by gland Q

[1 Mark]Thyroxine

(d)State two functions of the hormone in question c

[2 Marks]

IIncreases or controls basal metabolic rate

IIRegulates growth and development

(e)Explain what would happen if a diet for a young child is deficient in iodine

[2 Marks]

-iodine is required for synthesis of the hormone thyroxine

-deficiency of the hormone in early childhood causes cretinism

-there is retardation in physical growth and mental development

(f)State the effect of hormonal imbalance of insulin

-Deficiency of insulin will cause the level of sugar in the blood to increase, resulting in diabetes mellitus.

-Excess of insulin will cause the level of sugar in the blood to decrease, which may be fatal

[2 Marks]

12.4 Homeostasis in Human3. An experiment was carried out to determine how the level of glucose in the blood varies in a normal person. Blood samples were taken every two hours for a period of 14 hours. During this period, three meals were taken: breakfast 0700, lunch at 1300 and tea at 1700. The results are tabulated in table 1TimeBlood glucose level (mmol / dm3)

07004.6

09006.0

11005.3

13004.9

15006.2

17005.0

19004.7

21004.5

a. Plot a graph of blood glucose level against time[3 Marks]

b. Base on the graph; explain the changes of the blood glucose levelI. Between 0700 and 0900 hours

The blood glucose level increase

II. Between 0900 and 1300 hours

The blood glucose level decrease

III. Determine the blood glucose level at 1200

5.0 0.1 mmol / dm3(3 Marks)

c. Explain how the changes in b) I and b) II are brought about?

(4 Marks)

In b)I the blood glucose level increases because the carbohydrates in breakfast are digested and glucose is absorbed through the villi into the bloodstream

In b ii) Between 0900 and 1300 hours, the high blood glucose level stimulates the secretion of insulin. It promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver. Thus the blood glucose level decreases Give two reasons why the blood glucose level after breakfast differs from that after tea

( 2 marks)

The blood glucose level after tea is not as high as that after breakfast because the person consumes more carbohydrates at breakfast than at tea. The blood glucose level takes a longer time to reach the maximum when compared to the blood glucose level after breakfast

012.6 Plant Hormone5. The statements below refer to some effects of two groups of plants growth substances, auxins and gibberellins. If the statement is correct place a tick () in the appropriate box and if the statement is incorrect place a cross (X) in the appropriate box

(4 marks)

EffectAuxinsGibberellins

Promote cell elongation

Promote root formation in cuttings and callusesX

Promote fruit ripeningXX

Inhibit lateral bud developmentX

Promote the breaking of dormancy in seedsX

a) Graph shows the effects of different concentrations of auxin on the growth responses of shoots and roots. Using the information from the graph, what are the optimal auxin concentration for maximum shoot growth and root growth?

( 2 marks)

Shoot: between 101 to 102 ppm

Root: Between 10-5 to 10-4 ppm

b) State two differences between responses of shoot and root growth

Root growth is stimulated when the auxin concentrations are low. Inhibited when the auxin level are higher and totally retarded at the level above 101 ppm

Shoot growth is stimulated when auxin level are higher and totally retarded at the level above 103 ppm

(4 marks)

Essay Items12.2The Role of the Human Nervous System

1(a)(i)What is meant by the term of synapse

Synapse is a narrow gap between an axon terminal and a dendrite of another adjacent neuron. A chemical is used by neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse. The chemical is called neurotranmitter

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain the event as a nerve impulse is transmitted across a synapse

The transmission of information across a synapse involves the conversion of electrical signal into chemical signal in the form of neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter is produced in vesicles in a swollen part of the axon terminal called synaptic knob. Synaptic knob contains abundant mitochondrion to generate energy for the transmission. When an impulse arrived at the synaptic knob, the vesicles release the neurotransmitters into the synapse. The neurotransmitters molecules diffuse across the synapse to the dendrite of another neurons. The dendrite of another neurons is stimulated to trigger a new impulse which travel down a long neuron.

[4 marks](b)Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases are related to nervous system. Explain the causes and the effects of the diseases on victims.

AlzheimersParkinsons

Caused by

-the shrinkage of brain tissues and lack of neurotransmitter.

Usually affects the elderly Caused by

-the reduced level of neurotransmitter in the brain caused tremors and weakness of the muscles

-The hardening of the cerebral arteries

Effect:

-Loss of intelligent

-Loss of memory

-Poor concentrationEffect:

-The muscle cannot function smoothly and become stiff and jerky in their action

(4 marks)(c)In an accident, a motorist was seriously injured and was sent to a nearby hospital. A doctor is going to do a knee jerk test to examine the patients nerve system. Draw the reflect arch and describe the pathway involved in the transmission of nerve impulses which result in the reflect action.

(10 marks)

-The knee jerk action involves two types of neurons named afferent and efferent neurons.

-When a hammer hits a tendon that connect to quadriceps muscle in the thigh to a bone in the lower leg

-As the hammer strike, the force stretches the quadriceps muscle and stimulates the stretch receptors in the muscles, triggering nerve impulses

-Afferent neurons transmit the information to the efferent neuron in the spinal cord

-The efferent neurons transmit the information to the quadriceps muscle and the muscle contracts swing the leg forward

-If the patient is able to swing the leg forward, it indicates that the patients nerve system is still functioning

-If there is no response, it shows that the patients nervous system fails to function properly2(a)The pituitary gland is regarded as the master endocrine gland

Explain the statement above

(2 Marks)

-because it secretes several hormones that control other endocrine glands

-for example, TSH is secreted to stimulate thyroid to release thyroxine

(b) After watching a horror movie at a cinema, Salim went back to his home. On the way home, he saw a monster exactly the same as he watched in the movie. He was very shocked and frightened. So he ran away as fast as he could.

Explain the involvement of both the nervous system and the endocrine system in that critical situation

(8 Marks)

-The situation is called fight or flight situation

-The nervous system and endocrine systems both work together

-Nerve impulses from the eyes (receptors) travel to the brain

-The information is interpreted and the brain sends nerve impulses to the adrenal glands

-The adrenal glands are stimulated to release adrenaline

-The hormone increases the heartbeat rate, blood pressure and blood flow to the muscle

-The breathe become faster and deeper

-metabolic activity and glucose level in blood increase

-The skeletal muscles become more energized and enable a person to fight off an attacker or flee immediately

3

(a)Explain how the body of a healthy person restores the blood sugar level to

normal if the level drops too low

(6 marks)

-The islet cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release glucagon

-Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose

-This restores the blood sugar level to normal

-Glucagon also promotes lipid breakdown

-This releases fatty acids that can be metabolized to generated energy

-This restores the blood sugar level to the normal range

(b)(i)Complete the diagram and state the role of the nephron

(4 marks)

A nephron is a basic structural and the functional unit of the kidney

It is responsible for the actual purification of blood in producing urine

(ii)Describe the urine formation

(10 marks)

The formation of urine involves three main processes ultrafiltration, reabsorpton and secretion Ultrafiltration

This process occurs at glomerulus

The high hydrostsatic in the glomerulus causes many constituents of the blood to be filtered up from the glomerulus into the bowman capsule. The filtrate is called glomerular filtrate

The glomerular filtrate then passes along the nephron to let the reabsorption to occur

Reabsorption

When the glomerular filtrate which reaches the proximal convoluted tubul, 65% of the water is re reabsorb to the capillary by osmosis

All glucose, amino acid, vitamin and some salt are reabsorbed by actve transport. Urea is not reabsorbed

The filtrate now contains only water, some salt and urea

It continues to pass along the loop of Henle where 20% of the water and some salt are reabsorbed into the blood capillaries

The filtrate continues to pass through the distil convoluted tubule and collecting duct whereby some water and salt are reabsorbed into the blood capillaries

The amount of water and salts reabsorbed is actually regulated by the endocrine system i.e the amount of ADH and aldosterone

Secretion

The process involves the pumping out of the waste product such as urea /uric acid/ ammonia / creatinine from the blood capillaries into the tubule

pumped out by active transport

The glomerular filtrate that reaches the collecting duct is called urine. It composes of 69% water, 2.5% nitrogenous product and 1.5 % salts and other trace elements

Urine is channeled out into the gladder by the ureter and finally secreted out of the body through the urethra

4 (a) Explain the terms:

[4 marks]

(i) Phototropism

growth movement induced by a light stimulus growth towards a source of light is called positive phototropism growth away from the source is termed negative phototropism(ii) geotropism

- The response of plants towards gravity

- The root shows positive geotropism.

- It always grows downwards (towards gravity)

- The shoot shows negative geotropism

- It always grows upwards (away from gravity)

(b)Explain the role of auxins in tropism

- Phototropism is controlled by auxins

- When a plant is given light from all directions, the distribution of auxins in the shoot meristem is uniform

-hence, elongation of cells takes place evenly in all direction,

-resulting in the plant growing upwards.

- when the plant is given unilateral light, auxins will be transported from the bright side to the shaded side

-As a result, cells on the shaded side of the stem elongate more than those on the bright side.

-Thus, the shoot bends in the direction of light

- this explains why the shoot is positively phototropic.

-As for the root, a high concentration of auxins inhibits growth

- Cells on the bright side elongates more than those on the shaded side.

-hence, the root grows away from light.

-this explains why the root is negatively phototropic.

[10 marks]

(c)State 3 types of hormones and its uses in agriculture

-Auxins is used to promote the growth of crop plants.

-It can stimulate the growth of roots plant cuttings

-gibberellins are used to promote the germination of seeds

-Cytokinins are used together with Auxins to promote germination and growth.

-Ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone is used to promote the ripening of fruits.

[6 marks] X

Response

R

Integrating centre

Q

P

Y

Interneuron

Afferent neurone

Efferent neurone

S

R

Q

P

T

PAGE 12-4BIOLOGY QUESTIONS BANK